TWI395390B - Electrical machinery - Google Patents

Description

Motor unit

The present invention relates to a motor device, and more particularly to a flux switching type motor device in which a stator is provided with an armature winding and/or a field winding, and a stator and a mover are provided with a convex tooth and a groove portion.

The motor device includes a motor and a generator, and the structure generally includes a stator and a mover. Generally, the permanent magnet of the permanent magnet brushless motor is located on the mover, but the magnet can also be located on the stator, such as the magnetic flux switching type permanent magnet motor disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,672,925. Generally, a low-speed motor is more likely to obtain a large torque characteristic if the multi-pole is designed. However, due to the stator winding and structural strength requirements, the number of stator slots and the number of poles have physical limitations. The sticking process of the multi-pole pole magnets also causes problems. Therefore, U.S. Patent Nos. 4,190,779, 4,695,777, and 4,712,028 disclose a brushless motor having no permanent magnets to achieve a multi-pole. A permanent magnet brushless motor is disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,757,220 and 7,064,468 to achieve a multi-pole. Therefore, how to efficiently generate a multi-pole motor structure is an issue that the industry is eager to solve.

The present invention provides an electric machine arrangement that can be used in a motor or generator. The motor device mainly includes a stator 11 and a mover 12, and the mover 12 is formed with n first equidistantly arranged first convex teeth 121 facing the stator 11, and each of the two first convex teeth 121 is spaced apart by a first groove portion 124. The stator 11 is formed with a plurality of grooves 115 facing the mover 12, and each of the grooves 115 is open to the end of the mover 12 with a second groove portion 117. The number of the grooves 115 is S, and the movement between each two grooves 115 is toward the mover. The third groove portion 119 is opened, and the armature winding 13 spanning the groove portion 115 is wound between the adjacent third groove portions 119. At least one second protruding tooth 110 is formed between each of the second groove portions 117 and its adjacent third groove portion 119. The width of the second groove portion 117 of the stator 11 is e times the width of the second convex tooth 110; the width of the third groove portion 119 of the stator 11 is f times the width of the second convex tooth 110; every two adjacent The second groove portions 117 include 2t second protruding teeth 110; the width of the first groove portion 124 of the mover 12 is k times the width of the first protruding teeth 121. Where e, f, m, Q, t, k, and n are configuration parameters. When the number of phases of the motor device is P, the total number S of the groove portions 115 has a first configuration relationship with the phase number P; e and f have a second configuration relationship; m, P, Q, t, k, e, and f have the first Three configuration relationships; n, m, k, and Q have a fourth configuration relationship.

The motor device according to the above configuration relationship of the present invention has quite excellent performance. Please refer to FIGS. 7A to 7D, which are one embodiment of the motor device proposed by the present invention, wherein the stator has three phases (P=3). The number of the first convex teeth of the 12-slot and the mover 12 is n=38. 7A to 7D are diagrams in which the mover 12 advances 90 degrees, 180 degrees, 270 degrees, and 360 degrees of electrical angle to the left. It can be seen from FIG. 7A to FIG. 7D that the sum of the convex tooth widths W01+W02+W03+W04 of the second convex teeth 110 of the stator 11 and the first convex teeth 121 of the mover 12 is in four kinds of electrical When the angle is almost constant, it is expected that the convex tooth width W01+ of the second convex tooth 110 of the stator 11 and the first convex tooth 121 of the mover 12 overlap at each electrical angle during the operation of the mover 12. The sum of W02+W03+W04 is also almost fixed. For the design of a general doubly salient motor device (including a motor and a generator), if the sum of the convex tooth widths W01+W02+W03+W04 of the stator 11 and the mover 12 overlaps, the variation amount during operation is large. The turning torque is large; if the sum of the convex tooth widths W01+W02+W03+W04 of the stator 11 and the mover 12 overlaps, the variation amount during the operation is small, and the torque is small. The sum of the convex tooth widths W01+W02+W03+W04 of the stator 11 and the mover 12 of the motor device proposed by the present invention is almost constant during operation, so the torque is extremely low, unlike the general biconvex The pole motor has a great torque.

Therefore, the main object of the present invention is to provide a motor device that can easily achieve multiple magnetic poles and low torques by adjusting the configuration parameters. When the auxiliary field windings are matched, the current of the field windings can be adjusted. Control the air gap flux density to achieve the function of weak magnetic or magnetizing, which is very suitable for applications such as direct drive electric motor or wind power generator.

