1376651 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 .本發明是有關於一種*示系、统，特別是指 樑位置變化的橋樑警示系統。 现測橋 【先前技術】 參閱圖1，以-種監測一橋樑i的-監剩系統2為例， 主要包含有依據該橋樑i的形體安裝在該橋 木Z的數個監1376651 VI. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] The present invention relates to a system of warning systems for changing the position of a beam. Now measuring bridge [Prior Art] Referring to Figure 1, an example of monitoring a bridge i-maintenance system 2 mainly includes several supervisors installed on the bridge Z according to the shape of the bridge i
測點21 ’及設置在遠端且用於❹m等監測點u位置的二 監控器22。藉此，當該橋樑i因為地震、或其它環境因素 、人為因素而產生結構變化，導致該監測點2丨有位 : 變化時’該監控器22就可以自動辨識出該橋樑 ： 變化’並透過行動通訊將當前狀況傳達給管理人/Ί 預防意外事故的目的。 貝，達到 田…控器22的監測範圍要能 點…因此，該監控器22往往是設置在遠端，而= ^ 21間有較A的間距，所以，很容易因為外物的阻^ 外物的碰觸，而影響監測的精確性。 田次 【發明内容】 確性的橋樑警示系統。 於是，該橋樑具有—橋面， 右相s·抑用於支標該橋面且書分 有相互鄰近的至少一群子橋—刀 至少-對母橋墩，本發明㈣干/在該群子橋壞二側的 及數遮動件。”一 I:系統包含-第-感測組，· "感撕組具有相對設置在該對母橋墩一 3 第-側m少ϋ線發射與接收無線訊號的至少一 #射器與至接收II。該等遮動件分別設置在該群子橋 缴:第-側’且隨該群子橋徵停駐在離開該第—軸線的一 正吊位置’與通過該第—軸線而遮閉前述無線訊號並觸發 該接收器產生異常訊息的一異常位置。 本發明的功效是能藉由直接安裝在該橋樑的監控單元 ’降低環境因素或人為因素的干擾，達到提升監測準確性 的目的。 【實施方式】 、有關本發明之前述及其他技術内容、特點與功效，在 、下配δ參考圖式之數個較佳實施例的詳細說明十，將可 清楚的呈現。 在本發明被詳細描述之前，要注意的是，在以下的說 月内谷中，類似的元件是以相同的編號來表示。 參閱圖2、圖3及圖4’本發明橋樑警示系統的一第一 較佳實施例安裝在—橋樑2。該橋樑2具有—橋面Μ，及 用於支樓該橋面21且晝分有相互鄰近的至少-群子橋徵22 與分列在該群子橋缴22二側的__對母橋缴23。該_警示 系統包含-第-感測組3、—第二感測組4、_第三感測組 5、一第四感測組6、數遮動件71、72、一中控模組η，及 一遠端伺服器82。 该第一、第二感測組3、4分別設置在該對母橋墩23 -第:側231與-第二側232。該第一感測組3具有與該對 母橋墩23第—側231連結且沿水平方向延伸的二支桿31， 1*376651 及分別與該等支桿31滑合的一 該第二咸測紐4目士 t ° 32與—接收器33〇 琢刃組4具有與該對母橋墩幻 水平方向延伸的二支桿 ~ 32連結且沿 發射Μ 支桿41滑合的一 赞射盗42與一接收器43。每 ^ j/Λ· 5| τ〇 . ° 2、42 是與每一接 收窃33、43分別沿一第一轴 接 雁θ 釉線幻、一第二軸線X2相互對 應，且用於發射與接收無線訊號。 對 該第三 '第四感測組5、 第一伽Mi命— 扠置在該對母橋墩23 乐側23 1與弟二側232。哕坌二w ,The measuring point 21' and the two monitors 22 are disposed at the far end and are used for the monitoring point u position such as ❹m. Therefore, when the bridge i is structurally changed due to earthquakes, other environmental factors, or human factors, the monitoring point has a position: when the change is made, the monitor 22 can automatically recognize the bridge: change and pass through The mobile communication communicates the current situation to the administrator/Ί for the purpose of preventing accidents. Bay, reach the field... The monitoring range of the controller 22 should be able to point... Therefore, the monitor 22 is often placed at the far end, and = ^ 21 has a spacing of A, so it is easy to block the foreign object. The touch of the object affects the accuracy of the monitoring. Tianzi [Invention] The bridge warning system of authenticity. Thus, the bridge has a bridge deck, the right phase s is used to support the bridge deck and the book has at least one group of sub-bridges adjacent to each other - a knife at least - a mother bridge pier, the invention (four) dry / in the group bridge The two sides of the bad side and the number of blocking parts. "I: The system includes - the first - sensing group, · " the sensation group has at least one of the yokes and the receivers that are oppositely disposed on the pair of mother bridges 3, the first side, the side of the m, and the wireless signals are transmitted and received. II. The obscuring members are respectively disposed on the group sub-bridge: the first side 'and a dangling position away from the first axis with the group sub-bridge and the occlusion through the first axis The wireless