TWI458909B - 一種氣體儲存容器的填充方法 - Google Patents
一種氣體儲存容器的填充方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI458909B TWI458909B TW100145848A TW100145848A TWI458909B TW I458909 B TWI458909 B TW I458909B TW 100145848 A TW100145848 A TW 100145848A TW 100145848 A TW100145848 A TW 100145848A TW I458909 B TWI458909 B TW I458909B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- liquid
- storage container
- channel
- gas storage
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B3/00—Packaging plastic material, semiliquids, liquids or mixed solids and liquids, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, or jars
- B65B3/18—Controlling escape of air from containers or receptacles during filling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
- B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B67D1/00—Apparatus or devices for dispensing beverages on draught
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/023—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the mass as the parameter
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/028—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the volume as the parameter
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
- F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
- F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
- F17C2201/0119—Shape cylindrical with flat end-piece
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/03—Orientation
- F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/058—Size portable (<30 l)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/01—Reinforcing or suspension means
- F17C2203/014—Suspension means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0308—Radiation shield
- F17C2203/032—Multi-sheet layers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
- F17C2203/0614—Single wall
- F17C2203/0617—Single wall with one layer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
- F17C2203/0614—Single wall
- F17C2203/0619—Single wall with two layers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0636—Metals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0636—Metals
- F17C2203/0639—Steels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0636—Metals
- F17C2203/0639—Steels
- F17C2203/0643—Stainless steels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0636—Metals
- F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
- F17C2203/066—Plastics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
- F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
- F17C2205/0149—Vessel mounted inside another one
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0311—Closure means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0323—Valves
- F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0352—Pipes
- F17C2205/0358—Pipes coaxial
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
- F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/011—Oxygen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/013—Carbone dioxide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/016—Noble gases (Ar, Kr, Xe)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/016—Noble gases (Ar, Kr, Xe)
