TWI400689B - A method of displaying a three - dimensional image - Google Patents
A method of displaying a three - dimensional image Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI400689B TWI400689B TW97135421A TW97135421A TWI400689B TW I400689 B TWI400689 B TW I400689B TW 97135421 A TW97135421 A TW 97135421A TW 97135421 A TW97135421 A TW 97135421A TW I400689 B TWI400689 B TW I400689B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- view
- brightness
- image
- modulation
- dimensional image
- Prior art date
Links
Landscapes
- Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
Description
本發明一種三次元影像顯示之方法,係針對相隔視景顯示之裸眼式三次元影像顯示器所產生之鬼影現象,提出一完全解決鬼影之影像顯示方法,而對相鄰視景顯示之裸眼式三次元影像顯示器所產生之鬼影現象,則提出一降低鬼影之影像顯示方法,以達到提高虛擬影像縱深之目的。The invention provides a method for displaying a three-dimensional image, which is directed to a ghost image phenomenon generated by a naked-eye three-dimensional image display which is displayed separately from a visual display, and provides a method for completely displaying ghost image display, and the naked eye for adjacent visual display. The phenomenon of ghosting caused by the three-dimensional image display proposes a method for reducing ghost image display to achieve the purpose of improving the depth of the virtual image.
目前,視差光柵式三次元影像顯示器(Parallax Barrier 三次元Image Display)、與透鏡光柵式三次元影像顯示器(Lenticular Lens三次元Image Display),是市場上裸眼式三次元影像顯示器(Goggle Free三次元Image Display,其正式用語為Auto-Stereoscopic Display)之主流產品。該兩裸眼式三次元影像顯示器之三次元影像顯示技術,主要是將顯示在該平面顯示器上之合成影像(該合成影像係由具視差效果之左、右立体影像所構成),透過視差光柵(Parallax Barrier)、或透鏡光柵(Lenticular Lens Sheet)的分離作用,可讓觀看者在特定的位置,令觀看者的左、右眼,各自觀看到左、右影像,最後透過人腦三次元視覺之合成,以達到三次元視之效果。相關光學原理之陳述,詳見U.S.Pat.No.725,567、U.S.Pat.No.2,012,995、U.S.Pat.No.2,063,985、U.S.Pat.No.4,717,949、U.S.Pat.No.5,113,213、U.S.Pat.No.5,315,377。At present, the parallax barrier type three-dimensional image display (Parallax Barrier three-dimensional image display) and the lens-grating three-dimensional image display (Lenticular Lens three-dimensional image display) are the naked-eye three-dimensional image display on the market (Goggle Free three-dimensional image Display, whose official term is Auto-Stereoscopic Display, is the mainstream product. The three-dimensional image display technology of the two naked-eye three-dimensional image display mainly uses a synthetic image displayed on the flat display (the synthesized image is composed of left and right stereo images with parallax effect) through a parallax barrier ( The separation of the Parallax Barrier) or the Lenticular Lens Sheet allows the viewer to view the left and right images of the viewer's left and right eyes at a specific position, and finally pass the three-dimensional vision of the human brain. Synthesize to achieve a three-dimensional effect. For a description of the relevant optical principles, see U.S. Pat. No. 725,567, U.S. Pat. No. 2,012,995, U.S. Pat. No. 2,063,985, U.S. Pat. No. 4,717,949, U.S. Pat. No. 5,113,213, U.S. Pat. No. 5,315,377.
隨著平面顯示器的大型化,對於多視景(Multi-View)、 與多數人觀賞(Multiple Viewers)裸眼式三次元影像顯示器之需求,亦因應而生。對於多視景、與多數人觀賞之習知代表之技術,詳見U.S.Pat.No.6,064,424、U.S.Pat.No.7,317,494 B2。一般,上述所提之兩種裸眼式三次元影像顯示器,因皆具有干涉灰紋(Moiré)、與鬼影(Ghost Image)之共同現象,以致嚴重影響三次元影像之品質與效果。該上述兩篇之專利,係利用傾斜視差光柵(Slanted Parallax Barrier,參考U.S.Pat.No.7,317,494 B2)、及傾斜透鏡光柵(Slanted Lenticular Lens Sheet,參考U.S.Pat.No.6,064,424)之方式,有效解決了干涉灰紋之問題,達到改善三次元影像品質之目的。然而,對於鬼影之問題,卻未提出任何解決之方案。所謂的鬼影,亦即在左、右影像並非完全分離之情況下,會使得左眼不只看到左影像、亦同時看到相當程度的右影像(即鬼影)。反之,右眼亦如是。當該鬼影現象嚴重發生時,對於具較強烈視差效果之左、右影像,人腦即無法做出正確之左右影像之對應、以進行正確的三次元視覺之合成,因而導致鬼影現象之產生。為了避開此一現象,現有之多視景多數人觀賞之裸眼式三次元影像顯示器(Multi-View Auto-Stereoscopic Display for Multiple Viewers),只適合顯示視差較小之左、右影像。是以,造成三次元效果嚴重不足之問題。亦即,觀看者所能知覺的虛擬三次元縱深,相較於日常實際的視覺經驗,產生明顯不足之現象,這亦是時下市售裸眼式三次元影像顯示器之通病。以下,以視差光柵式三次元影像顯示器、及適當的視景數為例,說明鬼影現象產生之原因。With the enlargement of flat-panel displays, for multi-view, The need for a multi-viewer (Multiple Viewers) naked-eye three-dimensional image display was also created. See U.S. Pat. No. 6,064,424, U.S. Pat. No. 7,317,494 B2 for techniques of multi-view and conventional representations of the majority. Generally, the two naked-eye three-dimensional image displays mentioned above have the common phenomenon of interference between Moiré and Ghost Image, so as to seriously affect the quality and effect of the three-dimensional image. The above two patents are effectively solved by using a tilted parallax barrier (Slanted Parallax Barrier, see US Pat. No. 7,317,494 B2) and a tilted lens grating (refer to US Pat. No. 6,064,424). The problem of interference with gray lines is achieved to improve the quality of the three-dimensional image. However, there is no solution to the problem of ghosting. The so-called ghosts, that is, when the left and right images are not completely separated, will cause the left eye not only to see the left image, but also to see a considerable degree of right image (ie ghost). On the contrary, the right eye is also true. When the ghost phenomenon occurs seriously, for the left and right images with strong parallax effect, the human brain cannot make the correct correspondence between the left and right images, so as to synthesize the correct three-dimensional vision, thus causing ghosting phenomenon. produce. In order to avoid this phenomenon, the multi-view Auto-Stereoscopic Display for Multiple Viewers, which are mostly viewed by most viewers, are only suitable for displaying left and right images with small parallax. Therefore, the problem of serious three-dimensional effects is seriously insufficient. That is to say, the virtual three-dimensional depth that the viewer can perceive is obviously insufficient compared with the actual visual experience of the day, which is also a common problem of the naked-eye three-dimensional image display currently available in the market. Hereinafter, the cause of the ghost phenomenon will be described by taking a parallax barrier type three-dimensional image display and an appropriate number of views as an example.
