1379053 (1) 九、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於自撐式強化集 【先前技術】 玻璃纖維強化塑膠或FRP管子 鋼管的低容許應力及大的撓曲，因 φ 跨距。當內部或外部使用FRP管線 ，需要更多管線支撐。於濕式煙氣 途中，FRP噴灑集管藉由以懸掛托 撐樑的多重水平懸掛，予以支撐。 【發明內容】 顯然，上述某些成本問題可藉 型地用於此種噴灑集管的自撐式管-^ 因此，本發明之一態樣係提供 可使用FRP管來跨越更大的無支撐 管線支撐的需要。於WFGD用途中 在合金支撐鋼及托架方面，在所有 成本方面亦具有減少成本的可能性 本發明使用管的橫剖面與一增 許跨越大的距離，而無需個別結| FRP，或FRP與其他強化元件的組 結構形狀之具有較FRP更大硬度的 管。 易脆，並由於其相較於 此，侷限於小的無支撐 於容器元件時，典型地 脫硫或WFGD洗滌器用 架，沿其長度，自大支 由提供一減少或消除典 子或集管來克服。 一自撐式強化集管，其 距離，並藉此消除昂貴 ，自撐式噴灑集管不僅 洗滌器全體高度及構造 〇 進之結構段的組合來容 奪支撐。結構段可僅爲 合。添加諸如桿或其他 結構元件或構件容許增 -4- (2) (2)1379053 加無支撐的跨距長度。若使用FRP而無結構元件，跨距即 受到限制，或者管子或集管的橫剖面深度變得不佳。 本發明提供一自撐式強化集管。集管包括一水平延伸 之玻璃纖維強化塑膠製集管管子，該集管管子具有一水平 軸線。一玻璃纖維強化塑膠製凸緣藉至少一腹板連接於集 管管子之一外表面，並沿集管管子之一水平延伸段的至少 一部分延伸。該至少一腹板自集管管子的頂部及底部中至 少一方垂直延伸一選擇量，並連接於凸緣。凸緣具有一金 屬強化構件，其埋設在至少一凸緣及至少一腹板內，將集 管的橫剖面強化，以增加集管的自撐力量。 因此，本發明之另一態樣係提供一自撐式強化集管， 具有·’ 一水平延伸之玻璃纖維強化塑膠製集管管子，該集 管管子具有一水平軸線；以及一玻璃纖維強化塑膠製凸緣 ，係連接於集管管子之一外表面，並沿集管管子之一水平 延伸段的至少一部分延伸，該凸緣具有或無鋼或其他材料 製強化構件，並自集管管子的頂部及/或底部垂直延伸一 選擇量，以增加集管的自撐力量。 本發明亦提供一自撐式強化集管，包括：一水平延伸 之玻璃纖維強化塑膠製集管管子，該集管具有一水平軸線 ;以及一玻璃纖維強化塑膠製凸緣，係藉至少一腹板連接 於該集管管子之一外表面，並沿該集管管子的水平延伸段 的至少一部分延伸》該至少一腹板自集管管子的頂部及底 部中至少一方垂直延伸一選擇量，並連接於凸緣。凸緣具 有一強化構件或材料，其埋設在具有一較該集管管子的該 -5- (3) (3)1379053 玻璃纖維強化塑膠的彈性模量大的彈性模量的至少一凸緣 及至少一腹板內，以增加該集管的自撐力量。 作爲本發明特徵的的種種新穎特點於後附及形成本揭 示內容一部分之申請專利範圍中具體指出。爲更瞭解本發 明、其操作優點及特殊益處，請參考解說本發明較佳實施 例的附圖及說明事項。 【實施方式】 現在參考圖式，其中若干圖式從頭到尾使用相同參考 號碼來標示相同或在功能上類似之元件，第1圖顯示一自 撐式強化集管，或只是例如於12,14,15, 16及18具有各種 管徑，並對應地沿其長度具有不同橫剖面的集管1 0。自撐 式強化集管10於用來從發電用化石燃料電廠所產生的煙 氣中去除硫氧化物的WFGD (濕法煙氣脫硫）洗滌器有特 定用途。此種WFGD的細節及操作原理已爲該技藝人士所 周知’並因而在此不詳加討論。對此等細節有興趣的讀者 可參考凱托及史杜茲編輯，巴卜寇克&威爾寇克斯公司出 版，版權©2005’第41版之蒸汽/其發電及使用的第35章 ’茲倂入其本文俾供參考，如同在此完全說明。 圖示之自撐式強化集管10典型地係設在上述WFGD 的多數集管中一集管。於WFGD操作期間內，使用各集管 1〇來將液體淤漿反應物輸送至連接於諸如13，15，17及19 等複數歧管連接孔的複數歧管（未圖示），歧管流體連接 於此等孔。於第1圖所示集管1〇中，液體淤漿反應物於 -6- (4) (4)1379053 入口 1供至位於第1圖右側的集管l 〇。接著，沿集管1 〇 的長度將液體淤漿反應物輸送至各歧管連接孔，並接著送 出而給入個別歧管，該個別歧管終結於將液體淤漿反應物 灑入待洗滌煙氣的噴灑噴嘴（亦未圖示）。供至集管10 之入口 1的液體淤漿反應物自集管10，經由沿集管10的 長度個別歧管及噴灑噴嘴，從第1圖右側的入口 1供至位 於第1圖右側之集管10的對向端。 須維持集管1 0內液體淤漿反應物的最小流速，以防 止當液體淤漿反應物沿集管1 0流動時，反應物粒子的不 當沉澱。因此，集管10設有一內部流動區域，其自位於 入口 1之一最大內部流動區域改變（減小）至位於集管10 之一對向端之最小內部流動區域。藉由沿集管10的長度 減小內部流動區域，將液體淤漿的內部流速維持於夠高數 値’防止此種不當沉濺，同時補償因液體淤漿反應物自歧 管及噴灑噴嘴沿集管1 0長度排出的部分而減少液體淤漿 反應物於集管10中自入口 1起之長度的量。因此，觀察 到’集管10有利地設置不同直徑，例如於第1圖中自左 至右尺寸增加之直徑的集管10管段，各管段連接於次一 較大徑管段，典型地各具有一或更多對相向的歧管連接孔 。爲求清晰，於第1圖中不標示所有管徑及孔。換句話說 ’於第1圖中自右至左，構成集管10之管子的直徑以第1 圖所示不連續階梯狀，或者，必要的話，以連續方式變窄 。藉由舉例惟非限制，一典型集管1.0的管徑可自約2 0，，徑 長至約4”徑長。 (5) (5)1379053 第2圖顯示第1圖之集管1〇之一第一實施例的橫剖 視圖。圖示係一集管10之一典型FRP結構段，其相對於 一用來輸送液體淤漿反應物之集管管子Π的中心水平軸 線垂直對稱。一位於集管1〇之中線的水平對稱結構段具 有足夠深度，並使最大彎曲應力位置離開集管管子1〗的 管壁。 於第1圖的典型實施例中，集管10的總水平長度約 爲6英尺。第2圖所示FRP段具有整體高度“ h” ，並設 置各具有一相關凸緣之二腹板；例如一自集管管子11之 一頂部T垂直延伸之上腹板20,以及一自集管管子11之一 底部B垂直延伸之下腹板22。於此特定的第1圖實施例 中，上及下腹板20,22各包括一對具有厚度“ t”的分開腹 板21，此等腹板21相繼連接於一相關上或下凸緣或橫件 2 6。圖示之一在中間以下，等於圖示二腹板2 1之相加厚 度“ t”的腹板2 1在彎曲上均等，且係一替代結構。爲該 實施例及後述其他實施例所選整體高度“h”及厚度“t” 的數量或數値依特定用途而定。各橫件或凸緣26包含一 強化構件24，雖然該強化構件24可使用圓筒形或其他剖 面形狀（如後述），惟有利的是由鋼製成，且形式爲桿或 板。強化構件24以完全埋入腹板20,22的材料及其相關 橫件或凸緣2 6中較佳。這在防止強化構件2 4的腐蝕上很 重要。必要的話’可旋轉該形狀，俾橫件或凸緣26的橫 向寬度“ b ”成爲縱向，或可用符合跨距要件所需任何其 他結構形狀（例如T形物、溝道、寬凸緣等）來替代。可 -8 - (6) (6)1379053 捨鋼而使用諸如碳複合物或其他非金屬複合物之種種材料 於強化構件2 4。強化構件2 4的主要功能要件係埋入一凸 緣26及/或至少一腹板20,22的至少一方的強化構件或材 料24具有一較集管管子11的玻璃纖維強化塑膠的彈性模 量大的彈性模量’藉此，將強化集管1 0的橫剖面強化， 以增加集管10的自撐力量。 自撐式強化集管10的撓曲依結構元件及FRP橫剖面 的彈性模量及慣性力矩而定。一像T形的結構形狀亦可增 進接觸模塑FRP結構段的附著。由於較大徑須要較小的撓 曲剛性，因此’第1及2圖中之結構強化或凸緣26於接 近最大管徑32右端的34(第1圖）減至不存在。 根據本發明教示，作爲一自撐式強化集管之例子，腹 板2 1之厚度“ t”及凸緣26之位於強化構件24上方及下 方的橫件或凸緣26部分各約爲1/2英寸。強化構件24 可爲約1”厚’ 6”寬’而各凸緣26的橫切厚度可爲約7”。 腹板20,22、凸緣26及管子16沿集管的整體高度“h”可 爲約28”，向上直到凸緣26的縱尺寸於位置34，在管段 的集管管子1 1右端開始減小爲止。 於剩下的圖式中顯示有或無鋼或其他埋入材料之強化 構件2 4之其他自撐式強化集管設計的剖面。 