- F17C2221/017—Helium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/031—Air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0184—Liquids and solids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0107—Single phase
- F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
- F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
- F17C2225/043—Localisation of the filling point in the gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
- F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
- F17C2227/0311—Air heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
- F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
- F17C2227/0376—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0421—Mass or weight of the content of the vessel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0426—Volume
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0443—Flow or movement of content
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
- F17C2260/025—Reducing transfer time
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
- F17C2260/035—Dealing with losses of fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/02—Mixing fluids
- F17C2265/025—Mixing fluids different fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
- F17C2265/031—Treating the boil-off by discharge
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/02—Applications for medical applications
- F17C2270/025—Breathing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/05—Applications for industrial use
- F17C2270/0545—Tools
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/07—Applications for household use
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/07—Applications for household use
- F17C2270/0754—Fire extinguishers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/07—Applications for household use
- F17C2270/0781—Diving equipments
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Description
本發明關於一種以加壓氣體填充氣體儲存容器之方法。此氣體儲存容器通常用於儲存及(或)給出加壓氣體混合物,其壓力通常為高壓,如至少100巴。
習知填充氣體儲存容器之方法為:將氣瓶裝填一預定量之低溫液體、封閉氣體進出氣瓶之通道,然後使低溫液體汽化以使氣體在所需之壓力填充氣瓶。此填充通常有以下二優點:第一,此程序消耗之能量較少(約僅需百分之一);第二,此程序速度較快(約1至2分鐘)。
不幸地,此種直接注入程序不適用於鋼製之標準高壓瓶,其在低溫下會變得脆弱而產生危險。為解決此問題,亦有人提出將低溫液體注入氣瓶內具有薄壁之內槽以將低溫液體與氣瓶之外壁隔開。
美國專利申請第1,414,359號(於1922年5月公開)揭露一種鋼製氣瓶,其包括一內置、具有薄壁之輔助槽,其用於接受液化氣體。在輔助槽之上端緊鄰閥頭之下方處有一排孔洞,以使氣體流可在內槽內及氣瓶內部之其他部分間流通。此輔助槽可連接至氣瓶頂端之錐塞(conical stopper),或是連接至配置於氣瓶底部之錐塞。輔助槽可將具有延展性之金屬軟管經氣瓶之頸部插入,並以空氣或液壓使其膨脹至所需之程度而形成。上述專利亦揭露在填充及之後將液化氣體汽化之過程中將鋼瓶置於水浴中為佳,如此可限制鋼瓶壁冷卻的程度,以避免氣瓶因過度冷卻使鋼材失去延展而造成危險。
美國專利申請第1,414,359號亦揭露裝填此薄壁之內槽可以一般方式進行,如使用虹吸管或漏斗,而填充內槽之入口可以鬆開小閥頭之螺絲的方式開啟,或是在填充時使用具有對應孔寬之特殊閥門。
美國專利第3,645,291A號(於1972年2月公開)揭露一種氣瓶,在氣瓶中之腔室提供一內槽以接受填充至氣瓶之液化氣體,如此可將液化之氣體與氣瓶之外壁隔開,以確保使液態氣體較慢且較均勻的汽化。內槽及出氣構件可使氣體在汽化時進入氣瓶腔室之其他部分。氣瓶包括一頸部,頸部具有一內槽,而內槽由頸部向下延伸之部分及液化氣體接受槽形成,而上述延伸部分在液化氣體接受槽中有孔道。延伸之部分具有至少一徑向向外延伸之孔洞,氣體可經由這些孔洞流進及出氣瓶腔室之其他部分。此專利亦揭露內槽以可用於低溫之材料製成,如以MylarTM
箔片製成,且因氣瓶之瓶壁理應不與液化氣體接觸,因此瓶壁之材料之低溫要求不如內槽高。在實施例中,內槽包含金屬管,其用以支撐一封閉之MylarTM
袋。其封閉而使液態氮、液態氧或液態氬可裝入瓶中,而通常會裝入足夠的量使其產生之壓力為1,800磅/平方吋(124巴)。
美國專利第3,645,291A號揭露一種閥門,其安裝於氣瓶之頸部,氣瓶具有一第一通道以接收一探針,其用於以低溫液體裝填內槽;一第一閥門構件,其用以開啟及關閉第一通道;一第二通道,其用以使氣體由氣瓶中被取出;以及一第二閥目構件,其用以控制氣體通過第二通道之速率。裝填低溫液體至內槽時,將探針之尖端插入第一通道,並使其開啟第二閥構件,然後使一定量之低溫液體流過探針。接著將探針移除並將第一閥構件關閉以密封氣瓶。
美國專利第3,645,291A號所揭露之系統已被放棄而未繼續研究,因MylarTM
袋之使用壽命較短,較不耐用,且無法偵測到MylarTM
袋之損壞。另外,在填充MylarTM
袋上也有先天上的困難。例如,在袋子充滿低溫液體時,液體會開始沸騰而導致部分已被注入之液體被迫回到瓶外。