如圖1所示,係為五視景影像產生與合成之示意圖。通常,可由攝影、或三次元動畫之方式,以產生多視景之合成影像。以下,以靜態攝影方式以產生五視景影像為例說明之。該五視景影像V0 、V1 、V2 、V3 、V4 之產生,係以等相機間距之方式置放於適當之位置、並共同聚焦至VC 點之五台相機,同時拍攝所取得。因此,該五視景影像V0 、V1 、V2 、V3 、V4 ,即具有依次之等視差變化效果。亦即,相鄰兩視景之影像,如(V4 ,V3 )、(V3 ,V2 )、(V2 ,V1 )、(V1 ,V0 ),可各自構成為一對左、右之三次元影像。另外,相隔兩視景之影像,如(V4 ,V2 )、(V3 ,V1 )、(V2 ,V0 ),亦可各自構成為另一對左、右之三次元影像。為方便本文以下之說明,對於裸眼式三次元影像顯示器,採用相鄰兩視景影像,以提供一對左、右之三次元影像者,令其為相鄰視景顯示之裸眼式三次元影像顯示器,此法乃為時下裸眼式三次元影像顯示器設計之主流;而對於使用相隔兩視景影像,以提供一對左、右之三次元影像者,則令其為相隔視景顯示之裸眼式三次元影像顯示器。As shown in Figure 1, it is a schematic diagram of five-view image generation and synthesis. Typically, a composite image of multiple views can be produced by photography, or by a three-dimensional animation. Hereinafter, an example of generating a five-view image by static photography will be described. The five-view images V 0 , V 1 , V 2 , V 3 , and V 4 are generated by five cameras placed at appropriate positions and equally focused to the V C point while being equally spaced. Acquired. Therefore, the five-view images V 0 , V 1 , V 2 , V 3 , and V 4 have the effects of sequentially varying parallax. That is, the images of two adjacent scenes, such as (V 4 , V 3 ), (V 3 , V 2 ), (V 2 , V 1 ), (V 1 , V 0 ), may each be configured as a pair. The three-dimensional image of the left and right. In addition, images separated by two views, such as (V 4 , V 2 ), (V 3 , V 1 ), (V 2 , V 0 ), may also be configured as another three-dimensional image of the left and right. For the convenience of the following description, for the naked-eye three-dimensional image display, the adjacent two-view image is used to provide a pair of left and right three-dimensional images, so that it is a naked-eye three-dimensional image of the adjacent view display. Display, this method is the mainstream of the current naked-eye three-dimensional image display design; and for the use of two-view images to provide a pair of left and right three-dimensional images, it is the naked eye of the visual display. Three-dimensional image display.
另外,對於多視景影像之合成,係根據上述該等視差效果變化之次序,即由V0 至V4 之次序,以次畫素為單位,依次排列該五視景V0 、V1 、V2 、V3 、V4 上次畫素之影像,以構成一次畫素依次排列之單元(Unit of Sequential Sub-Pixel Arrangement)118,並重覆循環該單元118之排列方式,即可得一五視景合成之影像(5-View Combined Image)112。其中,顯示於次畫素111中之數字0、1、2、3、4,係各自對應五視景影像V0 、V1 、V2 、V3 、V4 中之次畫 素影像。該次畫素依次排列單元118及重覆循環排列之方法,詳見於上述之專利,此處不再贅述。In addition, for the synthesis of the multi-view image, the five scenes V 0 , V 1 are sequentially arranged in the order of V 0 to V 4 in the order of the change of the parallax effects, in order of sub-pixels. The image of the last pixel of V 2 , V 3 , and V 4 is configured to form a unit of Sequential Sub-Pixel Arrangement 118, and the arrangement of the unit 118 is repeated cyclically to obtain one or five 5-View Combined Image 112. The numbers 0, 1 , 2 , 3 , and 4 displayed in the sub-pixel 111 correspond to the sub-pixel images in the five-view images V 0 , V 1 , V 2 , V 3 , and V 4 , respectively. The method of sequentially arranging the unit 118 and repeating the cyclic arrangement is described in detail in the above patent, and details are not described herein again.
