TWI393320B - System stabilization devices, methods, and wind power generation systems - Google Patents
System stabilization devices, methods, and wind power generation systems Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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Description
本發明係關於系統安定化裝置、方法、及風力發電系統。The present invention relates to a system stabilization apparatus, method, and wind power generation system.
先前,雖於進行系統併聯之風力發電裝置中,存在使用鼠籠式感應發電機者,但是若因電力系統發生故障等,使得電力系統側之電壓產生變動之情形時,感應發電機側會從系統側吸收剩餘之無效電力,而無法符合系統併聯規定。因此,藉由使用鼠籠式感應發電機之風力發電裝置進行系統併聯之情形時,已知於風力電廠內,另行設置補償無效電力之裝置等,使其與系統併聯規定一致。In the case of a wind power generator in which the system is connected in parallel, there is a case where a squirrel-cage induction generator is used. However, if the voltage on the power system side fluctuates due to a failure of the power system or the like, the induction generator side will The system side absorbs the remaining invalid power and cannot comply with the system parallel regulation. Therefore, when the system is connected in parallel by using a wind power generator of a squirrel-cage induction generator, it is known that a device for compensating for invalid power is separately provided in the wind power plant so as to be in parallel with the system.
[專利文獻1]日本特開2000-175360號公報[Patent Document 1] Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2000-175360
但,如前所述於風力電廠內另行設置無效電力補償裝置,有必要進行土木工程等大規模之工程,故存在對於具有既存之鼠籠式感應發電機之風力發電系統之環境難以設置無效電力補償裝置之問題。However, as described above, in addition to the ineffective power compensation device in the wind power plant, it is necessary to carry out large-scale engineering such as civil engineering, so it is difficult to set invalid power for the environment of the wind power generation system with the existing squirrel cage induction generator. The problem of the compensation device.
本發明係為解決前述問題而完成者,其目的在於提供一種不需要大規模之工程,且可供給安定之無效電力之系統安定化裝置、方法、及風力發電系統。The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a system stabilization apparatus, method, and wind power generation system that can supply stable power without requiring a large-scale project.
為解決前述問題,本發明採用以下各部。In order to solve the aforementioned problems, the present invention employs the following parts.
本發明之第1態樣,係一種系統安定化裝置,其係應用於發電系統者,該發電系統具備:具有鼠籠式感應發電機並利用自然能源發電之發電裝置;及設於前述發電裝置與電力系統之間以切換該發電裝置與電力系統之連接及非連接之連接切換部;該系統安定化裝置具備無效電力調整部,其係當前述電力系統之電壓滿足預先設定之變動條件,而使前述發電裝置與前述電力系統成為非連接狀態之情形時,對前述電力系統供給無效電力,或由前述電力系統吸收無效電力。A first aspect of the present invention is a system stabilization apparatus which is applied to a power generation system including: a power generation device having a squirrel-cage induction generator and generating power using natural energy; and the power generation device provided in the power generation device a connection switching unit that switches the connection between the power generation device and the power system and the non-connection with the power system; the system stabilization device includes an invalid power adjustment unit, wherein when the voltage of the power system satisfies a predetermined fluctuation condition, When the power generating device and the power system are in a non-connected state, the power system is supplied with invalid power, or the power system absorbs the invalid power.
根據如此之構成,若因落雷等造成接地故障或短路而引起短時間(數秒以下)之電壓降低,從而使電力系統之電壓滿足預先設定之變動條件,藉由連接切換部使發電裝置從電力系統成為非連接狀態之情形時,從無效電力調整部向電力系統供給無效電力。According to such a configuration, if a ground fault or a short circuit occurs due to a lightning strike or the like, the voltage of the power system is reduced for a short period of time (several seconds or less), and the voltage of the power system satisfies a predetermined fluctuation condition, and the power generation device is driven from the power system by the connection switching unit. When it is in the non-connected state, the reactive power is supplied from the reactive power adjustment unit to the power system.
如此,因具備用於調整無效電力之專用裝置(無效電力調整部),故於電力系統滿足預先設定之電壓之變動條件之情形時,可供給安定之無效電力至電力系統,或由電力系統吸收無效電流。In this way, since the dedicated device (ineffective power adjustment unit) for adjusting the reactive power is provided, when the power system satisfies the fluctuation condition of the preset voltage, the stabilized reactive power can be supplied to the power system or absorbed by the power system. Invalid current.