英國專利第2,277,370 A號(1994年10月公開)中之氣瓶在其內表面具有一絕熱材質之鍍膜(如高密度延展之聚苯乙烯)。此氣瓶與一空瓶儲存槽間可互相流通以填充。在使用時,將具有鍍膜之氣瓶以低溫液體填充,並使其汽化。此可使產生之氣體將空瓶儲存槽以高壓填充。如此,容量為50升(水)之氣瓶在絕熱狀態下可裝有38升之液態氮,其若為液靜填滿之狀態,等同於約200巴之3瓶,或是100巴之6瓶。
英國專利第2,277,370 A號揭露有鍍膜之氣瓶,其配接有三向閥門而可使液體填充氣瓶,其使低溫液體所產生之氣體在填充過程中透過出口以及一開放空間(ullage)閥排出。
在英國專利第2,277,370 A號中揭露之系統有幾個缺點。例如,在氣瓶之內側鍍膜有先天上的困難。另外,先前之填充物會殘留相當大量含有氣體(揮發性或懸浮粒子物質)或其他污染物之泡末在瓶內,其可能污染氣體而使其無法達到高純度。
歐洲專利第1,680,620A號揭露一種填充壓力槽之方法,例如可使用在安全氣囊系統中,其包括冷卻該槽並以至少一氣體在其沸點之上填充經冷卻之該槽、關閉經冷卻之該槽及加熱該槽。
美國專利公開第2008/178,610 A號揭露一種可攜式液態氧(LOX)儲存容器,其具有一LOX入口管線以及一LOX出口管線,其中該LOX入口管線為一環繞該LOX出口管線之環狀通道。
世界智慧財產權組織公開第2008/152,634 A號專利揭露一種杜瓦瓶虹吸管,其包含一中央饋送渠道以及環繞中央饋送渠道之外部(外加)渠道。
填充裝備至低溫液體之熱傳導為一大問題,因其可在填充過程中使低溫氣體之一部分沸騰。沸騰會造成低溫液體之損失,並使實際填充至氣體儲存容器之低溫液體的量少於預計的量,或是必需裝填更多液體以修正裝填之總量。另外,汽化耗損(也就是液溫液體揮發為氣態)可導致液溫液體回流並饋送至氣體儲存容器(亦稱「噴回」),而低溫液體之「濺出」對健康及安全都會造成危害。在此領域中,此問題已獲得相當程度的改善。可使汽化耗損與逸出之空氣由一分離之閥門(如傳統閥門或洩氣閥門)排
出,並使用薄壁之設備以將熱傳導減到最小。然而,此問題無法完全以此方案克服,特別是在氣體儲存容器僅具有單一使氣體進出氣體儲存容器之流動路徑之狀況。
本發明之一目的為提供一種以加壓氣體填充氣體儲存容器之新方法,其可克服先前技術之方法中之一或多個缺點。
本發明較佳實施例之目的為抑制裝填至氣體儲存容器中之低溫液體之沸騰。
本發明之另一較佳實施例之目的為阻止因逸出之空氣及(或)氣態之低溫液體所造成之低溫流體之噴回,特別是在氣體儲存容器僅有單一控制氣流進出氣體儲存容器之流動路徑時。
本發明又一較佳實施例之目的為簡化填充氣體儲存容器之流程,特別是在氣體儲存容器具有多於一個控制氣流進出氣體儲存容器之流動路徑時。
本發明之第一樣態提供一種以加壓氣體之氣體填充一氣體儲存容器之方法,方法包含以下步驟:將包含液化氣體之低溫流體通過一噴嘴中之一第一渠道組合饋送至一氣體儲存容器中,其中噴嘴插入於通過一流體流量控制單元之一通道中,而流體流量控制單元安裝於氣體儲存容器中之一孔道中;將氣體儲存容器中氣體進出氣體儲存容器之通道封
閉;以及使液化之第一氣體以及固化之第二氣體在封閉之氣體儲存容器中變為氣態,其特徵在於,在饋送之步驟中,逸出空氣及(或)氣態低溫流體透過噴嘴中之一第二渠道組合由氣體儲存容器排出。
用於填充之氣體儲存容器通常包含界定內空間之一外槽,而內空間用以留存加壓混合氣體,此外槽具有一孔道用以放置流體流量控制單元,而流體流量控制單元安裝於此孔道以控制流體進出外槽之流量。流體流量控制單元包含一通道,其可讓低溫流體饋送至氣體儲存容器中。通道可以壓力蓋或其類似物手動開關,但在較佳實施例中,通道具有一閥門,其於氣體儲存容器中位於通道末端,且以彈簧使其處於關閉狀態。
此流程可包含以移除壓力蓋打開通道,然後將噴嘴插入打開的通道並將低溫流體送入容器中。另外,此流程亦可包含將噴嘴插入,並以噴嘴之末端推擠彈簧以打開閥門而打開通道。
當送入容器之低溫流體達到所需之量時,噴嘴被由通道移除,然後通道可因閥門之彈簧作動而關閉,或是重新蓋上壓力蓋。
依本發明之方法填充氣體儲存容器與習知技術相較下較容易亦較可靠,並可減少浪費,僅會有少量(或是完全沒有)之流體會在注入低溫流體時被逸出之空氣及(或)氣態之低溫流體迫出流體流量控制單元。
另外,因逸出之空氣及(或)氣態之低溫流體被排出氣體儲存容器外之通道與低溫流體饋送至氣體儲存容器之通道相同,因此本發明之方法可用於填充僅有單一通道通過流體流量控制單元之氣體儲存容器。
此外,此填充方法對具有二(或更多)通道通過流體流量控制單元之氣體儲存容器來說較簡單,因其不再需要分別打開及關閉傳統閥以排出逸出之空氣及(或)氣態之低溫流體。
逸出空氣及(或)氣態低溫流體在第一渠道組合中流動一段距離較佳。此流動可抑制由流體流量控制單元至低溫液體之熱傳導。此效果在初始裝填至氣體儲存容器之低溫流體汽化或以其他方式變為氣態以提供氣態低溫流體時更為明顯,因氣態之低溫流體之溫度較氣體儲存容器中之空氣低。
第二渠道組合界定至少一實質環狀流道為佳,其在第一渠道組合中逸出空氣及(或)氣態低溫流體流動之此段距離周圍。環狀流道可使抑制逸出空氣及(或)氣態低溫流體之逆流之熱傳導的效果達到最大。
在較佳實施例中,第二渠道組合與流體流量控制單元之通道銜接以使逸出空氣及(或)氣態低溫流體不會在第二渠道外由通道排出。例如,第二渠道組合之尺寸(或形狀)與通道之尺寸(或形狀)匹配為佳,如此使噴嘴在插入通道後,噴嘴與通道壁之間沒有明顯的間隙。通道壁可為柱狀,或向氣體儲存容器內部逐漸變細。
第一渠道組合通常由抗低溫而不會脆化之材料製成。第一渠道組合由抗低溫而不會脆化之材料製成為佳。
噴嘴通常包含一內管(也就是第一渠道組合)以及一外管(也就是第二渠道組合)。內外管通常共軸。因低溫流體通常透過內管饋送,因此內管壁一般較薄以減少熱傳導至低溫流體。內管壁之厚度通常為約100μm至2mm,例如約1mm。內管可以如聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)之聚合物製成,或是以銅、不銹鋼或鋁等金屬製成。外管壁通常較厚,因其由作業員操作,且需保護內管壁。外管之厚度通常為約1mm至約3mm,如2mm。外管可由不銹鋼等金屬製成。
本發明可應用於任何種類之用於儲存及(或)給出加壓氣體之容器,如瓦斯槽或其他氣體儲存槽。氣體儲存容器通常包含界定內空間之一外槽,而內空間用以留存加壓混合氣體,此外槽具有一孔道用以放置流體流量控制單元,而流體流量控制單元安裝於此孔道以控制流體進出外槽之流量。
本發明特別可應用於氣瓶,例如為鋼製或鋁製之高壓氣瓶。在一些較佳實施例中,容器為單一氣瓶。在其他較佳實施例中,容器可為多氣瓶組之中央主氣瓶,而氣體可在主氣瓶與數個平行之次要氣瓶間流通。在此類實施例中,中央主氣瓶之外槽通常為鋁製,而其餘次要氣瓶之外槽則通常為鋼製。
氣體儲存容器可為內表面鍍有絕熱材質之氣瓶。英國專利第2,277,370號所揭露之氣瓶即為一例。此專利揭露之
內容併入此說明書以做為參考。然而,本發明之氣體儲存容器以無鍍膜較佳。
氣體儲存容器更可具有至少一內槽,其位於上述內空間中。內槽界定內空間之一部分以留存液/固混合物,並使液/固混合物相對於外槽有一間隔關係,且流體可在外槽與內空間之其他部分之間流通。此種設置方式可避免外槽損壞。
在此種實施例中,低溫流體饋送至容器之一或多個內槽中。接著容器被封閉,並讓低溫流體變成氣體而充滿容器,而任何與其連接之次要容器亦會被加壓氣體充填。一或多個內槽不僅將低溫流體與容器之外壁隔離(藉此可避免容器損壞),更因其多半為薄壁,亦可減緩沸騰且提供更均勻之沸騰。
一或多個內槽為「鬆密合」(loose-fitting)較佳,也就是並非固定地安裝至外槽上。