於第3圖中，橫向上及下強化凸緣26略微延伸於上 及下腹板20,22之腹板21的縱側外，並可由FRP或其他 材料製成，俾實質上形成剖面I形樑。 於第4圖中’僅設置一下腹板22，且該下腹板22含 -9- (7) (7)1379053 有一埋入其內部的T形強化構件38，有一朝向管子16的 直立部分，以及一略較管子16之外徑窄的橫件。 於第5圖中，管子16僅具有一下腹板22，其具有一 較管子16之外徑寬的Τ形金屬或其他材料製強化構件38 〇 於第6圖中，一鋼強化板構件42埋入下凸緣26內部 ’且於第7圖中，一FRP結構元件44延伸越過下腹板22 的腹板2 1 » 第8圖顯示一類似於第7圖，惟具有一連接於腹板21 並延伸於其外，並由FRP或其他原料製成的結構元件橫板 或凸緣47。 於第9圖中，上及下腹板20,22設成連接於橫件26 的腹板21對，在腹板21與橫件26相交的各外角隅各有 —L形強化構件46。於第10圖中，上及下腹板20,22及 凸緣26提供一Τ形件，由FRP製成’其內部有τ形鋼或 其他材料製強化構件5 0。於設置強化構件的任一情形中， 其可爲鋼或其他金屬，或具有較集管管子之玻璃纖維強化 塑膠之彈性模量更大之彈性模量的材料，用來將集管剖面 強化，以增加集管之自撐力量的材料。強化構件亦可爲具 有某些諸如熱膨脹係數之特選性質的非金屬複合材料，其 與FRP密切配合，藉此減小FRP所埋入強化構件間之鍵 界面間的應力。 雖然圖示並詳細說明本發明之具體實施例以解說本發 明原理之應用’惟須知本發明可在不悖離此等原理下實施1379053 (1) IX. Description of the invention [Technical field to which the invention pertains] The present invention relates to a self-supporting reinforcement set [Prior Art] Low allowable stress and large deflection of a glass fiber reinforced plastic or FRP pipe steel pipe due to φ span distance. When using FRP lines internally or externally, more pipeline support is required. On wet smoke, the FRP spray header is supported by multiple horizontal suspensions that hang the support beam. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is apparent that some of the above-mentioned cost issues can be used in a self-supporting tube of such a spray header. Thus, one aspect of the present invention provides for the use of FRP tubes to span a greater unsupported The need for pipeline support. In terms of alloy-supported steel and brackets for WFGD applications, there is also the possibility of cost reduction in all costs. The present invention uses a cross-section of the tube with a large span over a large distance without the need for individual knots | FRP, or FRP and The group structure shape of the other reinforcing elements has a tube having a greater hardness than the FRP. Fragile, and because of this, limited to small unsupported container elements, typically desulfurization or WFGD scrubber racks, along their length, provide a reduction or elimination of the code or header from the large branch get over. A self-supporting reinforced header, the distance, and thereby eliminating the costly, self-supporting spray header not only supports the combination of the overall height of the scrubber and the structural sections that are structurally advanced. The structural segments can only be combined. Adding a component such as a rod or other structural element or component allows for an increase of -4- (2) (2) 1379053 plus an unsupported span length. If FRP is used without structural components, the span is limited or the cross-sectional depth of the tube or header becomes poor. The present invention provides a self-supporting reinforced header. The header includes a horizontally extending fiberglass reinforced plastic header tube having a horizontal axis. A glass fiber reinforced plastic flange is joined to the outer surface of one of the header tubes by at least one web and extends along at least a portion of a horizontally extending section of one of the header tubes. The at least one web extends a selected amount from at least one of the top and bottom of the header tube and is attached to the flange. The flange has a metal reinforcing member embedded in at least one of the flanges and at least one of the webs to reinforce the cross-section of the header to increase the self-supporting force of the header. Therefore, another aspect of the present invention provides a self-supporting reinforced header