TWI425190B - Push system and event push method utilizing track information and computer-readable medium thereof - Google Patents

Description

Pushing system, event pushing method and computer readable recording medium using a track information

The invention relates to a push broadcast system using a track information, an event push broadcast method and a computer readable record medium thereof; in more detail, the push broadcast system, the event push broadcast method and the computer readable record thereof of the present invention The media is based on the user's trajectory.

With the advancement of technology, many mobile devices for improving the quality of human life have developed, and navigation devices are one of the more commonly used ones. The navigation device mainly uses the GPS to perform real-time coordinate positioning through the Global Positioning System (GPS), and at the same time, it is matched with the application software of the map, so that the user can easily plan the path travel. Due to the convenience brought by navigation devices, related technologies have also been developed. For example, navigation devices can transmit real-time traffic information related to road conditions, and even related travel information of the region to navigation. The device is for the user's reference. The way in which such instant messages are transmitted is generally regarded as an application of Push Technology.

At present, most common navigation devices in the market use hardware to update in real time, and software is used to complete the path planning. In detail, most of the navigation devices must use the global positioning system to synchronize the navigation device in real time, so as to judge the moving path of the navigation device and cooperate with the software to achieve the overall path planning behavior of the user. Due to the information related to the path planning, different changes may occur due to user requirements, so the push of the message must be in an up-to-date state.

However, most users have regular starting points, destinations, and related path behaviors during specific time periods, such as daily commute time and path, etc., when the user repeats during a specific time period. When the path is active, the user usually does not need to use the global positioning system in the navigation device for the already familiar path. Therefore, if the user only needs to know the path-related push message, the global positioning system in the navigation device is used. Will result in excess power consumption. Moreover, the current navigation system of the navigation device, its use environment will have a great impact on its accuracy. In short, when the user performs repeated path behavior within a specific time period, if the global positioning system is affected by the weather If the satellite is out of order and other factors hinder, the path planning will be affected at the same time. At this time, since most of the functions of the conventional navigation device need to be used together with the global positioning system, when the global positioning system is blocked, it will be further affected. Push of the message.

Therefore, how to improve the conventional navigation device, when the user only needs to know the push message, use the global power system to cause excess power consumption, and at the same time solve the problem that the global positioning system is hindered by environmental factors and affect the information push. In order to maintain the purpose of the message, this is the goal of the industry.

In order to solve the foregoing problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a push broadcast system using a track information, an event push broadcast method, and a computer readable record medium, which are based on user track information and can be used for a specific period of time. The event information related to the user's trajectory information is transmitted and pushed to the user device of the user, so that the various path planning of the user is more flexible and more immediate.

To accomplish the foregoing objects, the present invention provides an event push method using a track information. The event push method is used in a push broadcast system, and the push broadcast system is adapted to be connected to a user device through a network. The event push method includes the following steps: (a) causing the push system to receive the track information; (b) causing the push system to retrieve event information related to the track information according to the track information; and (c) And causing the push broadcast system to transmit the event information to the user device through the network.

In order to accomplish the foregoing, the present invention further provides a push-and-cast system that utilizes a track information, and the push system is adapted to be coupled to a user device through a network. The push system includes a receiving module, a processing module and a transmitting module. The receiving module is configured to receive the trajectory information. The processing module is configured to retrieve event information related to the trajectory information according to the trajectory information. The transmitting module is configured to transmit the event information to the user device through the network.

To accomplish the foregoing objects, the present invention further provides a computer readable recording medium, the computer readable recording medium storing a program for an event broadcast method of a push system. When the program is loaded into a microprocessor, the microprocessor is caused to execute a plurality of program instructions. The program instructions cause the microprocessor to complete the event push method of the push system described in the preceding paragraph.

According to the above content, the push system, the event push method and the computer readable recording medium of the present invention can receive the trajectory information of the user, and learn the habitual path or/and the predetermined path of the user according to the trajectory information. The event information related to the user track information is then pushed to the user. Since the push system, the event push method and the computer readable recording medium of the present invention can transmit the (push) event information to the user, it is not necessary to cooperate with the global positioning system, so that the conventional navigation device can be solved for the message. The push must match the extra power consumption caused by the global positioning system. In addition, when the conventional navigation system performs the message broadcast, the communication quality caused by the global positioning system is often hindered by the environment, and the message cannot be pushed. The present invention does not need to be equipped with the global positioning system when pushing the message. Therefore, there will be no situation where the message cannot be pushed, and the quality of the message will be greatly improved.