於前述系統安定化裝置中,當前述發電裝置與前述電力系統成為非連接狀態之情形時,亦可具備經由前述連接切換部而與前述發電裝置連接之負載。In the system stabilization device, when the power generation device and the power system are in a non-connected state, a load connected to the power generation device via the connection switching unit may be provided.
如此,當發電裝置與電力系統成為非連接狀態之情形時,因藉由連接切換部使發電裝置與負載連接,故可使發電裝置之輸出供給至負載,而防止發電裝置超轉速。負載係例如放電電阻。As described above, when the power generating device and the power system are in a non-connected state, since the power generating device is connected to the load by the connection switching unit, the output of the power generating device can be supplied to the load, and the power generating device can be prevented from exceeding the number of revolutions. The load is, for example, a discharge resistor.
前述系統安定化裝置中,前述無效電力調整部亦可具備蓄電裝置與電力轉換器。In the system stabilization device, the ineffective power adjustment unit may include a power storage device and a power converter.
如此,在進行無效電力之補償之情形中,因蓄電裝置可為小容量,故無效電力調整部可小型化。藉此,可容易地安裝於既存之發電系統。又,蓄電裝置係例如電池、電容器等。As described above, in the case where the compensation of the reactive power is performed, since the power storage device can have a small capacity, the reactive power adjustment unit can be downsized. Thereby, it can be easily installed in an existing power generation system. Further, the power storage device is, for example, a battery or a capacitor.
前述系統安定化裝置中,前述無效電力調整部亦可具有用於安裝至前述電力系統之安裝部。In the system stabilization device, the ineffective power adjustment unit may have a mounting portion for mounting to the power system.
藉此,可容易地設置於既存之發電系統。Thereby, it can be easily installed in an existing power generation system.
本發明之第2態樣係一種風力發電系統,其具備:具有鼠籠式感應發電機且利用風力能源發電之發電裝置;設於前述發電裝置與電力系統之間以切換該發電裝置與前述電力系統之連接及非連接之連接切換部;及,當前述電力系統之電壓滿足預先設定之變動條件,而使前述發電裝置與前述電力系統成為非連接狀態之情形時,向前述電力系統供給無效電力,或由前述電力系統吸收無效電力之無效電力調整部。A second aspect of the present invention is a wind power generation system including: a power generator having a squirrel-cage induction generator and generating electricity by using a wind energy source; and the power generation device and the power system are provided between the power generation device and the power system to switch the power generation device and the power a connection and disconnection connection switching unit of the system; and when the voltage of the power system satisfies a predetermined fluctuation condition and the power generation device and the power system are disconnected, the power system is supplied with the reactive power Or an invalid power adjustment unit that absorbs invalid power by the aforementioned power system.
於前述風力發電系統中,當前述發電裝置與前述電力系統成為非連接狀態之情形時,亦可具備經由前述連接切換部而與前述發電裝置連接之負載。In the wind power generation system described above, when the power generation device and the power system are in a non-connected state, a load connected to the power generation device via the connection switching unit may be provided.
於前述風力發電系統中,前述連接切換部於連接前述發電裝置與前述負載之狀態下,當前述發電裝置側之輸出電壓較既定之特定值更小之情形時,亦可將前述發電裝置之輸出端接地。In the above-described wind power generation system, when the connection switching unit is connected to the power generating device and the load, when the output voltage of the power generating device side is smaller than a predetermined specific value, the output of the power generating device may be used. Grounded at the end.
本發明之第3態樣,係一種系統安定化方法,其係應用於發電系統者,該發電系統具備:具有鼠籠式感應發電機且利用自然能源發電之發電裝置;及設於前述發電裝置與電力系統之間以切換該發電裝置與前述電力系統之連接及非連接之連接切換部;系統安定化方法係有別於前述發電裝置另行設置無效電力調整部,其係當前述電力系統之電壓滿足預先設定之變動條件,而使前述發電裝置與前述電力系統成為非連接狀態之情形時,向前述電力系統供給無效電力,或由前述電力系統吸收無效電力。A third aspect of the present invention is a system stabilization method, which is applied to a power generation system including: a power generation device having a squirrel-cage induction generator and generating power using natural energy; and the power generation device provided in the power generation device And a connection switching unit that switches the connection between the power generation device and the power system and the non-connection; and the system stabilization method is different from the power generation device in that the power supply adjustment unit is separately provided, and the voltage of the power system is When the power generation device and the power system are not connected to each other when the predetermined fluctuation condition is satisfied, the power supply is supplied with the reactive power or the power system absorbs the invalid power.