signal triggers an abnormal position of the receiver to generate an abnormal message. The effect of the invention is to improve the monitoring accuracy by reducing the interference of environmental factors or human factors by directly installing the monitoring unit of the bridge. The detailed description of the several preferred embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the δ reference drawings will be clearly described in the following description of the present invention and other technical contents, features and effects. Previously, it should be noted that in the following intra-monthly valley, similar components are denoted by the same reference numerals. Referring to Figures 2, 3 and 4', a first preferred embodiment of the bridge warning system of the present invention is installed. In the bridge 2. The bridge 2 has a bridge deck, and is used for the bridge deck 21 and has at least a group bridge 22 adjacent to each other and a __ pair listed on the two sides of the group bridge 22 The female bridge pays 23. The warning system includes a - sensing group 3, a second sensing group 4, a third sensing group 5, a fourth sensing group 6, a number of blocking members 71, 72, a central control module η, and a remote server 82. The first and second sensing groups 3, 4 are respectively disposed on the pair of female bridges 23 - the first side 231 and the second side 232. The first The sensing group 3 has two poles 31, 1*376651 connected to the first side 231 of the pair of female bridge piers 23 and extending in the horizontal direction, and a second salty guide 4 mesh respectively sliding with the poles 31 The t° 32 and the receiver 33 are provided with a receiver and a receiver that are coupled to the two poles 32 extending in the horizontal direction of the pair of female bridges and are slid along the launching mast 41. 43. Each ^ j / Λ · 5| τ〇. ° 2, 42 is associated with each of the receiving stolen 33, 43 respectively along a first axis 雁 glaze illusion, a second axis X2 and corresponding to Transmitting and receiving wireless signals. The third 'fourth sensing Group 5, the first gamma Mi life - the fork is placed on the pair of female bridge piers 23 on the side 23 1 and on the second side 232.
μ 23 η 〇Α二感测、，且5具有由該對母橋 域23第一側23 1由上向下外,δ . μ… ㈣延伸的三支桿51，及分 別/、s亥等支桿5 I滑合的一發射 一〆 知射态52與一接收器53。該第 -感測組6具有由該對母橋墩23第二側232由上向下沿一 ，角延伸的二支桿61 ’及分別與該等支桿Μ滑合的一發射 益62與一接收器63,。每—發射器52、62是與每 53、63分別沿一第三軸续以 ro 一季、.在X3 ' —第四軸線χ4相互對應， 且用於發射與接收無線訊號。 該等遮動件7分別相對該第_、第二、第三、第四轴 線XI、X2、X3、X4設置在該群子橋墩22 一第一側功與 一第二側222。 該中控杈組81是與每一接收器33、43、53、63電連 接，用於接收由該接收器33、43、53、63所發射的異常訊 息。 该遠端伺服器82是以無線通訊技術或有線通訊技術與 該中控模組8通訊。 參閱圖4、圖5，及圖5，正常狀態時，該等遮動件71 ' 72會隨該群子橋墩22停駐在離開該第一、第二、第三、 第四轴線XI、X2、X3、X4的一正常位置，此時，該等遮 動件71 72並不會遮播無線訊號的行進路徑，表示該群子 橋墩22與該對母橋墩23並沒有產生位置變化，或變化的 位移量仍然在許可的範圍内。 參閱圖6’當任-個以上的遮動件71通過該第一轴線 XI或該第二軸線X2而位於遮閉前述無線訊號的一異常位 置時’會觸發該接收器33或接收器43產生異常訊息，並 透過該中控模組81傳送給該遠端伺服器82，告知遠端的監 控人員，其中-個以上的子橋墩22，或其中—個以上的對 母橋墩23有沿水平方向的位移動作，進而產生位置變化。 參閱圖7、圖8’當任一個以上的遮動件72通過該三 軸線X3或該第四軸線X4而位於遮閉前述無線訊號的一異 常位置時，會觸發該接收器53或接收器63產生異常訊息 ，並透過該中控模組81傳送給該遠端伺服器82，告知遠端 的監控人員，其中一個以上的子橋墩22，或其中一個以上 的對母橋墩23有沿垂直方向位移動作或傾斜，進而產生位 置變化〇 依據刖述，遠端的監控人員可以透過本發明監測該橋 樑2的位置變化，推測橋樑可能發生事故的位置，達到預 防意外事故發生的目的❶且值得一提的是，該中控模組Μ 可與設置在該橋面21的至少一警示器.91電連接，該警示 器91可以是警示燈、警示螢幕任一種以上的組合。藉此， §該中控核組81接收到異常訊息時，會控制該警示琴91 1376651 產生動作’警告該橋面2i上的 栘 上的仃車快速駛離該橋樑2，或 不止仃車進入該橋樑2。 