Other objects, advantages, and technical means and embodiments of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the <RTIgt;

The push system, the event push method and the computer readable recording medium of the present invention will be explained below by way of embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention are not intended to limit the invention to any specific environment, application or special mode as described in the embodiments. Therefore, the description of the embodiments is merely illustrative of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention.

Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a schematic diagram of a push system 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The push system 1 is connected to a user device 2 via a network 3, and is additionally connected to an event database 4 and a track database 6. The push system 1 includes a receiving module 11, a processing module 13, a transmitting module 15, and a layer module 17. The user device 2 can be a device connected to the push system 1 through a network, such as a personal computer, a mobile phone, a personal mobile assistant, a navigation device or a notebook computer, and is not limited to the present invention by the illustration of the embodiment. The type of user device that is paired with.

First, a user can transmit a track information 22 of the user to the push system 1 through the network 3 through the user device 2, so that the receiving module 11 of the push system 1 receives the track information 22 and the track information 22 is received. One of the included path messages 222 and a time message 224 are stored in the trajectory database 6. In other embodiments, the push system can be provided with a storage device for storing track information, so that the push system does not need to be connected to the track database. The path message 222 defines a path (not shown), and the time message 224 carries the time when the user has traveled the path or/and the time that the path will pass through the path in the future. It should be noted that the path message 222 can define the path in a number of different manners. For example, the path message 222 can include a plurality of global positioning system coordinates, and the global positioning system coordinates are used to define the path; or the path message 222 can include at least one The street name, by which at least one street name defines the path. For example, if the route message 222 is "from No. 1 of Section 3, Sang-dong Road, Taipei to No. 133, Section 4, Minsheng East Road, Taipei," the path defined by Path Message 222 is "Taipei No. 1 No. 133, Section 4, Shengsheng Road, Taipei, China. Assume that the route message 222 is "From Taipei's Sangsheng East Road and Dunhua North Road to the Guangfu North Road of Minsheng East Road". The path defined by it is also "No.1, Section 3, Section 3, Shengsheng Road, Taipei, Taipei, No. 133, Section 4, Taipei Minsheng East Road." . Assume that the path message 222 is "(25.058180, 121.537370), (25.058466, 121.554902)", and the path defined by it is also "No.1, Section 3, Section 3, Shengsheng Road, Taipei, Taipei, No. 133, Section 4, Taipei Minsheng East Road," (25.058180, 121.537370) is the latitude and longitude coordinates of No. 1 of Section 3, Shengdong Road, Taipei, and (25.058466, 121.554902) is the latitude and longitude coordinates of No. 133, Section 4, Shengsheng Road, Taipei.

If the user device 2 is configured with a global positioning system, when the user carries the user device 2 to move, the global positioning system of the user device 2 can automatically record the user's trajectory information 22, and then automatically or manually trajectory information. 22 is transmitted to the receiving module 11. The user can also transmit the track information 22 to the receiving module 11 of the push system 1 through other devices (such as a computer). In other words, the format in which the receiving module 11 receives the track information 22, how to receive the track information 22, and the track information 22 is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

After the path information 222 and the time message 224 included in the track information 22 are stored in the track database 6, the processing module 13 first extracts the path message 222 and the time message 224 from the track database 6, and then according to the path message 222 and the time message. 224. Capture event information 40 related to the trajectory information 22. Since the track information 22 of the embodiment includes the path message 222 and the time message 224, the processing module 13 can analyze the path behavior that the user is accustomed to according to the path message 222 and the time message 224. After the analysis is completed, the processing module 13 retrieves one event information 40 related to the trajectory information 22 from the event database 4 according to the analysis result, and the event information 40 may be related to one event on the path defined by the path message 222. . For example, assume that the route message 222 is "From No. 1 of Section 3, Sang-dong Road, Taipei to No. 133, Section 4, Minsheng East Road, Taipei", "From Taipei Minsheng East Road and Dunhua North Road to Guangfu North Road, Minsheng East Road" or "(25.058180, 121.537370), (25.058466, 121.554902)", the event information captured by the processing module 13 is related to an event on the path defined by the path message 222. For example, the event may be "Taipei citizen Shengdong Road" The third section will carry out road construction on Friday."