根據本發明,將達到不需要大規模之土木工程,且可供給安定之無效電力之效果。According to the present invention, it is possible to achieve the effect of not requiring large-scale civil engineering and supplying stable power of stability.
以下,對本發明之系統安定化裝置、方法、及風力發電系統之一實施形態,參照圖式進行說明。Hereinafter, an embodiment of the system stabilization apparatus, method, and wind power generation system of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
本實施形態中,對應用本發明之系統安定化裝置之風力發電系統進行說明。又,本實施形態之發電機,係例如鼠籠式感應發電機。In the present embodiment, a wind power generation system to which the system stabilization device of the present invention is applied will be described. Further, the generator of the present embodiment is, for example, a squirrel cage induction generator.
圖1係表示應用本實施形態之系統安定化裝置之風力發電系統1之概略構成之方塊圖。Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a wind power generation system 1 to which a system stabilization device of the present embodiment is applied.
如圖1所示,本實施形態之風力發電系統1,具備風車葉片10、風車轉子11、齒輪12、發電機(發電裝置)13、連接切換部14、發電機側電壓感測器16、系統側電壓感測器17、發電機側電流感測器19、控制部18、及系統安定化裝置2。As shown in FIG. 1, the wind power generation system 1 of the present embodiment includes a wind turbine blade 10, a wind turbine rotor 11, a gear 12, a generator (power generation device) 13, a connection switching unit 14, a generator side voltage sensor 16, and a system. The side voltage sensor 17, the generator side current sensor 19, the control unit 18, and the system stabilization device 2.
圖1中,複數片風車葉片10安裝於風車轉子11。於風車轉子11之主軸,經由具有特定變速比之齒輪12而連接發電機13。發電機13係藉由例如3相之電力線與連接切換部14連接,而與電力系統15之連接與非連接係藉由連接切換部14進行切換。又,連接切換部14之連接之切換,係藉由控制部18進行。In Fig. 1, a plurality of windmill blades 10 are attached to a windmill rotor 11. The generator 13 is connected to the main shaft of the windmill rotor 11 via a gear 12 having a specific gear ratio. The generator 13 is connected to the connection switching unit 14 by, for example, a three-phase power line, and the connection and disconnection with the power system 15 are switched by the connection switching unit 14. Further, the switching of the connection of the connection switching unit 14 is performed by the control unit 18.
發電機側電壓感測器16係計測比連接切換部14較靠近發電機13側之電壓,將計測結果輸出至控制部18。系統側電壓感測器17係計測比起連接切換部14較靠近電力系統15側之電壓,將計測結果輸出至控制部18。The generator side voltage sensor 16 measures the voltage closer to the side of the generator 13 than the connection switching unit 14, and outputs the measurement result to the control unit 18. The system side voltage sensor 17 measures the voltage closer to the power system 15 side than the connection switching unit 14, and outputs the measurement result to the control unit 18.
又,發電機側電流感測器19係計測比起連接切換部14較靠近發電機13側之電流,將計測結果輸出至無效電力調整部21。Further, the generator-side current sensor 19 measures the current closer to the generator 13 side than the connection switching unit 14, and outputs the measurement result to the invalid power adjustment unit 21.
控制部18基於發電機側電壓感測器16、及系統側電壓感測器17等所檢測出之電壓值,進行連接切換部14之連接之切換,及系統安定化裝置2(詳細如後所述)之控制。The control unit 18 switches the connection of the connection switching unit 14 based on the voltage values detected by the generator side voltage sensor 16, the system side voltage sensor 17, and the like, and the system stabilization device 2 (details are as follows) Control).