如圖2所示,係為五視景視差光柵式三次元影像顯示器光學原理之示意圖。習知的五視景視差光柵式三次元影像顯示器(Parallax Barrier三次元Image Display with 5-View)100,主要係由一平面顯示器(Flat Panel Display)110、及一視差光柵120所構成。將該五視景合成之影像112,填入該平面顯示器110上次畫素(Sub-Pixel)111之位置後(其中,R、G、B為次畫素之顏色,△W為次畫素之寬度),透過裝置於適當位置LP 之視差光柵120(該視差光柵120,係由具適當大小開口LD 之多數狹縫121所構成),即可在最佳觀看距離LBVD 、且於最佳觀看位置P0 、P1 、P2 、P3 、P4 處,各別觀看到該五視景之影像V0 、V1 、V2 、V3 、V4 。亦即,對於視差光柵120上任意之單一狹縫121,該狹縫係可令該次畫素依次排列單元118中之次畫素影像,分別傳送至該最佳觀看位置P0 、P1 、P2 、P3 、P4 處,即為觀看者眼睛之觀看位置。是以,當該視差光柵120之設計,係採用相鄰視景顯示法時,可令相鄰兩個最佳觀看位置間之距離(如P4 、P3 ),即為左眼(P4 )與右眼(P3 )之兩眼間距LED0 。亦即,左、右眼係各自觀看到相鄰視景之影像。另外,當該視差光柵120之設計,係採用相隔視景顯示法時,則可令相隔兩個最佳觀看位置間之距離(如P2 、P0 ),即為左眼(P2 )與右眼(P0 )之兩眼間距LED1 。亦即,左、右眼係各自觀看到相隔視景之影像。通常,兩眼間距LED0 、LED1 設定在6cm上下,以符合大部人之使用。另外,對於多數 人觀賞之設計,只是在最佳觀看距離LBVD 上,於不同之位置,重複提供其他最佳觀看位置P0 、P1 、P2 、P3 、P4 (未圖示)。因此,可根據上述之需求,對該次畫素之寬度△W、狹縫121開口之大小LD 、視差光柵120之裝置位置LP 、最佳觀看距離LBVD 、與最佳觀看位置P0 、P1 、P2 、P3 、P4 等參數,做理論計算而予以最佳化。As shown in FIG. 2, it is a schematic diagram of the optical principle of a five-view parallax grating type three-dimensional image display. The conventional Parallel Barrier Three-Dimensional Image Display with 5-View 100 is mainly composed of a flat panel display 110 and a parallax barrier 120. The five-view synthesized image 112 is filled in the position of the last pixel (Sub-Pixel) 111 of the flat display 110 (where R, G, and B are the colors of the sub-pixels, and ΔW is the sub-pixel. Width), through the parallax barrier 120 at a suitable position L P (the parallax barrier 120 is formed by a plurality of slits 121 having an appropriately sized opening L D ), at an optimal viewing distance L BVD and At the optimal viewing positions P 0 , P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , and P 4 , the five-view images V 0 , V 1 , V 2 , V 3 , and V 4 are respectively viewed. That is, for any single slit 121 on the parallax barrier 120, the slit allows the sub-pixels to sequentially arrange the sub-pixel images in the unit 118 to be transmitted to the optimal viewing position P 0 , P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , and P 4 are the viewing positions of the viewer's eyes. Therefore, when the parallax barrier 120 is designed to adopt an adjacent view display method, the distance between adjacent two optimal viewing positions (eg, P 4 , P 3 ), that is, the left eye (P 4 ) ) The distance between the eyes of the right eye (P 3 ) is L ED0 . That is, the left and right eye systems each view an image of an adjacent view. In addition, when the parallax barrier 120 is designed to use the visual display method, the distance between the two optimal viewing positions (such as P 2 , P 0 ) can be separated, that is, the left eye (P 2 ) and The distance between the eyes of the right eye (P 0 ) is L ED1 . That is, the left and right eye systems each view an image of the separated view. Usually, the distance between the eyes L ED0 and L ED1 is set at 6 cm or so to meet the needs of most people. In addition, for most people's viewing designs, other optimal viewing positions P 0 , P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , P 4 (not shown) are repeatedly provided at different viewing distances L BVD at different positions. . Therefore, according to the above requirements, the width ΔW of the sub-pixel, the opening L D of the slit 121, the device position L P of the parallax barrier 120, the optimal viewing distance L BVD , and the optimal viewing position P 0 . Parameters such as P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , and P 4 are optimized by theoretical calculations.
如圖3所示,係為五視景視差光柵式三次元影像顯示器單一視景可視範圍之示意圖。對於觀看者之單一眼睛而言,在最佳觀看位置(如P2 ),因可以最大之視角(只圖示對其中單一次畫素111’之視角度θ2 ),接收到所有相對應次畫素所發出之光源。是以,可觀看到最亮之第二景視影像V2 。當觀看位置偏移至時,其接收到所有相對應次畫素之發光角度,即視角度,相對變小,所觀看到第二景視影像V2 逐漸變暗。當觀看位置偏移至P1 、或P3 時,則呈完全遮蔽之狀態,即無法觀看到第二景視V2 。因此,可定義LVZ2 為第二視景影像V2 之可視範圍(Viewing Zone)。As shown in FIG. 3, it is a schematic diagram of a single viewing range of a five-view parallax barrier three-dimensional image display. For the single eye of the viewer, at the best viewing position (such as P 2 ), all the corresponding times are received because the maximum angle of view (only the viewing angle θ 2 of the single pixel 111' is shown) The light source emitted by the pixel. Therefore, the brightest second scene image V 2 can be viewed. When the viewing position is shifted to When it receives the illumination angle of all corresponding sub-pixels, that is, the viewing angle , relatively small, the second scene view image V 2 is gradually darkened. When the viewing position is shifted to P 1 or P 3 , it is completely shielded, that is, the second view V 2 cannot be viewed. Therefore, L VZ2 can be defined as the viewing range of the second view image V 2 .
由於視差光柵與平面顯示器次畫素之空間構成,皆具有等間距之幾何特性。是以,對於所有最佳觀看位置P0 、P1 、P2 、P3 、P4 ,其可各自觀看影像V0 、V1 、V2 、V3 、V4 之可視範圍,如圖4所示,皆具有相同大小、且相互重疊之特徵。亦即,具有LVZ0 =LVZ1 =LVZ2 =LVZ3 =LVZ4 之關係、且各相鄰之可視範圍係具有重疊之現象。該重疊現象係造成鬼影現象之最根本原因。Due to the spatial composition of the parallax barrier and the planar display sub-pixels, they all have geometric features of equal spacing. Therefore, for all the optimal viewing positions P 0 , P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , P 4 , they can respectively view the visible range of the images V 0 , V 1 , V 2 , V 3 , V 4 , as shown in FIG. 4 . As shown, they all have the same size and overlap each other. That is, there is a phenomenon in which L VZ0 = L VZ1 = L VZ2 = L VZ3 = L VZ4 and each adjacent visible range has an overlap. This overlap is the most fundamental cause of ghosting.