It should be particularly emphasized that the present invention does not limit when the processing module 13 captures the event information 40 associated with the trajectory information 22, as exemplified below. In the first example, after the receiving module 11 receives the track information 22 and stores it in the track database 6, the processing module 13 then retrieves the event information 40 according to the path message 222 and the time message 224. In the second exemplary case, after the event database 4 is updated (that is, after the event information is added), the processing module 13 retrieves the event information 40 according to the path message 222 and the time message 224. In a third exemplary case, the processing module 13 periodically retrieves the event information 40 based on the path message 222 and the time message 224.

In addition, the processing module 13 uses the data mining technology to perform the foregoing analysis and the capture of the event information 40. Since the data mining technology is a technology well known to those skilled in the art, it is not used here. Narration. In addition, the processing module 13 of the present embodiment extracts event information 40 from the event database 4; in other embodiments, the push system can set a storage device for storing event information therein, and thus, the push system is No need to link to the event database.

The push system 1 of the present embodiment is configured with a layer module 17, which is connected to a map database 5. The layer module 17 can retrieve a map related information 170 from the map database 5 according to the track information 22, so that the processing module 13 can capture the event information 40 according to the map related information 170. In detail, when the processing module 13 analyzes the path represented by the path information 222, it is usually required to cooperate with the map related information 170 to assist the judgment, so that the path represented by the path information 222 can be completely and correctly known, and Subsequent event information 40 provided to the user is further selected. When the path message 222 includes a plurality of global positioning system coordinates to define the path, the map related information 170 captured by the layer module 17 can assist the processing module 13 in determining the correct path. Similarly, in other implementations, the push broadcast system can be provided with a storage device for storing map related information, so that the push broadcast system does not need to be connected to the map database 5. In addition, in other implementations, the configuration of the layer module 17 may be omitted in the push system if no particularly accurate results are required or based on performance considerations.

Then, the transmission module 15 transmits the event information 40 captured by the processing module 13 to the user device 2 via the network 3. In the present embodiment, before the transmission of the event information 40 to the user device 2 through the transmission module 15, the push system 1 takes into account the needs of the user device 2, that is, the data format acceptable to the user device 2. Specifically, the receiving module 11 of the push system 1 can receive a data format request (not shown) from the user device 2, and the transmitting module 15 transmits the event information 40 to the user device 2 according to the data format requirement. For example, when the user device 2 has image or voice processing capabilities, the data format request may be required to require the push system 1 to use format data such as images or voices when transmitting data; or, when the user device 2 For reasons of power saving, the data format requirement is required to require the push system 1 to transmit only text materials such as plain text or newsletters. In other implementations, if the user device can process various data formats, the receiving module 11 of the push system 1 does not need to receive the data format requirements of the user device.

In the present embodiment, the push broadcast system 1 also considers the push time for transmitting the event information 40 to the user device 2 before transmitting the event information 40 to the user device 2 through the transport module 15. Specifically, the processing module 13 can determine the push time by using one of the following two methods, or both.

The first method utilizes the information contained in the time message 224. In detail, since the time message 224 of the trajectory information 22 carries the time when the user wants to travel through the path or/and the time that the path has been traveled, the processing module 13 can determine a push time according to the time message 224 ( Not shown). In addition, since the event information 40 is related to an event that will occur in the future on one of the paths, the processing module 13 sets the push time to some time or some time before the time the event occurred. For example, when the time message 224 contains "every Monday to Friday night from 6:00 to 7:00", the event is "road construction" and the event will occur in the future as "the next Monday night six Click, the processing time determined by the processing module 13 can be "6:00 to 7:00 on Friday night of this week." In addition to taking into account the behavior pattern of the user's "every Monday to Friday night 6:00 to 7:00", the time of the event will also take into account the time of the event (the time of the launch is earlier than the time of the event). Thereafter, the transmission module 15 of the push system 1 facilitates the push time and transmits the event information 40 to the user device 2 via the network 3. Following the previous example, when the user device 2 is connected to the push system 1 from 6 pm to 7 pm this Friday, since the push time is at this time, the push system 1 utilizes the "road construction" event. Different methods (for example, mobile phone newsletters, image data, etc.) are transmitted to the user device 2. In this way, the user can know the "road construction" event through the display screen on the user device 2 before the "road construction" event, and the subsequent planning. The processing module 13 can also use data mining technology to determine the launch time, and the details of the data mining technology are not described here.

