TWI407812B - Node selection and management methods and systems, and computer program products thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Node selection and management methods and systems are provided. First, evaluation information is received from at least one node, wherein the evaluation information includes at least a confidence value. Each node can maintain the confidence value according to whether at least one service switch notification is received within a predefined interval. Then, at least one of the nodes is selected to connect according to the confidence values received from the respective nodes.

Description

Peer selection and management method and system, and computer program products

The present invention relates to a peer selection and management method and system, and in particular to a method and system for selecting a node based on evaluation information of each node self-assessment, and a method and system for generating information.

With the popularity of electronic devices, such as computers and networks, related architectures and applications have also received increasing attention. For example, today's applications designed with the same architecture are quite common.

In a peer-to-peer architecture, there are usually more than one peer node that can have the information that other nodes want. Since the capabilities of these peer nodes are not necessarily the same, if a peer node with insufficient capabilities is selected to request a service, the user of the node that needs the service needs to spend more waiting time to receive the data. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately select peer nodes that can provide the required services. In addition, if the method of peer selection requires a lot of processing resources to communicate with time and information, the demand resources and waiting time of the node will also increase, resulting in the burden and inconvenience of the node. Therefore, it should also reduce the time and cost of selection without sacrificing accuracy.

In general, the choice of peer nodes is usually based on one or several network energy measures to represent the possible service capabilities of a data provider. Common network energy scales include Hop Count, Round Trip Time (RTT), and Available Bandwidth. The nodes that need the service can select one of them to connect to obtain relevant information or services by measuring the network energy efficiency of the different nodes.

However, it must be reminded that in some cases, nodes that are close together may not be able to provide services with higher bandwidth or less delay. In some cases, a small delay does not necessarily mean that its available bandwidth is large. There are many factors that affect the available bandwidth. For example, the maximum transmission speed of the network hardware, the burden status of the node itself, etc. can affect the available bandwidth. In addition, in some cases, due to the rapid changes in network conditions and behavior of peer nodes, the results of measurements or observations do not indicate trends in these changes. On the other hand, as mentioned above, since the nodes that need services need to measure different network energy levels, the nodes will spend a lot of resources to perform the above measurements.

In view of this, the present invention provides a peer selection and management method and system.

A peer selection method of an embodiment of the present invention can be applied to an electronic device. First, an evaluation information is received by at least one node. Among them, the assessment information includes at least a confidence value. Each node maintains a confidence value based on whether at least one handover service notification is received within a predetermined time range. Then, according to the confidence value received by each node, at least one first specific node in the node is selected to perform the connection.

A peer selection system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention may be applied to an electronic device including a receiving unit and a processing unit. The receiving unit receives an evaluation information from at least one node. Among them, the assessment information includes at least a confidence value. Each node maintains a confidence value based on whether at least one handover service notification is received within a predetermined time range. The processing unit selects at least one first specific node in the node to perform the connection according to the confidence value received by each node.

In some embodiments, one of the links of the respective first particular nodes may be monitored for quality of service. When the quality of service is lower than a predetermined quality, the handover service notification is transmitted to the first specific node. In some embodiments, the quality of service may include a bandwidth, a transmission delay, a variability in bandwidth, or a variability in transmission delay between the electronic device and the first particular node.

A peer management method of an embodiment of the present invention. First, at least one node is provided for linking. Next, it is determined whether at least one handover service notification is received by the node. When the handover service notification is not received, a confidence value is increased. When the notification of the switching service is received, the confidence value is reduced.

A peer management system of an embodiment of the present invention includes at least one processing unit. The processing unit provides at least one node to connect, and determines whether the node receives at least one handover service notification. When the handover service notification is not received, the processing unit increments a confidence value. When receiving the handover service notification, the processing unit reduces the confidence value.

In some embodiments, each node maintains a confidence value in accordance with an Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease algorithm. The confidence value is incremented when the handover service notification is not received, and the confidence value is multiplied when the handover service notification is received.