基於解決以上所述習知技藝所產生的缺失,即針對於視差光柵式、及透鏡光柵式三次元影像顯示器(以下簡稱為裸眼式三次元影像顯示器),因鬼影現象所造成三次元效果不足之問題,本發明係針對相隔視景顯示之裸眼式三次元影像顯示器所產生之鬼影現象,提出一完全解決鬼影之影像顯示方法,而對相鄰視景顯示之裸眼式三次元影像顯示器所產生之鬼影現象,則提出一降低鬼影之影像顯示方法,以達到提高虛擬影像縱深之目的。以下,對使用相鄰視景顯示、及相隔視景顯示之裸眼式三次元影像顯示器,透過四視景、與五視景影像為例,說明本發明解決鬼影之功效。Based on the shortcomings of solving the above-mentioned conventional techniques, that is, for the parallax barrier type and the lens grating type three-dimensional image display (hereinafter referred to as the naked-eye three-dimensional image display), the three-dimensional effect caused by the ghost phenomenon is insufficient. The present invention is directed to a ghost image phenomenon generated by a naked-eye three-dimensional image display that is displayed separately from a visual display, and a naked-eye three-dimensional image display for a neighboring visual display is proposed. The resulting ghost phenomenon proposes a method for reducing ghost image display to achieve the purpose of improving the depth of the virtual image. Hereinafter, the naked eye type three-dimensional image display using the adjacent view display and the separated view display can be used to solve the ghost effect by the four-view and five-view images.
首先,針對使用相鄰視景顯示之裸眼式三次元影像顯示器,提出一多視景亮度調變及交替顯示之方法,以有效降低鬼影之現象。以下,說明其功效。Firstly, for the naked-eye three-dimensional image display using adjacent view display, a multi-view brightness modulation and alternate display method is proposed to effectively reduce ghost phenomenon. Hereinafter, the efficacy will be described.
如圖5所示,係為四視景亮度調變方法之示意圖。對於一四視景合成之影像112,透過一亮度調變之方法(Method of Brightness Modulation),可產生一奇視景亮度調變合成之影像(Combined Image with Odd Views Modulated in Brightness)113、與一偶視景亮度調變合成之影像(Combined Image with Even Views Modulated in Brightness)114。所謂的亮度調變方法300,係對原影像112做一亮度之調變,使得所欲調變視景影像之亮度,可明顯低於相鄰視景影像之亮度。例如,對於奇視景亮度調變合 成之影像113,係將原四視景合成之影像112中,所有奇視景影像之亮度,同時、或各別乘以一介於0.0與1.0間之適當數值Mo (以下簡稱為亮度調變值);而對於偶視景亮度調變合成之影像114,則將原四視景合成之影像112中,所有偶視景影像之亮度,亦同時、或各別乘以一介於0.0與1.0間之適當亮度調變值Me 。其中,Mo 、Me 係可為相同或相異之數值,亦可為0.0之值。As shown in FIG. 5, it is a schematic diagram of a four-view brightness modulation method. For a four-view composite image 112, a Combined Image with Odd Views Modulated in Brightness 113 can be generated by a Method of Brightness Modulation. Combined Image with Even Views Modulated in Brightness 114. The so-called brightness modulation method 300 is to adjust the brightness of the original image 112 so that the brightness of the desired scene image can be significantly lower than the brightness of the adjacent scene image. For example, for the image 113 synthesized by the singular brightness modulation, the brightness of all the singular images in the image 112 synthesized by the original four scenes is simultaneously or separately multiplied by an appropriate value between 0.0 and 1.0. M o (hereinafter referred to as the brightness modulation value); and for the image 114 synthesized by the temporal brightness modulation, the brightness of all the even view images in the image 112 synthesized by the original four scenes is also simultaneously or each do not multiplied by a suitably between 0.0 and 1.0 of the luminance modulation value M e. Wherein, M o and M e may be the same or different values, and may also be a value of 0.0.
如圖6所示,係為交替顯示方法之示意圖。所謂交替顯示之方法400(Method of Alternating Displaying),係對於前述奇視景亮度調變合成之影像113、與偶視景亮度調變合成之影像114,透過在不同時間點、交替顯示該兩影像。例如,於t=T1 時,顯示該奇視景亮度調變合成之影像113,而於t=T2 時,則顯示該偶視景亮度調變合成之影像114。如此,不斷重覆交替顯示該奇、偶視景亮度調變合成之影像113、114。As shown in FIG. 6, it is a schematic diagram of an alternate display method. The method of Alternating Display 400 is a method for synthesizing the image 113 of the singular brightness modulation and the image 114 combined with the brightness modulation of the illuminating scene, and displaying the two images alternately at different time points. . For example, when t=T 1 , the image 113 of the odd-view brightness modulation is displayed, and when t=T 2 , the image 114 of the even-view brightness modulation is displayed. In this way, the images 113, 114 of the odd and even view brightness modulation are alternately displayed alternately.
是以,如圖7所示,係顯示奇視景亮度調變合成影像時,各奇、偶視景可視範圍之示意圖。當t=T1 時,對顯示在該平面顯示器110上之奇視景亮度調變合成之影像113而言,由於前述亮度調變之作用,相較於偶視景(V0 、V2 )之亮度,奇視景(V1 、V3 )之亮度呈相對地暗(如Mo =0.25)、甚至為零(當Mo =0.0)。因此,在偶視景的可視範圍(LVZ0 、LVZ2 )內,所觀看到的奇視景,係呈相對微弱之影像。Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7 , a schematic diagram of the visible range of each odd and even view is displayed when the odd-view brightness modulation composite image is displayed. When t=T 1 , the image 113 synthesized by the singular brightness modulation displayed on the flat display 110 is compared with the even view (V 0 , V 2 ) due to the aforementioned brightness modulation. The brightness of the singular view (V 1 , V 3 ) is relatively dark (eg, M o = 0.25) or even zero (when M o = 0.0). Therefore, within the viewable range of the view (L VZ0 , L VZ2 ), the strange view viewed is a relatively weak image.