當發生產生系統故障等使得電力系統15之電力滿足預先設定之變動條件之情形時,連接切換部14根據來自控制部18之信號而動作,將發動機13與電力系統15從連接狀態切換至非連接狀態。具體而言,當藉由系統側電壓感測器17檢測出之電壓滿足預先設定之變動條件之情形時,連接切換部14將發電機13與電力系統15切換至非連接狀態,使發電機13與負載20連接。又,於發電機13與負載20連接之狀態下,當發電機側電壓感測器16所檢測出之發電機13側之電壓為低於特定值之情形時,連接切換部14將發電機13與負載20切換至非連接狀態,使發電機13之輸出端子接地。此外,於該狀態下,當達到發電機13側之風速條件,成為可與電力系統15側併聯之狀態之情形時,連接切換部14便將發電機13與電力系統15切換至連接狀態。When a system failure or the like occurs so that the power of the power system 15 satisfies a predetermined fluctuation condition, the connection switching unit 14 operates in accordance with a signal from the control unit 18 to switch the engine 13 and the power system 15 from the connected state to the non-connected state. status. Specifically, when the voltage detected by the system side voltage sensor 17 satisfies a predetermined fluctuation condition, the connection switching unit 14 switches the generator 13 and the power system 15 to the non-connected state to cause the generator 13 Connected to the load 20. Further, in a state where the generator 13 is connected to the load 20, when the voltage of the generator 13 side detected by the generator side voltage sensor 16 is lower than a specific value, the connection switching portion 14 sets the generator 13 Switching to the non-connected state with the load 20 causes the output terminal of the generator 13 to be grounded. Further, in this state, when the wind speed condition on the side of the generator 13 reaches the state in which it can be connected in parallel with the power system 15 side, the connection switching unit 14 switches the generator 13 and the power system 15 to the connected state.
系統安定化裝置2具備負載20與無效電力調整部21。The system stabilization device 2 includes a load 20 and an invalid power adjustment unit 21.
當發電機13與電力系統15轉為非連接狀態之情形時,負載20經由連接切換部14與發電機13連接。具體而言,負載20係放電電阻,消耗來自發電機13之輸出電力。When the generator 13 and the electric power system 15 are turned into the non-connected state, the load 20 is connected to the generator 13 via the connection switching portion 14. Specifically, the load 20 is a discharge resistor that consumes output power from the generator 13.
又,當負載20與發電機13經由連接切換部14為連接狀態之情形時,風車葉片10藉由控制部18或與控制部18分開設置之其他控制部控制傾斜角,進行降低風車葉片10之轉數之控制。Further, when the load 20 and the generator 13 are connected via the connection switching unit 14, the wind turbine blade 10 controls the inclination angle by the control unit 18 or another control unit provided separately from the control unit 18 to reduce the wind turbine blade 10 Control of the number of revolutions.
負載20與發電機13經由連接切換部14連接之狀態下,可緩和發電機13與電力系統15剛成為非連接狀態後之風車轉子11之轉數之急速上昇。又,當藉由發電機側電壓感測器16檢測出之發電機13側之電壓為低於特定值之情形時,控制部18使發電機13與負載20之連接轉為非連接,使發電機13之輸出經由連接切換部14而接地。In a state where the load 20 and the generator 13 are connected via the connection switching unit 14, the number of revolutions of the wind turbine rotor 11 immediately after the generator 13 and the power system 15 are not connected can be alleviated. Further, when the voltage on the side of the generator 13 detected by the generator-side voltage sensor 16 is lower than a specific value, the control unit 18 turns the connection between the generator 13 and the load 20 to be non-connected. The output of the motor 13 is grounded via the connection switching unit 14.
當電力系統15之電壓滿足預先設定之變動條件,而使發電機13與電力系統15為非連接狀體之情形時,無效電力調整部21藉由對電力系統15供給無效電力,或從電力系統15吸收無效電力,而調整無效電力。又,無效電力調整部21具備用於安裝於電力系統15之安裝部(安裝部)。When the voltage of the power system 15 satisfies a predetermined fluctuation condition and the generator 13 and the power system 15 are in a non-connected state, the invalid power adjustment unit 21 supplies the reactive power to the power system 15 or the power system. 15 absorbs invalid power and adjusts invalid power. Further, the reactive power adjustment unit 21 includes a mounting portion (mounting portion) for mounting in the power system 15.
具體而言,無效電力調整部21具備蓄電裝置211、電力轉換器212、及電力調整控制部213。Specifically, the reactive power adjustment unit 21 includes a power storage device 211 , a power converter 212 , and a power adjustment control unit 213 .
電力調整控制部213基於電力系統15側之電壓,決定向電力系統15供給或從電力系統15吸收之無效電流之量,且於電力系統15及蓄電裝置211之間調整所決定的流量之無效電流。The power adjustment control unit 213 determines the amount of the reactive current supplied to the power system 15 or absorbed from the power system 15 based on the voltage on the power system 15 side, and adjusts the reactive current of the determined flow rate between the power system 15 and the power storage device 211. .