having a horizontally extending glass fiber reinforced plastic header tube having a horizontal axis and a glass fiber reinforced plastic a flange attached to an outer surface of one of the header tubes and extending along at least a portion of a horizontally extending section of the header tube, the flange having or without a reinforcing member of steel or other material, and self-collecting the tube The top and/or bottom are vertically extended by a selected amount to increase the self-supporting force of the header. The present invention also provides a self-supporting reinforced header comprising: a horizontally extending glass fiber reinforced plastic header tube having a horizontal axis; and a glass fiber reinforced plastic flange, at least one belly a plate attached to an outer surface of one of the header tubes and extending along at least a portion of the horizontally extending section of the header tube, the at least one web extending perpendicularly from at least one of a top and a bottom of the header tube by a selected amount, and Connected to the flange. The flange has a reinforcing member or material embedded in at least one flange having a modulus of elasticity greater than a modulus of elasticity of the -5-(3) (137) glass-reinforced plastic of the header tube At least one of the webs to increase the self-supporting force of the header. The various features which are characteristic of the invention are pointed out in the appended claims. For a better understanding of the present invention, its operational advantages and particular advantages, reference is made to the drawings and the description of the preferred embodiments of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring now to the drawings, in the drawings, in the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to indicate the same or functionally similar elements, and FIG. 1 shows a self-supporting reinforced header, or just for example 12, 14 15, 15, and 18 have various pipe diameters and correspondingly have headers 10 of different cross sections along their length. The self-supporting enhanced header 10 has a specific use for a WFGD (wet flue gas desulfurization) scrubber for removing sulfur oxides from flue gas produced by a fossil fuel power plant for power generation. The details and principles of operation of such WFGD are well known to those skilled in the art and are therefore not discussed in detail herein. Readers interested in these details can refer to the editors of Kato and Studz, published by Babcock & Wilhelm, Copyright © 2005's 41st edition of Steam / Chapter 35 of its Power Generation and Use 'Please refer to this article for reference, as fully explained here. The illustrated self-supporting reinforcement header 10 is typically provided in a manifold in a plurality of headers of the WFGD described above. During the WFGD operation, each header is used to deliver the liquid slurry reactant to a complex manifold (not shown) connected to a plurality of manifold connection ports such as 13, 15, 17, and 19, manifold fluid Connect to these holes. In the header 1〇 shown in Fig. 1, the liquid slurry reactant is supplied to the header l 右侧 on the right side of Fig. 1 at the inlet -6-(4)(4)1379053. Next, the liquid slurry reactant is transported along the length of the header 1 至 to the manifold connection holes, and then sent out to the individual manifolds, which terminate the spraying of the liquid slurry reactants into the to-be-washed smoke. Air spray nozzle (also not