The above method of the present invention can exist in a coded manner. When the code is loaded and executed by the machine, the machine becomes the means for practicing the invention.

The above described objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description and appended claims appended claims

Figure 1 shows a peer selection system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. A peer selection system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention may include a plurality of nodes (110, 120, 130, 140). Each node can be coupled to each other through a network 150 by wire or wirelessly to obtain relevant information and determine whether to connect to obtain related information and services.

Figure 2 shows a node in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The node 110 according to an embodiment of the present invention may be a processor-based electronic device such as a computer system, a portable device, or the like. The node 110 can include at least a receiving unit 111, a storage unit 112, and a processing unit 113. The receiving unit 111 can be a network access unit for routing data to different nodes through the network. The storage unit 112 may include evaluation information 112a that is received by itself and/or by other nodes. In some embodiments, the assessment information 112a can include a confidence value and/or a load condition. The load condition can be the number of nodes that node 110 is currently serving. The maintenance and use of the evaluation information 112a will be described later. The processing unit 113 is configured to perform the peer selection and management method of the present invention, the details of which will be described later.

Figure 3 shows a peer management method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The peer management method according to an embodiment of the present invention can be applied to a processor-based electronic device such as a computer system and a portable device. In this embodiment, the evaluation information will be maintained.

In step S302, the electronic device provides at least one node to connect to provide the node related materials and services. In step S304, it is determined whether a handover service notification is received by the nodes. When the switching service notification is not received (NO in step S304), as in step S306, the confidence value in the evaluation information is increased. When the switching service notification is received (YES in step S304), as in step S308, the confidence value in the evaluation information is decreased. It is worth noting that in some embodiments, the confidence value is maintained in accordance with an Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease algorithm. Wherein, when the handover service notification is not received, the confidence value is incremented, and the confidence value is multiplied when the handover service notification is received. Thereafter, in step S310, it is determined whether a probe request is received by another node. If the probe request has not been received (NO in step S310), the flow returns to step S304 to continue to judge whether or not the handover service notification is received. If the probe request is received (YES in step S310), in step S312, corresponding to the receipt of the probe request, the evaluation information including the confidence value and/or the load status is transmitted to the node transmitting the probe request. Thereafter, the flow returns to step S304 to continue to judge whether or not the handover service notification is received.

It is to be noted that the foregoing embodiment adjusts the confidence value immediately upon receiving the notification of the switching service. However, in some embodiments, the time at which the handover service notification is received may be recorded first, and after receiving the probe request, the handover service notification received within the most recent predetermined time range is retrieved to maintain the confidence value. On the other hand, the foregoing embodiment transmits the evaluation information to the node transmitting the probe request in response to the reception of the probe request. However, in some embodiments, the node may actively broadcast the assessment information to the web.

Figure 5 shows an example of the adjustment of the confidence value. In this example, it is assumed that the adjustment of the confidence value is increased by 1 when it is increased, and divided by 2 when it is decreased. First, when the node receives the probe request at the Now time, he _checks the frequent occurrence of the handover service notification during the period [Now-T _past , Now], where, at the two points T1 and T2, Each of the alternate peer nodes receives a handover notification. Assume that the confidence value at the Now-T _past time is 0. Then, in [Now-T _past , T1], the confidence value grows linearly. At the time of T1, the confidence value fell to half of the original. During the period [T1, T2], confidence increased linearly. At the time of T2, the confidence value becomes half of the original. During the final [T2, Now] period, confidence also grew linearly.

It is worth noting that in some embodiments, time series analysis can be utilized to predict the growth trend of confidence values. For example, the Simple Linear Regression Model is used to analyze the confidence value to get the corresponding trend line. The slope of the trend line can indicate the likelihood of its confidence value. The processed confidence value can be included in the evaluation information sent to the node transmitting the probe request.

Figure 4 shows a peer selection method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The peer selection method according to an embodiment of the present invention can be applied to a processor-based electronic device such as a computer system and a portable device. In this embodiment, at least one of the peer nodes will be selected.