另外,如圖8所示,係顯示偶視景亮度調變合成影像時,各奇、偶視景可視範圍之示意圖。當t=T2 時,對顯示在該平面顯示器110上之偶視景亮度調變合成之影像114而 言,由於前述亮度調變之作用,相較於奇視景之亮度(V1 、V3 ),偶視景(V0 、V2 )之亮度呈相對地暗(如Me =0.25)、甚至為零(當Me =0.0)。因此,在奇視景的可視範圍(LVZ1 、LVZ3 )內,所觀看到的偶視景,係呈相對微弱之影像。In addition, as shown in FIG. 8, it is a schematic diagram showing the visible range of each odd and even view when the combined view brightness is modulated. When t=T 2 , the image 114 of the even view brightness modulation synthesized on the flat display 110 is compared with the brightness of the odd scene (V 1 , V due to the aforementioned brightness modulation). 3 ), the brightness of the even view (V 0 , V 2 ) is relatively dark (such as Me = 0.25), or even zero (when Me = 0.0). Therefore, in the visible range of the singular view (L VZ1 , L VZ3 ), the even view viewed is a relatively weak image.
是以,當觀看者的左、右眼,各自處在相鄰之奇、偶視景之可視範圍內,以觀看三次元影像時,由於本發明之亮度調變、與交替顯示之作用,因可相對降低相鄰視景影像之亮度,即可達到相對降低鬼影之現象。最後,觀看者透過視覺暫留之視覺作用,可將以時間差顯示之相鄰奇、偶視景合成一三次元之影像。當然,如圖6所示,若交替影像顯示之時間差TF (即TF =T2 -T1 )太長時,會造成影像閃爍(Flickering)之現象。另定義一畫面更新之頻率Fr (Screen Refresh Rate),其與TF 之關係為Fr =1/TF 。換言之,當畫面更新頻率Fr 太低時,重覆交替顯示該奇、偶視景亮度調變合成之影像113、114,會造成影像閃爍之現象。一般,當Fr =120Hz時,即可完全去除該閃爍之現象。另外,由於本發明之亮度調變,其所調變之亮度調變值Mo 、Me ,係可配合畫面更新頻率Fr ,做一適當之調整與設定,使得畫面更新頻率Fr 處於較低頻時(如75~85Hz,此頻率係為一般低階平面顯示器所能提供之最高畫面更新頻率),亦可同時達到低鬼影、與無閃爍之功效。Therefore, when the viewer's left and right eyes are each within the visible range of the adjacent odd and even view, in order to view the three-dimensional image, due to the brightness modulation and the alternate display function of the present invention, Relatively reducing the brightness of adjacent view images, the phenomenon of relatively reducing ghosts can be achieved. Finally, the viewer can combine the adjacent odd and even views displayed by the time difference into a three-dimensional image through the visual effect of the visual persistence. Of course, as shown in FIG. 6, if the time difference T F (i.e., T F = T 2 - T 1 ) of the alternate image display is too long, image flickering may occur. Another definition of the screen update frequency F r (Screen Refresh Rate), its relationship with T F is F r =1 / T F . In other words, when the picture update frequency F r is too low, repeatedly displaying the odd and even view brightness modulated images 113, 114 will cause the image to flicker. Generally, when F r = 120 Hz, the phenomenon of the flicker can be completely removed. Further, since the luminance modulation of the present invention, their modulation of the modulation value M o, M e, can be based with a frame rate F r, to make a suitable adjustment of the set, a frame rate F r such that in a relatively At low frequencies (such as 75~85Hz, this frequency is the highest picture update frequency that can be provided by general low-level flat panel displays), and it can also achieve low ghosting and flicker-free effects.
以上,係針對具偶數視景(四視景)之視差光柵,做為本發明多視景亮度調變及交替顯示方式之功用說明。對於具奇數視景之視差光柵,以下以五視景影像為例說明之。The above is a description of the multi-view brightness modulation and alternate display mode for the parallax barrier having an even view (four-view). For a parallax barrier with an odd view, the following is an example of a five-view image.
如圖9所示,係為五視景亮度調變方法之示意圖。由 於,本發明之亮度調變,主要係調變相鄰景視之相對亮度,因此,無法直接適用於具奇數視景之應用。例如,在奇視景亮度調變合成之影像113上,對第零視景之次畫素影像115而言,因循序排列之關係,另一第零視景之次畫素影像115’,因亮度調變之作用而減低亮度,但相鄰第一視景之次畫素影像116、與第四視景之次畫素影像117,因無亮度調變之作用,會對第零視景產生鬼影之現象。As shown in FIG. 9, it is a schematic diagram of a five-view brightness modulation method. by Therefore, the brightness modulation of the present invention mainly modulates the relative brightness of adjacent scenes, and therefore cannot be directly applied to an application with an odd view. For example, on the image 113 of the singular brightness modulation synthesis, for the sub-pixel image 115 of the zeroth view, the sub-pixel image 115' of the other zeroth view is due to the sequential arrangement relationship. The brightness modulation is reduced to reduce the brightness, but the sub-pixel image 116 adjacent to the first view and the sub-pixel image 117 of the fourth view are generated by the non-brightness modulation, and the zeroth view is generated. The phenomenon of ghosts.
如圖10所示,係為五視景亮度調變改良方法之示意圖。對於上述奇數視景不適用本發明應用之例,可以犧牲最邊緣之一視景(如第零、或第四視景),使其成為偶數視景,再透過本發明亮度調變之處理,亦可達降低鬼影之功效。As shown in FIG. 10, it is a schematic diagram of a five-view brightness modulation improvement method. For the above-mentioned odd view, the application of the present invention is not applicable, and one of the most edge views (such as the zeroth or the fourth view) may be sacrificed to make it into an even view, and then the brightness modulation process of the present invention is performed. It can also reduce the effect of ghosting.
以下,針對使用相隔視景顯示之裸眼式三次元影像顯示器,提出一多視景亮度零調變及視位置依存顯示之方法,以完全解決鬼影之現象。以下,說明其功效。In the following, for a naked-eye three-dimensional image display using a separate view display, a multi-view brightness zero-modulation and visual position-dependent display method is proposed to completely solve the phenomenon of ghosting. Hereinafter, the efficacy will be described.