A secondary object of the present invention is to provide a motor device which is characterized by easy adjustment of high torque even at low rotational speeds by adjustment of configuration parameters.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a motor device which has a low torque and a smooth operation by adjusting the configuration parameters.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a motor device that can be used in an electric motor, particularly a motor of an electric vehicle, to improve the performance of the electric vehicle.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric machine unit that can be used in a generator, particularly a wind power generator, to improve the performance of the wind power generator.

Since the present invention discloses a flux switching type permanent magnet motor device, the principle of the motor used can be referred to the seminar paper E. Hoang, AH Ben-Ahmed, and J. Lucidarme, "Switching flux permanent magnet polyphased synchronous machines," in Proc . 7th Eur. Conf. Power Electronics and Applications , 1997, vol. 3, pp. 903-908. Therefore, the description below will not be fully described. At the same time, the drawings referred to in the following texts express the structural schematics related to the features of the present invention, and need not be completely drawn according to the actual size, which is first described.

Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a schematic diagram of a top view of a motor device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The motor unit 9 may be an external mover motor, an internal mover motor, a linear motor, an axial air gap motor, a stepping motor, or a generator, etc., and its structure will be further described below. The motor device 9 mainly includes a stator 11 and a mover 12, among which n first convex teeth 121 and n first groove portions 124 are formed, and the first groove portion 124 is disposed at every two adjacent first convex portions. Between the teeth 121. These first protruding teeth 121 are in an equidistant arrangement and are arranged in a direction toward the stator 11.

The stator 11 is formed with a plurality of groove portions 115, a second groove portion 117, a third groove portion 119, and a second protruding tooth 110. The groove portion 115 is directed toward the mover 12, and each groove portion 115 is provided with a second groove portion 117 toward the end of the mover 12. The number of the groove portions 115 is S, and a third groove is formed between each of the two groove portions 115 toward the mover 12. Part 119. The second protruding teeth 110 are disposed between each of the second groove portions 117 and the third groove portion 119 adjacent thereto.

The shape of the groove portion 115 can be variously designed according to actual needs. See FIGS. 1 and 5, the groove portion 115 may be formed with an open end 1151 penetrating the stator 11 at the other end opposite to the second groove portion 117; As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the groove portion 115 may be formed opposite to the other end of the second groove portion 117 so as not to open the closed end 1150. Further, in FIG. 4, the groove portion 115 is adjacent to the closed end 1150, and the fourth groove portion 218 may be further laterally opened. Further, for the design requirement, the groove portion 115 and the second groove portion 117 may have the same width and merge into one.

Referring again to FIG. 1, in order to achieve the magnetic induction of the motor device, the stator 11 must be provided with an armature winding 13. The armature winding 13 is wound between two adjacent third groove portions 119 and spans the groove portion 115 such that the groove portion 115 is located in the armature winding 13. Referring to FIG. 5 again, the closed end 1191 of the third groove portion 119 can further open the sixth groove portion 1193 laterally, and the armature windings 13 are respectively disposed between the adjacent sixth groove portions 1193.

The stator 11 may further be provided with a permanent magnet 16. A permanent magnet 16 is disposed in each of the grooves 115 and is spanned by the armature windings 13. When the groove portion 115 and the second groove portion 117 have the same width, the permanent magnet 16 can simultaneously fill the groove portion 115 and the second groove portion 117.

Referring to Figure 3, the motor assembly 9 of the present invention may be further configured with a plurality of field windings. The first field winding 29 is between every two adjacent second groove portions 117 and spans the third groove portion 119. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, a second field winding 20 is further wound between every two adjacent fourth groove portions 218. It must be emphasized that, as in the motor device 9 shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4, after the first field winding 29 and/or the second field winding 20 are provided, if the cost or structural design requirements are to be reduced, The permanent magnet 16 therein can be removed, and the magnetic lines of force of the permanent magnet 16 are replaced by magnetic lines of force generated by the first field winding 29 or the second field winding or both. In addition, in FIG. 4, the first field winding 29 and the second field winding 20 may be disposed at the same time, or only one of them may be provided.

