TWI399549B - Apparatus for detecting microwave and the method thereof - Google Patents

Description

Device for detecting microwave and method thereof

The present invention relates to an apparatus for detecting microwaves and a method thereof, and more particularly to an apparatus and method for detecting a spin up current and a spin down current of a microwave.

The "second generation" spin current measuring devices have placed a large amount of focus on the dynamics of the coherent spin state and the spins in metals and semiconductors. This requires maintaining and controlling the spin with the external (additional) or internal (essentially present) net magnetic field. A notable example of this phenomenon and the inclusion of coherent spins and time evolution is the spin-transfer torque, in which a sufficiently large density of spin current can be injected into the ferromagnetic layer: (i Switching the magnetization of the ferromagnetic layer from a rest state to another state and (ii) causing the magnetization of the ferromagnetic layer to produce a dynamical situation with steady state precession magnetization. The inverse (inversion) effect of the Spin-transfer torque is called spin pumping. We note that there is no need to apply any bias in the spin pumping effect. Via a microwave-driven method, a single ferromagnetic layer under ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) conditions absorbs the angular momentum of the microwave, which emits pure spin currents to adjacent metal layers.

Early experiments have observed that the spin current emitted from the ferromagnetic layer (F) layer is accompanied by magnetization by an increase in the Gilbert damping of the magnetizing force in the nonlinear structure. Recent experiments have converted the emitted spin current into a volt signal via the inverse spin Hall effect. Other measurement structures consider N/F/N (F-ferromagnetic layer, N-metal layer) multilayer materials, using reflow caused by reflection at different F/N (F-ferromagnetic layer, N-metal layer) interface The spin current is converted into a measurable voltage signal in the pre-energized ferromagnetic layer (ie, the ferromagnetic layer to which the microwave is applied). Since fast precessing spins with frequencies in the GHz range can be emitted from the ferromagnetic layer to adjacent metal layers, these experiments suggest that the spin pumping device can be used as a spin current (spin). Current) is used by the generator. The fast precessing spins provide new functionality in the application of metal spintronics. The frequency of the microwave can be measured by the spin current.

Please refer to the first figure. The first figure shows a device for detecting microwaves. The device for detecting microwaves includes: a ferromagnetic layer 101, a metal layer 102, a first wire 103, and a a second wire 104, wherein a first end of the metal layer 102 is coupled to a first end of the ferromagnetic layer 101; a second end of the metal layer 102 is coupled to a first end of the first wire 103 The second end of the ferromagnetic layer 101 is coupled to a first end of the second wire 104. This is a conventional device for detecting microwaves.

After the ferromagnetic layer 101 receives a microwave, since the ferromagnetic layer 101 itself has a spin and the microwave has an angular momentum, the ferromagnetic layer 101 continuously absorbs microwaves at a certain frequency. The angular momentum, and according to the law of conservation of angular momentum, the ferromagnetic layer 101 will release the excess angular momentum in the form of a spin, so that we can measure the spin current.

Because of the conventional device for measuring the spin current, the concept of "angular momentum" has not been introduced, and therefore there is no spin up current and spin down current concept for the measured current. The introduction. Therefore, the conventionally measured spin currents are the sum of the spin up current and the spin down current. Therefore, when we use the voltage measured by the conventional spin current device (the voltage measured by the conventional spin current device is about nV level) to estimate the frequency (f) that the microwave is input into. The value obtained is far from the actual value or the ideal value (the ideal voltage is about μV level). When used as a sensor to detect microwaves, it will result in inaccurate and insensitive results.

For the sake of the job, the applicant has been able to overcome the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, through careful experimentation and research, and a perseverance spirit, and finally conceived the "device and method for detecting microwaves". Disadvantages, the following is a brief description of the case.

The present invention is for detecting a microwave device and a method thereof. To achieve the object, the technical means used in the present invention provides a device having four wires connected to each other on both sides of a ferromagnetic layer and introducing angular momentum. The concept is to enable the device to have high sensitivity and to measure the voltage of the μv level that cannot be measured by conventional techniques.

A first concept of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting microwaves, the method comprising the steps of: (a) providing a first ferromagnetic layer having a first side and a second side, a first a set of wires and a second set of wires; (b) receiving a microwave by the first ferromagnetic layer and generating a first current and a second current; and (c) transmitting the first set of wires and the second A set of wires is used to measure the first current and the second current.

According to the above concept, the first set of wires includes: a first wire having a first end and a second end; and a second wire having a first end and a second end; and the second set of wires includes a third wire having a first end and a second end; and a fourth wire having a first end and a second end.

According to the above concept, the first current of the step (c) is a spin down current, and the second current is a spin up current.

According to the above concept, the step (a) further comprises the steps of: (a1) providing an insulator layer having a first side and a second side; (a2) abutting the first side of the insulator layer to the first iron The first side of the magnetic layer; and (a3) respectively coupling the first set of wires and the second set of wires to the second side of the insulator layer and the second side of the first ferromagnetic layer.

According to the above concept, the step (a) comprises the steps of: (a1) providing an insulator layer and a second ferromagnetic layer having a first side and a second side; (a2) respectively adjoining the sides of the insulator layer And the first side of the first ferromagnetic layer and the first side of the second ferromagnetic layer; and (a3) respectively coupling the first set of wires and the second set of wires to the second ferromagnetic layer The second side and the second side of the first ferromagnetic layer.

A second aspect of the present invention provides a device for detecting microwaves, comprising: a ferromagnetic layer having a first side and a second side for receiving a microwave to generate a first current and a second And a first set of wires and a second set of wires respectively coupled to the first side and the second side of the ferromagnetic layer for transmitting the first current generated by the ferromagnetic layer and The second current.

According to the above concept, the first set of wires includes: a first wire having a first end and a second end, the first end of the first wire being coupled to the first side of the ferromagnetic layer a first upper end; and a second wire having a first end and a second end, the first end of the second wire being coupled to a first lower end of the first side of the ferromagnetic layer; The second set of wires includes: a third wire having a first end and a second end, the first end of the third wire being coupled to a second upper end of the second side of the ferromagnetic layer; a first end and a second end of a fourth wire, the first end of the fourth wire being coupled to a second lower end of the second side of the ferromagnetic layer.

According to the above concept, the method further includes: a first metal layer, the first set of wires is connected to the ferromagnetic layer through the first metal layer; and a second metal layer, the second set of wires passing through the second metal layer Connected to the ferromagnetic layer.

According to the above concept, the first current is a spin up current, and the second current is a spin down current.

According to the above concept, further comprising an insulator layer having a first side and a second side, the first side of the insulator layer being adjacent to the first side of the ferromagnetic layer, and the first set of wires and the first Two sets of wires are respectively coupled to the second side of the insulator layer and the second side of the ferromagnetic layer.

According to the above concept, the first set of wires includes: a first wire having a first end and a second end, the first end of the first wire being coupled to a first upper end of the second side of the insulator layer And a second wire having a first end and a second end, the first end of the second wire being coupled to a first lower end of the second side of the insulator layer; and the second set of wires The method includes: a third wire having a first end and a second end, the first end of the third wire being coupled to a second upper end of the second side of the ferromagnetic layer; and having a first end And a fourth wire of the second end, the first end of the fourth wire is coupled to a second lower end of the second side of the ferromagnetic layer.

According to the above concept, further comprising: a first metal layer, wherein the first set of wires are connected to the insulator layer through the first metal layer; and a second metal layer, the second set of wires passing through the second metal layer The ferromagnetic layer is connected.

A third aspect of the present invention provides a device for detecting microwaves, including: a first ferromagnetic layer having a first side and a second side for receiving a microwave to generate a first current and a first a second ferromagnetic layer having a first side and a second side, an insulator layer, wherein the two sides of the insulator layer respectively adjoin the first side of the first ferromagnetic layer and the second iron The first side of the magnetic layer; and a first set of wires and a second set of wires for transmitting the first current and the second current generated by the first ferromagnetic layer.

According to the above concept, the first set of wires and the second set of wires are respectively coupled to the second side of the second ferromagnetic layer and the second side of the first ferromagnetic layer.

According to the above concept, the first set of wires includes: a first wire having a first end and a second end, the first end of the first wire being coupled to the second side of the first ferromagnetic layer a first upper end; and a second wire having a first end and a second end, the first end of the second wire being coupled to a first side of the second side of the first ferromagnetic layer And the second set of wires includes: a third wire having a first end and a second end, the first end of the third wire being coupled to the second side of the second ferromagnetic layer a second upper end; and a fourth wire having a first end and a second end, the first end of the fourth wire being coupled to a second lower end of the second side of the second ferromagnetic layer.

According to the above concept, further comprising: a first metal layer, the first set of wires being connected to the first ferromagnetic layer through the first metal layer; and a second metal layer, the second set of wires passing through the second A metal layer is coupled to the second ferromagnetic layer.

According to the above concept, the first current is a spin up current, and the second current is a spin down current.

A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a device for detecting microwaves, comprising: a ferromagnetic layer having a first side and a second side for receiving a microwave to generate a first current and a second current And a first set of wires coupled to the first side of the ferromagnetic layer for transmitting the first current and the second current generated by the ferromagnetic layer.

According to the above concept, the first set of wires includes: a first wire having a first end and a second end, the first end of the first wire being coupled to the first side of the ferromagnetic layer a first upper end; and a second wire having a first end and a second end, the first end of the second wire being coupled to a first lower end of the first side of the ferromagnetic layer.

According to the above concept, the first current is a spin up current, and the second current is a spin down current.

The following describes the preferred embodiment of the method for improving the sensitivity of the detecting microwave sensing device and providing a method for detecting the microwave, but the actual configuration and the manner of the method are not necessarily completely in accordance with the described content. The artist can make various changes and modifications without departing from the actual spirit and scope of the case. Those skilled in the art will understand that the description below is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting.

Please refer to the second figure, which is a schematic structural diagram of a laboratory coordinate in a conventional method for detecting microwaves. The second graph is a one-dimensional model that details the basic physical phenomena of pumping by precessing spins to obtain a resolvable solution for the magnitude of the pumped current. As can be seen from the second figure, we use the first ferromagnetic layer 10 to receive a microwave, the first ferromagnetic layer 10 with a spin, the spin pre-moving motion around the z-axis and the z-axis There is a cone angle. The microwave has an angular momentum ω. When the frequency is at a certain frequency, the angular momentum is absorbed by the spin and generates a spin current on the left and right sides, and the first wire 11 and the third wire 32 are The spin current is transmitted to a voltmeter, an ammeter, or other tool for measuring current (not shown) to measure the current and thereby derive the frequency at which the microwave is drawn. The following describes how to use the theoretical calculation method to introduce the concept of calculation of angular momentum.

First, we introduce unbalanced Green in F/I/F (F-ferromagnetic layer, I-insulator layer) and F/I/N (F-ferromagnetic layer, I-insulator layer, N-metal layer) bonding. The function (NEGF) method is used to explain spin pumping. We note that the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) can study the spin release by acting on a finite-size paramagnetic device with a time-varying field, thus simulating a real experimental setup. In addition, the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) method uses a microscopic Hamiltonian as input, which results in (i) the geometry of the experimental setup, (ii) the nature of the insulator barrier, and (iii) spin flip (spin). -flip) effects can all be considered. The Non-Equilibrium Green's Function (NEGF) method is better able to calculate the electronic fraction and magnetic structure near the F/I (F-ferromagnetic layer, I insulator layer) interface in the real world via the first principle.

In addition, the Non-Equilibrium Green's Function (NEGF) method gives a simple physical diagram to explain the spin-up in a ferromagnetic multilayer system. We use the widely used Stoner-type Hamiltonian.

To describe the system of research. It is noted that the tightly bound Hamiltonian base in equation (1) is represented by atomic local orbital. The time-varying field is described by a unit vector m ( t ) along the local magnetization direction. This time varying field takes into account steady-state precessing with a cone angle 沿 along the z-axis. Operator Used to generate (destroy) electrons (at the r position and the energy level with electron spin σ), and γ (as shown in the second figure) is the adjacent electron hopping energy. The coupling of the flowing electrons is described via the material-dependent exchange potential energy Δ _r to collect the magnetic force, wherein Is the Pauli matrices It is a matrix element. Here, ε _r (not shown in the second figure) is the potential energy at position r, which can describe potential barriers (like ε _r = ε _l on the other side of the second graph), disordered The external magnetic field, as well as the gate voltage. We consider semi-infinite electrodes (without spin and electron interaction). Each electrode has the same electrochemical potential energy μ _p = E _F (not shown), where E _F is Fermi energy.

The non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) consists of two basic functions: (i) the retarded,

And (ii) lower (the lesser)

The Green's function (<...> is an unbalanced statistical average) describes the available quantum states and how electrons occupy these states, respectively. In general, in the non-equilibrium problem, these Green's functions are related to two time variables, respectively. However, for the special case of the time-dependent bit energy caused by the precession magnetization, such as the spining problem, the difficult-to-handle double-time dependent non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) can be simplified. . This simplified method is to introduce a conversion This conversion corresponds to a rotary coordinate system that follows the movement of the electron spin. Therefore, Hamiltonian on the rotating coordinates

It has nothing to do with time. among them Consistent in any part of the system, including conductor samples and electrodes. this It causes spin-split in the energy band of the metal electrode. So in the rotating coordinates, Create a four-terminal interface device or equivalent circuit as shown in the third figure.

Please refer to the third figure, which is a schematic diagram of the virtual structure of the method for detecting microwaves on the rotating coordinates of the present invention. The third figure is a model under a rotating coordinate. As shown in the third figure, the microwave is received by the first ferromagnetic layer 10, and the first wire is respectively connected to both sides of the first ferromagnetic layer 10. 11. A second wire 12, the third wire 32 and a fourth wire 33, and the first wire 11 and the third wire 32 are used to transmit a spin direction generated by the first ferromagnetic layer 10. A current (not shown) is applied to the second wire 12 and the fourth wire 33 for transmitting a spin-up current (not shown) generated by the first ferromagnetic layer 10.

The device of the third figure above guides us to set the unbalanced Green's function (NEGF) to describe the current going back and forth in the four electrodes or wires, the symbol p, σ (p = L, R and σ = ↑, ↓), where Bias is . These electrodes or wires are equivalent to semi-metallic ferromagnetic electrodes (note that only one type of spin in the semi-metallic ferromagnetic electrode is emitted or absorbed). The Green's function of the rotating coordinates is as follows

Where E is the energy of the incident electron. In the above Green's function, with The atomic local-orbital is the base matrix. Delayed self-energy matrix Describes the interaction between the wire and the sample, this self-energy matrix Determine the escape rates of the spin-σ electrons.

For strong correlation systems, The distribution of electron-electron and electron-phonons will be included, while for free electron systems, it will be described by Hamiltonian 4 (Hamiltonian 4). Lower self-energy can be via Calculate, such as

Where the level broadening matrix

Is a self-consistent energy matrix of semi-infinite leads from the coordinates of the laboratory Obtained in the self-consistent energy matrix, translated The energy is equivalent to the bias voltage in the third figure.

The electronic fractional function of the DC current of the four electrodes in the rotating coordinates is as follows

Where σ=+ is spin-↑, and σ=- is spin-↓. It is noted that the electrodes of the study device in the laboratory coordinates are unbiased, while in the rotating coordinates, the converted Fermi function (9) will be applied to the spin ↑ or ↓ bias.

The basic amount of transmission of the DC current for the rotating coordinates is a spin-resolved current. Consider a current with a spin-σ from position r to an adjacent position r', such as

Spin current (11) and charge current (12) Flowing between adjacent two positions (r to adjacent position r'). Equation (10) can find the analytical solution for the model under the rotating coordinates, assuming In zero temperature, this approximation It is applicable.

The bound current in the S _Z direction is between the precession position and the ferromagnetic layer adjacent to it, as shown in the first figure. , in the case where the frequency is close to giga-HZ, Items can be ignored. here Is the self-equal energy of a one-dimensional semi-infinte wire .

The above spin current system includes the sum of the spin-up current and the spin-down current, and the spin current in the second graph cannot be measured separately. Spin-up current and spin-down current. Using the formula (4) To introduce the concept of angular momentum and to convert the time-dependent equations on the laboratory coordinates into time-independent equations on the rotating coordinate axes through equation (4), it can be found that when using the first ferromagnetic layer 10 After receiving the microwave, since the microwave itself has an angular momentum, it is absorbed by the spin at a certain frequency, and according to the law of conservation of angular momentum, the first ferromagnetic layer 10 will spin the excess angular momentum (spin) The form is released, so we can measure the spin-up current and the spin-down current (spin) through the voltmeter, ammeter or other measurable tool (not shown). -down current). The above uses the derivation of the equation to introduce the concept of angular momentum. In fact, the apparatus and method for detecting microwaves of the present invention can also be explained by means of a device, as described below.

Referring to FIG. 4, which is a device diagram of a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, the system for detecting microwaves includes the first ferromagnetic layer 10, and a first of the first ferromagnetic layers 10. The first side of the metal layer 41 is adjacent to the first ferroelectric layer 10 to generate a first current and a second current; a first end of the first wire 11 is coupled to the metal A first end of a second side of the layer 41 and a first end of a second wire 12 are coupled to a first lower end of the second side of the metal layer 41, and a first end of the third wire 32 A second upper end coupled to a second side of the first ferromagnetic layer 10 and a first end of the fourth lead 33 are coupled to a second lower end of the second side of the first ferromagnetic layer 10, Using the first wire 11 and the third wire 32 to transmit the first current and the second wire 12 and the fourth wire 33 to transmit the second current, wherein the first current is a spin-up current ( The spin up current) and the second current system are a spin down current, which is a device for detecting microwaves.

In the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the first ferromagnetic layer 10 is adjacent to the metal layer 41. For the embodiment, since the metal layer 41 is a complete conductor, it can be regarded as a part of the wire; That is to say, the effect in the embodiment of the fourth figure is equivalent to the effect of not being connected to the metal layer 41 (as shown in the fifth figure).

Please refer to FIG. 5, which is a device diagram of a second preferred embodiment of the present invention. The method for detecting a microwave system includes the first ferromagnetic layer 10, and the microwave is received by the first ferromagnetic layer 10 to generate a first current and a second current; a first end of the first wire 11 is coupled to a first upper end of the first side of the first ferromagnetic layer 10 and a first end of the second wire 12 The first end of the third wire 32 is coupled to the second upper end of the second side of the ferromagnetic layer 10 and the first end of the first ferromagnetic layer 10 A first end of the four wires 33 is coupled to the second lower end of the second side of the ferromagnetic layer 10, and the first wire 11 and the third wire 32 are used to transmit the first current and the second wire 12 and the fourth wire 33 to transmit the second current, wherein the first current is a spin up current and the second current is a current spin down current, which is A device for detecting microwaves.

In the fifth embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention, since the left and right sides of the ferromagnetic layer 10 have symmetry, in this case, the measured voltage is zero, but the currents of the left and right sides are the same. That is, the spin up current transmitted via the first wire 11 has the same current value as the spin up current transmitted by the third wire 32; via the second wire The spin down spin current transmitted by 12 has the same current value as the spin down down current transmitted by the fourth conductor 33.

Please refer to a sixth embodiment, which is a device diagram of a third preferred embodiment of the present invention. The microwave system includes a ferromagnetic layer 10, and a first side of the ferromagnetic layer 10 is adjacent to an insulator layer. a first side of the first magnetic field 10 receives the microwave to generate a first current and a second current; a first end of the first wire 11 is coupled to a second side of the insulator layer 21 The first upper end of the second wire 12 and the first end of the second wire 12 are coupled to the first lower end of the second side of the insulator layer 21, and a first end of the third wire 32 is coupled to the first iron a second upper end of the second side of the magnetic layer 10 and a first end of a fourth lead 33 are coupled to the second lower end of the second side of the first ferromagnetic layer 10, using the first lead 11 And the third wire 32 transmits the first current and the second wire 12 and the fourth wire 33 to transmit the second current, wherein the first current is a spin up current and the first current The two current system is a spin down current, which is a device for detecting microwaves.

In the sixth figure of the embodiment of the present invention, unlike the fifth figure, a layer of the insulator layer 21 is placed in the sixth figure. Generally, the structure used in the laboratory is F/I/N (F-ferromagnetic layer). , I-insulator layer, N-metal layer), can also be N/F/I/N, and like the fifth figure, this device can also regard the metal layers on the left and right sides as part of the wire. After receiving a microwave by the first ferromagnetic layer 10, since the first ferromagnetic layer 10 itself has a spin and the microwave has an angular momentum, the first ferromagnetic layer 10 is continuously at a certain frequency. Absorbing the angular momentum fed by the microwave, and according to the law of conservation of angular momentum, the first ferromagnetic layer 10 will release the excess angular momentum in the form of spin, and because of the insulator layer 21, When the form of the spin is released, the interface between the first ferromagnetic layer 10 and the insulator layer 21 is continuously penetrated and reflected, and the voltages measured on the left and right sides and the currents discharged from the left and right sides are generated. There are some differences (compared to the fifth picture).

Referring to FIG. 7 , which is a device diagram of a fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention, the microwave system includes a first ferromagnetic layer 10 , an insulator 21 , and a second ferromagnetic layer 31 . A first side of the first ferromagnetic layer 10 and a first side of the second ferromagnetic layer 31 are coupled to the first side of the first ferromagnetic layer 10, and the microwave is received by the second ferromagnetic layer 31 to generate a first a current and a second current; a first end of the first wire 11 coupled to a first upper end of the second side of the first ferromagnetic layer 10 and a first end of the second wire 12 coupled To a first lower end of the second side of the first ferromagnetic layer 10, a first end of the third wire 32 is coupled to a second upper end of the second side of the second ferromagnetic layer 31 and a second end A first end of the fourth wire 33 is coupled to the second lower second end of the second ferromagnetic layer 31, and the first wire 11 and the third wire 32 are used to transmit the first current and the first wire The second wire 12 and the fourth wire 33 transmit the second current, wherein the first current is a spin up current and the second current system It is a spin down current, which is a device for detecting microwaves.

In the seventh figure of the embodiment of the present invention, different from the sixth figure, a second layer of the second ferromagnetic layer 31 is placed in the seventh figure. Generally, the structure used in the real laboratory is F/I/F. It is N/F/I/F/N, and like the fifth figure, this device can also regard the metal layers on the left and right sides as part of the wire. After receiving the microwave by the first ferromagnetic layer 10, since the first ferromagnetic layer 10 and the second ferromagnetic layer 31 themselves have a spin and the microwave has an angular momentum, the frequency is at a certain frequency. The ferromagnetic layer 31 continuously absorbs the angular momentum fed by the microwave, and according to the law of conservation of angular momentum, the second ferromagnetic layer 31 releases the excess angular momentum in the form of spin, because the insulator When the layer 21 and the first ferromagnetic layer 10 are released in the form of spin, the interface between the first ferromagnetic layer 10 and the insulator layer 21 and the second ferromagnetic layer 31 and the The continuous penetration and reflection between the interfaces of the insulator layer 21 causes a greater difference between the voltages measured on the left and right sides and the currents discharged from the left and right sides (compared to the sixth figure).

All of the ferromagnetic layers in the above embodiments generally have N poles and S poles. For example, if the polarization direction of the first ferromagnetic layer 10 itself is upward (↑), when the first The spin released by the ferromagnetic layer 10 after receiving a microwave: it includes spin up-↑ and spin down-↓, and if the polarization direction is the same direction as the spin direction (all upwards), the spin It is easier to penetrate the ferromagnetic layer 10 upward; if the polarization direction is opposite to the spin direction (for example, the polarization direction is ↑, the spin direction is ↓), the released spin is downward. Not easy to penetrate the past.

As shown in the seventh figure, if the polarization directions of the first ferromagnetic layer 10 and the second ferromagnetic layer 31 are opposite directions, the difference in the measured voltage can be increased. When the second ferromagnetic layer 31 receives a microwave and starts to release the angular momentum in the form of spin, if the released spin is opposite to the first ferromagnetic layer 10 and the second ferromagnetic layer 31 In this case, the interface between the insulator layer 21 and the second ferromagnetic layer 31 is reflected once, and the interface between the first ferromagnetic layer 10 and the insulator layer 21 is again reflected once. The spin current discharged from the wire 11 and the second wire 12 may be smaller than the current of the third wire 32 and the fourth wire 33 (because the first wire 11 and the second wire 12 are The spin current is reflected twice, so the difference in voltage measured is larger, and the direction of the released spin can be known by this method. For example, when the equivalent voltage is large, it is known. It is released as a spin-up current. On the other hand, if the measured voltage is small, it is known as a spin-down current. When used as a sensor for detecting microwaves, it has a relatively high sensitivity.