如圖11所示,係為四視景亮度零調變方法之示意圖。如同前述之亮度調變之方法,對於一四視景合成之影像112,透過一亮度零調變之方法300’,可產生一奇視景亮度零調變合成之影像113’、與一偶視景亮度零調變合成之影像114’。其中,該奇視景亮度零調變合成之影像113’,係將原四視景合成之影像112中,所有奇視景影像之亮度,乘以一Mo =0.0之亮度調變值。亦即,遮蔽所有奇視景之影像。另外,對於偶視景亮度零調變合成之影像114’,則將原單一四視景合成之影像112中,所有偶視景影像之亮度,亦乘以乘以一Me =0.0之亮度調變值。亦即, 遮蔽所有偶視景之影像。As shown in FIG. 11, it is a schematic diagram of a four-view brightness zero modulation method. As the method of brightness modulation described above, for a four-view synthesized image 112, through a method of brightness zero-modulation 300', an odd-view brightness zero-modulation composite image 113' can be generated, and an even view Scene brightness zero modulation composite image 114'. The image 113' of the odd-vision brightness zero-modulation composite image is obtained by multiplying the brightness of all the odd-view images in the image 112 synthesized by the original four-view scene by a brightness modulation value of M o = 0.0. That is, to block all the images of the singular view. In addition, for the image 114' of the even-view luminance zero-modulation composite image, the brightness of all the even-view images in the image 112 synthesized by the original single four-view scene is multiplied by a brightness adjustment of a Me e = 0.0. Variable value. That is, to block all the images of the even view.
如圖12所示,係為視位置依存顯示方法之示意圖。不同於前述之交替影像顯示方法,視位置依存顯示方法(Viewing Position Dependent Displaying Method)400’,係根據觀看者雙眼觀看位置之不同,以顯示該奇視景亮度零調變合成之影像113’、或偶視景亮度零調變合成之影像114’。例如,於t=T(Pe )時,即觀看者左右眼之觀看位置,是各自處在相鄰兩偶視景之可視範圍內時,則顯示該奇視景亮度零調變合成之影像113’;而於t=T(Po )時,即觀看者左右眼之觀看位置,是各自處在相鄰兩奇視景之可視範圍內時,則顯示該偶視景亮度零調變合成之影像114’。As shown in FIG. 12, it is a schematic diagram of a view-dependent display method. Different from the foregoing alternate image display method, the Viewing Position Dependent Displaying Method 400' displays the image 113' of the odd-vision brightness zero-modulation composite according to the viewing position of the viewer's eyes. , or the image of the scene brightness brightness zero modulation composite image 114'. For example, when t=T(P e ), that is, the viewing position of the left and right eyes of the viewer is within the visible range of the adjacent two-view, the image of the odd-vision brightness zero-modulation composite is displayed. 113'; and when t=T(P o ), that is, the viewing position of the left and right eyes of the viewer is within the visible range of the adjacent two singular scenes, the zero-tone modulation of the even-view brightness is displayed. Image 114'.
是以,如圖13所示,係顯示奇視景亮度零調變合成影像113’時,各奇、偶視景可視範圍之示意圖。當t=T(Pe )時,對顯示在該平面顯示器110上之奇視景亮度零調變合成之影像113’而言,由於前述亮度零調變之作用,奇視景(V1 、V3 )之亮度成為零之狀態(Mo =0.0)。因此,當觀看者左右眼,是各自處在相鄰兩偶視景(V0 、V2 )之可視範圍(LVZ0 、LVZ2 )內時,所觀看到的奇視景,係呈完全遮蔽之影像。是以,可達到零鬼影之功效。Therefore, as shown in FIG. 13, a schematic diagram of the visible range of each odd and even view is displayed when the odd-view luminance zero-modulation composite image 113' is displayed. When t=T(P e ), for the image 113′ of the odd-view luminance zero-modulation synthesized on the flat display 110, the odd-view (V 1 , The brightness of V 3 ) becomes a state of zero (M o = 0.0). Therefore, when the viewer's left and right eyes are within the visible range (L VZ0 , L VZ2 ) of the adjacent two views (V 0 , V 2 ), the viewed singular view is completely obscured. Image. Therefore, it can achieve the effect of zero ghost.
另外,如圖14所示,係顯示偶視景亮度零調變合成影像時,各奇、偶視景可視範圍之示意圖。當t=T(Po )時,對顯示在該平面顯示器110上之偶視景亮度零調變合成之影像114’而言,由於前述亮度零調變之作用,偶視景(V0 、V2 )之亮度呈為零之狀態(Me =0.0)。因此,當觀看者左右眼,是各自處在相鄰兩奇視景(V1 、V3 )之可視範圍(LVZ1 、LVZ3 ) 內時,所觀看到的偶視景,係呈完全遮蔽之影像。是以,可達到零鬼影之功效。In addition, as shown in FIG. 14, a schematic diagram showing the visible range of each odd and even view when the even view brightness is zero-modulated composite image is displayed. When t=T(P o ), for the image 114' of the even-view luminance zero-modulation synthesized on the flat display 110, due to the aforementioned zero-modulation of the brightness, the even view (V 0 , The brightness of V 2 ) is in a state of zero (M e =0.0). Therefore, when the viewer's left and right eyes are within the visible range (L VZ1 , L VZ3 ) of the adjacent two singular views (V 1 , V 3 ), the viewed even view is completely obscured. Image. Therefore, it can achieve the effect of zero ghost.
當然,上述所提之視位置依存顯示方法400’,需包含一視位置辨識(Recognition of Viewing Position)之技術。亦即,透過該視位置辨識技術,以檢測出觀看者雙眼之位置,方能正確顯示奇、偶視景亮度零調變合成影像113’、114’。該視位置辨識技術,係可為一被動辨識之方式,亦即透過觀看者之判斷,自行選擇且顯示適當之奇、偶視景亮度零調變合成影像113’、114’。亦可為一主動辨識之方式,係透過一機器偵測之方式、以檢測觀看者雙眼之位置,達到自動且正確顯示奇、偶視景亮度零調變合成影像113’、114’。該主動式之視位置辨識技術,可參考中華民國專利申請案號:097128441,此處不再贅述。Of course, the above-mentioned apparent position dependent display method 400' needs to include a technique of a Recognition of Viewing Position. That is, through the visual position recognition technique, the position of both eyes of the viewer can be detected to correctly display the odd and even view luminance zero-modulated composite images 113', 114'. The visual position recognition technology can be a passive identification method, that is, through the judgment of the viewer, the user can select and display the appropriate odd and even view brightness zero modulation composite images 113', 114'. Alternatively, in an active identification mode, the position of the eyes of the viewer can be detected by means of a machine detection to automatically and correctly display the odd and even view brightness zero-modulated composite images 113', 114'. For the active view location identification technology, refer to the Republic of China patent application number: 097128441, which will not be repeated here.