一或多個內槽以「薄壁」為佳,因內槽僅處於均壓壓力下。一或多個內槽通常具有封閉之一基底以及一環繞壁,其具有足夠之厚度以讓內槽在裝有低溫流體時可支撐其自身。基底及環繞壁之厚度依內槽之材質而定,但基底及環繞壁之厚度通常約為0.1mm至10mm間,較佳地在0.25mm至5mm之間。例如,當內槽由金屬製成(例如鐵、鋁或鎳)時,基底及環繞壁之厚度通常不大於2mm(例如為約1mm至2mm)。另外,當內槽由聚合物(如矽氧樹脂或聚酯膜)製成時,基底及環繞壁之厚度通常會較厚,例
如小於5mm(例如為約1.5至4mm)。
一或多個內槽之形狀較佳地為開頂或具有一開放端之一罐,也就是說內槽具有一底端以及一環繞壁(其通常為環形,雖然非必要),其實質上垂直於該底端。此內槽之開口為此開放端。在一些實施例中,此罐之開放端為倒錐狀。
此氣體儲存容器可包含至少一支撐件較佳,其用以支撐內槽以使其與外槽維持間隔關係。任何適當之支撐件皆可,如用於內槽之間隔臂或間隔足,或是可承載內槽之支撐基座。支撐件可固定於內槽上,但非必要。一或多個支撐件通常由抗低溫材料製成,且其導熱常數通常較低。適合的物質包括塑膠及聚合物,但亦可用包裝材料。
容器可包含複數個內槽。例如,每個內槽可為長形、薄壁之管狀,且具有封閉之底端以及形成開口之開放的上端。管之直徑可大於外槽之孔道直徑(在此例中,此管可在封閉之前置入外槽)或小於外槽孔道之直徑(在此例中,管可由孔道插入外槽中)。
然而在較佳實施例中,容器包含一單內槽,在此實施例中,內槽之開口的直徑大於上述孔道為佳。內槽之開口之直徑可至少較孔道之直徑大100%(較佳為至少大200%,例如至少大400%)。內槽之開口的直徑可為外槽內徑之99%。
一或多個內槽通常可支撐其自身,即使填充低溫流體後也一樣。內槽可為剛性,也就是可支撐其自身且可抵抗形變。另一方面,一或多個內槽亦可為軟性。在此等實施
例中,一或多個內槽可產生形變,如被捲起、折疊或壓扁,然後由孔道插入外槽中。接著內槽可以氣壓或水壓在容器內展開。另外,在實施例中,若一或多個內槽為彈性體,內槽在容器內可自行恢復原來的形狀。因此,內槽可由彈性材料製成,或是內槽具有彈性或彈簧框架,其支撐用以形成內槽之基底及壁之軟性的片材。
因其需填充低溫流體,因此一或多個內槽通常由可抵抗所在環境之低溫而不會脆化之材料製成。適合之材料包括特定之金屬,如鋁、鎳及鋼(例如不銹鋼)以及聚合物材料(例如矽氧樹脂,如催化固化之矽氧樹脂以及聚二甲基矽氧烷、聚脂(如聚對苯甲二酸乙二脂(PET或MylarTM
))、聚乙烯(如聚四氟乙烯(PTFE))、以及全氟化彈性體(PFE)。
除開口外,內槽可包含至少一孔穴以提供由內槽界定之內空間,以及由外槽所界定之其他部分之內空間之間之額外之氣體流通。此孔穴通常可位於內槽之壁上,在內槽填充之低溫流體的最高水位以上。然而,在較佳實施例中,開口為內槽上唯一之孔道為佳。
此處之「間隔關係」一詞所指為被隔開或是在其間有一間隙。因此,在本發明中,外槽與內槽隔開,而使填入內槽之低溫流體與外槽間具有一間隙而將低溫流體隔離。間隙通常大於1釐米,較佳為大於5釐米。
此處「開放」一詞意指至少非完全封閉。因此,在本發明中,開口為對內空間之其餘部分至少非完全封閉(以
完全打開為佳)。在較佳實施例中,開口可直接連接至容器之任一部分,特別是流體流量控制單元。
一或多個內槽之開口與流體流量控制單元間有一間隔關係為佳。
內空間通常具有一上半部以及一下半部。內槽延伸至內槽之上半部及下半部之程度依內槽填充之低溫流體的量而定。一或多個內槽一或多個內槽可由內空間之下半部延伸至上半部。例如,在容器為多氣瓶組中之中央主氣瓶之實施例中,其內槽可由接近內空間之底部延伸至頂端,或至內空間之長度的90%。然而,在容器為獨立之氣瓶之實施例中,內槽完全位於內空間之下半部為佳,或甚至僅於內空間之底部三分之一。
一些較佳之用以儲存及(或)給出加壓氣體之容器揭露於同樣處於申請階段之歐洲專利申請第10195503.7(EP2652386 A)號,並標示為申請人卷號07492 EPC,其揭露之內容引用於此做為參考資料。
此處「加壓」一詞欲指此氣體遠大於大氣壓力,如至少40巴。此氣體儲存容器通常適於儲存及(或)給出約500巴之氣體。一般而言,此容器通常適於儲存及(或)給出至少100巴或至少300巴之氣體。
本發明之氣體儲存容器適用於儲存及(或)給出純氣或是混合氣體。此容器特別可應用於儲存及(或)給出經液化之純氣或混合氣體。此容器特別可應用於儲存及(或)給出可液化之純氣,或是具有至少一可液化、且可以含有
液化氣體之低溫流體的形態裝填至內槽之主成分的混合氣體。
適用於此容器之氣體包含永久氣體。適用之氣體例如包括氧(O2
)、氫(H2
)、氮(N2
)、氦(He)、氬(Ar)、氖(Ne)、氪(Kr)、氙(Xe)及甲烷(CH4
)。適用之混合氣體包括焊接氣體,例如為含有N2
或氬與二氧化碳(CO2
),另選擇性地可含有O2
之混合氣體;呼吸氣體,如空氣;高氧氣體(nitrox,O2
及N2
);氦氧氮混合氣體(trimix,O2
、N2
及He);氦氧混合氣體(heliox,He及O2
);加氦空氣(heliair,O2
、N2
及He);氦氫氧混合氣體(hydreliox,He、O2
以及H2
);氫氧混合氣體(hydrox,H2
及O2
);以及氖氧混合氣體(O2
、N2
以及He);麻醉氣體,如包含O2
及二氧化氮(N2
O)之混合氣體;以及啤酒添加氣體(beer gas),如包含CO2
及N2
之氣體混合物。
「低溫流體」包含了液化氣體,其可為液化之純氣、液化氣體之混合物或是包含一液化氣體以及一固化氣體之液/固混合物,其通常為低溫之泥狀或漿狀。
在一些較佳實施例中,低溫流體可為低溫液體,如液態氧(LOX)、液態氫(LIN)、液態氦、液態氬(LAR)、液態氖、液態氪、液態氙以及液態甲烷,或是其混合物以形成特定之氣體混合物。
在其他實施例中,低溫流體為液/固混合物,其包含第一液化氣體以及第二固化氣體。液化第一氣體可為一或多種上述之低溫液體,而固化之第二氣體通常為固態二氧化
碳或一氧化二氮,可依形成之混合氣體不同而選用適當之組合。
適用之液/固混合物通常需在大氣壓力下(如1至2巴)至少穩定的存在10分鐘,較佳為至少30分鐘,更佳為1小時,再更佳為1小時。此處之「穩定」一詞意指此混合物可在大氣壓力下處理,而不會使一或多種之成分有嚴重的損失。
上述固液混合物通常為流體,以使此混合物可被倒出、沿渠道抽吸/引導、控制流量。依液化氣體及固化氣體之相對比例,此混合物之黏稠度及外觀由濃厚之奶油狀物質(類似打發的奶油或凡士林)至稀薄之乳狀物質都有可能。此混合物之黏滯度通常可為1cPs(如為稀薄之乳狀物質)至10000cPs(如為濃厚之奶油狀物質)。濃厚之奶油狀物質可在約1000至約10000cPs之間。此混合物較佳地可由懸浮於液體中之分散的固態粒子所形成。此液/固混合物可以低溫泥或低溫漿來形容。
發明人發現,當液態氬/固態二氧化碳混合物回溫至室溫時,液態氬會先汽化留下大量之固態二氧化碳,而固態二氧化碳會逐漸升華。在容器內使氣體擴散可形成均勻混合之氬/二氧化碳混合物。發明人認為其他含有二氧化碳之液/固混合物也有相同之行為模式。
混合物中之液體及固體成分的相對比例依所需之氣體混合物而定,且其混合物需具有流體性質。在較佳實施例中,液體成分之重量百分比可為約40%至99%,而固體成
分之重量百分比可為約1%至60%。
第一及第二氣體之成分由填充容器之氣體混合物決定。適合之氣體混合物之例包括焊接氣體;啤酒添加氣體;麻醉氣體以及滅火氣體。
適合之焊接氣體包括氮氣或二氧化碳混合物(例如為重量百分比約80%至約95%之氮及重量百分比約5%至20%之二氧化碳),以及氬/二氧化碳混合物(例如為重量百分比約80%至約95%之氬及重量百分比約5%至20%之二氧化碳)。在此種焊接氣體中氧氣可取代部分之氮或氬。因此,焊接氣體可包含重量百分比為約0%至5%之氧氣。