When the second time is used to determine the push time, the receiving module 11 of the push system 1 first receives a predetermined time information (not shown), and the processing module 13 determines the push according to a predetermined time period of the predetermined time information. The broadcast time, for example, the processing module 13 may determine that the push time is a predetermined time contained in the predetermined time information. Taking the above-mentioned "road construction" event as an illustration, assuming that the time set in the preset time information is "noon every day", the processing time determined by the processing module 13 can be "noon every day before next Monday night". Therefore, the transmission module 15 of the push system 1 facilitates transmitting event information to the user device 2 every day at noon.

Through the configuration of the first embodiment, the push system 1 can obtain the trajectory information 22 of the user. Since the trajectory information 22 carries the path traveled by the user and the time when the user has traveled through the path or/and the time that the user will travel through the path, the push system 1 can know the user's behavior pattern. The push system 1 then retrieves event information 40 related to one of the events on the path according to the user's behavior pattern, and transmits the event information 40 to the user device 2. Since the type of event information stored in the event database 4 can cover road conditions, auctions, etc., the user can know the road condition of the route or the auction activity on the route through the event information 40, etc. The location determines its path of movement, such as avoiding roads for construction or participating in an auction.

The second embodiment is an event promotion method according to the present invention. For the flowchart, please refer to FIG. The method of the second embodiment is for a push broadcast system (for example, the push broadcast system 1 of the first embodiment), and the push broadcast system is connected to a user device through a network. The detailed steps of the event paging method of the second embodiment are as follows.

First, step 201 is executed to enable the push system to receive one of the user's track information from the user device or a computer. Then, step 202 is executed to enable the push system to store a path message and a time message included in the track information, wherein the path message defines a path, and the time message carries the time when the user travels through the path. In particular, the path message can define the path definition in a number of different ways, for example, using a plurality of coordinates that can be manually entered into the global positioning system, or defined using at least one street name. Assuming that the user device is configured with a global positioning system, the user device can utilize its global positioning system to automatically capture the global positioning system coordinates of the path; and the time message can be the time or/and the user wants to travel through the path. The time that has passed the path.

Next, the event pushing method performs step 203 to enable the push system to receive a data format request of the user device, thereby determining how to transmit the event information to the user device later. For example, when the user device has image or voice processing capability, the data format request may be required to require the push system to use format data such as images or voices when transmitting data later; the user device It is also possible to request that the push system only transmit text materials such as plain text or newsletters through the data format requirements. The event push method then performs step 204 to cause the push system to receive a predetermined time information, the predetermined time information carrying a predetermined time indicating a time when the user desires to receive the event information. Thereafter, the event push method performs step 205 to decide to transmit one of the event information push times. Specifically, step 205 determines the push time based on a predetermined time set by the predetermined time information, for example, the push time is a predetermined time.

Then, step 206 is executed to enable the push broadcast system to retrieve a map related information according to the trajectory information. The event push method can use the map related information to assist the judgment when the path represented by the path message is subsequently analyzed, so that the road condition information can be more completely known. Then, the event pushing method further performs step 207 to enable the pushing system to retrieve event information related to the track information according to the track information and the map related information. The event information is related to one of the events on the path defined by the path message. Specifically, step 207 uses data mining technology to retrieve the event information related to the path information and the time information included in the track information. It should be noted that in other implementation manners, the event pushing method may omit the step 206, and before the step 206 is omitted, the step 207 only retrieves the event information according to the trajectory information. Then, step 208 is executed to enable the push system to transmit the event information to the user device through the network at the push time according to the data format requirement to complete the push of the event information.