對於具奇數視景之視差光柵,以下以五視景影像為例,做為零調變方法之說明。For a parallax barrier with an odd view, the following is a description of the zero modulation method using a five-view image as an example.
如圖15所示,係為五視景亮度零調變改良方法之示意圖。如前述,本發明之亮度零調變,主要係調變相鄰景視之相對亮度,因此,無法直接適用於具奇數視景之應用。但可以犧牲最邊緣之一視景(如第零、或第四視景),使其成為偶數視景,再透過如前述之亮度零調變之處理,可達零鬼影之功效。As shown in FIG. 15, it is a schematic diagram of a five-view brightness zero modulation improvement method. As described above, the zero-modulation of the brightness of the present invention mainly modulates the relative brightness of adjacent scenes, and therefore cannot be directly applied to an application with an odd view. However, one of the most edge views (such as the zeroth or the fourth view) can be sacrificed to make it an even view, and then the effect of zero ghost can be achieved by the processing of the brightness zero modulation as described above.
綜上所述,雖然本發明只針對傾斜視差光柵之應用提出說明,但其原理亦適用於其他非傾斜視差光柵、非傾斜透鏡光柵、及傾斜透鏡光柵之應用。In summary, although the present invention has been described only for the application of a tilted parallax barrier, the principles are also applicable to other non-tilted parallax barriers, non-tilted lens gratings, and tilted lens gratings.
100‧‧‧五視景視差光柵式三次元影像顯示器100‧‧‧ Five-view parallax grating three-dimensional image display
110‧‧‧平面顯示器110‧‧‧ flat panel display
111、111’‧‧‧次畫素111, 111’‧‧‧ pixels
112‧‧‧多視景合成之影像112‧‧‧Multi-view synthesis image
113‧‧‧奇視景亮度調變合成之影像113‧‧‧Similar scene brightness modulation composite image
113’‧‧‧奇視景亮度零調變合成之影像113'‧‧‧Similar brightness brightness zero modulation composite image
114‧‧‧偶視景亮度調變合成之影像114‧‧‧Photographing of the brightness of the scene
114’‧‧‧偶視景亮度零調變合成之影像114’‧‧‧Immediate view of zero-tone modulation
115、115’‧‧‧第零視景之次畫素影像115, 115'‧‧‧Secondary visual image
116‧‧‧第一視景之次畫素影像116‧‧‧Secondary image of the first scene
117‧‧‧第四視景之次畫素影像117‧‧‧second visual image of the fourth scene
118‧‧‧次畫素依次排列單元118‧‧‧ pixels are arranged in sequence
120‧‧‧視差光柵120‧‧‧Disparity grating
121‧‧‧視差光柵上之狹縫開口121‧‧‧Slit opening on parallax barrier
300‧‧‧亮度調變之方法300‧‧‧Method of brightness modulation
300’‧‧‧亮度零調變之方法300’‧‧‧Method of brightness zero modulation
400‧‧‧交替顯示之方法400‧‧‧Alternative display method
400’‧‧‧視位置依存顯示方法400'‧‧‧ Dependent position display method
V0 、V1 、V2 、V3 、V4 ‧‧‧具視差之五視景影像V 0 , V 1 , V 2 , V 3 , V 4 ‧‧‧ Five-view images with parallax
0、1、2、3、4‧‧‧V0 、V1 、V2 、V3 、V4 中之次畫素影像Subpixel images in 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4‧‧‧V 0 , V 1 , V 2 , V 3 , V 4
VC ‧‧‧相機之聚焦點V C ‧‧‧The focus of the camera
P0 、P1 、P2 、P3 、P4 ‧‧‧五視景影像之最佳觀看位置P 0 , P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , P 4 ‧ ‧ ‧ Best viewing position for five-view images
Lp ‧‧‧視差光柵之裝置位置L p ‧‧ ‧ position of the parallax barrier
LD ‧‧‧視差光柵上狹縫開口之大小L D ‧‧‧Slit opening on the parallax barrier
LBVD ‧‧‧最佳觀看距離L BVD ‧‧‧Best viewing distance
LED0 、LED1 ‧‧‧兩眼間距L ED0 , L ED1 ‧‧‧ spacing between eyes
LVZ0 、LVZ1 、LVZ2 、LVZ3 、LVZ4 ‧‧‧各單一視景影像之可視範圍L VZ0 , L VZ1 , L VZ2 , L VZ3 , L VZ4 ‧‧‧ Viewable range of single view images
θ2 ‧‧‧在最佳觀看位置P2 ,眼睛對所有相對應次畫素之視角度θ 2 ‧‧‧ at the best viewing position P 2 , the angle of view of the eye to all corresponding pixels
‧‧‧在其他觀看位置,眼睛對所有相對應次畫素之視角度 ‧‧‧In other viewing positions , the angle of view of the eye to all corresponding pixels
Mo 、Me ‧‧‧亮度調變值M o , M e ‧‧‧ brightness modulation value
R、G、B‧‧‧次畫素之顏色R, G, B‧‧‧ pixels color
△W‧‧‧次畫素之寬度△W‧‧‧ times the width of the pixels
T1 ‧‧‧顯示奇視景亮度調變合成影像之時間T 1 ‧‧‧ shows the time when the singular brightness is modulated to synthesize the image
T2 ‧‧‧顯示偶視景亮度調變合成影像之時間T 2 ‧‧‧ shows the time when the brightness of the scene is modulated
TF ‧‧‧交替影像顯示之時間差,TF =T2 -T1 T F ‧‧‧ alternating image display time difference, T F =T 2 -T 1
TF ‧‧‧畫面更新之頻率,Fr =1/TF T F ‧‧‧Fast update frequency, F r =1/T F
T(Pe )‧‧‧觀看者左右眼之位置,係各自處在相鄰兩偶視景之可視範圍內之狀態時T(P e )‧‧‧The position of the left and right eyes of the viewer is in the state of being within the visible range of the adjacent two views
T(Po )‧‧‧觀看者左右眼之位置,係各自處在相鄰兩奇視景之可視範圍內之狀態時T(P o )‧‧‧ The position of the left and right eyes of the viewer is in the state of being within the visible range of the adjacent two vistas
圖1所示,係為五視景影像產生與合成之示意圖。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of five-view image generation and synthesis.