特別適合之焊接氣體可包含重量百分比約80%至約90%之氬、約0%至5%之氧氣以及約5%至20%之二氧化碳。適合之焊接氣體之範例可包含重量百分比約2.5%之氧氣、約7%至20%之二氧化碳,並以氬氣(重量百分比約77.5%至約90.5%)平衡。
適合之啤酒添加氣體包含氮氣/二氧化碳混合氣體(例如重量百分比約40%至70%之氮與約20%至約60%之二氧化碳)。
適合之麻醉氣體可包含氧氣/氧化亞氮之混合氣體(如重量百分比約65%至約75%之氧及約25%至35%之氧化亞氮)。
適合之滅火氣體包括氮氣/二氧化碳混合氣體(如重量比為1:1)。
第一氣體因此可以由氮、氬、氧中選出。其他適合之
氣體包括氦、氖、氙、氪以及甲烷。
第二氣體通常在大氣壓力下為穩定固態。此處「穩定」一詞意指第二氣體之固態不會在大氣壓力下過快地急速變為氣態(不論是升華或融化及汽化),而使其可在這些條件下以固態處理。第二氣體通常由二氧化碳及氧化亞氮中選出。
此液/固混合物可為一液化氣體及一固化氣體形成之二元混合物。但液/固混合物亦為可多於一種之液化氣體與一固化氣體混合,或是一液化氣體與多於一種之固化氣體混合。在一些較佳實施例中,液/固混合物包含液化之第三氣體。此液化之第三氣體無法與液化之第一氣體混合,但在較佳實施例中,液化第一及第三氣體可彼此混合。
在儲存容器以焊接氣體填充之較佳實施例中,液化第一氣體為液態氬,而固態第二氣體為固態二氧化碳。在此實施例中,液/固混合物亦可含有液態氧,其可與液態氬混合。因此,液/固混合物可包含重量百分比約80%至90%之液態氬、約5%之液態氧以及約5%至20%之固態二氧化碳。
適合之低溫液/固混合物揭露於同樣處於申請階段之歐洲專利申請第11799400.4(EP2652385A)號,並標示為申請人卷號07493 EPC,其揭露之內容引用於此做為參考資料。
以低溫流體填充單一容器之一或多個內槽通常需要一分鐘,亦可能僅需10至20秒。容器被純氣充分加壓之時間通常少於1小時。
熟悉此項技藝者應可了解,氣體儲存容器之內槽被加壓之純氣填充,以及饋送低溫流體之量可以理想氣體方程式計算。也就是:PV=nRT
其中P為所欲之容器中壓力、V為容氣體積、n為氣體之莫耳數、R為氣體常數、而T為絕對溫度。
在選定特定之容器後,V及P之最大值,以及R與室溫為已知。如此可以下式計算n:n=PV/RT
氣體之莫耳數n乘以分子量A可換算為以公克數計量之氣體質量M:M=nA
在計算高於50巴(例如)之真實氣體時,需依分子之不同而有限之尺寸及分子間之引力及斥力修正此基本方程式。此修正可在方程式中導入因數Z一氣體之「壓縮性」:PV=nRTZ
許多氣體在相當廣的壓力及溫度範圍下有表可查,而其他氣體則有複雜之趨近方程式可計算。
計算可依需求改變以決定兩種或以上之低溫液體之量,或包含液化之第一氣體及固化之第二氣體之液/固混合物之量,其依需求以加壓氣體混合物填充氣體儲存容器。
饋送至氣體儲存容器之低溫流體之量可以不同之方式控制。例如,可以量測一給定量(重量或體積)之流體量,然後將此量裝填至容器中。此方法通常用於小規模作業,如填充單一氣瓶。另外,亦可測量流至容器之低溫流體的流量(如使用流量計量測體,或是以磅稱量測重量)在裝填預定量至容器後,氣體流即被停止,或是以其他方式干預。此種方式通常用於大規模作業,如連續地填充數個氣瓶。
本發明亦提供一種噴嘴。此噴嘴適於插入通過流體流量控制單元之通道中,且流體流量控制單元安裝於氣體儲存容器之一孔道。此噴嘴包含第一渠道組合,其用以將低溫流體饋送至氣體儲存容器;以及第二渠道組合,其用於將逸出空氣及(或)氣態低溫流體由氣體儲存容器排出。
另外,本發明亦提供以加壓氣體填充氣體儲存容器之設備,此設備包含低溫流體源,其中低溫流體包含液化氣體;噴嘴,其用於透過通道饋送低溫流體至氣體儲存容器中,通道通過一流體流量控制單元,且流體流量控制單元安裝於氣體儲存容器之孔道;以及渠道組合,其用於由低溫流體源饋送低溫流體至噴嘴。噴嘴包含第一渠道組合,
其用以將低溫流體饋送至氣體儲存容器,以及第二渠道組合,其用於將逸出空氣及(或)氣態低溫流體由氣體儲存容器排出。
低溫流體源可為任何形式之流體庫存。例如,在小規模之作業中,低溫流體源可為小型容器,如小水槽或水桶,或是經修改之漏斗之斗部,並以套筒將漏斗之管部套住。
在大規模作業時,流體源可為大型水槽。在此種大規模作業中,低溫流體可被泵或靜壓頭(static head)由水槽抽出,並經渠道至噴嘴。
在此設備之一較佳實施例中,至少一部分之第一渠道組合在第二渠道組合中。較佳地,第二渠道組合界定至少一實質環狀流道,其在第一渠道組合中之一段距離周圍。
第二渠道組合與流體流量控制單元中之通道銜接以使逸出空氣及(或)氣態低溫流體不會在第二渠道外由通道排出為佳。
第一渠道組合延伸至氣體儲存容器內之一內槽中較佳。
以下為本發明一較佳實施例之敘述(僅為例示)並參照所附圖式。
請參照第1A及1B圖,噴嘴2包含一第一渠道4,其界定出第一通道6。第一通道6用於饋送包含液化氣體之低溫流體至氣體儲存容器(圖未示)。第一渠道4與第二渠
道8共軸,並以此界定第一渠道4及第二渠道8之間之環狀通道10,其用以將逸出空氣及(或)氣態低溫流體在裝填低溫流體時由氣體儲存容器(圖未示)排出。
第一渠道4為PTFE管。第一渠道4具有一薄壁,以減少由管壁至低溫流體之熱傳導。第一渠道4壁之厚度約為1mm。第二渠道8為不銹鋼管,其管壁厚度為2mm。第一渠道4及第二渠道8間以一連串之連結11來連接。
第2圖繪示使用中之第1A及1B圖中之噴嘴2。氣瓶12具有一外槽14,其界定一內空間16以留存加壓氣體。外槽14以鋼製成,並具有孔道18以接收流體流量控制單元20以控制進出氣瓶12之流體流量。流體流量控制單元20具有流體填充入口22以及含控制閥28之傳統出口26。流體填充入口22為通過流體流量控制單元20之通道,其於氣瓶12內之通道末端以閥門24封閉,而閥門24因彈簧而處於關閉之狀態。流體流量控制單元20通常具有洩壓閥(圖未示)。
內槽30由鋁製成,其完全置於內空間16之下半部中。內槽30界定出內空間之一部分34以留存低溫流體36,並使其與外槽14保持一間隔關係。支撐件38使內槽30與外槽14間維持間隔關係。內槽30具有一開口40,其用以通過噴嘴2之第一渠道4接收來自流體流量控制單元20之低溫流體。第一渠道4之末端42延伸至內槽30之開口40以下,並藉此確保來自第一渠道4之噴濺可被內槽30擋住。第一渠道4之末端42通常不會延伸至低於內槽30之開口
40,因其在內槽30填充流體後會使其低於低溫流體36之液面。
開口40向內空間16之其他部分打開,而藉此可使流體可在內槽30與內空間16之其他部分間之流通。
在填充氣瓶12時,將噴嘴2插入流體流量控制單元20之流體填充入口22。第一渠道4之末端42推擠彈簧而推開閥門24,而噴嘴2推入氣瓶12直到第二渠道8與流體填充入口22之通道銜接。第一渠道4之末端42低於內槽30之開口40。低溫流體經流道6饋送經第一渠道4並進入內槽30。低溫流體一接觸到內槽30就會因熱傳導而開始汽化及(或)升華(取決於流體之特性)。被氣態低溫流體冷卻之逸出的空氣由氣瓶12經第二渠道8所界定之環狀通道10被排出,其在圖中以箭號表示。
饋入氣瓶12之低溫流體之量(如體積或質量)依氣瓶之目標壓力(也就是氣瓶之體積、以及氣體及低溫流體之密度)而預定,並測量饋送至氣瓶之流體以確保加入之低溫流體量正確。
在加入所需之低溫液體之量至氣瓶12後,將噴嘴2由流體填充入口22移除,因此使閥門24關上。低溫流體可汽化(在某些情況下為升華)並變成氣態,藉此將氣瓶12以氣體填充至所需之壓力。
23.5升之鋼製氣瓶具有一大型頸部(40mm),其裝設
有流體流量控制單元,而流體流量控制單元具有液體過濾開孔、水管、傳統閥以及安全洩壓閥。MylarTM
袋連接至液體填充管,並置於氣瓶之內部。製成之氣瓶以及其內部與美國專利第3,645,291號中所述類似。