After the event is pushed, in step 208, step 209 is performed to wait for a predetermined length of time, such as one day or one week. Then, step 210 is performed to determine whether the event database has been updated. Assuming that the event database has been updated, the event push method repeats step 207 to retrieve the event information. Assuming that the result of step 210 is no, the event push method then performs step 209, and then waits for a predetermined length of time, and then determines whether the event database is updated again.

In other implementations, the event push method may omit step 203. If step 203 is omitted, when the event push method performs step 208, the event information will not be transmitted according to the data format requirement, but the event information will be transmitted in the preset data format. In some other implementations, step 204 may be omitted. At this time, step 205 will determine the push time according to the time information. In addition, the event pushing method may end all operations after the step 208 is performed (ie, steps 209 and 210 are not performed), so that the event pushing method will only extract the event information once.

In addition to the above steps and functions, the second embodiment can also perform all the operations of the push system 1 of the first embodiment, and also has the functions of the push system 1 of the first embodiment. Those skilled in the art can directly understand how the second embodiment is based on the above-described first embodiment of the push system 1 to perform such operations and functions, and thus will not be described again.

The foregoing method can also be implemented by using a computer readable recording medium. The computer can read a program for recording an event in the recording medium. After these programs are loaded into a microprocessor, a plurality of program instructions are respectively executed to cause the microprocessor to perform the steps of the second embodiment described above. The computer readable recording medium can be a floppy disk, a hard disk, a compact disk, a flash drive, a magnetic tape, a database accessible by the network, or a storage medium that can be easily thought of by the same person.

In summary, the push system and the event push method of the present invention and the computer readable record medium can receive the user's track information from a computer or a user device, that is, the user plans or habits. Sexual path settings, and capture event information related to the trajectory information, and then transmit it to the user device. In this way, even if the user device is not equipped with the global positioning system, or the user turns off the global positioning system configured by the user device, the push system can timely transmit the event information to the user device through the network, and then use Based on the event information, it is determined whether to participate in the event indicated by the event information (such as an auction), or to change the path of travel (for example, to advance the construction status). The paging system and the event pushing method of the present invention and the computer readable recording medium enable the user to easily obtain various event information of the traveling route when moving (driving or walking), thereby being able to plan in time It moves the route and thus improves the quality of life.

The embodiments described above are only intended to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, and to explain the technical features of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any changes or equivalents that can be easily made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the invention. The scope of the invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

1. . . Push system

11. . . Receiving module

13. . . Processing module

15. . . Transfer module

17. . . Layer module

170. . . Map related information

2. . . User device

twenty two. . . Track information

222. . . Path message

224. . . Time message

3. . . network

4. . . Event database

40. . . Event information

5. . . Map database

6. . . Trajectory database

1 is a schematic diagram depicting a push system of the first embodiment;

Fig. 2 is a flow chart depicting an event launching method of the second embodiment.

Claims (33)