In step S402, an evaluation information is received by at least one node. As previously mentioned, the assessment information can include a confidence value and/or a load condition. The load status may be the number of nodes that the node transmitting the evaluation information is currently serving. It should be noted that in some embodiments, the electronic device may first obtain a network address of one of the foregoing nodes, and then transmit a probe request to each node according to the network address of each node. When the node receives the probe request, it transmits the corresponding evaluation information to the electronic device. In step S404, at least one specific node is selected for linking according to the confidence value in the evaluation information received by each node. It is reminded that in some embodiments, when a predetermined number of evaluation information returned first is received, relevant judgments and selections can be made. Note that in some embodiments, at least one node having the highest or higher confidence value will be selected as the particular node. When the specific node selected is greater than one, the corresponding least load condition can be selected from the selected specific nodes for linking. It is noted that in some embodiments, after a particular node is selected, the electronic device can issue a join request to the particular node selected. When a specific node receives the join request, the electronic device can be added to provide related information and services.

Thereafter, in step S406, the electronic device monitors the quality of service of the link of the corresponding specific node. In some embodiments, the quality of service may include the bandwidth between the electronic device and the particular node, the transmission delay, the variability of the bandwidth, and/or the variability of the transmission delay, and the like. When the service quality is not lower than a predetermined quality (NO in step S408), the flow returns to step S406 to continue monitoring the quality of service of the link. When the quality of service is lower than the predetermined quality (YES in step S408), in step S410, a handover service notification is transmitted to the specific node. It should be noted that, in some embodiments, when the quality of service is lower than the predetermined quality, the electronic device may re-acquire the evaluation information by the node, and reselect the specific node according to the received evaluation information to perform the connection.

Therefore, through the peer selection and management method and system of the present case, each node can maintain its evaluation information according to whether or not the handover service notification transmitted by other nodes is received, and/or can be performed according to the evaluation information of each node self-assessment. Node selection.

The method of the invention, or a particular type or portion thereof, may exist in the form of a code. The code may be included in a physical medium such as a floppy disk, a CD, a hard disk, or any other machine readable (such as computer readable) storage medium, or is not limited to an external computer program product, wherein When the code is loaded and executed by a machine, such as a computer, the machine becomes a device for participating in the present invention. The code can also be transmitted via some transmission medium, such as a wire or cable, fiber optics, or any transmission type, where the machine becomes part of the program when it is received, loaded, and executed by a machine, such as a computer. Invented device. When implemented in a general purpose processing unit, the code combination processing unit provides a unique means of operation similar to application specific logic.

While the present invention has been described in its preferred embodiments, the present invention is not intended to limit the invention, and the present invention may be modified and modified without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope of protection is subject to the definition of the scope of the patent application.

110, 120, 130, 140. . . node

150. . . network

111. . . Receiving unit

112. . . Storage unit

112a. . . Evaluation information

113. . . Processing unit

S302, S304, ..., S312. . . step

S402, S404, ..., S410. . . step

Now-T _past , T1, T2, Now. . . Time point

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing a peer selection system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing nodes in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a flow chart showing a peer management method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a flow chart showing a peer selection method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 5 shows an example of the adjustment of the confidence value.

S402, S404, ..., S410. . . step

Claims (30)