在填充前將系統以LIN預冷。在預冷後,將4升之LIN透過具有同軸流道之噴嘴之中央管倒入袋中,如第1A及1B圖所示。傳統閥在倒入時打開,而傳統閥以及液體填充孔在混合物倒入後關上。氣瓶之壓力及溫度被依時間記錄。在約28分鐘後,大致上所有的LIN都已沸騰。
以第2圖中繪示之23.5升鋼瓶重複此實驗。內槽30以催化固化矽氧樹脂製成。將內槽30捲起並透過頸部插入氣瓶。在插入後,內槽30自動恢復原來的形狀。內槽30置於包裝材料上以避免與氣瓶外壁及基底接觸。與之前相同,氣瓶之壓力及溫度被依時間記錄,且發明人發現在約37分鐘後,大致上所有的LIN都已沸騰。
使用含有裝填液態氬/固態二氧化碳低溫漿之內袋之氣瓶重複本實驗。製備由重量百分比97%之液態氬以及7%之固態二氧化碳組成之此低溫漿時,可將液態二氧化碳由噴嘴噴灑至裝有液態氬之通風槽表面。產生之漿是否加入足量之二氧化碳可以其自由流動之特性及顏色來確認。應達到不透明白色稀薄液體。
在填充前將系統以LIN預冷。在預冷後,將4.2升之混合物(總量6升,其中因噴回及濺出而損失1.8升)透過同軸噴嘴之中央管倒入填充管及袋中。傳統閥在倒入時
打開,而傳統閥以及液體填充孔在混合物倒入後關上。氣瓶之壓力及溫度被依時間記錄。二氧化碳含量在數日中每數小時測量一次,直至其回到平衡值之7%。
本發明至少具有以下優點:.抑制在饋送至氣瓶時因逸出之空氣而產生之低溫流體的噴回,因此可增進安全性及填充準確性,並減少浪費;.抑制填充時由流體流量控制單元至低溫流體之熱傳導,並藉此進一步減少低溫流體之噴回;.使容器可使用單一流體流道進行簡易且有效率之填充;以及.簡化具有多於一流體流道之氣體儲存容器的填充作業,因其不需操作其他閥門來將逸出空氣及(或)氣態低溫流體排出。
應了解本發明並不限於上述較佳實施例細節之細節,其可有許多之修改及變化,而不悖離後附之申請專利範圍中所界定之本發明之精神及範疇。
2‧‧‧噴嘴
4‧‧‧第一渠道
6‧‧‧第一通道
8‧‧‧第二渠道
10‧‧‧環狀通道
11‧‧‧連結
12‧‧‧氣瓶
14‧‧‧外槽
18‧‧‧孔道
20‧‧‧流體流量控制單元
22‧‧‧流體填充入口
24‧‧‧閥門
26‧‧‧傳統出口
28‧‧‧控制閥
30‧‧‧內槽
34‧‧‧內空間之一部分
36‧‧‧低溫流體
38‧‧‧支撐件
40‧‧‧開口
42‧‧‧末端
第1圖為本發明一實施例之氣體容器之剖面示意圖;第2圖繪示(i)裝填有液態氬及固態二氧化碳所組成之低溫漿之內袋之氣瓶對時間的加速壓力曲線(ii)氣瓶中之不同點對時間之溫度變化
2...噴嘴
4...第一渠道
6...第一通道
8...第二渠道
10...環狀通道
11...連結
Claims (11)
- 一種以加壓氣體之氣體填充一氣體儲存容器(12)之方法,該方法包含以下步驟:將包含液化氣體之低溫流體通過一噴嘴(2)中之一第一渠道組合(4)饋送至一氣體儲存容器(12)中,其中該噴嘴(2)插入於通過一流體流量控制單元(20)之一通道(22)中,而該流體流量控制單元(20)安裝於該氣體儲存容器(12)中之一孔道(18)中;將該氣體儲存容器(12)中氣體進出該氣體儲存容器(12)之該通道封閉;以及使液化之該第一氣體以及固化之該第二氣體在封閉之該氣體儲存容器(12)中變為氣態,其特徵在於,在該饋送之步驟中,逸出空氣及(或)氣態低溫流體透過該噴嘴(2)中之一第二渠道組合(8)由該氣體儲存容器(12)排出。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該逸出空氣及(或)氣態低溫流體在該第一渠道組合(4)中流動一段距離以抑制由該流體流量控制單元(20)至該低溫液體之熱傳導。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之方法,其中該第二渠道組合(8)界定至少一實質環狀流道(10),其在該第一渠道組合(4)中之該段距離周圍。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之方法,其中該第二渠道組合(8)與該通道(22)銜接以使該逸出空氣及(或)氣態低溫流體不會在該第二渠道(8)外由該通道(22)排出。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該低溫流體經由該第一渠道組合(4)饋送至該氣體儲存容器(12)內之至少一內槽(30)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中該低溫流體為液/固混合物包含液化之一第一氣體以及固化之一第二氣體。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其中該固/液混合物包含重量百分比40%至90%之液態成分及重量百分比1%至60%之固態成分。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其中該液化之第一氣體為氮(N2 )、氬(Ar)、氧(O2 )或其混合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其中固化之該第二氣體可為二氧化碳(CO2 )或氧化二氮(N2 O)。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之方法滿其中該固/液混合化包含液化氬與固化二氧化碳。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之方法,其中該液/固混合物包含:重量百分比約80%至90%之液態氬;重量百分比約0%至5%之液態氧;以及重量百分比約5%至20%之固態二氧化碳。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10195461A EP2466186A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 | 2010-12-16 | A process for filling a gas storage container |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW201226762A TW201226762A (en) | 2012-07-01 |
TWI458909B true TWI458909B (zh) | 2014-11-01 |
Family
ID=43558211
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW100145848A TWI458909B (zh) | 2010-12-16 | 2011-12-12 | 一種氣體儲存容器的填充方法 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20150033674A1 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP2466186A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2014503769A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20130092619A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN103249984A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2821153C (zh) |