更具體而言,電力調整控制部213保有將電力系統15之電壓與無效電流相對應之資訊,基於該資訊,根據系統側電壓感測器17所檢測出之電力系統15側之電壓,而決定所要調整之無效電流。又,電力調整控制部213會隨著電力系統15之電壓接近通常時之基準電壓值,進行降低向電力系統15供給或從電力系統15吸收之無效電流之量之控制。More specifically, the power adjustment control unit 213 holds information that associates the voltage of the power system 15 with the reactive current, and based on the information, determines the voltage on the power system 15 side detected by the system side voltage sensor 17. The invalid current to be adjusted. Further, the power adjustment control unit 213 controls the amount of the reactive current that is supplied to the power system 15 or absorbed from the power system 15 as the voltage of the power system 15 approaches the normal reference voltage value.
電力轉換器212係轉換交流與直流之交流直流轉換器,例如,若要將以電力調整控制部213決定之流量之無效電流向電力系統15供給時,將蓄電裝置211所蓄之直流電力轉換成交流電力,然後將轉換後之交流電力輸出至電力系統15。又,若要從電力系統15吸收無效電流,電力轉換器212將從電力系統15取得之交流電力轉換成直流電力,然後將轉換後之電力輸出至蓄電裝置211。The power converter 212 is an AC-DC converter that converts AC and DC. For example, when an invalid current of a flow rate determined by the power adjustment control unit 213 is supplied to the power system 15, the DC power stored in the power storage device 211 is converted into The power is exchanged, and the converted AC power is then output to the power system 15. Further, in order to absorb the ineffective current from the power system 15, the power converter 212 converts the AC power obtained from the power system 15 into DC power, and then outputs the converted power to the power storage device 211.
又,當發電機13與電力系統15為連接狀態,從發電機13輸出之電力發生變動之情形時,電力調整控制部213亦可藉由使對應於該變動之電力量從蓄電裝置211放電,或蓄電於蓄電裝置211,而使發電機13之輸出均等化。When the power generation system 13 is connected to the power system 15 and the power output from the power generator 13 is changed, the power adjustment control unit 213 can also discharge the power amount corresponding to the fluctuation from the power storage device 211. Alternatively, the power storage device 211 is stored, and the output of the generator 13 is equalized.
如此,無效電力供給部21藉由使發電機13之輸出均等化,可將安定之電力供給至電力系統15。In this way, the invalid power supply unit 21 can supply the stabilized power to the power system 15 by equalizing the output of the power generator 13.
下面,對本實施形態之風力發電系統1之作用,按通常運轉之情形與停電等時電力系統產生異常之情形,依次說明。Next, the operation of the wind power generation system 1 of the present embodiment will be sequentially described in the case of normal operation and an abnormality in the power system at the time of power failure.
首先,對通常運轉之情形,使用圖2進行說明。First, the case of normal operation will be described using FIG. 2.
藉由發電機側電壓感測器16對發電機13側之電壓以特定之時間間隔計測,將該計測值輸出至無效電力調整部21。於無效電力調整部21之電力調整控制部213,判定藉由發電機側電壓感測器16所計測之電壓值於預先決定之第1電壓範圍內(例如,相對於基準電壓±10%(0.9至1.1Pu))是否與基準電壓有所變動(步驟SA1)。The voltage of the generator 13 side is measured by the generator-side voltage sensor 16 at specific time intervals, and the measured value is output to the reactive power adjustment unit 21. The power adjustment control unit 213 of the reactive power adjustment unit 21 determines that the voltage value measured by the generator-side voltage sensor 16 is within a predetermined first voltage range (for example, ±10% with respect to the reference voltage (0.9) It is up to 1.1Pu)) whether it changes with the reference voltage (step SA1).
