TWI417374B - Rapid Pyrolysis System of Biogenic Raw Material into Biomass Oil and Its - Google Patents

Description

Rapid pyrolysis system for converting raw material into raw oil and method thereof

The invention relates to a rapid pyrolysis system for raw materials and a method thereof, in particular to a rapid pyrolysis reaction system capable of mass producing liquid raw oil.

In recent years, international energy (especially oil) prices have been rising, and energy demand has become increasingly tight. Taiwan's natural resources are extremely scarce, and the energy needed for industry and people's livelihood is almost entirely dependent on imports. Therefore, it is important for the development of any form of renewable energy. Renewable energy is a kind of green energy and does not harm environmental pollution. Among them, biomass is most suitable for conversion into liquid fuels and chemicals. Biomass raw materials include various types of organic waste, such as agricultural or forestry waste, kitchen waste, animal waste, waste tires, etc., and the liquid fuel, also known as bio-oil, can be used. Further refined into high-value fuels such as bio-diesel. This process technology for converting raw materials into raw oil can not only convert waste into valuable energy, but also achieve the environmental benefits of energy recycling and recycling and the environmental protection of waste reduction.

The current technology for converting raw materials can be roughly distinguished as follows:

1. Bio/chemical conversion: production of gasoline (gasohol), bio-gas or biodiesel by processes such as fermentation, esterification, etc.; or use of biological species The method produces a fuel such as hydrogen or methanol.

2. Thermal conversion: Syngas or fuel gas is produced by direct combustion, pyrolysis or gasification.

The pyrolysis technology mainly refers to the solid fuel raw material or waste, which is directly made into a liquid fuel by thermal pyrolysis. The procedure is also called liquefaction. If properly purified, the calorific value of the liquid fuel can be effectively increased, increasing its availability. At present, the rapid pyrolysis technology is developed to rapidly heat raw materials or waste to form gas and solid coke under high temperature and anoxic conditions, and rapidly condense the generated gas to obtain raw oil; The resulting solid coke is further processed to obtain high value-added chemicals. The main operating temperature for rapid pyrolysis is slightly higher than the conventional pyrolysis method, which is between 450 ° C and 600 ° C and the stagnation time is less than 1 second. Due to rapid temperature rise and rapid cooling, secondary cracking can be avoided, so that liquid production can be obtained by about 60 to 75 wt%.

The advantages of derivative fuel produced by pyrolysis technology are high calorific value and convenient storage. It can be used as an auxiliary fuel for boilers or directly used in generators, which meets the environmental and economic benefits of waste recycling and clean production. The technology of biomass raw materials or waste pyrolysis to produce synthetic fuels is not fully commercialized, but rapid pyrolysis technology will be the future development trend.

The rapid pyrolysis reactor developed abroad has a vortex reactor, an entrained flow reactor, a rotating cone reactor, a vacuum transported bed, A variety of circulating fluid beds and the like. At present, the rapid pyrolysis reaction system can produce 50~75 wt% of liquid biomass oil, 15~25 wt% of coke and 10-20 wt% of non-condensable gas, but there are still some shortcomings in the rapid pyrolysis reaction equipment, such as large energy loss. The price is expensive, the equipment is difficult to expand, the heat carrier (sand) and the raw material need to be flowed into the nitrogen gas for fluidization, the heat carrier and the coke (char) are not easy to separate, the feed is prone to suspension, hanging material or condensed into blocks to cause blockage. And other issues.

Therefore, how to develop a biomass raw material pyrolysis system to improve the shortcomings of the prior art, reduce the manufacturing cost of the pyrolysis system, and improve the production efficiency and quality of the raw oil is the disclosure of the present invention.

The inventor felt that the above-mentioned rapid pyrolysis reaction system was not perfected, exhausted his mental research and overcoming, and based on his years of experience in the research and development of this technology, he developed a raw material to be converted into raw oil. Rapid pyrolysis system and its method, in order to achieve the purpose of reducing manufacturing costs and improving production efficiency and quality of raw oil.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a raw material pyrolysis system comprising: a feeding device; a control driving device for controlling the feeding rate of the raw material; and a pyrolysis reaction device for Rapid pyrolysis of the raw material; a gas/solid separation device for separating gases and solids generated after pyrolysis of the raw material; a catalyst deoxidizing device for adding catalyst to simultaneously synthesize raw oil a catalytic reaction to increase the calorific value of the raw oil; and a condensing device for condensing the separated gas to produce a liquid biomass oil and a non-condensable gas. The above system, further comprising a temperature monitoring device for controlling the pyrolysis temperature of the raw material.