CL (1) | CL2013001728A1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2013006578A (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI458909B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2012080173A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2652385A2 (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2013-10-23 | Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. | A process for filling a gas storage container |
US9057483B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2015-06-16 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Threaded insert for compact cryogenic-capable pressure vessels |
CN103252550B (zh) * | 2013-05-22 | 2015-06-24 | 常州大学 | 一种小型气瓶钎焊前的气体置换方法 |
PL2848901T3 (pl) * | 2013-09-13 | 2021-12-27 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Sposób oraz urządzenie dla monitorowania dostępnych zasobów butli gazowej |
DE102014213762A1 (de) * | 2014-07-15 | 2016-02-18 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Tankeinrichtung, insbesondere in einem Fahrzeug |
ES2589512B1 (es) * | 2015-05-11 | 2017-10-11 | Stephane ESPINOSA NEED | Nevera portátil con refrigerador acoplable, sin fuente de energía ni hielo. |
DE102015118830A1 (de) * | 2015-11-03 | 2017-05-04 | Brugg Rohr Ag Holding | Einrichtung zum Betanken von Kraftfahrzeugen mit verflüssigtem Gas |
ITUA20161329A1 (it) | 2016-03-03 | 2017-09-03 | Saes Pure Gas Inc | Compressione di anidride carbonica e sistema di erogazione |
KR20200009041A (ko) * | 2017-05-19 | 2020-01-29 | 레르 리키드 쏘시에떼 아노님 뿌르 레뜌드 에렉스뿔라따시옹 데 프로세데 조르즈 클로드 | 분석될 액체를 처리하기 위한 장치 |
FR3078135B1 (fr) * | 2018-02-20 | 2021-01-15 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Installation de stockage et de transport d'un fluide cryogenique embarquee sur un navire |
US11305879B2 (en) | 2018-03-23 | 2022-04-19 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Propulsion system cooling control |
FR3082278B1 (fr) * | 2018-06-07 | 2020-06-26 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Dispositif d'alimentation en fluide et/ou d'evacuation de fluide pour une cuve de stockage de gaz liquefie |
FR3089596B1 (fr) * | 2018-12-11 | 2021-03-19 | Air Liquide | Dispositif de support et conteneur de stockage de gaz liquéfié |
FR3092899B1 (fr) * | 2019-02-20 | 2021-12-03 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif de transvasement de fluide cryogénique à canne de distribution et tube d’écoulement |
WO2020231692A1 (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2020-11-19 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Method and system for filling thermally insulated containers with liquid carbon dioxide |
FR3114136B1 (fr) * | 2020-09-11 | 2022-11-25 | Air Liquide | Stockage cryogénique double |
EP4396486A2 (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2024-07-10 | Verne Inc. | Compact inserts for cryo-compressed storage vessels |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080178610A1 (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2008-07-31 | Douglas Whitcher | Portable Liquid Oxygen Storage Unit |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1414359A (en) | 1921-01-03 | 1922-05-02 | Heylandt Paul | Process for filling high-pressure vessels with liquefiable gases |