參閱圖9，是本發明一篦_ ά — 弟—較佳實施例，其與該第一較 佳貫她例大致相同，不同處在於： 該第-、第二感測組3、4分別共有三個發射器 ，、二個接收器33、43。該等發射器32、42與該等接收器 33、4_3是沿水平方向排列在該等支桿3ι'4ι上，分別共形μ 23 η 〇Α 二 sensing, and 5 has three poles 51 extending from the first side 23 1 of the pair of female bridge domains 23 from top to bottom, δ . μ... (4), and respectively, /, shai, etc. A launch of the struts 5 I is coupled to a transmitter 52 and a receiver 53. The first sensing group 6 has two poles 61' extending from the second side 232 of the pair of female bridges 23 from the top to the bottom, and a launching benefit 62 and one respectively sliding with the poles Receiver 63,. Each of the transmitters 52, 62 is contiguous with each of the 53 and 63 along a third axis, and corresponds to each other at the X3'-fourth axis χ4, and is used for transmitting and receiving wireless signals. The obscuring members 7 are respectively disposed on the first side work and the second side 222 of the group of sub-branches 22 with respect to the first, second, third, and fourth axes XI, X2, X3, and X4. The central control unit 81 is electrically coupled to each of the receivers 33, 43, 53, 63 for receiving abnormal information transmitted by the receivers 33, 43, 53, 63. The remote server 82 communicates with the central control module 8 by wireless communication technology or wired communication technology. Referring to FIG. 4, FIG. 5, and FIG. 5, in the normal state, the blocking members 71'72 are parked with the group of piers 22 away from the first, second, third, and fourth axes XI, X2. a normal position of X3, X4, at this time, the obscuring members 71 72 do not block the traveling path of the wireless signal, indicating that the group of sub-bridge piers 22 and the pair of female bridge piers 23 do not have a position change, or change The amount of displacement is still within the permissible range. Referring to FIG. 6 'When any one or more of the blocking members 71 are located at an abnormal position of the wireless signal through the first axis XI or the second axis X2, the receiver 33 or the receiver 43 is triggered. An abnormal message is generated and transmitted to the remote server 82 through the central control module 81 to inform the remote monitoring personnel that more than one of the sub-bridges 22, or more than one of the parent bridges 23 have horizontal The displacement of the direction causes a change in position. Referring to FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 ' when any one or more of the obscuring members 72 are located at an abnormal position of the wireless signal through the three axes X3 or the fourth axis X4, the receiver 53 or the receiver 63 is triggered. An abnormal message is generated and transmitted to the remote server 82 through the central control module 81 to inform the remote monitoring personnel that one or more of the sub-bridges 22, or one or more of the pair of parent bridges 23, are displaced in the vertical direction. Action or tilting, which in turn produces positional changes. According to the description, the remote monitoring personnel can monitor the position change of the bridge 2 through the present invention, and speculate on the location of the bridge where the accident may occur, thereby achieving the purpose of preventing accidents, and it is worth mentioning. The central control module 电 can be electrically connected to at