shown). The liquid slurry reactant supplied to the inlet 1 of the header 10 is supplied from the header 10, via the individual manifolds and spray nozzles along the length of the header 10, from the inlet 1 on the right side of Fig. 1 to the collection on the right side of Fig. 1. The opposite end of the tube 10. The minimum flow rate of the liquid slurry reactant in header 10 must be maintained to prevent improper precipitation of reactant particles as the liquid slurry reactant flows along header 10. Accordingly, the header 10 is provided with an internal flow region that changes (decreases) from the largest internal flow region at one of the inlets 1 to a minimum internal flow region at one of the opposite ends of the header 10. By reducing the internal flow area along the length of the header 10, the internal flow rate of the liquid slurry is maintained at a high enough level to prevent such improper splashing while compensating for the self-manifold and spray nozzle along the liquid slurry reactant. The portion of the header 10 is discharged to reduce the amount of liquid slurry reactant in the header 10 from the inlet 1 length. Thus, it has been observed that the header 10 advantageously provides different diameters, such as the header 10 sections of the diameter increasing from left to right in Figure 1, each tube section being connected to the next larger diameter section, typically each having a Or more pairs of opposing manifold connection holes. For the sake of clarity, all pipe diameters and holes are not indicated in Figure 1. In other words, the diameter of the tube constituting the header 10 from the right to the left in Fig. 1 is discontinuously stepped as shown in Fig. 1, or, if necessary, narrowed in a continuous manner. By way of example and not limitation, a typical header 1.0 may have a diameter of from about 20 to a diameter of about 4". (5) (5) 1379053 Figure 2 shows the header of Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of one of the first embodiments. The illustration is a typical FRP section of a header 10 that is vertically symmetrical with respect to a central horizontal axis of a header tube for transporting liquid slurry reactants. The horizontally symmetrical structural section of the line of the header 1〇 has sufficient depth and the maximum bending stress position is away from the wall of the header tube 1. In the exemplary embodiment of Fig. 1, the total horizontal length of the header 10 is approximately 6 feet. The FRP section shown in Fig. 2 has an overall height "h" and is provided with two webs each having an associated flange; for example, a top T of one of the self-collecting tubes 11 extends vertically over the upper web 20, And a web 22 extending vertically from the bottom B of one of the header tubes 11. In this particular embodiment of Figure 1, the upper and lower webs 20, 22 each comprise a pair of split webs 21 having a thickness "t". These webs 21 are successively connected to an associated upper or lower flange or cross member 26. One of the illustrations is below the middle The web 2, which is equal to the thickness "t" of the two webs 2, is equal in bending and is an alternative structure. The overall height "h" and thickness are selected for this embodiment and other embodiments to be described later. The number or number of t" depends on the particular application. Each cross member or flange 26 includes a reinforcing member 24, although the reinforcing member 24 may use a cylindrical or other cross-sectional shape (as described below), but advantageously Made of steel and in the form of a rod or plate. The reinforcing member 24 is preferably embedded in the material of the webs 20, 22 and its associated cross members or flanges 26. This is very resistant to corrosion of the reinforcing members 24. Important. If necessary, the shape can be rotated, the transverse width "b" of the cross member or flange 26 becomes longitudinal, or any other structural shape required to conform to the span requirements (eg T-shaped, channel, wide flange) Alternatively, -8 - (6) (6) 1379053 steel is used to make materials such as carbon composites or other non-metallic composites to the reinforcing member 24. The main functional elements of the reinforcing member 24 are embedded. Reinforcement of at least one of a flange 26 and/or at least one web 20, 22 Or the material 24 has a modulus of elasticity greater than that of the glass fiber reinforced plastic of the header tube 11 by which the cross-section of the header 10 is strengthened to increase the self-supporting force of the header 10. The deflection of the reinforced support header 10 depends on the elastic modulus and moment of inertia of the structural element and the FRP cross section. A T-shaped structural shape can also enhance the adhesion of the contact molded FRP structure. Less flexural rigidity, so the structural reinforcement in the first and second figures or the flange 26 is reduced to the absence of 34 (Fig. 1) near the right end of the largest pipe diameter 32. According to the teachings of the present invention, as a self-supporting An example of a reinforced header is that the thickness "t" of the web 21 and the portion of the flange 26 that is above and below the reinforcing member 24 are each about 1/2 inch. Reinforcing member 24 can be about 1" thick '6" wide" and each flange 26 can have a cross-cut thickness of about 7". Webs 20, 22, flange 26, and tube 16 along the overall height "h" of the header It may be about 28" up until the longitudinal dimension of the flange 26 is at position 34, beginning at the right end of the header tube 1 1 of the pipe section. Sections of other self-supporting reinforced header designs of reinforcing members 24 with or without steel or other embedded materials are shown in the remaining figures. In Fig. 3, the laterally upper and lower reinforcing flanges 26 extend slightly beyond the longitudinal sides of the webs 21 of the upper and lower webs 20, 22 and may be made of FRP or other material which substantially forms a profiled I-beam. . In Fig. 4, 'only the web 22 is provided, and the lower web 22 contains -9-(7) (7) 1379053 having a T-shaped reinforcing member 38 embedded therein, having an upright portion facing the tube 16, and A cross member that is slightly narrower than the outer diameter of the tube 16. In Fig. 5, the tube 16 has only a lower web 22 having a bismuth metal or other material reinforced member 38 which is wider than the outer diameter of the tube 16. As shown in Fig. 6, a steel reinforced plate member 42 is buried. Inside the lower flange 26' and in Fig. 7, an FRP structural element 44 extends over the web 2 1 of the lower web 22. Figure 8 shows a pattern similar to Figure 7, but with a web attached to the web 21 A structural member transverse plate or flange 47 that extends beyond and is made of FRP or other materials. In Fig. 9, the upper and lower webs 20, 22 are provided as a pair of webs 21 connected to the cross member 26, and each of the outer corners intersecting the web 21 and the cross member 26 has an L-shaped reinforcing member 46. In Fig. 10, the upper and lower webs 20, 22 and the flange 26 are provided with a beak-shaped member made of FRP, which has a t-shaped steel or a reinforcing member 50 made of other materials. In any case where a reinforcing member is provided, it may be steel or other metal, or a material having a modulus of elasticity greater than that of a glass fiber reinforced plastic of a header tube for reinforcing the header profile, A material that increases the self-supporting force of the header. The reinforcing member may also be a non-metallic composite material having certain properties such as a coefficient of thermal expansion which closely cooperates with the FRP, thereby reducing the stress between the bond interfaces between the reinforcing members embedded in the FRP. While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail, the embodiments of the invention
A -10- (8) 1379053 ' 例如’本發明可應用於有關WFGDs (濕法煙氣脫硫 • )的新構造’或既有WFGDs的修理、更換及修正或翻新 。雖然以上參考特定裝置、材料及實施例說明本發明，惟 須知本發明在不悖離其精神及範疇下可多方面改變，並因 此’不限於所揭示的此等特定例子，反而及於以下申請專 利範圍內的均等物。 【圖式簡單說明】 於圖式中： 第1圖係本發明自撐式強化集管之一側視圖： 第2圖係第1圖中集管之一典型剖面之一第一實施例 的橫剖視圖； 第3圖係本發明之另一集管實施例的橫剖視圖； 第4圖係本發明之另一集管實施例的橫剖視圖； • 第5圖係本發明之另一集管實施例的橫剖視圖； 第6圖係本發明之另一集管實施例的橫剖視圖； 第7圖係本發明之另一集管實施例的橫剖視圖； ， 第8圖係本發明之另一集管實施例的橫剖視圖； 第9圖係本發明之另一集管實施例的橫剖視圖；且 第1 0圖係本發明之另一集管實施例的橫剖視圖； 【主要元件符號說明】 10 :集管 -11 - (9) (9)1379053 1 1 :集管管子 12、 14、 16、 18:管徑 1 3、1 5、1 7、1 9 :連接孔 20 :上腹板 21 :腹板 22 :下腹板 24 :強化構件 26 :凸緣 3 2 :管段 34:凸緣減縮至不存在之位置 3 8 : T形強化構件 40 : T形強化構件 42 :鋼強化板構件 44 : FRP結構元件 46 : L形強化構件 47 :凸緣 50 : T形鋼強化構件 -12 -A -10- (8) 1379053 ' For example, the present invention can be applied to the repair, replacement and modification or refurbishment of new structures of WFGDs (wet flue gas desulfurization • ) or existing WFGDs. Although the present invention has been described above with reference to the specific embodiments of the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention may be varied in many ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and therefore, is not limited to the specific examples disclosed. Equals within the scope of the patent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the drawings: Fig. 1 is a side view of a self-supporting strengthening header of the present invention: Fig. 2 is a typical cross section of one of the headers in Fig. 1 3 is a cross-sectional view of another header embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of another header embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 5 is another header embodiment of the present invention 6 is a cross-sectional view of another header embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of another header embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 8 is another header of the present invention A cross-sectional view of an embodiment of another header of the present invention; and a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the header of the present invention; [Description of the main components] 10: Header-11 - (9) (9) 1379053 1 1 : header pipe 12, 14, 16, 18: pipe diameter 1 3, 1 5, 1 7 , 1 9 : connection hole 20 : upper web 21 : belly Plate 22: Lower web 24: Reinforcement member 26: Flange 3 2: Pipe segment 34: Flange reduced to a non-existent position 3 8 : T-shaped reinforcing member 40 : T-shaped reinforcing member 42 : Steel reinforced plate member 44 : FRP structural member 46 : L-shaped reinforcing member 47 : Flange 50 : T-shaped steel reinforced member -12 -