Please refer to the eighth embodiment, which is a device diagram of a fifth preferred embodiment of the present invention. The method for detecting a microwave system includes the first ferromagnetic layer 10, and the microwave is received by the first ferromagnetic layer 10 to generate a first current and a second current; a first end of the first wire 11 is coupled to a first upper end of the second side of the first ferromagnetic layer 10 and a first end of the second wire 12 The first lower end of the second side of the first ferromagnetic layer 10 is coupled to the first current and the second current 12 to transmit the second current. One current is a spin up current and the second current is a spin down current, which is a device for detecting microwaves.

In the eighth embodiment, the single-ended structure for detecting microwaves in the present case is described, and the first wire 11 and the second wire 12 are used to transmit a spin up current and a spin down ( Spin down current), and the above embodiments can be converted into a single-ended external lead structure mode, and the effect obtained is the same as the double-ended structure (two wires are connected at both ends), and the cost of the device is Said single-ended structure is better than double-ended structure.

In summary, the present invention can provide a device for detecting microwaves and a method thereof, and introduce the concept of angular momentum by using the device of the present invention, and provide the first wire 11 and the third wire 32 in the above structures. And the second wire 12 and the fourth wire 33 are used for transmitting a spin-up current and a spin-down current and measuring a voltage of a μV level, which breaks through the prior art, does not introduce the concept of angular momentum, and cannot The voltage of the μV level is measured, but the method and structure of the microwave detecting sensor of the present invention are highly sensitive. The technology of this case is extremely simple, the manufacturing cost is extremely low and the application is extremely high. It has the value of the industry, and the invention patent application is filed according to law.

The above descriptions of the present invention are described in detail by the preferred embodiments, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Therefore, those skilled in the art should be able to clarify that the appropriate changes and adjustments will not detract from the essence of the case. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the case, it should be further implemented in this case, that is, the equal changes and modifications made by the company in accordance with the scope of the patent application of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the patent of the present invention. Mingjian, and pray for the right, is the prayer.

101. . . Ferromagnetic layer

102. . . Metal layer

103. . . First wire

104. . . Second wire

10. . . First ferromagnetic layer

twenty one. . . Insulator layer

11. . . First wire

31. . . Second ferromagnetic layer

12. . . Second wire

41. . . Metal layer

32. . . Third wire

33. . . Fourth wire

Figure 1: A device diagram for detecting microwaves;

Figure 2: Schematic diagram of the structure of the laboratory coordinates in the conventional method of detecting microwaves;

Figure 3: Schematic diagram of the detection microwave virtual structure on the rotating coordinates;

Figure 4 is a view showing a first preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a view showing a second preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 6 is a view showing a third preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 7 is a view showing a fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention; and

Figure 8 is a view showing a fifth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

10. . . First ferromagnetic layer

11. . . First wire

12. . . Second wire

32. . . Third wire

33. . . Fourth wire

Claims (20)

A method for detecting microwaves, the method comprising the steps of: (a) providing a first ferromagnetic layer having a first side and a second side, a first set of wires, and a second set of wires; b) receiving a microwave by the first ferromagnetic layer and generating a first current and a second current; and (c) measuring the first current through the first set of wires and the second set of wires The second current. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of wires comprises: a first wire having a first end and a second end; and a second having a first end and a second end And the second set of wires includes: a third wire having a first end and a second end; and a fourth wire having a first end and a second end. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first current of the step (c) is a spin down current, and the second current is a spin up. Current. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (a) further comprises the steps of: (a1) providing an insulator layer having a first side and a second side; (a2) abutting the insulator layer The first side to the first side of the first ferromagnetic layer; and (a3) respectively coupling the first set of wires and the second set of wires to the second side of the insulator layer and the first ferromagnetic layer The second side. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (a) comprises the steps of: (a1) providing an insulator layer and a second ferromagnetic layer having a first side and a second side; (a2) Adjacent to the first side of the first ferromagnetic layer and the first side of the second ferromagnetic layer, and (a3) respectively coupled to the first set of wires and the second group a wire to the second side of the second ferromagnetic layer and the second side of the first ferromagnetic layer. An apparatus for detecting microwaves, comprising: a ferromagnetic layer having a first side and a second side for receiving a microwave to generate a first current and a second current; and a first set of wires And a second set of wires respectively coupled to the first side and the second side of the ferromagnetic layer for transmitting the first current and the second current generated by the ferromagnetic layer. The device of claim 6, wherein the first set of wires comprises: a first wire having a first end and a second end, the first end of the first wire being coupled to the iron a first upper end of the first side of the magnetic layer; and a second wire having a first end and a second end, the first end of the second wire being coupled to the first side of the ferromagnetic layer a first lower end; and the second set of wires includes: a third wire having a first end and a second end, the first end of the third wire being coupled to the second end of the ferromagnetic layer a second upper end of the side; and a fourth wire having a first end and a second end, the first end of the fourth wire being coupled to a second lower end of the second side of the ferromagnetic layer. The device of claim 6, further comprising: a first metal layer, the first set of wires being connected to the ferromagnetic layer through the first metal layer; and a second metal layer, the second A group of wires is connected to the ferromagnetic layer through the second metal layer. The device of claim 6, wherein the first current is a spin up current and the second current is a spin down current. The device of claim 6, further comprising an insulator layer having a first side and a second side, the first side of the insulator layer being adjacent to the first side of the ferromagnetic layer, and The first set of wires and the second set of wires are respectively coupled to the second side of the insulator layer and the second side of the ferromagnetic layer. The device of claim 10, wherein the first set of wires comprises: a first wire having a first end and a second end, the first end of the first wire being coupled to the insulator layer a first upper end of the second side; and a second wire having a first end and a second end, the first end of the second wire being coupled to a first side of the second side of the insulator layer And a second wire comprising: a first end and a second end, the first end of the third wire being coupled to the second side of the ferromagnetic layer And a fourth wire having a first end and a second end, the first end of the fourth wire being coupled to a second lower end of the second side of the ferromagnetic layer. The device of claim 10, further comprising: a first metal layer, wherein the first set of wires are connected to the insulator layer through the first metal layer; and a second metal layer, the second group A wire is connected to the ferromagnetic layer through the second metal layer. An apparatus for detecting microwaves includes: a first ferromagnetic layer having a first side and a second side for receiving a microwave to generate a first current and a second current; and a second ferromagnetic The layer has a first side and a second side, an insulator layer, wherein the two sides of the insulator layer respectively adjoin the first side of the first ferromagnetic layer and the first side of the second ferromagnetic layer; And a first set of wires and a second set of wires for transmitting the first current and the second current generated by the first ferromagnetic layer. The device of claim 13, wherein the first set of wires and the second set of wires are respectively coupled to the second side of the second ferromagnetic layer and the second side of the first ferromagnetic layer side. The device of claim 13 , wherein the first set of wires comprises: a first wire having a first end and a second end, the first end of the first wire being coupled to the first a first upper end of the second side of the ferromagnetic layer; and a second wire having a first end and a second end, the first end of the second wire being coupled to the first ferromagnetic layer a first lower end of the second side; and the second set of wires includes: a third wire having a first end and a second end, the first end of the third wire being coupled to the second iron a second upper end of the second side of the magnetic layer; and a fourth wire having a first end and a second end, the first end of the fourth wire being coupled to the second ferromagnetic layer A second lower end on the two sides. The device of claim 13, further comprising: a first metal layer, the first set of wires being connected to the first ferromagnetic layer through the first metal layer; and a second metal layer, A second set of wires is connected to the second ferromagnetic layer through the second metal layer. The device of claim 13, wherein the first current is a spin up current and the second current is a spin down current. An apparatus for detecting microwaves includes: a ferromagnetic layer having a first side and a second side for receiving a microwave to generate a first current and a second current; and a first set of wires, The first side of the ferromagnetic layer is coupled to the first current and the second current generated by the ferromagnetic layer. The device of claim 18, wherein the first set of wires comprises: a first wire having a first end and a second end, the first end of the first wire being coupled to the iron a first upper end of the first side of the magnetic layer; and a second wire having a first end and a second end, the first end of the second wire being coupled to the first side of the ferromagnetic layer A first lower end. The device of claim 18, wherein the first current is a spin up current and the second current is a spin down current.