least one of the warning devices 91 disposed on the bridge surface 21. The warning device 91 can be any combination of a warning light and a warning screen. Therefore, when the central control group 81 receives the abnormal message, it will control the warning instrument 91 1376651 to generate an action 'warning the brake on the bridge on the bridge 2i to quickly leave the bridge 2, or not only to enter the vehicle. The bridge 2. Referring to FIG. 9, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is substantially the same as the first preferred embodiment, except that the first and second sensing groups 3 and 4 respectively share Three transmitters, two receivers 33, 43. The transmitters 32, 42 and the receivers 33, 4_3 are arranged horizontally on the poles 3ι'4ι, respectively conformal
成有三條第一軸線(圖未示)與三條第二軸線(圖未示)。藉此 ’可以由該遮動件71通過第幾條第-軸線，或通過議 第二軸線’判斷該橋標2的位置變化及變化速度，推測橋 樑可能發生事故的位置和時間，_預防意外事故 目的。 參閱圖10、圖11，是本發明一 ^ ^ ^ ^ &令货/3第二杈佳實施例，其與 s亥第二較佳實施例大致相同，不同處在於： 该第-感測組3是配合該橋# 2彎曲的弧度共設置有There are three first axes (not shown) and three second axes (not shown). Thereby, the position and the change speed of the bridge 2 can be judged by the obstruction member 71 through the first-first axis, or by the second axis, and the position and time of the accident where the bridge may occur are estimated. The purpose of the accident. Referring to FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 , a second embodiment of the present invention is substantially the same as the second preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the difference lies in: the first sensing Group 3 is provided with the curvature of the bridge # 2 bending
每-遮動件71具有環繞環繞該第_軸線χι且界定出 一通孔7H)的-實體部711。該通孔川位於正常位置時是 供無線訊號通過。該實體部711位於異常位置時是通過該第 一軸線X1而遮閉前述無線訊號。 藉此，本發明不但可以適用不同外型的橋樑2,且不管 該群子橋墩22或該對母· 23有任一個方向的位置變化 ，都會使該實體部711遮閉前述無線訊號而產生異常訊息。 因此，本發明只需設置—組以上的第一感測組3，且不限是 7 ^水千方向或傾斜方向 動株71 4 裝在該橋樑2，都同樣可以由該遮 動件71通過第幾條第—軸線 及變 線1判斷該橋樑2的位置變化 預狀立冰古 事故的位置和時間，達到 預防思外事故發生的目的。 參閱圖12，是本發明—贫. 較 發月—第四較佳實施例，其與該第二 車又佳貫％例大致相同，不同處在於： 該第一、第二感測組3、4 ώϊ _ y上 4刀別共有三個發射器32、42 與二個接收器33、43f m去-、 49 . (固未不），及分別載置該發射器32、 42與该接收器33、43的：主^曰i Λ 叩一文支扣31、41。該等支桿31、 4 1分別沿垂直方向上、·p 4fc 列。且該等發射器32、42與該 等接收态33、43是上、π纽a 、+ ..s位且沿水平方向排列。藉此， 同樣可以由該遮動件71通 ^ 弟忐條第一軸線Xl(圖未示）， =通過第幾條第二軸線X2(圖未示），判斷該橋樑2的位置 ^匕及變化速度’且能縮小該等發射器32、42肖該等接收 器33、43間的排列間距。 參閱圖13，是本發明一 — ^ n第五較佳貫施例，其與該第一 較佳實施例大致相同，不囬者 ^ 不同處在於：本發明更具有設置在 該橋面21二側的數遮動件73。 該第一、第二感測組3、4 *的克# 31、41分別具有一 水平段3 11、411，及沿一*古士人 垂直方向延伸至相對該橋面21的 一垂直段3 12、412 »且該發射哭1】 赞射态31、41、接收器32、42( 圖未示）共有二個，分別與該等支桿31、41的水平段311、 411與垂直段312、412滑合。 藉此，不但可㈣㈣群子橋墩22與該對母橋壞23 1.376651 是否^平方向產生位移，且設置在該橋面的遮動件乃同 樣會隨該橋面21移動而賴來自於該等支桿31、41垂直 段31^4】2的發射器32、42與接收器^、々 孔 ’進而產生異常訊息，告知遠端的監控人員。"，、線《 參閱圖13、圖14，是本發明—第六較佳實施例，結 及功S’所述可知’本發明之橋樑警示系統具有下列優點 、、由於本發明的第一感測組3、或第二感測組 感測組 '、或第四感測組6都是安裝在該橋樑2上，因 不今易又到外物的阻擋或外物的碰 該橋樑2的位置㈣彳不仁了以有效監測 的位… 度，推測橋樑可能發生事故 不容易心，達到預防意外事故發生的目的，且監測時 =易又到外物阻指或外物碰觸，而能大幅提升監測的精 f以I:上所述者，僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已，當不 範圍及發明說明内容所作之簡單的等效變化:二1利 屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍内。 皆仍 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1是一示意圖，說明一般監測橋樑的監测系統； 圖2疋一方塊圖，說明本發明—橋 -橋樑的-第一較佳實施例； 系、·“裝在 圖3是該第一較佳實施例的一頂視圖； 圖4是該第一較佳實施例的一側視圖； :5广該第-較佳實施例的-正視圖； -頂視圖6疋该第—較佳實施例中該橋樑沿水平方向位移的 -正=是該第—較佳實施例中該橋樑沿垂直方向位移的 ^是^第—較佳實施例中該橋樑傾斜的—側視圖； 疋—側視圖，說明本發明— -橋樑的一第仪— 橋钬警不系統安裝在 弟一較佳貫施例； 圖 1 Ο θ ΤΤ 疋—頂視圖，說明本發明~橋#逖+ •橋樑的—第三較佳實施例； _舌不系統^在 圖u是該第三較佳實施例中一 ® 12 θ 7 I场件的一剖視圖； ζ疋—側視圖，說明本發明—柊 .