其結果,若藉由發電機側電壓感測器16所計測之電壓值於第1電壓範圍內有所變動之情形時,為使其變動部分均等化,進行從蓄電裝置211放電或蓄電裝置211之充電(步驟SA2)。例如,因未達到風速條件,風力弱等理由,使得根據藉由發電機側電壓感測器16及發電機側電流感測器19計測之電壓、電流所計算出之有效電力比設定值低之情形時,電力轉換器212為補償低於設定值的部分之有效電力,會將蓄電於蓄電裝置211之電力藉由電力轉換器212進行直流交流轉換,而將轉換後之電力供給至電力系統15。As a result, when the voltage value measured by the generator-side voltage sensor 16 fluctuates within the first voltage range, the power storage device 211 is discharged or the power storage device 211 is made to equalize the fluctuation portion. Charging (step SA2). For example, the effective power calculated based on the voltage and current measured by the generator-side voltage sensor 16 and the generator-side current sensor 19 is lower than the set value because the wind speed condition is not reached, the wind is weak, and the like. In the case where the power converter 212 compensates for the portion of the effective power that is lower than the set value, the power stored in the power storage device 211 is DC-converted by the power converter 212, and the converted power is supplied to the power system 15 . .
又,因風力強等理由,使得根據藉由發電機側電壓感測器16及發電機側電流感測器19計測之電壓、電流所計算出之有效電力上升高於設定值之情形時,電力轉換器212會將上升高於設定值的部分之過剩之有效電力,藉由電力轉換器212進行直流交流轉換,並將轉換後之電力蓄電於蓄電裝置211。Further, when the effective electric power calculated by the voltage and current measured by the generator side voltage sensor 16 and the generator side current sensor 19 rises higher than the set value due to strong wind power or the like, the electric power is generated. The converter 212 converts the excess effective power of the portion higher than the set value by the power converter 212, and stores the converted power in the power storage device 211.
然後,電力調整控制部213判定發電機側電壓感測器16之輸出電壓是否安定,如為安定之情形則返回至步驟SA1,繼續監視發電機側電壓感測器16之輸出電壓之變動。若發電機側電壓感測器16之輸出電壓不安定,則返回至步驟SA2,繼續進行前述放電或充電,直到發電機之輸出變動安定為止(步驟SA3)。Then, the power adjustment control unit 213 determines whether or not the output voltage of the generator-side voltage sensor 16 is stable. If it is stable, the process returns to step SA1 and continues to monitor the fluctuation of the output voltage of the generator-side voltage sensor 16. If the output voltage of the generator side voltage sensor 16 is not stable, the process returns to step SA2, and the above discharge or charging is continued until the output of the generator changes stably (step SA3).
如此,藉由電力調整控制部213監視來自發電機13所供給之輸出電力,控制蓄電裝置211之充電及放電,進行來自發電機13所輸出之電力之均等化。In this way, the power adjustment control unit 213 monitors the output power supplied from the power generator 13 to control the charging and discharging of the power storage device 211, and equalizes the power output from the power generator 13.
下面,對電力系統15發生異常之情形,使用圖3進行說明。Next, a case where an abnormality occurs in the power system 15 will be described with reference to FIG. 3.
藉由系統側電壓感測器17計測電力系統15之電壓,將計測結果通知控制部18。在電力系統15中,因系統故障造成電力系統15之電壓滿足以其變動量與時間之組合所規定之變動條件之情形時,藉由控制部18檢測出電力系統15之電壓之變動(步驟SB1)。又,變動條件係指以下設定,例如:相對於電力系統15之作為基準之電壓+20%之狀態持續150毫秒以上時;比基準電壓+10%之狀態持續3秒以上時;或-10%之狀態持續40毫秒以上時等。The voltage of the power system 15 is measured by the system side voltage sensor 17, and the measurement result is notified to the control unit 18. In the power system 15, when the voltage of the power system 15 satisfies the fluctuation condition defined by the combination of the fluctuation amount and the time due to the system failure, the control unit 18 detects the fluctuation of the voltage of the power system 15 (step SB1). ). Further, the fluctuation condition is a setting such as, for example, a state in which the voltage of the power system 15 as a reference +20% continues for 150 msec or more; when the state of the reference voltage +10% continues for 3 seconds or more; or -10% When the state lasts for more than 40 milliseconds, etc.
當藉由控制部18檢測出電力系統15之電壓滿足變動條件時,控制部18控制連接切換部14,使發電機13與電力系統15轉為非連接狀態,並使發電機13與負載20連接。藉此,可緩和發電機13與電力系統15剛成為非連接狀態後之風車轉子11之轉數之急速上昇,可防止風車轉子11之超轉速(步驟SB2)。When the control unit 18 detects that the voltage of the power system 15 satisfies the fluctuation condition, the control unit 18 controls the connection switching unit 14 to turn the generator 13 and the power system 15 into a non-connected state, and connects the generator 13 to the load 20. . Thereby, the rapid increase in the number of revolutions of the wind turbine rotor 11 immediately after the generator 13 and the power system 15 are not connected can be alleviated, and the overspeed of the wind turbine rotor 11 can be prevented (step SB2).