An event push method using a track information, the event push method is used in a push broadcast system, and the push broadcast system is adapted to be connected to a user device through a network, and the event push method includes The following steps: (a) causing the push system to receive the track information; (b) causing the push system to retrieve event information related to the track information based on the track information; and (c) causing the push system The event information is transmitted to the user device through the network. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the following steps _: (d) causing the push system to store a path message and a time message included in the track information; wherein the path message defines a path, The time message carries the time the user traveled through the path, and the event information is related to an event on the path. The method of claim 2, wherein the step (b) causes the push system to perform the data mining technique, the path information recorded in the step (d), and the time message. Capture of event information. The method according to claim 2, further comprising the following steps: (e) before step (c), causing the push system to determine a push time according to the time message; wherein, step (c) is The push system transmits the event information to the user device at the push time. The event pushing method of claim 2, further comprising the steps of: (e) causing the push system to receive a predetermined time information before the step (c); and (f) causing the push system to be based on the predetermined The predetermined time of the time information determines a push time; wherein the step (c) causes the push system to transmit the event information to the user device at the push time. The event paging method of claim 2, wherein the path message comprises a plurality of Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates, the global positioning system coordinates defining the path. The event pushing method of claim 2, wherein the path message includes at least one street name, the at least one street name defining the path. The event pushing method according to claim 1, further comprising the following steps: (d) before step (b), causing the pushing system to retrieve a map related information according to the trajectory information; wherein, step (b) is further According to the information related to the map, the event information is captured. The event push method of claim 1, wherein the push system is linked to an event database, and the step (b) is to retrieve the event information from the event database. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of: (d) prior to step (c), causing the push system to receive a data format request of the user device; wherein, step (c) The push system is configured to transmit the event information to the user device according to the data format request. The event push method of claim 1, wherein the step (a) causes the push system to receive the track information from one of the user device and a computer. A push-and-cast system utilizing a track information is adapted to be coupled to a user device through a network. The push system includes: a receiving module for receiving the track information; and a processing module for The track information captures event information related to the track information; and a transmission module for transmitting the event information to the user device through the network. The push system of claim 12, wherein the push system is coupled to a track database, and the receiving module is configured to store a path message and a time message included in the track information in the track database. The path message defines a path that carries the time when the user travels through the path, and the event information is related to an event on the path. The paging system of claim 13, wherein the processing module is further configured to retrieve the path information and the time message from the trajectory database, and perform data exploration technology according to the path information and the time information. The capture of the event information. The push system of claim 13, wherein the processing module is further configured to determine a push time according to the time message, and the transmitting module transmits the event information to the user device at the push time. The paging system of claim 13, wherein the receiving module is further configured to receive a predetermined time information, and the processing module is further configured to determine a paging time according to a predetermined time period of the predetermined time information, The transmitting module transmits the event information to the user device at the push time. The push system of claim 13, wherein the path message comprises a plurality of global positioning system coordinates, the global positioning system coordinates defining the path. The push system of claim 13, wherein the path message includes at least one street name, the at least one street name defining the path. The push system of claim 12, further comprising: a layer module for extracting a map related information according to the track information; wherein the processing module further extracts the event information according to the map related information. The push broadcast system of claim 12, wherein the push broadcast system is linked to an event database, and the processing module retrieves the event information from the event database. The device of claim 12, wherein the receiving module is further configured to receive a data format request of the user device, and the transmitting module transmits the event information to the user device according to the data format request. The push system of claim 12, wherein the receiving module receives the track information from one of the user device and a computer. A computer-readable recording medium for storing a computer program, and a push-and-play system is connectable to a user device through a network, and the computer program is loaded into the push system to perform an event push method. The program includes: a program command A for causing the push system to receive a track information; and a program command B for causing the push system to retrieve event information related to the track information according to the track information; and the program command C, The push broadcast system transmits the event information to the user device through the network. The computer-readable recording medium of claim 23, wherein the computer program further comprises: a program command D, wherein the push system stores a path message and a time message included in the track information; wherein the path message Defining a path, the time message carries the time the user traveled through the path, and the event information is related to an event on the path. The computer-readable recording medium as claimed in claim 24, wherein the program instruction B is based on the data exploration technology, and the event information is captured according to the path information recorded by the program instruction D and the time information. The computer-readable recording medium of claim 24, wherein the computer program further comprises: a program command E, wherein the push broadcast system determines a push time according to the time message before executing the program command C; wherein The program command C causes the push system to transmit the event information to the user device at the push time. The computer-readable recording medium of claim 24, wherein the computer program further comprises: a program command E for causing the push system to receive a predetermined time information before executing the program command C; and the program command F, The push system determines a push time based on a predetermined time period of the predetermined time information; wherein the program command C causes the push system to transmit the event information to the user device at the push time. The computer readable recording medium of claim 24, wherein the path message comprises a plurality of global positioning system coordinates, the global positioning system coordinates defining the path. The computer-readable recording medium of claim 24, wherein the path message includes at least one street name, the at least one street name defining the path. The computer readable recording medium as claimed in claim 23, wherein the computer program further comprises: a program instruction D, wherein the pushing system acquires a map related information according to the trajectory information before executing the program instruction B; The program command B further causes the push broadcast system to retrieve the event information according to the map related information. The computer-readable recording medium of claim 23, wherein the push system is linked to an event database, and the program command B retrieves the event information from the event database. The computer-readable recording medium of claim 23, wherein the computer program further comprises: a program instruction D, wherein the downloading system receives a data format request of the user device before executing the program command C; The program command C causes the push broadcast system to transmit the event information to the user device according to the data format request. The computer-readable recording medium of claim 23, wherein the program command A causes the push system to receive the track information from one of the user device and a computer.