橋樑的-^ h 橋料4統安裝在 J 弟四較佳實施例；及 圖13是一側視圖，說明本發明一棬 橋摔的—策 橋榡警不系統安裝在 未的—第五較佳實施例。 10 1376651 【主要元件符號說明】 2…… •…橋樑 43····. •…接收器 21 ···.. •…橋面 5…… •…第三感測組 22•…· •…子橋墩 51 ..... •…支桿 221… —弟 側 52..... …··發射器 222… •…第二側 53 ·.··. …· ·接收器 η "3..... _ _ _ _ R- 4·^, f....... L5 母備与艾 牙ί四规/只’J組 231… •…第一側 61 ••… .....支才干 232 ··· •…第二側 62•… …·發射器 3…… •…第 感測組 63… •…·接收器 3 1…… —支才干 71…· ••…遮動件 32··... •…發射器 72••… ••…遮動件 33••… •…接收器 81 •… ••…中控模組 4…… …·第二感測組 82···· ••…遠端伺服器 41 ···.. …·支桿 91 •… ••…警示器 42·..·· -··發射器 11Each of the obscuring members 71 has a body portion 711 that surrounds the first axis and defines a through hole 7H). When the through hole is in the normal position, it is for wireless signal to pass. When the solid portion 711 is in the abnormal position, the wireless signal is blocked by the first axis X1. Therefore, the present invention can be applied not only to the bridge 2 of different outer shapes, but also to the fact that the solid portion 711 can block the wireless signal and cause an abnormality regardless of the positional change of the group of the bridge piers 22 or the pair of female legs 22 in either direction. message. Therefore, the present invention only needs to set the first sensing group 3 above the group, and is not limited to the 7 ^ water thousand direction or the oblique direction moving body 71 4 is mounted on the bridge 2, and the same can be passed by the blocking member 71. The first section—the axis and the change line 1 judge the position and time of the change of the position of the bridge 2 to prevent the occurrence of an accident. Referring to FIG. 12, it is a fourth embodiment of the present invention, which is substantially the same as the second vehicle. The difference is that: the first and second sensing groups 3, 4 ώϊ _ y on the 4 knives, there are three transmitters 32, 42 and two receivers 33, 43f m to -, 49. (solid not), and the transmitter 32, 42 and the receiver respectively 33, 43: The main ^曰i Λ 叩 one article buckle 31, 41. The struts 31, 4 1 are respectively arranged in the vertical direction, p 4fc. The emitters 32, 42 and the receiving states 33, 43 are upper, π neoa, + ..s bits and are arranged in the horizontal direction. Therefore, the first axis X1 (not shown) can be passed through the obscuring member 71, and the position of the bridge 2 can be determined by the second axis X2 (not shown). The rate of change 'can also reduce the arrangement spacing between the transmitters 32, 42 and the receivers 33, 43. Referring to FIG. 13, a fifth preferred embodiment of the present invention is substantially the same as the first preferred embodiment, and the difference is that the present invention is further provided on the bridge surface 21 The number of the obscuring members 73 on the side. The gram # 31, 41 of the first and second sensing groups 3, 4* respectively have a horizontal section 3 11 , 411 and a vertical section 3 extending in a vertical direction of a kobe to a deck 21 12, 412 » and the launching cry 1] The spurs 31, 41, the receivers 32, 42 (not shown) have two, respectively, with the horizontal segments 311, 411 and the vertical segments 312 of the struts 31, 41 412 slides. Therefore, not only can the (4) (4) group pier 22 and the pair of bridges 23 1.376651 be displaced in the direction of the flat, and