Referring to FIG. 5, in order to increase the number of poles P, the motor device 9 of the present invention also has the number of second protruding teeth 110 disposed between each of the second groove portions 117 and the adjacent third groove portion 119. can There are two (or more), and a fifth groove portion 280 is formed between the two second protruding teeth 110. The pair of fifth groove portions 280 that span the second groove portion 117 may further include the armature winding 13 as needed.

The motor device 9 proposed by the present invention has a special configuration parameter and configuration relationship, and can strengthen and elastically adjust the performance of the motor device 9. The configuration parameters and configuration relationship will be described in detail below, and please refer to Figures 6A to 6C.

The configuration parameters include a, b, e, f, t, k, m, P, Q, and S, where t, k, m, P, Q, and S are all greater than 0, and a and b are integers greater than or equal to 0. And wherein t, P, Q, and S are positive integers; each of the two adjacent second groove portions 117 includes 2t second protruding teeth 110; k is the width of the first groove portion 124 of the mover 12 and The ratio of the width of the first convex tooth 121; e is the ratio of the width of the second groove portion 117 of the stator 11 to the width of the second convex tooth 110; f is the width of the third groove portion 119 of the stator 11 and the width of the second convex tooth 110 Ratio; in actual design, the above configuration parameters may be optimized by design and may not have an integer relationship. In addition, when calculating the number of teeth n of the first convex teeth 121 of the mover 12, e and f may take a value of 0, and the practical meaning is that the ratio of the groove width of the second groove portion 117 to the width of the second convex tooth 110 is extremely small. For example less than 0.3 tooth width.

The number of phases of the motor device is P; the total number of the groove portions 115 is S; the above configuration parameters must conform to the first configuration relationship: S = 2 * P * Q; the above configuration parameters must conform to the second configuration relationship: at different k, e and f must satisfy e=(k+1)a and f=(k+1)b+k-1, or e=(k+1)a+1 and f=(k+1)b+k- 2, , , or e=(k+1)a+k-1 and f=(k+1)b; third configuration relationship: m=2 * P * Q *(2 *(t *(1+ k)-k)+e+f); fourth configuration relationship: n=m/(k+1), or n=m/(k+1)±1, or n=m/(k+1)± Q.

The second configuration relationship is that k is an independent variable, and when the value of k is increased, the second configuration relationship generates more combinations. For example, when k=1, the second configuration relationship may be further set to (e=2a and f=2b).

When k=2, the second configuration relationship may be further set to (e=3a and f=3b+1); or (e=3a+1 and f=3b).

When k=3, the second configuration relationship may be further set to (e=4a and f=4b+2) or (e=4a+1 and f=4b+1) or (e=4a+2 and f=4b) ); when k=4, 5, 6, 7, . . . , can be deduced by analogy. That is, for each of the preset values of the configuration parameter k, e and f may satisfy any one of the second configuration relationships described above.

The fourth configuration relationship described above, when P=1, that is, a single-phase motor, n=m/(k+1) is applicable; when P≧2, that is, a multi-phase motor, n=m/(k+1) is applicable. ±1 or n=m/(k+1)±Q.

According to the above configuration parameters and configuration relationship, several configuration embodiments are proposed below:

First embodiment

k=1, t=1, P=3, Q=2, take a=1, b=1 to get e=2, f=2, so m=2*3*2*(2*(2-1 +2+2)=12*6=72, n=72/2±1=35 or 37; n=72/2±2=34 or 38.

Therefore, the number n of the first convex teeth 121 of the mover 12 may be 35, 37, 34 or 38.

Second real case

k=1, t=2, P=3, Q=2, take a=1, b=1 to get e=2, f=2, so m=2*3*2*(2*(4-1 +2+2)=12*10=120, n=120/2±1=61 or 59; n=120/2±2=62 or 58.

Therefore, the number n of the first convex teeth 121 of the mover 12 may be 61, 59, 62 or 58.

Third embodiment

k=2, t=1, P=3, Q=2, Let a=1, b=0, take (e=3a and f=3b+1), get e=3, f=1, so m=2*3*2*(2*(3-2)+3 +1)=12*6=72, n=72/3±1=23 or 25; n=72/3±2=22 or 26.

Therefore, the number n of the first convex teeth 121 of the mover 12 may be 23, 25, 22 or 26.