A peer selection method is applicable to an electronic device, comprising the steps of: receiving, by at least one node, an evaluation information, wherein the evaluation information includes at least a confidence value and a processed confidence value, wherein the analyzing is performed according to a time series a confidence value, obtaining a corresponding trend line, and obtaining the processed confidence value according to the slope of the trend line, and each of the at least one node maintains the at least one switching service notification according to a predetermined time range. a confidence value, wherein the handover service notification is a node served by the at least one node, notifying the at least one node to stop the service message because the received service quality is lower than expected; and receiving according to each of the at least one node The confidence value and the confidence value after the processing select at least one of the at least one node to perform the connection. The method for selecting a peer according to claim 1, wherein the quality of service includes a bandwidth between the electronic device and the node, a transmission delay, a variability of the bandwidth, or one of the transmission delays. Variability. For the peer selection method described in claim 1, when the quality of the service is lower than the predetermined quality, the method further comprises the steps of: re-receiving the evaluation information by the at least one node; The confidence value received by a node reselects one of the at least one node and the second specific node to perform the connection. The peer selection method according to claim 1, wherein the node having the highest confidence value among the at least one node is selected as the first A specific node. The method for selecting a peer according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation information further includes a load condition of each of the at least one node, and the method further includes: when the at least one first specific node is selected to be greater than one, A one of the at least one first specific node is selected to be one of the lightest load conditions to perform the connection. The method for selecting a peer as described in claim 1 further includes the steps of: obtaining a network address of each of the at least one node; and transmitting a probe according to the network address of each of the at least one node Requesting to each of the at least one node; wherein each of the at least one node transmits the evaluation information to the electronic device corresponding to receipt of the probe request. The peer selection method of claim 1, wherein the confidence value is increased when each of the at least one node does not receive the handover service notification, and when each of the at least one node receives the handover This confidence value is reduced when the service is notified. The method for selecting peers according to claim 7, wherein each of the at least one nodes maintains the confidence value according to an Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease algorithm, wherein when the confidence value is not received, The self-confidence value is incremented by the switching service notification, and the confidence value is multiplied when the switching service notification is received. A peer management method suitable for an electronic device includes the following steps: Providing at least one node for connection; determining whether the at least one node receives at least one handover service notification; increasing the confidence value when the handover service notification is not received; and reducing the confidence value when receiving the handover service notification And the switching service notification is a node served by the at least one node, notifying the at least one node to stop the service message because the received service quality is lower than expected; receiving a probe request by a third specific node; and corresponding Receiving, by the receiving of the probe request, the evaluation information including the confidence value and the processed confidence value to the third specific node, wherein the confidence value is analyzed according to a time series, and a corresponding trend line is obtained, and The confidence value after the processing is obtained based on the slope of the trend line. The peer management method according to claim 9, wherein the self-confidence value is maintained according to an Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease algorithm, wherein when the handover service notification is not received The self-confidence value is incremented by increment, and the confidence value is multiplied by a multiple when the notification of the switching service is received. The peer management method of claim 9, wherein the electronic device further integrates a load condition into the evaluation information for transmission to the third specific node. The method for managing peers according to claim 9 further includes the steps of: recording a time when the at least one handover service notification is received; and receiving the probe request after receiving the probe request within a predetermined time range The at least one switch service notification to maintain the confidence value. The peer management method of claim 9, wherein the at least one node monitors a service quality of a connection corresponding to the electronic device, and when the service quality is lower than a predetermined quality, transmitting the handover service notification to The electronic device. The peer management method according to claim 13, wherein the service quality includes a bandwidth, a transmission delay, a variability of the bandwidth, or the transmission delay between the at least one node and the electronic device. One degree of variability. A peer selection system is applicable to an electronic device, comprising: a receiving unit, configured to receive an evaluation information by at least one node, wherein the evaluation information includes at least a confidence value and a processed confidence value, wherein, according to the The time series analyzes the self-confidence value, obtains a corresponding trend line, and obtains the processed confidence value according to the slope of the trend line, and each of the at least one node receives at least one switching service according to a predetermined time range. Notifying to maintain the confidence value, wherein the handover service notification is a node served by the at least one node, notifying the at least one node to stop the service message because the received service quality is lower than expected; and a processing unit for And selecting at least one first specific node of the at least one node to perform the connection according to the self-confidence value received by each of the at least one node and the processed confidence value. The peer selection system of claim 15, wherein the quality of service includes a bandwidth between the