In the above system, the feeding device comprises a storage hopper, a stirring device and a feeding device.

In the above system, the agitating device comprises a driver, a flexible member and a crank swing shaft.

The above system, wherein the feeding device comprises a driver, a flexible member and a feed screw.

The above system, wherein when the raw material enters the hopper, the actuator drives a crank swing shaft with the flexible member while the other flexible member drives the other feed screw and feeds the raw material into the heat The reaction device is solved.

In the above system, the control driving device comprises a driver, a flexible component, a push-pull square lead screw and a controller.

In the above system, the driver drives the push-type square lead screw to feed the flexible component, and controls the rotational speed of the driver with the controller.

The above system, wherein the drive is a reducer motor.

The above system wherein the flexible element is a chain.

The above system, wherein the controller is a variable frequency controller.

In the above system, the lead screw is a push-pitch squared pitch.

The above system, wherein the lead screw further comprises two ceramic bearings for supporting, fixing and transmitting.

In the above system, the material of the lead screw is a ductile iron having high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance and low coefficient of thermal expansion.

In the above system, the pyrolysis reaction apparatus comprises a burner and a generated gas storage tank.

In the above system, the burner is bent into a circular shape by a stainless steel pipe, and is drilled at every 90 degrees of the circular pipe, and a burner, a nozzle and a connecting pipe are disposed.

The above system, wherein the gas/solids separation device is a cyclone.

In the above system, the gas output line of the cyclone is deep inside the cyclone.

In the above system, the catalyst deoxidizing device is used for adding a catalyst to simultaneously perform a catalytic reaction of a raw oil.

The above system, wherein the condensing device is a liquid condenser.

The invention further provides a method for pyrolyzing raw material to produce liquid biomass oil, which uses the above system, and controls the pyrolysis temperature to be 460-600 ° C, the feeding speed is 15-30 rpm, and the condensation temperature is 5. Below °C.

Thereby, the biomass raw material pyrolysis system and method of the invention can reduce the volume of the device, improve the production efficiency and the product quality by integrating the control driving device, the pyrolysis reaction device, the gas/solid separation device and the catalytic deoxidizing device. Reduce the cost of manufacturing the pyrolysis equipment.

In order to fully understand the objects, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail by the following specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing a rapid pyrolysis system for raw material, comprising: a feeding device 1 for continuously supplying raw materials; and a control driving device 2, for controlling the feed rate of the raw material; a pyrolysis reaction device 3 for pyrolyzing the raw material; a gas/solid separation device 4 for separating pyrolysis of the raw material a gas and solid generated; a catalyst deoxidizing device 5 for synchronizing the catalytic reaction of the raw oil with a catalyst; and a condensing device 6 for condensing the separated gas to form a liquid raw oil And no condensation gas.

The pyrolysis system further comprises a non-condensable gas recovery reservoir 7 for storing the non-condensable gas for use as a fuel for syngas; a fuel supply device 8 for supplying the pyrolysis reactor 3 for combustion The source of fuel, such as the use of gas as a fuel for combustion; a condensate tank 9 for providing condensed water of the condensing device 6, such as using ice water as condensed water, and pumping ice water into the condensing device 6 by means of a motor To maintain the condensation temperature below 5 ° C, then the ice water is returned to the condensation water tank 9 to circulate; and a temperature monitoring device 10 for controlling the pyrolysis temperature of the raw material.

The main elements and functions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below.

Feeding device 1: Referring to Fig. 2, the feeding device 1 feeds the raw material into the pyrolysis reaction device 3 by means of a stirring device and a feeding device. The stirring device can avoid problems such as low density of raw materials, large angle of repose, and poor fluidity. In the conventional feeding system, the storage drum is easy to form suspension materials and wall hanging materials, which causes problems such as unstable feeding or material suspension.