Fourth embodiment

k=2, t=2, P=3, Q=2, let a=1, b=0, take (e=3a and f=3b+1), get e=3, f=1, so m= 2*3*2*(2*(6-2)+3+1)=12*12=144, n=144/3±1=47 or 49; n=144/3±2=46 or 50.

Therefore, the number n of the first convex teeth 121 of the mover 12 may be 47, 49, 46 or 50.

With the above design, when the rotor 12 is operated at various angles, the convex tooth width W01+W02+W03+W04 of the second convex tooth 110 of the stator 11 and the first convex tooth 121 of the mover 12 are also almost Fixed, the amount of variation is extremely small, as shown in Figures 7A through 7D. Therefore, the motor device of the present invention has an extremely low torque, unlike the conventional doubly salient motor, which has a large torque.

See Figure 8A. The horizontal axis is the electrical angle (0 to 100 degrees) at which the mover 12 is running. The vertical axis is its corresponding torque, where n = 10 and the first convex tooth of the mover is 10. The tooth is a conventional technique of a flux-switching type permanent magnet motor device, and the corresponding rotatory torque is the right vertical axis; n=38, and the first convex tooth of the mover is 38 teeth, which is the second figure of the present invention. The motor device; n=62, the first convex tooth of the mover is 62 teeth, which is the motor device proposed in Fig. 5 of the present invention, and the corresponding unit of the torque is the left vertical axis. As is clear from Fig. 8A, the motor device of the present invention has a very low tumbling torque and a significant improvement in efficiency compared to the prior art.

See Figure 8B. The horizontal axis is the electrical angle (0 degrees to 100 degrees) at which the mover 12 operates, and the vertical axis is its corresponding back electromotive force, where n = 10 and the first convex tooth of the mover is 10 teeth. A conventional technique for a flux-switching type permanent magnet motor device; n=38, the first convex tooth of the mover is 38 teeth, which is the motor device of FIG. 2 of the present invention; n=62, the first convex tooth of the mover The tooth is 62, which is the motor device of Fig. 5 of the present invention. It can be clearly seen from Fig. 8B that, compared with the prior art, the motor device of the present invention has a large back electromotive force, that is, its output torque is large, and the efficiency is improved.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. For example, the motor device proposed by the present invention can be applied to an internal mover motor, an external mover motor, a linear motor, an engine, and the like. . At the same time, the above description should be made clear to the experts in the related art. When calculating the number of teeth, the length of each part is the integer of the tooth width of the mover or the tooth width of the stator, but in practical application, Equivalent changes or modifications made without departing from the spirit of the invention are intended to be included in the scope of the claims.

9‧‧‧Motor unit

11‧‧‧ Stator 11

12‧‧‧ mover 12

121‧‧‧First convex tooth

124‧‧‧First groove

n‧‧‧The total number of first convex teeth

115‧‧‧Ditch

1151‧‧‧Open end

1150‧‧‧closed end

117‧‧‧Second trough

119‧‧‧ third slot

1191‧‧‧Closed end of the third trough

1192‧‧‧Open end of the third trough

110‧‧‧second convex teeth

13‧‧‧ armature winding

16‧‧‧ permanent magnet

P‧‧‧phases of motor devices

218‧‧‧4th groove

29‧‧‧First field winding

20‧‧‧second field winding

280‧‧‧5th groove

1193‧‧‧6th groove

H2‧‧‧Deep depth of the second groove

H3‧‧‧Deep depth of the third groove

Q, t, k, e, f, m, a, b‧‧‧ configuration parameters

W01, W02, W03, W04‧‧ ‧ stator and mover corresponding overlapping convex tooth width

1 to 5 are schematic views of a topological structure, which is a motor device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

6A-6C are schematic diagrams of topological structures, which are schematic diagrams of configuration parameters of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

7A to 7D are schematic diagrams of the topological structure, which are the corresponding positional relationship between the stator 11 and the mover 12 of the motor device proposed by the present invention, wherein the electrical angles of the mover 12 are respectively 90 degrees, 180 degrees, 270 degrees, 360 degrees. .

Fig. 8A is a graph showing the respective torsion torques of the respective electrical angles when the mover is in operation.

Figure 8B shows the counter electromotive force corresponding to each electrical angle when the mover is running.