electronic device and the node, a transmission delay, a variability of the bandwidth, or one of the transmission delays. Variability. For the peer selection system described in claim 15 of the patent application, when the quality of the service is lower than the predetermined quality, the processing unit is further re- The lesser node receives the evaluation information, and according to the confidence value received by each of the at least one node, reselects one of the at least one node and the second specific node to perform the connection. The peer selection system of claim 15, wherein the node having the highest confidence value among the at least one node is selected as the first specific node. The peer selection system of claim 15, wherein the evaluation information further includes a load condition of each of the at least one node, and when the at least one first specific node is selected to be greater than one, the processing unit is further A one of the at least one first specific node is selected to be one of the lightest load conditions to perform the connection. The peer selection system of claim 15, wherein the processing unit further obtains a network address of each of the at least one node, and transmits a network address according to each of the at least one node Detecting a request to each of the at least one node, wherein each of the at least one node transmits the evaluation information to the electronic device corresponding to receipt of the probe request. The peer selection system of claim 15, wherein when the handover service notification is not received, each of the at least one node increases the confidence value, and when the handover service notification is received, each The at least one node reduces the confidence value. The peer selection system of claim 21, wherein each of the at least one node maintains the confidence value according to an Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease algorithm, wherein when the confidence value is not received, The confidence value is incremented when the switching service notification is received, and the confidence is received when the switching service notification is received The value is decremented by a multiple. A peer management system, applicable to an electronic device, for providing at least one node for connecting, comprising: a processing unit, configured to determine whether at least one handover service notification is received by the at least one node, when the handover service is not received The confidence value is increased when the notification is received, and the confidence value is decreased when the handover service notification is received, wherein the handover service notification is a node served by the at least one node, and the received service quality is lower than expected, and the notification is notified. And the at least one node stops the service message, and receives a probe request by a third specific node, and corresponding to the receipt of the probe request, transmits the assessment information including the confidence value and a processed confidence value to the first The three specific nodes, wherein the confidence value is analyzed according to a time series, a corresponding trend line is obtained, and the processed confidence value is obtained according to the slope of the trend line. The peer management system of claim 23, wherein the processing unit maintains the confidence value according to an Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease algorithm, wherein the switching service is not received. The self-confidence value is incremented by the notification, and the confidence value is multiplied when the notification of the switching service is received. The peer management system of claim 23, wherein the processing unit further integrates a load condition into the evaluation information for transmission to the third specific node. The peer management system of claim 23, wherein the processing unit further records the time when the at least one handover service notification is received, and after receiving the probe request, extracts a predetermined time range. The at least one switching service notification received within the server to maintain the confidence value. The peer management system of claim 23, wherein the at least one node monitors a service quality of a connection corresponding to the electronic device, and when the service quality is lower than a predetermined quality, transmitting the handover service notification to The electronic device. The peer management system of claim 27, wherein the service quality comprises a bandwidth, a transmission delay, a variability of the bandwidth, or a transmission delay between the at least one node and the electronic device. One degree of variability. A computer program product for performing a simultaneous selection method, the computer program product comprising: a first code for receiving an evaluation information by at least one node, wherein the evaluation information includes at least a confidence value and a processed confidence a value, wherein the confidence value is analyzed according to a time series, a corresponding trend line is obtained, and the processed confidence value is obtained according to the slope of the trend line, and each of the at least one node is within a predetermined time range Receiving at least one handover service notification to maintain the confidence value, wherein the handover service notification is a message that the node served by the at least one node notifies the at least one node to stop the service because the received service quality is lower than expected; a second code for selecting at least one first specific node of the at least one node to perform the connection according to the confidence value received by each of the at least one node and the confidence value after the processing. A computer program product for performing a peer-to-peer management method, wherein the machine provides at least one node for connecting, the computer program product comprising: a first code for determining whether the at least one node receives the One less switching service notification; a second code for increasing the confidence value when the switching service notification is not received; a third code for using the confidence value when receiving the switching service notification Reducing, wherein the switching service notification is a node served by the at least one node, notifying the at least one node to stop the service message because the received service quality is lower than expected; and a fourth code for Receiving, by the third specific node, a probe request, corresponding to the receipt of the probe request, transmitting the assessment information including the confidence value and a processed confidence value to the third specific node, wherein the confidence value is analyzed according to a time series , get a corresponding trend line, and obtain the confidence value after the processing according to the slope of the trend line.