TWI364504B - Piping - Google Patents
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- TWI364504B TWI364504B TW95108415A TW95108415A TWI364504B TW I364504 B TWI364504 B TW I364504B TW 95108415 A TW95108415 A TW 95108415A TW 95108415 A TW95108415 A TW 95108415A TW I364504 B TWI364504 B TW I364504B
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Description
1364504 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於配管,且更特定言之係關於用於裂解爐之 配管。該配管可具有一特定幾何形狀。本發明亦擴展至具 有此特定幾何形狀之配管之各種其他用途。 【先如技術】 裂解爐尤其用於乙烯之生產中。於乙烯之蒸汽裂解製程 Φ 中,以蒸汽稀釋烴原料,且接著藉由使該原料通過爐中之 管(通常稱作"爐旋管”)將其迅速加熱至高溫。_高溫使該烴 原料分解。將含有來自該等熱解管中之熱解^反應之烴的廣 /乏混合物及原料之未反應組分之出口流驟冷以防止該等產 物再結合。接著可藉由一系列蒸餾及其他分離操作處理該 冷卻流,其中將該裂解操作之各種產物分離。 已知之裂解爐遭遇若干問題。由於流經該爐中該等管之 原料及蒸汽之滯留時間極短(幾十分之一秒),因此該爐及該 • 等管必須保待於極高溫度以達成必需之迅速加熱,來達成熱 解。因此需要大量燃料加熱該爐。 此外,該爐中該等管之極高溫度導致焦炭沉積於該等管 ,内邓。此焦化為尤其不受歡迎的,由於該管内部焦炭層 之存在降低自爐至原料之熱傳遞,且因此影響產率。其亦 增加S亥熱解管中之壓降,儘管通常認為此因素不及熱傳遞 效應重要。 . 若隼炭沉積十分嚴重,則通常必需週期性地(通常每隔2〇 至60天)使爐停工以使得該等管除焦(例如藉由蒸汽清除卜 108887.doc 1364504 由於各爐代表巨大資本投資,因此需要使該停工時間為最 小值。 【發明内容】 根據本發明,提供一裂解爐,該裂解爐具有至少一通過 該爐之熱解管,其中形成該熱解管以使得其具有至少一部 分’該部分之中心線三維彎曲。 已發現當流體流經中心線三維彎曲之配管之一部分時, • 其沿該管形成π渦流”(意即,其一運動分量圍繞該管之該中 心線)。此"渦流"與習知流動相比具有若干優勢。 由於存在渦流,因此該配管之截面上存在經改良之混 合。此外,由於此混合,跨越該配管之流動速度分佈比在 習知配管中之流動速度分佈均勻(或較鈍),該渦流流體傾 向於起活塞之作用,沖刷該等配管壁。此外,與直配管相 比’靠近該配管之壁的流動速度增加,其提供經降低之邊 界層厚度,該經降低之邊界層厚度本質上改良自該等配管 • 壁至該配管中流體之熱傳遞。 經改良之混合當應用於爐中熱解管時為尤其適當的,由 於其為該流動中心之流體及該管之該等壁流體與該中心流 體間之流體提供可觀之質量、動量及熱傳遞。因此,存在 自該熱解管之壁至流經彼處之原料流的經改良熱傳遞。此 經改良之熱傳遞達成終產物之較高產率,或將使得輯少爐 燃料消耗達成相同產率。在熱傳遞為爐生產能力之限制因 素之情況中(通常如該情況),此經改良之熱傳遞亦有效增 加爐生產能力。 108887.doc 1364504 此外,渦流可降低焦化。如上述之經改良之熱傳遞使得 熱解反應在較低熱解管壁溫度下進行,且此經降低之溫度 將導致焦化之降低。此外,較高近壁流動速度降低任何焦 厌沉積之可能性(由於該焦炭更可能藉由該渦流單獨清 掃)’且亦將易於移除任何已沉積於該管壁之焦炭。由於焦 厌沉積之減少將增加該爐在需要除碳之前可使用之時間長 度,且因此增加該爐之生產率,因此在該熱解管中使用渦 流可為極其重要的。 較佳地,該熱解管之内表面為大體上平滑的,且可例如 塗覆-低摩擦層,It等層同樣為已知的。較佳避免諸如來 復線之表面特徵’由此將導致經增加之濕周及經增加之流 動阻力之相應傾向。已知習知熱解管(直的或僅二維彎曲的) 具有來復線且此可促使渦流靠近該管之内表面。然而此為 相對局部化的(近壁效應),其使中心流即使存在交叉混合 亦極h因此,未獲得本發明之該經改良之熱傳遞優勢β 於直或一維彎曲之來復線管中該中心線相應為直的或遵 循二維彎曲。 在一較佳形式中,形成該熱解管以使得其具有至少一部 刀,5亥部分之中心線形成為一具有複數個轉彎之螺旋。若 Β “ &形成為具有複數個轉彎之螺旋(其三維彎 曲)沿該管延續,且將繼續獲得該等優勢。 渦μ在中〜線三維彎曲之管部分中迅速建立。藉由中心 線在k距離内三維f曲之熱解管部分可在某些情況中達成 上述渦流之優勢。然而,若該管接著回復至一具有直中心 108887.doc 1364504 線之正戴面’則該渦流將消失且由常規流代替。較佳地, 因此該熱解管之大部分通過該爐時具有三料曲之中心 線。舉例而言’高於5〇%、較佳高於75%、更佳高於9〇%之 邊爐中管之程度可具有3-D彎曲中心線。 可形成該熱解管部分以使得其螺旋角恆定,且#於簡化 熱解管之製造此可為需要的。 然而’亦有可能該曲率沿熱解管部分之長度變化。舉例 該管部分可具有複數個部件,各部件具有不同螺旋 曲率。由於可變曲率可使流動條件沿管變化,因…為 :要广舉例而言’可需要進入該爐時該管中之流動條件 (=該原料相對冷且尚未裂解)不同於確管離開該爐時之 :動條件(其中該原料已裂解且相對熱卜使用不同曲率將 使該等流動條件變化。 變化曲率亦使該熱解管部分在流動條件之廣範圍中良好 執行1動條件可(例如)基於原料類型,隨具有不同密度、 黏度等之不同類型而變化。可使管部分之流動特徵對於_ 組特定流動肩件而最優化以達成最佳可能結果;外而,若 4等流動條件不同於該特定组,則該管部分可能非最佳執 Ζ °相反,料曲率沿該管部分之長度變化,則其某㈣ -對於給定組之流動條件良好執行(即使其他區 不佳”且此使.