US3298187A (en) * | 1964-12-29 | 1967-01-17 | Union Carbide Corp | Cryogenic liquid storage apparatus |
GB1266147A (zh) | 1968-05-06 | 1972-03-08 | ||
GB2277370B (en) | 1993-04-23 | 1996-09-18 | Boc Group Plc | Gas cylinders |
CN1867799A (zh) * | 2003-10-17 | 2006-11-22 | 梅塞尔集团有限公司 | 用气体充装压力容器的方法 |
WO2005121632A1 (en) * | 2004-06-11 | 2005-12-22 | Air Liquide Deutschland Gmbh | Filling of pressure vessels with cryogenically solidified gas |
US20080307800A1 (en) * | 2007-06-14 | 2008-12-18 | Arbel Medical Ltd. | Siphon for Delivery of Liquid Cryogen from Dewar Flask |
CN101509598A (zh) * | 2009-03-23 | 2009-08-19 | 江苏工业学院 | 一种液氮超低温液体输送装置 |
EP2466187A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 | 2012-06-20 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | A gas storage container |
EP2652385A2 (en) | 2010-12-16 | 2013-10-23 | Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. | A process for filling a gas storage container |
-
2010
- 2010-12-16 EP EP10195461A patent/EP2466186A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-12-12 JP JP2013543685A patent/JP2014503769A/ja active Pending
- 2011-12-12 WO PCT/EP2011/072457 patent/WO2012080173A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-12-12 EP EP11794737.4A patent/EP2652384A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-12-12 US US13/993,796 patent/US20150033674A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-12-12 KR KR1020137018430A patent/KR20130092619A/ko active Search and Examination
- 2011-12-12 CA CA2821153A patent/CA2821153C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-12-12 TW TW100145848A patent/TWI458909B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-12-12 CN CN201180060280XA patent/CN103249984A/zh active Pending
- 2011-12-12 MX MX2013006578A patent/MX2013006578A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2013
- 2013-06-14 CL CL2013001728A patent/CL2013001728A1/es unknown
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080178610A1 (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2008-07-31 | Douglas Whitcher | Portable Liquid Oxygen Storage Unit |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2014503769A (ja) | 2014-02-13 |
EP2652384A1 (en) | 2013-10-23 |
CA2821153C (en) | 2015-06-30 |
MX2013006578A (es) | 2013-08-26 |
KR20130092619A (ko) | 2013-08-20 |
WO2012080173A1 (en) | 2012-06-21 |
US20150033674A1 (en) | 2015-02-05 |
EP2466186A1 (en) | 2012-06-20 |
TW201226762A (en) | 2012-07-01 |
CA2821153A1 (en) | 2012-06-21 |
CL2013001728A1 (es) | 2014-06-20 |
CN103249984A (zh) | 2013-08-14 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
TWI458909B (zh) | 一種氣體儲存容器的填充方法 | |
TWI500875B (zh) | 氣體儲存容器 | |
US10233068B2 (en) | System and method for preserving wine and other perishable substances | |
CA2905486C (en) | System and method for preserving wine and other perishable substances | |
US20140158250A1 (en) | Process for filling gas storage container | |
KR101912981B1 (ko) | 액상식품 및 다량의 압축가스를 위한 용기의 조합체 및 압축가스의 사용 | |
JP2012501415A (ja) | 液体貯蔵タンクからの放出を軽減及び阻止する方法及びシステム | |
FI66480B (fi) | Foerfarande foer fyllande av en termiskt isolerad tank med flytande gas och termiskt isolerad tank av flytande gas | |
CA3054353C (en) | System and method for preserving wine and other perishable substances |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |