TWI387480B - Filtration unit and ballast water production apparatus using the same - Google Patents

Description

Filter unit and ballast water manufacturing device provided with the same

The present invention relates to a ballast water manufacturing apparatus mounted on a ship such as a cargo ship.

For example, when there is no cargo on a ship, especially a cargo ship, in order to lower the center of gravity of the ship, measures such as loading seawater or the like into the ballast tank provided in the ship to stabilize the hull are adopted. Ballast water will be discharged from the ship when it is loaded at the port, but in the case of ocean-going vessels, the aquatic organisms contained in the ballast water are referred to many countries and will become alien species and affect the ecosystem.

In recent years, in order to solve the problem of such ballast water, international standards for ballast water discharge are being developed. Specifically, the number of planktonic organisms (mainly animal plankton) contained in the ballast water, plankton (mainly plant plankton) of 10 μm to 50 μm, and fungi (coliform, enterococci, etc.) are specified. The treatment method for satisfying these regulations is usually carried out by mechanical treatment such as filtration, high-speed, high-pressure jet flow, and cavitation of planktonic plankton, and chemical treatment such as introduction of a drug or ozone (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

Previous patent literature

Non-patent literature

Non-Patent Document 1: Maritime Comprehensive Journal, Bimonthly, COMPASS, September, 2007, pp. 32-39.

Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-32872 filed on Feb. 16, 2009, Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-185223, filed on August 7, 2009, and Japanese Patent Application No. The priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-205570, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety in its entirety in its entirety in

In the conventional ballast water manufacturing apparatus described above, the filtration filter has a large pore size of about 50 μm. This is because the smaller the aperture is likely to cause clogging, and in order to avoid this problem, it is necessary to increase the filter area of the filter, so that the device is enlarged and is not suitable for being mounted on a ship. Thus, plankton below 50 μm can be sprayed by the high-speed high pressure to the screen to grind the cavitation of the plankton or by administering the medicament.

However, since the treatment of cavitation is to spray seawater at high speed and high pressure, not only does it require considerable power, but also reduces the number of plankton to below the necessary number, which may affect the marine ecosystem on the ballast water accumulation side. Further, in the case of treating plankton with a chemical, a large amount of medicine is required, so that the price per processing cost becomes high.

The present invention has been made in view of the foregoing problems, and provides a filter unit capable of removing fine particles and minimizing initial introduction cost and maintenance management cost, and a rowing organism capable of surviving as much as possible without damaging seawater. The ballast water manufacturing device can be returned to the outside of the ship and can be miniaturized and reduced in processing cost.

In order to achieve the above object, the filter unit of the present invention comprises a filter material and a frame body for accommodating the filter material, and the frame body has a raw water supply port to supply raw water to the filter material, a filtered water take-out port, and a fluid. The supply port supplies the backwashing fluid to the filter material, and the discharge port, which discharges the fluid after backwashing the filter material, and the filter material is a depth filter having a pore diameter of 1 to 25 μm. The backwashing fluid may use a gas and a liquid, preferably a gas, more preferably an inert gas such as air or nitrogen.

The term aperture is defined as follows. A liquid having a certain diameter of particles, preferably 10,000/L of spherical polystyrene or glass microspheres added to water, is passed through a deep layer filter at 25 ° C, 1.0 m ³ /h ( OD 60mm, inner diameter 30mm, length 250mm), and the number of particles passing through the deep filter is measured by an optical counter. For a plurality of particles, the difference in the number of particles present in the liquid before and after filtration is measured by dividing the liquid present in the liquid before filtration. The collection rate (R%) obtained by the number of particles is determined by the following approximate expression (1) based on the measured value, and the value of the diameter (S) of the particle when R is equal to 80 is obtained.

R=100/(1-m*exp[-a*log(S)]) (1)

Here, m and a are constants determined according to the characteristics of the deep filter.

For example, in the case where the particle diameter is 1 μm, spherical fine polystyrene particles (10,000 pieces) can be measured by flowing through a deep layer filter (outer diameter 60 mm, inner diameter 30 mm, length 250 mm) under the above conditions. /L) of the liquid.

According to this configuration, since the filter material uses a depth filter having a hole diameter of 1 to 25 μm, the small float can be removed, and the initial introduction cost can be suppressed as compared with the case of using the surface filter. Moreover, since the filtration performance of the filter material can be restored by backwashing, the frequency of replacement of the filter material can be reduced, and maintenance cost can be suppressed.

In the present invention, it is preferred that the fluid supply port is the same as the filtered water outlet. According to this configuration, the fluid supply port is common to the filtered water outlet, and the arrangement thereof can be simplified.

In the present invention, the filter material is preferably formed by fixing a plurality of filter ends by a fixing plate. According to this configuration, by combining a plurality of deep-layer filters, not only the filtration area can be increased, but the integration makes the plurality of deep-layer filters into one unit combination, which makes it easier to replace the filter material.

In the present invention, the filter material may be disposed toward the filtered water take-out port and inclined at an oblique angle of 20 to 70° obliquely downward. According to this configuration, since the opposite side of the filtered water take-out port of the filter unit becomes high, for example, when the raw water is filtered after the gas is backwashed, since the gas in the frame can be easily discharged from the opposite side, there is no air incorporation. Filter the water. Further, when the inclination angle is too large, the size of the filter unit in the vertical direction is increased, and when the maintenance is performed such as removal, a wide space is required to take out the filter material from above the filter unit, and the inclination angle is too small, and the inside of the filter unit is The fluid is difficult to flow out.

In the present invention, the filter material may be disposed toward the filtered water outlet port and inclined at an oblique angle of 20 to 70°. According to this configuration, the open end of the deep-layer filter on the filter water take-out side forms an opening obliquely upward, and the air near the closed end of the lower-layer deep filter is discharged from the open end, thereby preventing air from remaining. In the deep filter, the deep filter can be used to filter efficiently and efficiently.

In the present invention, it is preferable that the discharge port is provided above the raw water supply port. According to this configuration, when the raw water is supplied to the filter unit at the time of the first start or after the backwashing with the gas, the so-called [exhaust] operation is performed in the unit, and the gas in the filter unit can be smoothly discharged.

Further, the ballast water producing apparatus of the present invention includes the filtering unit of the present invention, and the filtered water taken out from the filtering unit is supplied to the ballast tank of the ship as ballast water, and the ballast water manufacturing apparatus is provided with a fluid supply passage connected to the fluid supply port of the filter unit and supplied with a fluid for washing the filter material; and a discharge passage connected to the discharge port of the filter unit to wash the fluid after the filter material has been cleaned It is discharged to the outside of the ship together with the raw water in the filter unit.

According to this configuration, the deep-layer filter forming the filter material has a pore diameter of 1 to 25 μm, so that most of the plankton can be captured and discharged out of the ship in a state in which it survives, and the ballast water accumulation side is not destroyed. The marine ecosystem does not require the cavitation or the administration of a medicament to treat plankton as is conventionally known, thereby reducing the amount of power consumed by the power or the amount of medicament used. As a result, it is possible to constitute a system that is small in size and inexpensive to handle. Further, since the filter material can be used again by backwashing to restore the filtration performance of the filter material, the processing cost can be further reduced.

The ballast water producing apparatus of the present invention further includes an ultraviolet irradiation unit that irradiates the filtered water filtered by the filtration unit with ultraviolet rays. When ultraviolet rays are irradiated to treat plankton, the floating particles in seawater cause a decrease in ultraviolet light intensity. As a countermeasure, it is necessary to increase the number of ultraviolet lamps to be installed, thereby increasing the size of the device and increasing the power consumption. According to this configuration, most of the plankton in the seawater described above is removed by the deep filter in advance, so that the ultraviolet radiation intensity can be suppressed and the amount of ultraviolet rays can be reduced, so that, for example, the ultraviolet lamp can be reduced. The number of roots is reduced to miniaturization of the device and power consumption.

In the case of using the above ultraviolet irradiation unit, it is preferable that the filter material is a deep layer filter having a pore diameter of 1 to 10 μm. The larger the plankton that is generally to be destroyed, the larger the amount of ultraviolet energy is needed. Compared to the bacteria, the large amount of irradiation energy is required to destroy plankton. Therefore, it is extremely important to remove the plankton as much as possible before the ultraviolet irradiation, and it is extremely important for miniaturization of the ultraviolet irradiation unit and reduction of power consumption. The filter unit of the above structure can remove all the large planktons of 50 μm or more, and can remove most of the small planktons of 10 μm or more. Further, not only plankton but also floating particles (SS components) having a size of about 1 μm or more can be removed. Thereby, the turbidity in the raw water can be greatly reduced, and the transparency can be greatly improved. As a result, when the ultraviolet ray is irradiated, the transmittance of the ultraviolet ray in the raw water can be greatly increased, and the ultraviolet ray irradiation amount can be reduced by increasing the transmittance of the ultraviolet ray, so that the unit can be miniaturized and the power consumption can be reduced. Moreover, the dirt adhering to the ultraviolet ray surface can be remarkably reduced, so that the maintainability of the unit can be improved.

The ballast water manufacturing apparatus of the present invention further comprises a chemical treatment unit for introducing solid calcium hypochlorite to the filtered water filtered by the filtration unit. When chlorine or sodium hypochlorite is added to produce hypochlorous acid to treat plankton, it is necessary to use a large amount of chemicals to eliminate plankton. When the ballast water is discharged to the ocean, it is necessary to input sodium thiosulfate. The agent is neutralized, which not only increases the burden on the environment, but also increases the cost per treatment. According to this configuration, the depth filter has a pore diameter of 1 to 25 μm, so that most of the plankton can be captured and discharged out of the ship while the plankton is alive, without the need to administer a large amount of medicament to treat plankton as is conventional. It can reduce the amount of calcium hypochlorite used, and it is not necessary to carry out the neutralization step with the reductant when the ballast water is discharged back to the seawater. As a result, it is possible to constitute a system that is small in size and inexpensive to handle.

In the case of using a chemical treatment unit, it is preferred that the chemical treatment unit converts the concentrated solution obtained by dissolving the solid calcium hypochlorite taken out from the container into the filtered water, and the microorganism is treated by the hypochlorous acid produced. This container contains solid calcium hypochlorite. According to this configuration, since solid calcium hypochlorite is used, unlike liquid pharmaceuticals, it can be easily transported on land or at sea and is economical, and the regulatory restrictions on transportation are relatively loose. Further, since the calcium hypochlorite has a high melting point, it can be easily stored in a ship body which is likely to form a high temperature. Further, since it is a solidifier, its volume is small, and only a small storage place is required, and the apparatus body can be miniaturized, and it is advantageous to install it in a ship having a limited space.

In the case of using a chemical treatment unit, it is preferred that the chemical treatment unit dissolves the solid calcium hypochlorite into a part of the filtered water taken out from the water supply passage to which the filtered water is supplied, and merges it into the water supply passage. The water is filtered, and a throttling mechanism for reducing the flow rate of the filtered water of the water delivery channel is disposed between the divergence and the confluence. According to this configuration, the solid calcium hypochlorite is supplied from the branch to the filtered water which is increased by the flow rate reduction. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a supply mechanism such as a dedicated pump, and the structure can be simplified, and the necessary power consumption can be reduced. A small-capacity small pump can also be provided instead of the throttle mechanism to remove a portion of the filtered water from the water transfer passage.

In the case of using a chemical treatment unit, it is preferred that the solid calcium hypochlorite is stored in a closed container. According to this configuration, it is possible to suppress the odor of chlorine from leaking into the hull. Moreover, when the solid calcium hypochlorite is exchanged, it can be exchanged together with the container, so the calcium hypochlorite does not directly contact the air in the human body or the hull.

The method for producing filtered water according to the present invention is a method for producing filtered water by filtering raw water using a deep-layer filter having a pore diameter of 1 to 25 μm, and a backwashing step is provided: the raw water is supplied to the deep-layer filter while filtering water The side supplies fluid to the depth filter and discharges the fluid together with the raw water.

According to this configuration, by performing the backwashing, the filter performance of the filter material can be restored and reused, so that the cost of maintenance management can be suppressed. Further, in the backwashing, the raw water is supplied to the filtration unit at all times, so that the backwashing fluid does not flow back to the raw water supply side, and the drainage can be smoothly performed. Moreover, unlike the surface filter that only captures the filtered material by the surface of the filter, the depth filter can capture the filtered material as a whole by the thickness direction of the filter, so that the amount of the filter is large, and the filter is not caused. Blocked for a long time.

The ballast water manufacturing method of the present invention uses the ballast water manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, which comprises the following steps: a preparation step of stopping supply of filtered water from the filter material toward the ballast tank and stopping the filter material In the state in which the fluid is supplied, the fluid is discharged from the discharge port together with the raw water through the filter unit; and in the filtering step, the raw water is supplied to the state in which the discharge of the raw water from the filter material is stopped and the supply of the fluid to the filter material is stopped. a filter unit that transports the filtered water to the filtered water take-out port; and a backwashing step of supplying the raw water to the filter material while supplying the filtered water to the ballast tank while stopping the supply of the filtered water to the ballast tank To the filter material, the fluid and the raw water are discharged from the discharge port together with the discharge passage toward the outside of the ship.

According to this configuration, it is possible to discharge the plankton living in the seawater as much as possible without being damaged, and it is possible to achieve miniaturization and suppress the processing cost. Further, since the raw water is constantly supplied to the filter unit, it is possible to prevent a drastic pressure fluctuation in the passage and prevent the occurrence of a water hammer. Further, in the backwashing step, the raw water is also supplied to the filtration unit, so that the backwashing fluid does not flow back to the raw water supply side, so that the drainage can be smoothly performed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 is a schematic system diagram of a ship ballast water manufacturing apparatus including a filtration unit according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The ballast water manufacturing apparatus 1 is installed in the ship S, and is provided with a ballast pump 2 that takes the raw water RW into the ship S and a filter unit 4 that filters the raw water RW taken into the ship. The filter unit 4 is connected to: a raw water passage 5, the raw water RW is supplied by the ballast pump 2; the water supply passage 8 supplies the filtered water FW from the filter unit 4 to the ballast tank 6 disposed in the ship S; The discharge passage 14 discharges the raw water RW in the filter unit 4 together with the compressed air A to be described later to the outside of the ship. The water delivery passage 8 is connected to the gas supply passage 12 that supplies the compressed air A to the filtration unit 4. Accordingly, the existing ballast water manufacturing apparatus that has been mounted on the ship S can be replaced with the filter unit 4 of the invention by the original filter unit, and the gas supply passage 12 can be connected to the existing water supply passage. The present invention can be easily applied to an existing ballast water manufacturing apparatus.

Each of the channels 5, 8, 12, and 14 is composed of a pipe. In the cylindrical casing 9 of the filter unit 4, a deep filter 10 in which a filter material of a filtration membrane is formed is housed. Although the ballast pump 2 in the present embodiment is mounted on a ship, it may be installed outside the ship, and may be installed in a port, for example.

The raw water passage 5 is connected to the first automatic opening and closing valve MV1 functioning as a raw water flow regulating valve, and a primary pressure is provided between the first automatic opening and closing valve MV1 and the filtering unit 4 in the raw water passage 5, that is, the primary side of the filtering unit 4 Detector P1. The water delivery passage 8 is connected to the second automatic opening and closing valve MV2 functioning as a filtered water FW water supply valve, and between the second automatic opening and closing valve MV2 in the water delivery passage 8 and the filter unit 4, that is, the secondary side of the filtration unit 4 Set the secondary pressure detector P2. Further, a mixer 26 is provided on the upstream side of the ballast tank 6 of the water delivery passage 8, and the sterilizing agent and the filtered water FW fed from the medicinal tank 28 can be stirred by the mixer 26. The drugs to be administered are, for example, hypochlorites and hydrogen peroxide. Further, in order to manufacture treated water in accordance with the standards of the ballast water management treaty, other conventional sterilization methods may be used instead of the method of administering the medicament. Specific examples include a method of bringing it into contact with ozone, a method of irradiating ultraviolet rays, and the like.

The gas supply passage 12 is connected to a third automatic opening and closing valve MV3 that functions as a compressed air introduction valve, and the discharge passage 14 is connected to a fourth automatic opening and closing valve MV4 that functions as a drain valve. One end of the gas supply passage 12 is connected to an air compressor not shown in the drawing, and the other end is connected to the secondary side of the lower portion of the filter unit 4. In addition, the other end of the gas supply passage 12 may also be connected to the vicinity of the filter unit 4 of the water conveyance passage 8, and specifically, may be connected between the filter unit 4 and the secondary pressure detector P2. The drive of the ballast pump 2 and the first to fourth automatic on/off valves MV1 to 4-1 is controlled by the controller 30. Further, the outputs of the primary pressure detector P1 and the secondary pressure detector P2 are input to the controller 30.

The air compressor can also be used on ships for other purposes, and no special settings are required. Further, each of the automatic opening and closing valves MV1 to MV4 may be a pneumatic valve, an electric valve, a solenoid valve, or a manual valve that does not use a controller.

The deep filter 10 has a hollow cylindrical shape with one end open and the other end closed by the closing member 13, and the hollow end 11 of the deep filter 10 is connected to the open end 10a of the one end toward the filtered water take-out port 16 to Filter the water outlet 16 . When the raw water RW passes through the deep-layer filter 10 in the radial direction, the foreign matter is captured by the pores inside the filter to obtain the filtered water FW. Further, the deep filter 10 is detachably housed in the casing 9 of the filter unit 4, and the open end 10a is disposed at a position lower than the closed end 10b of the other end, that is, the filter unit 4 is oriented toward the filtered water. The outlet 16 is set to be inclined obliquely downward. The angle α between the center line C in the longitudinal direction of the deep filter 10 and the horizontal plane H is preferably 20 to 70°, more preferably 30 to 60°.

The enlarged cross-sectional view of the filter unit 4 is as shown in Fig. 2, and the lower end wall 9a of the frame 9 of the inclined filter unit 4 is provided with a filtered water take-out port 16, and the end wall 9a of the peripheral wall 9b of the frame 9 of the filter unit 4 is provided. A raw water supply port 18 is provided in the lower portion of the vicinity, and a discharge port 22 is provided above the raw water supply port 18 at an upper portion in the vicinity of the other end wall 9c of the peripheral wall 9b of the casing 9.

The raw water passage 5 is connected to the raw water supply port 18, the water delivery passage 8 is connected to the filtered water extraction outlet 16, and the discharge passage 14 is connected to the discharge outlet 22. Since the filtered water take-out port 16 is connected to the gas supply passage 12, and the filtered water take-out port 16 also serves as the gas supply port 24 of the compressed air A of the filter unit 4, the gas supply port 24 is disposed in the comparative compressed air A and the raw water RW. The outlet 22 of the outlet is also in a low position. Thereby, the air lift effect by the pressure of the compressed air A is utilized, that is, the raw water RW in the discharge passage 14 is pushed up by the air to discharge the raw water RW, so that the raw water RW and the compressed air A can be smoothly discharged. The raw water supply port 18 and the discharge port 22 are provided on the primary side of the deep filter 10, and the filtered water take-out outlet 16 is provided on the secondary side.

The deep filter 10 is an external pressure type cylindrical filter having a longitudinal cross-sectional shape of a "ㄈ" type. The deep filter 10 is, for example, a synthetic type of a synthetic fiber, a chemical fiber web, a nonwoven fabric, a paper, a textile, or the like, and is formed into a cylindrical shape. As the synthetic fiber, a polyolefin, a polyester fiber, or a hot melt polymer such as nylon or an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, or a polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol or polyacrylonitrile can be used. In particular, in the case of backwashing with a gas, polyolefin and polyester fibers, specifically polypropylene, are preferable from the viewpoint of liquid discharge at the time of filter exchange. Further, the filter changes its fiber density and fineness in the thickness direction, and the outer side of the filter (the raw water inflow side) preferably has a lower fiber density or a higher fineness. The deep-layer filter 10 may also be a resin molding type called a swaddle-plate filter or a sponge-like resin molded body in which a filament or a short fiber yarn is spirally wound.

The pore size of the filtration membrane is 1 to 25 μm, more preferably 1 to 10 μm. When the pore diameter is too small, clogging occurs and the pressure loss increases. Due to the excessively large aperture, smaller plankton can pass, and in order to reduce this problem, an additional cavitation mechanism or the like must be used, so that the ballast water manufacturing cost becomes high.

The deep filter 10 can be backwashed in the filter unit 4, and the filtration performance can be restored by backwashing, and the pressure difference can be used without increasing the pressure during filtration. In the present embodiment, the backwashing is performed by the compressed air A supplied from the compressor (not shown) through the gas supply passage 12 (Fig. 1), and the compressed air A from the gas supply port 24 The supply pressure is a pressure higher than the indicated pressure of the primary pressure detector P1 by 0.05 to 0.2 MPa. The fluid used for backwashing may be a gas other than air, such as nitrogen, or may be a liquid such as fresh water or filtered seawater.

Next, the operation method of the ballast water apparatus, that is, the method of manufacturing the ballast water of the filtration unit of the present embodiment will be described using Figs. 1 and 3 . As shown in Fig. 3, the operation method of the ballast water producing apparatus is composed of an exhausting step, a first converting step, a filtering step, a second conversion, a third conversion, and a backwashing step which are the filtration preparation steps.

When the start button (not shown) of the controller 30 is set to operate the ballast water manufacturing device 1, first, the ballast pump 2 is activated, and the first automatic opening and closing valve MV1 and the fourth automatic opening and closing valve MV4 are opened to enter the row. Gas step. The venting step closes the second automatic opening and closing valve MV2 and the third automatic opening and closing valve MV3, and stops supplying the filtered water FW from the deep-layer filter 10 toward the ballast tank 6 and stops supplying the compressed air to the deep-layered filter 10 In the state of A, the raw water RW is discharged to the discharge passage 14 via the filter unit 4, and is discharged to the outside of the ship, thereby exhausting the raw water passage 5 and the filter unit 4.

Next, the second automatic opening and closing valve MV2 is turned on to enter the first conversion step. In the first conversion step, the raw water RW is supplied to the discharge passage 14 via the filter unit 4 in a state where the supply of the compressed air A to the deep filter 10 is stopped, and the filtered water FW is supplied to the water delivery passage 8.

Thereafter, the fourth automatic opening and closing valve MV4 is closed to enter the filtering step. The filtration step supplies the raw water RW to the filtration unit 4 and the filtered water FW to the water supply passage in a state where the drainage from the deep filter 10 has been stopped and the supply of compressed air to the deep filter 10 has been stopped. 8. At this time, the raw water RW flows into the hollow portion 11 from the outside of the deep-layer filter 10 through the filtration membrane of the deep-layer filter 10, thereby removing foreign matter in the raw water RW for filtration. The filtered water FW is supplied through the water delivery passage 8 and toward the ballast tank 6.

Next, the fourth automatic opening and closing valve MV4 is turned on to enter the second conversion step. In the second conversion step, the raw water RW is supplied to the filtration unit 4 in a state where the supply of the compressed air A to the deep-layer filter 10 is stopped, so that the filtered water FW flows to the water delivery passage 8, and the raw water RW flows to the discharge passage. 14.

Next, the second automatic opening and closing valve MV2 is closed to enter the third conversion step. In the third conversion step, the raw water RW is caused to flow to the discharge passage 14 in a state where the supply of the filtered water FW from the deep-layer filter 10 to the ballast tank 6 and the supply of the compressed air A to the deep-type filtered gas 10 are stopped. Thus, the supply of the filtered water FW from the deep-layer filter 10 is stopped to prepare to start supplying the compressed air A in the opposite direction to the flow direction of the filtered water FW in the subsequent backwashing step.

Next, in a state where the second automatic opening and closing valve MV2 is closed, the third automatic opening and closing valve MV3 is turned on to enter the reverse washing step. In the state in which the filtered water FW is supplied to the ballast tank 6, the raw water RW is supplied to the filter unit 4, and the compressed air A is supplied to the hollow portion 11 of the deep-layer filter 10, and the compression is performed. The air A flows to the discharge passage 14 together with the raw water RW. Thereby, the compressed air A passes through the deep-layer filter 10 in the opposite direction of the filtering step, and the foreign matter adhering to the deep-layer filter 10 and the foreign matter deposited in the frame 9 are led out of the filter unit, and are discharged from the discharge passage 14 The outside of the ship S is discharged.

After the backwashing step is completed, the third automatic opening and closing valve MV3 is closed to return to the exhausting step. Repeat this loop since then. The duration of the venting step can be variably set by a time-limited device such as a timer. The set time varies depending on the size of the processing equipment, for example, several seconds to one minute. The first, second, and third conversion steps are very short periods of time, for example, several seconds, and may be variably set by a time-limited device such as a timer. In this way, it is possible to avoid an imminent pressure fluctuation in the passage through the first, second and third conversion steps before entering the filtration step and the backwashing step. The time of the filtration step and the backwashing step varies depending on the quality of the raw water and the scale of the equipment, for example, about 10 minutes, and it can also be variably set by a time limit device such as a timer. Alternatively, the filtering step may be switched to the second conversion step at a time point when the pressure difference ΔP (= P1 - P2) of the primary pressure detector P1 and the secondary pressure detector P2 is greater than a predetermined value.

In the filtering step, the controller 30 constantly monitors the pressure difference ΔP. When the pressure difference ΔP exceeds the alarm value H1, for example, an alarm such as a buzzer can be issued to cause attention. The processing device 1 continues to operate at this moment. Further, when the pressure difference ΔP increases and exceeds the emergency stop value H2, for example, a ringing alarm is issued, and the water treatment apparatus 1 is urgently stopped. Specifically, the controller 30 stops the ballast pump 2 and turns off all of the automatic on/off valves MV1 ～4.

Impulsive pressure changes and flow rate changes not only damage plankton, but also produce water hammer in ballast pump 2, each automatic on/off valve MV1~4, and each channel 5, 8, 12, 14. According to the operation method of Fig. 3, the ballast pump 2 is always operated without stopping the supply of the raw water RW from the ballast pump 2, and the timing of each of the automatic opening and closing valves MV1 to 4 is adjusted, so that the operation can be smoothly performed. Further, since the backwashing is performed while circulating the raw water RW, the drainage pressure of the ballast pump 2 and the air pressure of the compressed air A can be drained smoothly, and there is no need to additionally provide other drain pumps and drain pipes. Simplify the system.

In the above configuration, the pore size of the filtration membrane forming the deep-layer filter 10 is 1 to 25 μm, which can suppress the pressure loss caused by the clogging of the filter, and can capture most of the plankton in a state in which it survives. Not only does it not destroy the marine ecosystem on the side of the ballast water accumulation, it also eliminates the need for cavitation and the administration of chemicals to treat plankton as is conventional, so that the amount of power consumed by the power or the amount of the medicament can be reduced. As a result, it is possible to construct a ballast water manufacturing apparatus which is inexpensive and compact in processing. Further, since the deep-washing deep-layer filter 10 can be used to restore the filtration performance of the deep-layer filter 10 for use, the processing cost can be further reduced. Further, since the deep-layer filter 10 having a low cost is used, the initial introduction cost can be suppressed as compared with a surface filter that captures foreign matter on the surface of the filter like a flat film.

Since the gas supply port 24 is the same as the filtered water take-out port 16, the gas supply port 24 and the filtered water take-out port 16 are common, and the configuration can be simplified.

Further, since the filter unit 4 is disposed so as to be inclined downward toward the filtered water take-out port 16, the position on the opposite side of the filtered water take-out port 16 of the filter unit 4 becomes high, and the raw water RW is filtered after the gas is backwashed. The compressed air A in the filter unit 4 can be easily discharged, which can reduce the worry that air is mixed into the filtered water FW. Further, when the inclination angle α with respect to the horizontal direction is excessively large, since the size of the filter unit 4 in the vertical direction is increased, it is necessary to take out the depth filter 10 from above the filter unit 4 when performing maintenance such as removal. A wide space, and when the inclination angle is too small, the compressed air A in the filter unit 4 is difficult to discharge. Therefore, the inclination angle α is preferably 20 to 70°.

Since the drain port 22 is provided above the raw water supply port 18, when the raw water is started to be supplied for the filtration operation, or the raw water is supplied after the backwashing to discharge the air in the filter unit 4, the compression in the filter unit 4 is performed. Air A is smoothly discharged.

Further, according to the above operation method, as shown in Fig. 3, during the operation of the system, the ballast pump 2 is always operated, that is, since the raw water RW is always supplied to the filter unit 4, the sudden pressure change in the passage can be avoided. And prevent the occurrence of water hammer impact. Further, in the backwashing step, the raw water RW is supplied to the filter unit 4, and by the supply pressure of the compressed air A and the supply pressure of the raw water RW, the compressed air A can be smoothly discharged by the raw water without flowing backward in the raw water passage 5.

Moreover, the deep layer filter is different from the surface filter which only collects the filtered material on the surface of the filter. Since the filtered material can be trapped in the thickness direction of the entire filter, the amount of trapping is large, and the filter is not caused. Long-term blockage.

The verification experiment was carried out using the depth filter 10 of the present embodiment. The raw water is seawater, and the supply pressure and flow rate of the raw water are 0.03 MPa and 0.037 m ³ /min, respectively. Compressed air was used for the backwashing fluid, and the supply pressure and flow rate of the compressed air were 0.13 MPa and 0.4 Nm ³ /min, respectively. The depth filter used was a gauge of 25 cm in length, 1 μm in aperture, and 25 μm in aperture. Further, the axis of the deep filter is inclined at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal plane.

Verification 1: Initial pressure loss

Table 1 shows the pressure difference between the primary side and the secondary side of the depth filter when the raw water is supplied with the raw water at a pore temperature of 0.5 μm, 1 μm and 25 μm in the depth filter 10 at a raw water temperature of 25 °C. Fig. 4 shows the relationship between the raw water supply flow rate and the pressure loss. As can be seen from Tables 1 and 4, the pressure loss in the 1 μm and 25 μm deep layer filters is small, but the pressure loss in the 0.5 μm deep layer filter is extremely large, and almost all of the raw water cannot flow. Therefore, the depth of the deep filter is preferably 1 μm or more.

Verification 2: Backwashing effect

Table 2 shows the state of the deep-layer filter (the state of the pressure difference) in the case where the continuous filtration operation is performed in the depth filter of the pore size of 1 μm and 25 μm, respectively. Filtration ‧ Backwash interaction means that the interactive filtration operation and the backwash operation are repeated every 5 minutes. In the case of a continuous filtration operation, a 25 μm deep layer filter can be carried out for about 2 hours, and a 1 μm deep layer filter rises in about 40 minutes, thereby blocking the deep layer filter. When filtering and ‧ backwashing, the depth filter does not rise after 5 hours of continuous operation, whether it is a 1 μm or 25 μm deep layer filter, and the deep layer filter does not block.

Verification 3: Water quality of filtered water

Table 3 shows the number of particles (the number of particles in water) and the removal rate of each stage contained in 1 ml of raw water and filtered water in a depth filter having pore diameters of 1 μm, 10 μm, and 25 μm. The denominator of each data is the number of particles in the water in the raw water, the numerator is the number of particles in the water in the filtered water, and the value in parentheses indicates the removal rate). In the depth filter having a pore size of 25 μm, particles having a particle diameter of 25 μm or more, about 88% or more of particles having a particle diameter of 10 μm or more, and particles having a particle diameter of 1 μm or more of 60% or more can be removed. Further, in the depth filter having a pore size of 1 μm, 99% or more particles having a particle diameter of 25 μm or more and 94% or more particles having a particle diameter of 10 μm or more can be removed, and particles having a particle diameter of 1 μm or more of 90% or more are also removed.

Verification 4: Amount of drug input

Table 4 shows the concentration of the drug (hypochlorite) required for the bacteria and microorganisms remaining in the filtered water after passing through the deep-layer filter 10. "None" means that there is no filtration, that is, primary seawater. Conventional ballast water is manufactured using a depth filter 10 having a pore size of 50 μm. As can be seen from Table 4, the effect is weaker when the pore size is 30 μm compared with the conventional 50 μm, but when using the 25 μm deep layer filter 10, only a one-third concentration of 50 μm is required, and the condition of 1 μm is required. Next, just know the concentration below one-eighth. Therefore, the depth filter 10 preferably has a pore diameter of 25 μm or less.

According to the results of the verification 1, the deep-layer filter 10 used in the present embodiment has almost no pressure loss even when the aperture is 1 μm, and the projected area of the deep-layer filter 10 is small, and the increase in size of the filter unit 4 can be suppressed. Further, it can be seen from the results of the verification 2 that it can be reused by performing backwashing. This can greatly extend the life. Further, as a result of the verification 3, when the pore diameter was 25 μm, 90% or more of 50 μm particles and 80% or more of 10 μm or more particles were removed. Further, according to the results of Verification 4, it is known that a filter having a pore diameter of 25 μm requires only one-third of the concentration of the drug as compared with the conventional filter having a pore size of 50 μm. Therefore, the depth filter 10 may have a pore diameter of 1 to 25 μm.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing the filter unit 4 according to the second embodiment of the present invention including a plurality of deep layer filters 10. In the same manner as the first embodiment, the filter unit 4A is composed of a filter material 38 and a cylindrical casing 9A that houses the filter material. The casing 9A has a filtered water outlet 16A, a raw water supply port 18A, a discharge port 22A, and a gas. The supply port 24A is provided, and the filtered water take-out port 16A is common to the gas supply port 24A. The arrangement and function of the filtered water take-out port 16A, the raw water supply port 18A, the discharge port 22A, and the gas supply port 24A are the same as those in the first embodiment.

The upper portion of the frame 9A is provided with a lid portion 9Ac that is freely opened, and a bottom plate 9Ad is provided at the lower portion. A circular through hole 52 is provided at a corresponding position of each of the deep layer filters 10 on the bottom plate 9Ad, and the hollow portion 11 of each of the deep layer filters 10 communicates with the filtered water take-out port 16 and the gas supply port 24. In the second embodiment, an auxiliary unit in which the both ends of the plurality of deep-layer filters 10 are fixed by the fixing plate 40 and integrated is used as the filter material 38. The fixing means is fixed by, for example, an adhesive, but the method is not limited. Each of the deep-layer filters 10 is not closed at the one end by the closing member 13 (Fig. 2), that is, the hollow cylindrical shape in which both ends are open, and the other is the same as in the first embodiment. In the present embodiment, 19 deep-layer filters 10 are used, but the number of the deep-layer filters 10 is not limited.

Fig. 6 is a plan view of the fixing plate 40. The fixing plate 40 is made of, for example, a resin plate material, and a circular opening 46 is formed at a position corresponding to each of the deep layer filters 10. The diameter of the opening 46 is set to be smaller than the outer diameter of the deep filter 10. In the present embodiment, although the fixing plate 40 has a hexagonal shape, it may have other polygonal shapes or circular shapes. A fitting groove 48 is formed in one side of the fixing plate 40, and is fitted to the fitting plate 44 of the frame 9A to position the direction around the filter material 38 with respect to the frame 9A.

Next, a method of combining the filter units 4 of the second embodiment will be described using FIG. First, each of the deep-layer filters 10 is fixed to the fixing plate 40 such that the both ends of the deep-layer filter 10 are opposed to the opening 46 by using an adhesive or the like, and the filter material 38 (as an auxiliary unit) is completed after integration.

Then, in the state in which the fitting groove 48 of the fixing plate 40 is fitted to the fitting plate 44 of the frame 9A, the filter material 38 is inserted into the frame 9A. Next, the lid portion 9Ac is closed, and the filter member 38 is strongly supported by the holding of the lid portion 9Ac and the bottom plate 9Ad.

Here, since the upper portion of the deep-layer filter 10 is closed by the lid portion 9Ac, the filtered water FW in the hollow portion 11 of the deep-layer filter 10 is discharged from the filtered water take-out port 16 through the through hole 52 of the lower bottom plate 9Ad. Moreover, the backwashing compressed air A introduced from the gas supply port 22A to the filter unit 4A is guided from the through hole 52 of the bottom plate 9Ad to the hollow portion 11 of the deep layer filter 10, and the deep layer filter 10 is washed.

According to the second embodiment, in addition to the effects similar to those of the first embodiment, since the filter material 38 is formed by combining a plurality of deep-layer filters 10, the filtration area is increased, and the filtration efficiency is preferably improved. Next, since a plurality of deep-layer filters 10 are integrated into an auxiliary unit, a plurality of deep-layer filters 10 can be easily exchanged through the exchange-integrated filter material 38.

Fig. 7 is a schematic system diagram of a ballast water manufacturing apparatus according to a third embodiment. The first embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the first and second filter units 4B and 4C are provided, and the filter unit 4C on the other side is backwashed while filtering is performed on the filter unit 4B (4C) on one side ( 4B) Other configurations and operations are the same as those of the device of Fig. 1 . The filter units 4B and 4C may be the filter unit 4 of the first embodiment or the filter unit 4 of the second embodiment.

In the third embodiment, the raw water passage 5 supplied from the ballast pump 2 to the raw water RW is divided into two raw water branch passages 5B and 5C, and the first and second raw water branch passages 5B and 5C are connected to the first and second, respectively. The raw water supply ports 18B and 18C of the filter units 4B and 4C. The first and second raw water branch passages 5B and 5C are provided with first and second raw water inflow valves B1 and C1, respectively. The water delivery passage 8 that sends the filtered water FW to the ballast tank 6 via the mixer 26 and the chemical tank 28 is also branched at the two first and second filter units 4B, 4C, and the first and second raw water branch passages 8B and 8C are connected to the filtered water take-out ports 16B and 16C of the first and second filter units 4B and 4C, respectively. The first and second raw water branch passages 8B and 8C are provided with first and second filtered water supply valves B2 and C2, respectively.

The air supply passage 12 to which the backwashing compressed air A is supplied also branches into two first and second air branch passages 12B and 12C, and the first and second air branch passages 12B and 12C are connected to the first and second filters, respectively. The upstream side of the first and second filtered water delivery valves B2, C2 of the water branch passages 8B, 8C, that is, the filter units 4B, 4C side. The first and second air branch passages 12B and 12C are provided with first and second air supply valves B3 and C3, respectively. At the same time, the discharge passage 14 for discharging the compressed air A and the raw water in each of the filter units 4B, 4C is also divided into the first and second discharge branch passages 14B, 14C, and the first and second drainage branch passages 14B, 14C are respectively connected to the first 1 and discharge ports 22B and 22C of the second filter units 4B and 4C. The first and second discharge branch passages 14B and 14C are provided with first and second discharge valves B4 and C4, respectively.

In the present embodiment, the ballast pump 2, the ballast tank 6, the mixer 26, the chemical tank 28 and the raw water passage 5, the water supply passage 8, the air supply passage 12, and the discharge passage 14 may also be used in the existing ship. Only the filter units 4B and 4C of the present embodiment and the portions connecting the branch pipes can be exchanged with the conventional elements. In addition, each of the valves B1 to B4 and C1 to C4 may use a pneumatic valve, an electric valve, a solenoid valve, or a manual valve that does not use a controller.

Next, the operation method of the ballast water manufacturing apparatus of this embodiment will be described using Figs. 8 and 9. Fig. 8 is a system diagram when the second filter unit 4C performs backwashing when the first filter unit 4B performs filtration. At this time, the first raw water inflow valve B1, the first filtered water delivery valve B2, the second raw water inflow valve C1, the second air supply valve C3, and the second discharge valve C4 are in an open state, and the first air supply valve B3, the first 1 The discharge valve B4 and the second filtered water supply valve C2 are in a closed state. The raw water RW supplied by the ballast pump 2 is supplied to the first and second filter units 4B and 4C through the first and second raw water branch passages 5B and 5C. The raw water RW supplied to the first filter unit 4B is filtered by the deep filter 10, and sent from the first water supply branch passage 8B to the ballast tank 6 through the water delivery passage 8. On the other hand, the compressed air A supplied from the air compressor (not shown) is supplied to the second filter unit 4C through the second air branch discharge passage 12C, and the deep filter 10 is backwashed, together with the raw water RW. The second discharge branch passage 14C is discharged to the outside of the ship through the discharge passage 14. The arrow RA shown in the figure is the flow direction of the raw water RW, the arrow FA is the flow direction of the filtered water FW, and the arrow AA is the flow direction of the compressed air A.

Fig. 9 is a system diagram when the first filter unit 4B performs backwashing when the second filter unit 4C performs filtration. At this time, the first raw water inflow valve B1, the first air supply valve B3, the first discharge valve B4, the second raw water inflow valve C1, and the second filtered water supply valve C2 are in an open state, and the first filtered water supply valve B2 is opened. The second air supply valve C3 and the second discharge valve C4 are in a closed state. The raw water RW supplied by the ballast pump 2 is supplied to the first and second filter units 4B and 4C through the first and second raw water branch passages 5A and 5B. The raw water RW supplied to the second filter unit 4C is filtered by the deep filter 10, and sent from the second water supply branch passage 8C to the ballast tank 6 through the water delivery passage 8. On the other hand, the compressed air A supplied from the air compressor (not shown) is supplied to the first filter unit 4B through the first air branch discharge passage 12B, and the backwash deep layer filter 10 is carried out, together with the raw water RW. The first discharge branch passage 14B is discharged to the outside of the ship through the discharge passage 14.

The switching states of the valves B1 to B4 and C1 to C4 in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 are overlapped by a time limit device such as a timer, so that the filter unit 4B (4C) on one side is backwashed, and the other side is on the other side. Filtration unit 4C (4B) can also perform filtration. In the present embodiment, two filter units 4B and 4C are provided, but three or more filters may be provided.

According to the third embodiment, since the first and second filter units 4B and 4C can perform backwashing and filtration at the same time, the filtration can be continued continuously, and the production time of the ballast water can be shortened. Further, it is assumed that even if the filter unit 4B (4C) on one side is in an abnormal state, the other side filter unit 4C (4B) can alternately perform filtration and backwashing to manufacture ballast water, thereby improving the reliability of the overall system.

Fig. 10 shows a filter unit 4D of the fourth embodiment. In the present embodiment, the cylindrical frame 9D of the inclined filter unit 4D is composed of a lower end wall 9Da, a peripheral wall 9Db, and an upper end wall 9Dc, and the axis C is obliquely provided from one end. The wall 9Da is inclined obliquely upward toward the other end wall 9Dc. The angle (inclination angle α) between the center line C and the horizontal plane H of the long side mode of the deep filter 10 is preferably 20 to 70°, more preferably 30 to 60°. When the inclination angle α is excessively large, since the upper and lower dimensions of the filter unit 4D also become large, it takes a relatively large space to take out the deep layer filter 10D from above the filter unit 4D during maintenance work such as disassembly, and when the angle is too small It is difficult to discharge the air A in the casing 9D.

Each of the end walls 9Da of the frame 9D is formed with a discharge port 22D connected to the discharge passage 14; at the peripheral wall 9Db, a raw water supply port 18D connected to the raw water passage 5 is formed in the vicinity of the end wall 9Da; at the peripheral wall 9Db A gas supply port 24D connected to the gas supply passage 12 and a filtered water take-out port 16D connected to the water delivery passage 8 are formed in the vicinity of the other end wall 9Dc. The filtered water take-out port 16 is provided at the uppermost portion in the circumferential direction of the inclined peripheral wall 9b.

An annular bottom plate 9Dd is provided on the lower side in the axial direction of the gas supply port 24D and the filtered water take-out port 16D at the peripheral wall 9Db of the casing 9D, and the open end 10Da of the deep filter 10D is supported by the bottom plate 9Dd. That is, a space S is formed between the other end wall 9Dc and the bottom plate 9Dd at the frame body 9D, and the gas supply port 24D, the filtered water take-out port 16D, and the open end 10Da of the deep-layer filter 10D face the space S, and the deep layer type The hollow portion 11D of the filter 10D and the space S communicate with each other. The deep layer filter 10D concentric with the frame 9D is also inclined, and the open end 10Da is disposed above the closed end 10Db. The other structure is the same as that of the first embodiment.

According to the fourth embodiment, since the open end 10Da of the deep-layer filter 10D is opened obliquely upward, when the backwashing step is switched to the exhausting step, air near the closed end 10Db of the deep-layer filter 10D is opened from the opening. The discharge of the end 10Da prevents air from remaining in the deep-layer filter 10D, so that the filtration of the deep-layer filter 10D can be efficiently performed at the time of the filtration step.

In the fourth embodiment, a plurality of deep layer filters 10D may be used as in the second embodiment, or two filter units 4D may be used as in the third embodiment to configure the device. The aforementioned structural combination.

Figure 11 is a schematic system diagram of a ballast water manufacturing apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. The ballast water production apparatus 1A of the present embodiment is different from the ballast water production apparatus 1 of the first embodiment in that it includes an ultraviolet irradiation unit 3 that irradiates ultraviolet rays to the filtered water FW. Further, the filter unit 4 is a filter unit 4D according to the fourth embodiment shown in Fig. 10, and the water supply passage 8 is connected to the filter water outlet port 16 of the filter unit 4, and is connected to the row of the discharge passage 14. Air passage 19. The exhaust passage 19 is connected to a fifth automatic opening and closing valve MV5 that functions as an exhaust valve, and the controller 30 controls the fifth automatic opening and closing valve MV5. The fifth automatic opening and closing valve MV5 can use a pneumatic valve, an electric valve, a solenoid valve, or a manual valve that does not use a controller. The other structure is the same as that of the ballast water manufacturing apparatus 1 of Fig. 1.

The ultraviolet irradiation unit 3 is disposed on the upstream side of the ballast tank 6 of the water delivery passage 8. The ultraviolet irradiation unit 3 processes the plankton and the fungi remaining in the filtered water FW filtered by the filtration unit 4 so as to be irradiated with ultraviolet rays, and thus has a unit casing 36 that houses a plurality of ultraviolet lamps 34. The unit case 36 has a cylindrical shape, and an inlet port 29 for filtering water FW is formed in the vicinity of one end portion of the peripheral wall, and an outflow port 31 is formed in the vicinity of the other end portion. Each of the ultraviolet lamps 34 is covered with a protective tube such as quartz glass (not shown). When the filtered water FW entering the unit casing 36 from the inflow port 29 passes through the passage between the ultraviolet lamps 34, the remaining plankton and fungi are processed, and are returned to the water delivery passage 8 from the outflow port 31.

Next, a method of operating the ballast water production apparatus according to the fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12, that is, a method of producing filtered water by the filtration unit of the present embodiment and the ultraviolet irradiation unit 3 will be described. The method of processing. As shown in Fig. 12, the operation method of the ballast water manufacturing apparatus according to the fifth embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and is the exhausting step, the first conversion step, the filtering step, and the second conversion in the filtration preparation step. The third conversion and backwashing steps are composed.

When the start button (not shown) of the controller 30 is set to operate the ballast water manufacturing device 1A, first, the ballast pump 2 is activated, and the first automatic opening and closing valve MV1 and the fifth automatic opening and closing valve MV5 are opened to enter the row. Gas step. The exhausting step closes the second automatic opening and closing valve MV2, the third automatic opening and closing valve MV3, and the fourth automatic opening and closing valve MV4, and stops supplying the filtered water FW from the deep-layer filter 10 toward the ballast tank 6 and has stopped toward the deep layer. In a state where the filter 10 supplies the compressed air A, the filtered water FW flows from the filtered water take-out port 16 of the filter unit 4 to the discharge passage 14 via the exhaust passage 19, and is discharged to the outside of the ship, thereby performing the raw water passage 5 and the filter unit. 4 exhaust. Since the filtered water take-out port 16 is located near the uppermost portion of the filter unit, the air in the filter unit 4 can be smoothly discharged from the filtered water take-out port 16 to the exhaust passage 19.

Next, the second automatic opening and closing valve MV2 is turned on to enter the first conversion step. In the first conversion step, the filtered water FW is supplied to the discharge passage 14 and the water delivery passage 8 via the filtration unit 4 in a state where the supply of the compressed air A to the deep-layer filter 10 is stopped.

Next, the fifth automatic opening and closing valve MV5 is closed to enter the filtering step. The filtration step conveys the filtered water FW to the water transfer passage 8 in a state where the drainage from the deep-layer filter 10 has been stopped and the supply of compressed air to the deep-layer filter 10 has been stopped. At this time, the raw water RW flows into the hollow portion 11 from the outside of the deep-layer filter 10 through the filtration membrane of the deep-layer filter 10, thereby removing foreign matter in the raw water RW for filtration. The filtered water FW is supplied to the ultraviolet irradiation unit 3 through the inflow port 29.

In the ultraviolet irradiation 3, the filtered water FW entering the unit casing 36 is irradiated with ultraviolet rays of the ultraviolet lamp 34 while passing through the inside of the unit casing 36, and is treated by plankton, fungi, etc., and then supplied to the ballast tank. 6.

Next, the fourth automatic opening and closing valve MV4 is turned on to enter the second conversion step. In the second conversion step, the raw water RW is supplied to the filtration unit 4 in a state where the supply of the compressed air A to the deep-layer filter 10 is stopped, so that the filtered water FW flows to the water delivery passage 8, and the raw water RW flows to the discharge passage. 14.

Next, the second automatic opening and closing valve MV2 is closed to enter the third conversion step. In the third conversion step, the raw water RW is caused to flow to the discharge passage 14 in a state where the supply of the filtered water FW from the deep-layer filter 10 to the ballast tank 6 and the supply of the compressed air A to the deep-type filtered gas 10 are stopped. By stopping the supply of the filtered water FW from the deep-layer filter 10, it is prepared to start supplying the compressed air A in the reverse direction to the flow direction of the filtered water FW in the subsequent backwashing step.

Next, in a state where the second automatic opening and closing valve MV2 is closed, the third automatic opening and closing valve MV3 is turned on to enter the reverse washing step. In the state in which the filtered water FW is supplied to the ballast tank 6, the raw water RW is supplied to the filter unit 4, and the compressed air A is supplied to the hollow portion 11 of the deep-layer filter 10, and the compression is performed. The air A flows to the discharge passage 14 together with the raw water RW. Thereby, the compressed air A passes through the deep-layer filter 10 in the opposite direction of the filtering step, and the foreign matter adhering to the deep-layer filter 10 and the foreign matter deposited in the frame 9 are led out of the filter unit, and are discharged from the discharge passage 14 The outside of the ship S is discharged. After the backwashing step is completed, the third automatic opening and closing valve MV3 and the fourth automatic opening and closing valve MV4 are closed, and the fifth automatic opening and closing valve MV5 is turned on to return to the exhausting step. Repeat this loop since then.

According to the fifth embodiment, the same effects as those of the ballast water producing apparatus of Fig. 1 can be obtained. Furthermore, since most of the plankton in the seawater has been removed by the depth filter 10 in advance, the ultraviolet intensity can be suppressed from being lowered, so that only a small amount of the ultraviolet lamp 34 is required, and the ultraviolet irradiation unit 3 can be miniaturized and reduced in consumption. electric power.

Further, when the pore diameter of the filtration membrane is 1 to 10 μm, not only plankton but also floating particles (SS component) having a size of about 1 μm can be removed, so that the turbidity in the raw water RW can be greatly reduced, and the turbidity can be greatly improved. transparency. As a result, when the ultraviolet ray is irradiated, the transmittance of the ultraviolet ray in the raw water RW can be greatly increased, and since the ultraviolet ray transmittance can be increased, the amount of ultraviolet ray irradiation required is small, and for example, the number of the ultraviolet ray lamps 34 can be reduced. The miniaturization of the ultraviolet irradiation unit 3 can be achieved and the power consumption can be reduced. In order to remove the dirt of the protective tube to prevent the ultraviolet rays from being absorbed by the dirt, a scraper is provided on the protective tube. However, in this embodiment, the dirt adhering to the surface of the ultraviolet lamp 34 can be remarkably reduced, so that it is not necessary to provide the scraping as described above. The separator can not only further suppress power consumption, but also improve the maintainability of the ultraviolet irradiation unit 3.

Further, the open end 10a of the deep-layer filter 10 is opened obliquely upward, so that when switching from the backwashing step to the venting step, air near the closed end 10b of the deep-layer filter 10 is discharged from the open end 10a. Since the air can be prevented from remaining in the deep-layer filter 10, the deep filter 10 can be efficiently filtered in the filtration step as a whole. When the inclination angle α formed by the horizontal mode is excessively large, the size of the filter unit 4 in the vertical direction is increased, and when the maintenance is performed such as removal, it is necessary to take out the deep filter 10 from above the filter unit 4, and it is necessary to have a wide range. The space, while the inclination angle is too small, the compressed air A in the vicinity of the closed end 10b in the filter unit 4 is difficult to discharge. Therefore, the inclination angle α is preferably 20 to 70°.

Embodiments 1 to 6 and Comparative Example 1

The verification experiment was carried out using the depth filter 10 of the present embodiment. The deep-layer filter 10 used is a hollow cylindrical shape having a length of 250 mm, an outer diameter of 60 mm, and an inner diameter of 30 mm, and each of the pore diameters is 1 μm (Example 1), 3 μm (Example 2), 5 μm (Example 3), and 10 μm (implementation) Example 4), 15 μm (Example 5), 25 μm (Example 6), and 30 μm (Comparative Example 1), and the axial center of the depth filter 10 was placed at an inclination of 45° with respect to the horizontal plane. When the natural seawater (water temperature: 26 ° C) as raw water was filtered at a flow rate of 25 L/min, the turbidity change (the original seawater turbidity was 5.5 NTU) was measured. The measurement results are shown in Table 5. The larger the pore diameter, the lower the pressure difference, but when the pore diameter is larger than 25 μm, the turbidity of the treated water is too high, which is not practical.

Next, each of 10 μm or more of the particles present in the filtered water of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Example 1 in the raw seawater was measured by a particle counter to determine the removal rate. Further, the filtered water was placed in a quartz liquid cell having an optical path length of 30 mm and irradiated with ultraviolet rays (20 W lamp), and the ultraviolet intensity (wavelength 254 nm) passing through the quartz liquid bath was measured by a UV intensity meter. . The results are shown in Table 6. As can be seen from Table 2, the more the floating particles are removed, the higher the UV transmittance becomes.

For seawater containing 3.0 × 10 ² animal plankton per 1 L (minimum part is 50 μm or more) and 1.5 × 10 ⁴ plant plankton (8 to 12 μm in size) per 1 cc The filtration was carried out at a flow rate of 25 L/min and by the depth filters of Examples 1 to 6 of Table 5, the deep layer filter of Comparative Example 1, and the deep layer filter having a pore diameter of 50 μm, and then measuring the plankton present in the filtered water. number.

The results are shown in Table 7. In Examples 1 to 6, almost all of the animal plankton was removed, but Comparative Example 1 still contained 20% or more, and Comparative Example 2 remained about 40% of the animal floating. biological. Further, in the case of plant plankton, Examples 1 and 2 were almost completely removed, and Example 3 was removed by 99% or more, Example 4 was removed by about 99%, and Example 5 was removed by 96% or more. Example 6 About 92% was removed. In comparison, Comparative Example 1 remained 60% or more, and Comparative Example 2 remained 90% or more.

Further, when the plant plankton observed in the filtered water is 100/cc or more, the filtered water is placed in a quartz liquid tank having an optical path length of 10 mm and irradiated with an ultraviolet lamp (20 W). Ultraviolet rays were irradiated until the number of animals and plant planktons reached 1/100 of the filtered water, and the amount of ultraviolet rays irradiated was as shown in Table 7. In Comparative Examples 1 and 2, since a considerable amount of animal plankton remains in the filtered water, in order to reduce the number of plankton, Comparative Example 1 requires 5 times or more of Example 6, and Comparative Example 2 requires 6 times. Above the UV energy.

Example 7 and Comparative Example 3

A deep-layer filter 10 having an aperture of 3 μm (a hollow cylindrical shape having an outer diameter of 60 mm, an inner diameter of 30 mm, and a length of 250 mm) was used, and the natural seawater (water temperature of 26 ° C) was filtered at a flow rate of 25 L/min. The case where filtration was carried out (Comparative Example 3) and the case where air backwashing (air pressure: 100 kPa, 5 seconds) was performed every 3 minutes of filtration was compared with each other. The results are shown in Table 8. When the filtration was continuously performed, the pressure difference rapidly increased at 30 minutes due to the clogging of the filter, and the seawater was hardly circulated thereafter. However, in the case of performing air backwashing, the pressure difference was stable after 600 minutes passed.

Figure 13 is a schematic system diagram of a ballast water manufacturing apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. The difference from the fifth embodiment of the eleventh embodiment is that the ballast water production apparatus 1B of the sixth embodiment is provided with a chemical treatment unit 33 for introducing calcium hypochlorite into the filtered water FW instead of the ultraviolet rays of FIG. The irradiation unit 3 has the same configuration and operation method as those of the fifth embodiment.

The chemical treatment unit 3 is disposed on the upstream side of the ballast tank 6 of the water delivery passage 8. The chemical treatment unit 3 treats the plankton and the fungi remaining in the filtered water FW filtered by the filtration unit 4 by calcium hypochlorite, and has a container 35 for accommodating the solid calcium hypochlorite.

The container 35 is a sealed container for storing solid calcium hypochlorite. The chemical treatment unit further has a portion of the filtered water FW diverging from the branch point 8a of the water delivery passage 8 and supplying the filtered water FW to the branch passage 15 of the container 35, and dissolving the solid calcium hypochlorite in the container 35. The subsequent concentrate converges at the confluence channel 17 at the divergence point 8b downstream of the divergence point 8a of the water delivery channel 8. One part of the filtered water FW enters the container 35 via the divergent passage 15, and when it flows between the particulate solid calcium hypochlorite disposed in the container 35, the solid calcium hypochlorite is gradually dissolved, A high concentration of calcium hypochlorite solution is formed. Thereby, for example, a calcium hypochlorite concentrate having a concentration of 90% with respect to a saturation concentration can be obtained, and the concentrates can be merged with the filtered water FW of the water transfer passage 8 via the manifold passage 17. The confluent filtered water FW and the calcium hypochlorite concentrate are homogenized by the mixer 39 provided in the water transfer passage 8 to be homogenized, and the plankton and fungi remaining in the filtered water FW are treated.

A throttle mechanism 25 such as a throttle is provided between the branch point 8a and the bus point 8b to reduce the flow rate of the filtered water FW passing through the water delivery passage 8. The throttle mechanism 25 will cause the passage area to be reduced, so that the pressure at the inlet of the throttle mechanism 25 will be higher than the pressure at the outlet. The pressure difference is preferably about 1 to 10 kPa. By this pressure difference, a part of the filtered water FW of the branch point 8a on the high pressure side flows into the branch passage 15 and returns to the sink point 8b on the low pressure side via the container 35 and the bus passage 17. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a pump for supplying filtered water from the water delivery passage 8 to the container 35.

The bus passage 17 is provided with a sixth automatic adjustment valve MV6 for adjusting the flow rate of the concentrated liquid, and the downstream side of the mixer 39 of the water delivery passage 8 is provided with a chlorine residual meter M for measuring the residual concentration of chlorine in the filtered water FW. The flow rate of the concentrate is adjusted by the sixth automatic adjustment valve MV6 so that the residual chlorine concentration in the filtered water FW becomes a set value. The sixth automatic adjustment valve MV6 is driven and controlled by the controller 30, and the sixth automatic adjustment valve MV6 can use a pneumatic valve, an electric valve, a solenoid valve, a manual valve that does not use a controller, and the like.

Also in the sixth embodiment, the same effects as in the ballast water producing apparatus 10 of Fig. 1 can be achieved. Furthermore, it is possible to capture most of the plankton in a state in which it survives, thereby eliminating the need to administer a large amount of medicament to handle plankton as is conventional, so that the amount of the medicament can be reduced and the ballast water can be drained back. There is also no need to neutralize the steps with seawater in the case of seawater. As a result, it is possible to construct a ballast water manufacturing apparatus which is small in size and low in processing cost.

Further, since the chemical treatment unit 33 uses solid calcium hypochlorite, it is different from the liquid medicine and is easy to transport. Further, since the calcium hypochlorite has a high melting point, it can be easily stored in a ship body which is likely to form a high temperature.

Further, a throttle mechanism 25 for reducing the flow rate of the filtered water FW is provided between the branch point 8a of the water passage 8 and the bus point 8b, and the filtered water FW which is increased by the flow rate reduction is supplied from the branch point 8a to the storage. Since the container 35 has a solid calcium hypochlorite, it is not necessary to provide a supply mechanism such as a dedicated pump, and the configuration can be simplified, and the required electric power can be reduced.

Further, since the solid calcium hypochlorite is stored in the sealed container 35, it is possible to suppress the odor of chlorine from leaking into the hull. Furthermore, when the solid calcium hypochlorite is exchanged, it can be exchanged together with the container, so that the calcium hypochlorite does not directly contact the air in the human body or the hull.

Fig. 14 is a system diagram of a chemical processing unit 33A of the ballast water producing apparatus of the seventh embodiment. In the seventh embodiment, the chemical processing unit 33 of the sixth embodiment is replaced with the chemical processing unit 33A, and the configuration is the same as that of the sixth embodiment. In the sixth embodiment, the granular solid calcium hypochlorite used is dissolved in one gas. In the same figure, the chemical treatment unit 33A holds most of the particulate solid calcium hypochlorite in a granular form in the funnel. In 50, one of the portions measured by the measuring tube 51 is appropriately dissolved in the dissolution tank 53. The measuring tube 51 of this embodiment has a weight sensor (not shown) capable of detecting whether or not the particulate solid calcium hypochlorite reaches the desired weight. The structure of the measuring tube 51 is not limited thereto, and for example, it may be detected whether or not it reaches a specific volume. The lower portion of the funnel 50 and the measuring tube below it are connected to each other via the first valve 54, and the measuring tube 51 and the dissolution tank 53 below it are connected to each other via the second valve 55.

In the seventh embodiment, the funnel 50 is filled with a large amount (for example, 1000 g) of particulate solid calcium hypochlorite, and the first valve 54 is opened at an arbitrary timing to introduce the particulate solid calcium hypochlorite into the measuring tube 51. The amount of the desired granular solid calcium hypochlorite (for example, 45 g) is measured by the measuring tube 51, the second valve 55 is opened after the first valve 54 is closed, and the amount of the desired granular solid calcium hypochlorite is determined. The dissolution tank 53 is introduced. The second valve 55 is closed after the introduction. The filtered water FW is caused to flow into the dissolution tank 53 via the branch passage 15 branched from the water delivery passage 8, and is stirred by the agitator 56 provided in the dissolution tank 53, so that the granular solid calcium hypochlorite is dissolved in the filtered water FW. A high concentration (for example, 3000 mg/L) of calcium hypochlorite is prepared, and after passing through the bus passage 17 to the water transfer passage 8, the mixture is stirred by a mixer 39 to prepare a treated water having, for example, an effective chlorine concentration of 1 mg/L. . In the present embodiment, the timing of the application of the particulate solid calcium hypochlorite, that is, the timing of opening the first valve 54 is determined by the value of the chlorine residual meter M, but may be set by a timer or other means.

According to the seventh embodiment, not only the effect similar to that of the sixth embodiment can be achieved, but also a high concentration of the calcium hypochlorite solution is produced in a desired amount, so that the high-concentration calcium hypochlorite solution does not remain in the dissolution tank 53 for a long time. The erosion of the dissolution tank 53 can be alleviated. Further, the funnel 50 is disposed in a completely dry space, so that the granular solid calcium hypochlorite can be easily replenished.

Examples 8 to 12 and Comparative Examples 4 to 5

The verification experiment was carried out using the depth filter 10 of the present embodiment. The deep-layer filter 10 used is a hollow cylindrical shape having a length of 250 mm, an outer diameter of 60 mm, and an inner diameter of 30 mm, and each of the pore diameters is 1 μm (Example 8), 3 μm (Example 9), 10 μm (Example 10), and 15 μm (implementation) Example 11), 25 μm (Example 12), 30 μm (Comparative Example 4), and 50 μm (Comparative Example 5), and the axial center of the depth filter 10 was placed at an inclination of 45° with respect to the horizontal plane. As raw water, it is suitable for seawater containing 3.0 × 10 ² zooplankton (minimum part: 50 μm or more) per 1 L, and 1.5 × 10 ⁴ plant plankton per 1 cc (size is 8 to 12 μm). The seawater was filtered at a flow rate of 25 L/min, and the number of plankton present in the filtered water was measured. The results are shown in Table 9.

In Examples 8 to 12, almost all of the animal plankton was removed, but Comparative Example 4 still contained 20% or more, and Comparative Example 5 retained about 40% of animal plankton. Further, in the case of plant plankton, Example 8 was almost completely removed, Example 9 was removed by 99% or more, Example 10 was removed by about 99%, and Example 11 was removed by 96% or more, and Example 12 was removed. 92%. In comparison, Comparative Example 4 still contained 60% or more, and Comparative Example 5 retained 90% or more.

Next, a concentrate prepared by adding a specific amount of particulate solid calcium hypochlorite to 1000 L of seawater was prepared to have an effective chlorine concentration as shown in Table 10, and added to Examples 8 to 12 shown in Table 9 and The filtered water filtered by the deep filter of Comparative Examples 4 to 5 was used. The effective chlorine concentration was measured using a DPD reagent, and then measured by an absorbance photometer (Shimadzu UV-1700). For the water treated with calcium hypochlorite, the number of planktons survived was measured by microscopic observation, and the number of coliforms cultured in the XM-G medium at 25 ° C for 7 days was further carried out in the Marine Agar medium under the same conditions. Cultivate and measure the number of subordinate trophic bacteria. The results are shown in Table 10.

Note: The number of coliform bacteria and the number of attached bacteria are expressed as the number of cells stacked per unit.

In Examples 8 to 10, no coliform bacteria and subordinate trophic bacteria were detected even when the effective chlorine concentration was 1 mg/L. Further, in Examples 11 and 12, no coliform was detected in the case of 1 mg/L, and no subordinate trophic bacteria was detected in the case of 2 mg/L. In contrast, in Comparative Examples 4 and 5, since a considerable amount of animal plankton remains in the filtered water, in order to reduce the number of plankton, the effective chlorine concentration must be 5 mg/L, and in order to completely eliminate the bacteria. The required effective chlorine concentrations were 2 mg/L and 5 mg/L, respectively. Thus, in Comparative Examples 4 and 5, it is necessary to use calcium hypochlorite which is 5 times or more of Examples 8 to 10 and twice or more times of Examples 11 and 12. From the above, it is understood that the pore size of the deep layer filter 10 is preferably from 1 to 25 μm, more preferably from 1 to 10 μm.

As described above, the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the drawings. However, various additions, modifications, and deletions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, in the fifth embodiment of the eleventh embodiment and the sixth embodiment of the thirteenth embodiment, the ultraviolet irradiation unit 3 and the chemical treatment unit 33 are provided between the filter unit 4 and the ballast tank 6, but they may be pressed. The ultraviolet irradiation unit 3 and the chemical treatment unit 33 are provided on the drainage side of the tank 6 (that is, in the middle of the passage from the ballast tank 6 to the outside). When the ultraviolet irradiation unit 3 is provided at this position, the bacteria in the filtered water FW are reduced during the storage in the ballast tank 6, and the ultraviolet irradiation can be further suppressed, so that the power consumption of the ultraviolet irradiation unit 3 can be reduced. . Further, in the case where the chemical treatment unit 33 is provided at this position, the liquid containing calcium hypochlorite does not flow into the ballast tank 6, so that the erosion of the ballast tank 6 can be suppressed. Therefore, the foregoing structure is also included in the scope of the present invention.

1, 1A, 1B. . . Ballast water manufacturing device

2. . . Ballast pump

3. . . Ultraviolet irradiation unit

4. . . Filter unit

4A, 4B, 4C, 4D. . . Filter unit

5. . . Raw water channel

5B. . . First raw water branch channel

5C. . . Second raw water branch channel

6. . . Ballast tank

8. . . Water channel

8a, 8b. . . Point of divergence

8B. . . First filtered water branch channel

8C. . . 2nd filtered water branch channel

9, 9A, 9D. . . framework

9a, 9Da. . . One end wall

9b, 9Db. . . Peripheral wall

9c, 9Dc. . . Another end wall

9Ac. . . Cover

9Ad, 9Dd. . . Bottom plate

10, 10D. . . Deep filter

10a, 10Da. . . Open end

10b. . . Closed end

10Db. . . Closed end

11, 11D. . . Hollow part

12. . . Gas supply channel

12B. . . First air branch channel

12C. . . Second air branch channel

13. . . Closure member

14. . . Discharge channel

14B. . . First discharge branch channel

14C. . . Second discharge branch channel

15. . . Divergent channel

16, 16A, 16B, 16C, 16D. . . Filtered water outlet

17. . . Confluence channel

18, 18A, 18B, 18C, 18D. . . Raw water supply port

19. . . Exhaust passage

22, 22A, 22B, 22C, 22D. . . Discharge

24, 24A, 24D. . . Gas supply port

25. . . Throttle mechanism

26. . . mixer

28. . . Medicament tank

29. . . Inflow

30. . . Controller

31. . . Outflow

33, 33A. . . Chemical processing unit

34. . . ultra violet light

35. . . container

36. . . Unit housing

38. . . Filter material

39. . . mixer

40. . . Fixed plate

44. . . Chimeric board

46. . . Opening

48. . . Matching groove

50. . . funnel

51. . . Measuring tube

52. . . Through hole

53. . . Dissolution tank

54. . . First valve

55. . . Second valve

56. . . Mixer

A. . . Compressed air

AA. . . arrow

B1. . . First raw water inflow valve

B2. . . 1st filtered water delivery valve

B3. . . First air supply valve

B4. . . First discharge valve

C1. . . Second raw water inflow valve

C2. . . 2nd filtered water delivery valve

C3. . . Second air supply valve

C4. . . Second discharge valve

FA. . . arrow

FW. . . filtered water

C. . . Long-side direction centerline

H. . . level

MV1. . . 1st automatic on-off valve

MV2. . . 2nd automatic on-off valve

MV3. . . 3rd automatic on-off valve

MV4. . . 4th automatic on-off valve

MV5. . . 5th automatic on-off valve

MV6. . . 6th automatic adjustment valve

P1. . . Primary pressure detector

P2. . . Secondary pressure detector

RA. . . arrow

RW. . . Raw water

S. . . Ship

α. . . Angle

The invention may be understood by the following description of the preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. However, the embodiments and the drawings are only for the purpose of illustration and description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims. With regard to the attached drawings, the same component symbols in the respective drawings are the same components.

Fig. 1 is a system diagram of a ballast water manufacturing apparatus equipped with a filter unit according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the filter unit.

Figure 3 is a table showing the operation steps of the aforementioned filtration system.

Fig. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the raw water supply flow rate and the pressure loss when the deep filter changes the aperture.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing a filter unit according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a plan view showing a fixing plate of the filter unit of the second embodiment.

Fig. 7 is a system diagram of a ballast water manufacturing apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a system diagram showing the filtration of the filter unit on the side of the ballast water producing apparatus.

Fig. 9 is a system diagram at the time of filtration of the other filter unit of the ballast water production apparatus of the third embodiment.

Fig. 10 is a perspective view showing a filter unit according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 11 is a system diagram of a ballast water manufacturing apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a table showing the operation steps of the filtration system of the fifth embodiment.

Figure 13 is a system diagram of a ballast water manufacturing apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 14 is a system diagram of a chemical treatment unit of a ballast water production apparatus according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

1. . . Ballast water manufacturing device

2. . . Ballast pump

4. . . Filter unit

5. . . Raw water channel

6. . . Ballast tank

8. . . Water channel

10. . . Deep filter

12. . . Gas supply channel

14. . . Discharge channel

16. . . Filtered water outlet

26. . . mixer

28. . . Medicament tank

30. . . Controller

A. . . Compressed air

FW. . . filtered water

C. . . Long-side direction centerline

H. . . level

MV1. . . 1st automatic on-off valve

MV2. . . 2nd automatic on-off valve

MV3. . . 3rd automatic on-off valve

MV4. . . 4th automatic on-off valve

P1. . . Primary pressure detector

P2. . . Secondary pressure detector

RW. . . Raw water

S. . . Ship

α. . . Angle

Claims (11)

A filter unit comprising a filter material and a frame body for accommodating the filter material, the frame body having a raw water supply port, supplying raw water to the filter material, a filtered water take-out port, and a fluid supply port for backwashing a fluid is supplied to the filter material; and a discharge port for discharging the backwashed fluid and the raw water; the filter material is a deep layer filter having a pore diameter of 1 to 25 μm; the filter material is oriented toward the filtered water The outlet is taken and inclined obliquely downward, and the inclination angle is 20 to 70° with respect to the horizontal direction. A filter unit comprising a filter material and a frame body for accommodating the filter material, the frame body having a raw water supply port, supplying raw water to the filter material, a filtered water take-out port, and a fluid supply port for backwashing a fluid is supplied to the filter material; and a discharge port for discharging the backwashed fluid and the raw water; the filter material is a deep layer filter having a pore diameter of 1 to 25 μm; the discharge port is disposed in the raw water The supply port is above. A ballast water manufacturing device includes a filter unit and a filter body and a frame body for accommodating the filter material, the frame body having a raw water supply port for supplying raw water to the filter material, and a filtered water take-out port; a fluid supply port that supplies the backwashing fluid to the filter material; and a discharge port that will The backwashed fluid and the raw water are discharged to the filter material; the filter material is a deep layer filter having a pore diameter of 1 to 25 μm; and the filtered water taken out from the filter unit is supplied to the ballast tank of the ship as a ballast tank Water, the ballast water manufacturing device is provided with: a fluid supply passage connected to a fluid supply port of the filter unit and supplied with a fluid for washing the filter material; and a discharge passage connected to the discharge port of the filter unit, The fluid cleaned by the filter material is discharged to the outside of the ship together with the raw water in the filter unit. The ballast water manufacturing apparatus of claim 3, further comprising an ultraviolet irradiation unit that irradiates the filtered water filtered by the filtration unit with ultraviolet rays. The ballast water manufacturing apparatus of claim 4, wherein the filter material is a deep layer filter having a pore diameter of 1 to 10 μm. The ballast water manufacturing device of claim 3, further comprising a chemical treatment unit, wherein the filtered water filtered by the filtration unit is supplied with solid calcium hypochlorite. The ballast water manufacturing device according to claim 6, wherein the chemical treatment unit is configured to treat the solidified calcium hypochlorite dissolved solution into the filtered water, and perform microbial treatment by using the hypochlorous acid produced. The solid calcium hypochlorite is taken out from a container containing solid calcium hypochlorite. The ballast water manufacturing apparatus of claim 6, wherein the chemical treatment unit dissolves the solid calcium hypochlorite into a part of the filtered water taken out from the water supply passage to which the filtered water is supplied, and converges Filtered water in the water delivery channel, wherein a throttling is provided between the divergence and the confluence The mechanism is used to reduce the filtered water flow of the water delivery channel. The ballast water manufacturing apparatus of claim 6, wherein the solid calcium hypochlorite is stored in a closed container. A method for producing filtered water, which is a method for producing filtered water by filtering raw water using a deep-layer filter having a pore diameter of 1 to 25 μm, which is provided with a backwashing step of supplying raw water to the deep-layer filter while supplying it from the filtered water side. The fluid is passed to the depth filter and the fluid is discharged with the raw water. A method for manufacturing ballast water, which is a ballast water manufacturing method using a ballast water manufacturing device according to claim 3, which has the following steps: a preparation step of stopping supply of filtration from the filter material to the ballast tank The water and the supply of the fluid to the filter material are stopped, and the fluid is discharged from the discharge port together with the raw water through the filter unit; and the filtering step is performed in a state where the discharge of the raw water from the filter material and the supply of the fluid to the filter material are stopped. The raw water is supplied to the filter unit, and the filtered water is sent to the filtered water take-out port; and the backwashing step is performed while the raw water is supplied to the filter material while the filtered water is stopped being supplied to the ballast tank. The water side supplies the fluid to the filter material, and discharges the fluid from the discharge port together with the discharge passage to the outside of the ship.