圖2所示,係為五視景視差光柵式三次元影像顯示器光學原理之示意圖。2 is a schematic diagram showing the optical principle of a five-view parallax barrier type three-dimensional image display.
圖3所示,係為五視景視差光柵式三次元影像顯示器單一視景可視範圍之示意圖。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a single viewing range of a five-view parallax barrier three-dimensional image display.
圖4所示,係為五視景視差光柵式三次元影像顯示器各視景可視範圍之示意圖。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the visual range of each view of the five-view parallax barrier type three-dimensional image display.
圖5所示,係為四視景亮度調變方法之示意圖。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a four-view brightness modulation method.
圖6所示,係為交替顯示方法之示意圖。Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing an alternate display method.
圖7所示,係顯示奇視景亮度調變合成影像時,各奇、偶視景可視範圍之示意圖。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the visible range of each odd and even view when the odd-view brightness modulation composite image is displayed.
圖8所示,係顯示偶視景亮度調變合成影像時,各奇、偶視景可視範圍之示意圖。FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the visible range of each odd and even view when the combined view brightness is modulated.
圖9所示,係為五視景亮度調變方法之示意圖。FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a five-view brightness modulation method.
圖10所示,係為五視景亮度調變改良方法之示意圖。FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a modified method of five-view brightness modulation.
圖11所示,係為四視景亮度零調變方法之示意圖。FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a four-view luminance zero modulation method.
圖12所示,係為視位置依存顯示方法之示意圖。FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a visual position dependent display method.
圖13所示,係顯示奇視景亮度零調變合成影像時,各奇、偶視景可視範圍之示意圖。FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the visible range of each odd and even view when the odd-view luminance zero-modulation composite image is displayed.
圖14所示,係顯示偶視景亮度零調變合成影像時,各奇、偶視景可視範圍之示意圖。FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing the visible range of each odd and even view when the even view brightness is zero-modulated composite image.
圖15所示,係為五視景亮度零調變改良方法之示意圖。Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of a five-view brightness zero modulation improvement method.
113’‧‧‧奇視景亮度零調變合成之影像113'‧‧‧Similar brightness brightness zero modulation composite image
114’‧‧‧偶視景亮度零調變合成之影像114’‧‧‧Immediate view of zero-tone modulation
400’‧‧‧視位置依存顯示之方法400’‧‧‧ Depending on the location dependent display method
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
TW97135421A TWI400689B (en) | 2008-09-16 | 2008-09-16 | A method of displaying a three - dimensional image |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
TW97135421A TWI400689B (en) | 2008-09-16 | 2008-09-16 | A method of displaying a three - dimensional image |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW201013628A TW201013628A (en) | 2010-04-01 |
TWI400689B true TWI400689B (en) | 2013-07-01 |
Family
ID=44829437
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW97135421A TWI400689B (en) | 2008-09-16 | 2008-09-16 | A method of displaying a three - dimensional image |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
TW (1) | TWI400689B (en) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TWI232979B (en) * | 2002-12-07 | 2005-05-21 | Sharp Kk | Multiple view display |
US20060227419A1 (en) * | 2005-04-01 | 2006-10-12 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | 3D image display device |
TW200730878A (en) * | 2005-12-14 | 2007-08-16 | Eastman Kodak Co | Stereoscopic display apparatus using LCD panel |
-
2008
- 2008-09-16 TW TW97135421A patent/TWI400689B/en active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TWI232979B (en) * | 2002-12-07 | 2005-05-21 | Sharp Kk | Multiple view display |
US20060227419A1 (en) * | 2005-04-01 | 2006-10-12 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | 3D image display device |
TW200730878A (en) * | 2005-12-14 | 2007-08-16 | Eastman Kodak Co | Stereoscopic display apparatus using LCD panel |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW201013628A (en) | 2010-04-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US9414049B2 (en) | Method and display for showing a stereoscopic image | |
JP6061852B2 (en) | Video display device and video display method | |
TWI420152B (en) | A Method of Multi - view Three - dimensional Image Display | |
JP6018057B2 (en) | Video display device and video display method | |
US8456516B2 (en) | Methods and systems for stereoscopic imaging | |
CN104539935B (en) | The adjusting method and adjusting means of brightness of image, display device | |
JP6411025B2 (en) | Time-division parallax barrier autostereoscopic image display device | |
JP2010524309A (en) | Method and configuration for three-dimensional display | |
JP2013016966A (en) | Display device | |
CN208257981U (en) | A kind of LED naked-eye 3D display device based on sub-pixel | |
EP2541948B1 (en) | Stereoscopic image display method and display timing controller | |
Kakeya et al. | Time-division quadruplexing parallax barrier with subpixel-based slit control | |
JP2011186224A5 (en) | ||
WO2023056865A1 (en) | Naked-eye 3d display method and related device | |
US20050012814A1 (en) | Method for displaying multiple-view stereoscopic images | |
TWI471607B (en) | Hybrid multiplexed 3d display and displaying method of hybrid multiplexed 3d image | |
US9955145B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for flicker reduction and contrast enhancement in 3D displays | |
Watanabe et al. | A full-HD super-multiview display based on adaptive time-division multiplexing parallax barrier | |
Minami et al. | Portrait and landscape mode convertible stereoscopic display using parallax barrier | |
Nam et al. | 7.3: Auto‐Stereoscopic Swing 3D Display | |
US20220353481A1 (en) | Projection system and method for three-dimensional images | |
TWI400689B (en) | A method of displaying a three - dimensional image | |
Watanabe et al. | 68‐3: A Super‐Multiview Display with Horizontal and Vertical Parallax by Time Division and Color Multiplexing | |
KR20160021650A (en) | Lenticular lens type stereoscopic 3d display device | |
Kakeya et al. | P‐25: A Light‐Field Near‐to‐Eye Display with Time and Color Multiplexing |