又,為抑制風車轉子11之轉數而於翼片側控制風車葉片之傾斜角,使發電機13之輸出逐漸降低。又,當發電機13之輸出下降至低於特定值之情形時,控制部18切換連接切換部14之連接對象,使發電機13經由連接切換部14接地(步驟SB3)。Further, in order to suppress the number of revolutions of the wind turbine rotor 11, the inclination angle of the wind turbine blade is controlled on the fin side, and the output of the power generator 13 is gradually lowered. When the output of the generator 13 falls below a certain value, the control unit 18 switches the connection target of the connection switching unit 14 and grounds the generator 13 via the connection switching unit 14 (step SB3).
又,進行如前所述之控制之同時,於電壓系統15側,藉由系統側電壓感測器17計測電力系統15之電壓,將該計測值輸出至電力調整控制部213。電力調整控制部213基於自身保有之設定表,決定對應於藉由系統側電壓感測器17所檢測出之電壓之無效電流。電力調整控制部213為向電力系統15供給所決定之無效電流,而從蓄電裝置211放電,將所放電之直流電力藉由電力轉換器212進行交流直流轉換,並輸出至電力系統15(步驟SB2)。Further, while the control as described above is performed, the voltage of the power system 15 is measured by the system side voltage sensor 17 on the voltage system 15 side, and the measured value is output to the power adjustment control unit 213. The power adjustment control unit 213 determines an invalid current corresponding to the voltage detected by the system side voltage sensor 17 based on the setting table held by itself. The power adjustment control unit 213 supplies the determined ineffective current to the power system 15 and discharges it from the power storage device 211, and converts the discharged DC power to AC power conversion by the power converter 212, and outputs it to the power system 15 (step SB2). ).
然後,當達到使發電機13側之風車轉子11迴轉之風速條件等,且電力系統15之電壓接近基準電壓(步驟SB4)時,藉由控制部18控制連接切換部14,使發電機13與電力系統15連接,使發電機13成為系統併聯狀態(步驟SB5)。Then, when the wind speed condition or the like for rotating the wind turbine rotor 11 on the generator 13 side is reached, and the voltage of the electric power system 15 approaches the reference voltage (step SB4), the control unit 18 controls the connection switching unit 14 to cause the generator 13 to The power system 15 is connected such that the generator 13 is in a system parallel state (step SB5).
如此,當電力系統15之電壓滿足預先設定之變動條件之情形時,使發電機13與電力系統15轉為非連接狀態,且藉由用於調整無效電力之專用裝置(無效電力調整部2)調整無效電力,故可將安定之無效電力向電力系統15供給,或從電力系統15吸收。In this manner, when the voltage of the power system 15 satisfies the preset fluctuation condition, the generator 13 and the power system 15 are brought into a non-connected state, and the dedicated device for adjusting the reactive power (the reactive power adjustment unit 2) is turned off. Since the invalid power is adjusted, the stabilized invalid power can be supplied to the power system 15 or absorbed from the power system 15.
如上所述,根據本發明之系統安定化裝置2、方法、及風力發電系統1,係於因系統故障等使得電力系統15之電壓滿足預先設定之變動條件之情形時,將發電機13與電力系統15藉由連接切換部14轉為非連接狀態而與負載20連接,而於電力系統15側,連接用於供給無效電力之專用裝置(無效電力調整部21)。As described above, the system stabilization device 2, the method, and the wind power generation system 1 according to the present invention are the generator 13 and the power when the voltage of the power system 15 satisfies a predetermined fluctuation condition due to a system failure or the like. The system 15 is connected to the load 20 by the connection switching unit 14 being turned into the non-connected state, and a dedicated device (ineffective power adjusting unit 21) for supplying the invalid power is connected to the power system 15 side.
藉此,當電力系統15之電壓滿足變動條件,而將發電機13與電力系統15轉為非連接之情形時,藉由連接無效電力調整部21可將安定之無效電力向電力系統15供給,或從電力系統15吸收。藉此,可直接沿用既存之鼠籠式感應發電機之風力發電裝置,且可使系統故障時之無效電力安定化。Thereby, when the voltage of the power system 15 satisfies the fluctuation condition and the generator 13 and the power system 15 are not connected, the connected invalid power adjustment unit 21 can supply the stabilized invalid power to the power system 15 . Or absorbed from the power system 15. Thereby, the existing wind power generator of the squirrel-cage induction generator can be directly used, and the invalid power in the system failure can be stabilized.
此外,將發電機13與電力系統15轉為非連接狀態之情形時,將發電機13與負載20(例如放電電阻)連接而使發電機13之輸出向放電電阻輸出,藉由放電電阻進行電力消耗。藉此,可緩和發電機13與電力系統15剛成為非連接狀態後之風車轉子11之轉數之急速上昇,可防止風車轉子11之超轉速。Further, when the generator 13 and the power system 15 are turned into the non-connected state, the generator 13 is connected to the load 20 (for example, a discharge resistor) to output the output of the generator 13 to the discharge resistor, and the power is discharged by the discharge resistor. Consumption. Thereby, the rapid increase in the number of revolutions of the wind turbine rotor 11 immediately after the generator 13 and the power system 15 are in the non-connected state can be alleviated, and the overspeed of the wind turbine rotor 11 can be prevented.
另,系統安定化裝置2因具備負載20、蓄電裝置211、及電力轉換器212等而構成,故可設置於具備既存之鼠籠式感應發電機之風力發電系統內,可容易地進行設置。Further, since the system stabilization device 2 includes the load 20, the power storage device 211, the power converter 212, and the like, it can be installed in a wind power generation system including an existing squirrel-cage induction generator, and can be easily installed.
以上,雖對本發明之實施形態參照圖式進行了詳細說明,但具體性構成並不局限於該實施形態,亦包含不脫離本發明之主旨之範圍之設計變更等。The embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the specific configuration is not limited to the embodiment, and design changes and the like without departing from the scope of the invention are included.
1...風力發電系統1. . . Wind power system
2...系統安定化裝置2. . . System stabilization device
13...發電機13. . . generator
14...連接切換部14. . . Connection switching unit
15...電力系統15. . . Power Systems
16...發電機側電壓感測器16. . . Generator side voltage sensor
17...系統側電壓感測器17. . . System side voltage sensor
18...控制部18. . . Control department
20...負載20. . . load
21...無效電力調整部twenty one. . . Invalid power adjustment department
211...蓄電裝置211. . . Power storage device
212...交流直流轉換器212. . . AC to DC converter
213...電力調整控制部213. . . Power adjustment control department
圖1係表示應用本發明之一實施形態之系統安定化裝置之風力發電系統之一例之方塊圖;1 is a block diagram showing an example of a wind power generation system to which a system stabilization device according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied;
圖2係表示本發明之系統安定化裝置之通常運轉時之動作流程之圖;及Figure 2 is a diagram showing the flow of operations during normal operation of the system stabilization device of the present invention;
圖3係表示本發明之系統安定化裝置之系統電壓降低之情形之動作流程之圖。Fig. 3 is a view showing an operational flow of a case where the system voltage of the system stabilization apparatus of the present invention is lowered.
1...風力發電系統1. . . Wind power system
2...系統安定化裝置2. . . System stabilization device
13...發電機13. . . generator
14...連接切換部14. . . Connection switching unit
15...電力系統15. . . Power Systems
16...發電機側電壓感測器16. . . Generator side voltage sensor
17...系統側電壓感測器17. . . System side voltage sensor
18...控制部18. . . Control department
20...負載20. . . load
21...無效電力調整部twenty one. . . Invalid power adjustment department
211...蓄電裝置211. . . Power storage device
212...交流直流轉換器212. . . AC to DC converter
213...電力調整控制部213. . . Power adjustment control department
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TW493311B (en) * | 1999-12-28 | 2002-07-01 | Hitachi Ltd | Power converting system and method of controlling power converter |
JP2006148989A (en) * | 2004-11-16 | 2006-06-08 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Wind power generation system |
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TW493311B (en) * | 1999-12-28 | 2002-07-01 | Hitachi Ltd | Power converting system and method of controlling power converter |
JP2001268805A (en) * | 2000-03-22 | 2001-09-28 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Power factor constant control method of reactive power compensation device |
JP2006148989A (en) * | 2004-11-16 | 2006-06-08 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Wind power generation system |
JP2006246664A (en) * | 2005-03-07 | 2006-09-14 | Fuji Electric Device Technology Co Ltd | Control method for switching power supply circuit |
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