Control drive device 2: Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, the control drive device 2 includes: a driver 11, a flexible component 12, a push-type square lead screw 20 and a controller 13; Using a reducer motor (reduction ratio e=1/20), and using the chain as the flexible element 12, the push-type square lead screw 20 is driven to feed, and the frequency converter is used as the controller 13 to control the speed of the reducer motor. And the push-type square lead screw 20 can utilize two ceramic bearings and a heat-proof gasket to support, fix and drive, and achieve the purpose of heat insulation and lifting gas leakage prevention. The push-type square lead screw 20 is made of self-developed ductile iron with high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance and low thermal expansion coefficient, which is beneficial to the high temperature pyrolysis of raw materials and avoids the problem of high temperature warpage.

Pyrolysis reaction device 3: Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, the pyrolysis reaction device 3 is composed of a plurality of burners 21, wherein the burner 21 is bent into a circular shape by a stainless steel tube, and Drilling holes at every 90 degrees of the round pipe, and then assembling a heating burner composed of a quick burner, a nozzle and a connecting pipe, the advantages of uniform heating at a high temperature and rapid heating rate.

Gas/solids separation device 4: The volatile gas generated by pyrolysis contains a small amount of char (char) and ash (ash). If not properly separated, it will often cause blockage of the piping system, and carbon in coke and ash will produce two. The secondary pyrolysis phenomenon affects the production of raw oil and increases the formation of non-condensable gases. The general method of separation is to use a swirl fan to blow the volatile gas into the drum 23 having a conical bottom in a tangential direction, throwing the coke and ash into the outer circumference, and colliding with the wall by the cone 23 after colliding with the wall. The outlet at the bottom of the bottom is discharged, and the volatile gas is discharged from the open end of the gas output line 22 at the center of the drum 23. The gas output line 22 of the swirler is deep inside the swirler to prevent coke and ash from entering the gas. For output line 22, please refer to Figure 4.

Catalyst deoxidation device 5: After the separation of the volatile gas, the catalytic reaction of the raw oil is simultaneously carried out by adding the catalyst on the line, and the oxygen in the volatile gas is removed to increase the calorific value of the raw oil, please refer to the fourth Figure.

Condensing device 6: The volatile gas generated by pyrolysis will rapidly form liquid biomass oil and non-condensable gas under condensing conditions. However, the temperature and time of the volatile gas generated by pyrolysis to the condensation stage directly affect the yield and composition of the raw oil, because the volatile gas and the raw oil are liable to cause secondary pyrolysis under high temperature conditions. Therefore, the more non-condensed gas is generated, the production of bio-oil is greatly reduced. The condensing device 6 of the present invention can utilize the liquid condensed water to rapidly condense the volatile gas, and the condensation temperature is controlled below 5 ° C to increase the yield of the liquid biomass oil.

Example of rapid pyrolysis of raw materials

In the following, the steps of the pyrolysis experiment of the raw material and the process parameters of the raw material raw material pyrolysis experiment are carried out by using the raw material of the present invention to be converted into a rapid pyrolysis equipment system of the raw oil.

The raw materials are rapidly pyrolyzed into liquefied oils, and the selection of process parameters is the main key factor affecting their reaction efficiency and productivity. The most important factors causing low productivity of raw oil include: too high pyrolysis temperature, too slow heating rate, too long residence time of volatile gas, and too long condensation time, resulting in secondary pyrolysis of volatile gas. All are non-condensable gases. On the other hand, when the water content and oxygen content in the raw oil component are too high, the calorific value, the burning point, and the compositional properties are unstable.

1. Particle size of raw material: In order to increase the heating rate and obtain higher productivity, the particle size of the raw material after pulverization is very important. When the particle size is less than 1 mm, the pyrolysis process belongs to the kinetic reaction mechanism; When the particle size is larger than 1 mm, the pyrolysis process belongs to heat transfer and mass transfer control, so the particle size is an important factor affecting the pyrolysis reaction process. When the particle size exceeds a certain range, the productivity of the raw oil will decrease. The reason is that when the particles are large, the internal volatile diffusion is slow, and the gas phase product stays longer, so that more of the raw oil is heated. Solve as a small molecule of vapor. Therefore, in the examples, eucalyptus was used as a raw material for raw materials, and the particle size parameter level was set to 1.0 mm or less.