9‧‧‧Motor unit

11‧‧‧ Stator

12‧‧‧ mover

121‧‧‧First convex tooth

124‧‧‧First groove

115‧‧‧Ditch

117‧‧‧Second trough

119‧‧‧ third slot

110‧‧‧second convex teeth

13‧‧‧ armature winding

16‧‧‧ permanent magnet

Claims (17)

A motor device mainly comprises a stator (11) and a mover (12), the mover (12) forming n first equidistantly arranged first convex teeth (121) facing the stator (11), each two The first protruding teeth (121) are spaced apart by a first groove portion (124), wherein the motor device has a plurality of configuration parameters e, f, t, k, m, a, b, P, Q and S, Wherein P, Q, and S are all greater than 0; the stator (11) is formed with a plurality of grooves (115) facing the mover (12), and each groove (115) is opened toward an end of the mover (12). a second groove portion (117); a third groove portion (119) is opened between the two groove portions (115) toward the mover (12); each of the second groove portions (117) is adjacent to the third groove portion At least one second protruding tooth (110) is formed between the portions (119); each of the two adjacent second groove portions (117) includes 2t second protruding teeth (110); k is a mover (12) The ratio of the width of the first groove portion (124) to the width of the first convex tooth (121); e is the ratio of the width of the second groove portion (117) of the stator (11) to the width of the second convex tooth (110); f is the ratio of the width of the third groove portion (119) of the stator (11) to the width of the second convex tooth (110); the total number of the groove portions (115) is S, the motor If the number of phases is P, the configuration parameters must meet the first configuration relationship, the second configuration relationship, and the third configuration relationship, where the first configuration relationship is: S=2*P*Q; the second configuration relationship is different. For k, e and f must satisfy e=(k+1)a and f=(k+1)b+k-1, or e=(1k+1)a+1 and f=(k+1) b+k-2, , or e=(k+1)a+k-1 and f=(k+1)b; third configuration relationship: m=2*P*Q*(2*(t* (1+k)-k)+e+f). The motor device according to claim 1, wherein the configuration parameters further have a fourth configuration relationship selected from one of the following three: n=m/(k+1), n=m /(k+1)±1 and n=m/(k+1)±Q. According to the motor device of claim 2, wherein when the motor device is a single-phase motor, P=1, n=m/(k+1). The motor device according to claim 2, wherein when the motor device is a multi-phase motor, P>1, n=m/(k+1)±1 or n=m/(k+1)±Q. The motor device according to the first aspect of the patent application further includes a plurality of permanent magnets (16), and each of the permanent magnets (16) is disposed in each of the grooves (115). The motor device according to claim 1 further includes a plurality of permanent magnets (16), and each of the groove portions (115) and the second groove portions (117) have the same width, so that the permanent magnets (16) are simultaneously It is disposed in the groove portion (115) and the second groove portion (117). The motor device according to claim 1, wherein each of the groove portions (115) has an open end (1151) opposite to the end of the second groove portion (117), and the open end (1151) penetrates the stator (11) ). A motor unit according to claim 1, wherein adjacent two third groove portions (119) are wound around an armature winding (13) spanning the groove portion (115). According to the motor device of claim 8, the sixth groove portion (1193) is further laterally opened in the vicinity of the closed end (1191) of the third groove portion (119), so that the armature winding (13) is wound around the phase. Between the adjacent sixth groove portion (1193). According to the motor device of claim 1, wherein each of the two adjacent second groove portions (117) is further wound around the first field winding (29). A motor unit according to claim 10, wherein each of the grooves (115) is provided with a permanent magnet (16). The motor device according to claim 1, wherein the groove portion (115) opposite to the second groove portion (117) has a closed end (1150) that is not open. According to the motor device of claim 12, the fourth groove portion (218) is laterally opened in the vicinity of the closed end (1150) of the groove portion (115). A motor unit according to claim 13 wherein each of the two adjacent fourth grooves (218) is further wound around the second field winding (20). According to the motor device of claim 14, wherein each of the grooves (115) is provided with a permanent Long magnet (16). According to the motor device of claim 1, wherein each of the second groove portions (117) and the adjacent third groove portion (119) form two second protruding teeth (110). According to the motor device of claim 16, wherein the second second teeth (110) are provided with a fifth groove portion (280).