the blocking member disposed on the bridge surface will also move with the bridge surface 21 depending on the The transmitters 32, 42 of the vertical sections 31, 41 and the receivers, and the pupils of the poles 31, 41, in turn generate an abnormal message to inform the remote monitoring personnel. ",, "refer to Figure 13, Figure 14, is the present invention - the sixth preferred embodiment, the knot and the work S' can be seen that the bridge warning system of the present invention has the following advantages, due to the first of the present invention The sensing group 3, or the second sensing group sensing group ', or the fourth sensing group 6 are all mounted on the bridge 2, because it is not easy to block the foreign object or the foreign object touches the bridge 2 The position (4) is not good enough to effectively monitor the position... It is speculated that the bridge may not be easy to accident, and the purpose of preventing accidents is reached, and when monitoring, it is easy to go to the foreign object to block or touch the foreign object, and The improvement of the monitoring is greatly improved by the above description of the present invention, which is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited to the scope of the invention. Inside. Still Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a general monitoring bridge monitoring system; Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing the present invention - bridge-bridge - first preferred embodiment; 3 is a top view of the first preferred embodiment; FIG. 4 is a side view of the first preferred embodiment; 5: a front view of the first preferred embodiment; - a top view 6. In the first preferred embodiment, the bridge is displaced in the horizontal direction - positive = is the first embodiment - the bridge is displaced in the vertical direction in the preferred embodiment - the preferred embodiment is inclined in the bridge - side view; 疋 - side view, illustrating the invention - a bridge of the instrument - the bridge is not installed in the preferred embodiment of the brother; Figure 1 Ο θ ΤΤ 疋 - top view, illustrating the invention ~ bridge #逖+ • The third preferred embodiment of the bridge; _ tongue is not systematically ^ is a cross-sectional view of a field of the 12 12 θ 7 I in the third preferred embodiment; ζ疋 - side view, description The present invention - 柊. bridge - ^ h bridge material 4 is installed in the J preferred embodiment; and Figure 13 is a side view of the present invention The bridge is broken - the bridge is not installed in the system - the fifth preferred embodiment. 10 1376651 [The main component symbol description] 2... •... Bridge 43····.... Receiver 21 ·· ·.. •...Bridge 5... •...Third Sensing Group 22•...· •...Sub-Bridge 51 ..... •...Pole 221...-Different Side 52...........·· 222... •...Second side 53 ····....··Receiver η "3..... _ _ _ _ R- 4·^, f....... L5 AI ί four rules / only 'J group 231... • ... first side 61 ••... .... 支 232 ··· •... second side 62•...·transmitter 3... •... Sensing group 63... •...·Receiver 3 1...——Support 71...·••...Blocking piece 32··...•...Transmitter 72••... ••...Blocking piece 33••... •...Receiver 81 •... ••...Central Control Module 4.........·Second Sensing Group 82···· ••...Remote Server 41 ····..·Pole 91 •... •...Warning device 42·..····transmitter 11