2. Drying raw material: When the water content of the raw oil is too high, the calorific value will decrease, causing the deterioration of the raw oil and corroding the pipeline and the collector. Therefore, the collected raw materials must be dried first, preferably The water content is controlled to be less than 10%. Therefore, the examples use eucalyptus as a raw material for raw materials, and the drying time is about 3 to 7 hours.

3. Feeding and conveying rate: The feed stability and conveying rate will affect the production value of the pyrolysis reaction, while the feed speed of the embodiment is 15~30 rpm, preferably 20~. 25 rpm.

4. Pyrolysis temperature: When the low temperature slow pyrolysis temperature is lower than 350 °C, the decomposition products are mostly coke; the medium temperature flash (1000 °C / s) and the pyrolysis temperature is controlled at 460 ~ 600 °C, The formation of crude oil is higher, reaching 50~75 wt%; when the high temperature rapid pyrolysis temperature is 700~1200 °C, the product is mostly non-condensing gas. In the examples, eucalyptus was used as raw material for raw materials, and the pyrolysis temperature was controlled between 460 and 560 ° C. The test results are shown in Table 1.

The invention can achieve the effects of reducing the volume of the device, improving the production efficiency and product quality, and reducing the manufacturing cost of the pyrolysis equipment by integrating the control driving device, the pyrolysis reaction device, the gas/solid separation device and the catalytic deoxidizing device; In terms of availability, the products derived from the present invention can fully satisfy the needs of the current market. As described above, the present invention fully complies with the three requirements of the patent: novelty, advancement, and industrial applicability.

The invention has been described above in terms of the preferred embodiments, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It should be noted that variations and permutations equivalent to those of the embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the following claims.

1. . . Feeding device

2. . . Control drive

3. . . Pyrolysis reactor

4. . . Gas/solid separation unit

5. . . Catalytic deoxidizer

6. . . Condensing device

7. . . Non-condensable gas recovery cartridge

8. . . Fuel supply device

9. . . Condensing sink

10. . . Temperature monitoring device

11. . . driver

12. . . Flexible element

13. . . Controller

14. . . Crank swing axis

15. . . driver

16. . . Flexible element

17. . . driver

18. . . Flexible element

19. . . Feed screw

20. . . Push-type square lead screw

twenty one. . . burner

twenty two. . . Gas output line

twenty three. . . Drum

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a preferred embodiment of the invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic view of a feeding device in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a schematic view showing a control driving device and a pyrolysis reaction device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a schematic view of a gas/solids separation apparatus and a catalyst deoxidation apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

1. . . Feeding device

2. . . Control drive

3. . . Pyrolysis reactor

4. . . Gas/solid separation unit

5. . . Catalytic deoxidizer

6. . . Condensing device

7. . . Non-condensable gas recovery cartridge

8. . . Fuel supply device

9. . . Condensing sink

10. . . Temperature monitoring device

11. . . driver

12. . . Flexible element

13. . . Controller

twenty one. . . burner

Claims (2)

A rapid pyrolysis system for converting a raw material into a raw oil, comprising: a feeding device for continuously supplying raw materials; and a control driving device for controlling a feeding rate of the raw material; a pyrolysis reaction device for pyrolyzing the raw material; a gas/solid separation device for separating gas and solid generated after pyrolysis of the raw material; a catalyst deoxidizing device disposed on the gas Above the solid separation device, for adding a catalyst to simultaneously perform a catalytic reaction of the raw oil; and a condensing device for condensing the separated gas to generate a liquid biomass oil and a non-condensable gas; wherein The control driving device comprises a driver, a flexible component, a lead screw and a controller; wherein the driver is a reducer motor, the lead screw is driven by the flexible component, and the controller is controlled by the controller The speed of the driver; the flexible component is a chain; the controller is a frequency conversion controller; the lead screw is of a push-pull squared pitch, and the second ceramic bearing is used for supporting, fixing and Move, and the use of screw-based conductive material of high temperature, oxidation and ductile low thermal expansion coefficient. A rapid pyrolysis method for converting a raw material into a raw oil by pulverizing the raw material to an average particle diameter of 1 mm or less by using a system as described in the first paragraph of the patent application, after drying, The pyrolysis temperature is 460~600 °C, the feed speed is 15~30 rpm, and the condensing temperature is below 5 °C, the raw material can be converted into raw oil.