該管部分在較大流動條件範圍中使用。 ::,㈣衫.之中心線為螺旋線’若該螺旋角及 ^值疋’則該曲率為值定。若在另—方面要使該曲率變 則此猎由該螺旋角之變化及/或該螺旋振幅之變化達 108887.doc 1364504 成。 當然’該管部分除曲率外之其他特徵可沿其長度變化。 此等特徵包括該管部分之可為悻定或可變化之截 爾面積及其 截面形狀。 在此說明書中該螺旋之振幅係指自中間位置位移至橫向 端之程度。因此,在具有螺旋中心線之熱解管部分之情況 中,該振幅為該螺旋中心線之橫向全寬之—半。 可要求該螺旋之振幅相對大Q舉例而言,該振幅可比該 9 管部分之内徑大。然而為了緊密性,振幅.較佳等於或: 於該管部分之内徑》 在尤其較佳形式中,該管部分形成為低振幅螺旋。對於 ’’低振幅螺旋",吾人意謂形成該部分以使得其中心線沿大 體上螺旋路徑前進,且該螺旋之振幅為等於或小於該部分 之内徑之一半。 以此方式形成為低振幅螺旋之管為尤其有利的,由於其 • 提供渴流之磚等優勢但並不佔有相較於直管大之體積,且 因此可用,於代替直管。若將該等管用於改裝具有直管之現 有爐時,則中為尤其有益的’由於該等直管可用低振幅螺 旋管簡單代替。 具有此類型之低振幅螺旋幾何形狀之配管可用於除裂解 爐中熱解管外之大量應肖中,且此等用it中一些及藉由使 用低振幅螺旋幾何形狀可獲得之優勢將隨後描述。 * 【實施方式】 ψ 在圖1中,一先前技術裂解爐藉由參考數字1〇表示。將燃 108887.doc 1364504 燒器12安置於該爐之底部以加熱該爐。熱燃燒產物經由煙 囪14離開該爐,且此等產物可用於預熱原料及熱解反應中 所用之蒸汽。 —熱解管在該爐之底部進入該爐(如由參考數字20表 不)。該熱解管向上延伸通過該爐(參考數字22),且在該管 之此部分中發生熱解發應。該管離開該爐(參考數字24),且 將忒熱解反應產物及任何未反應原料載運至一驟冷裝置。1364504 IX. Description of the Invention: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to piping, and more particularly to piping for a cracking furnace. The piping can have a particular geometry. The invention also extends to various other uses of piping having this particular geometry. [First as technology] The cracking furnace is especially used in the production of ethylene. In the steam cracking process Φ of ethylene, the hydrocarbon feedstock is diluted with steam and then rapidly heated to a high temperature by passing the feedstock through a tube in the furnace (commonly referred to as a "furnace coil). The feedstock is decomposed. The effluent stream containing the pyrolysis mixture of the hydrocarbons from the pyrolysis tubes and the unreacted components of the feedstock are quenched to prevent recombination of the products. Distillation and other separation operations treat the cooling stream wherein the various products of the cracking operation are separated. Known cracking furnaces suffer from several problems due to the extremely short residence time of the feedstock and steam flowing through the tubes in the furnace (tens of minutes) One second), so the furnace and the tubes must be kept at extremely high temperatures to achieve the necessary rapid heating to achieve pyrolysis. Therefore, a large amount of fuel is required to heat the furnace. In addition, the tubes are extremely hot in the furnace. High temperatures cause coke to deposit on the tubes, which is particularly undesirable because the presence of the coke layer inside the tube reduces heat transfer from the furnace to the feedstock and thus affects the yield. The pressure drop in the S-Hay pyrolysis tube, although this factor is generally considered to be less important than the heat transfer effect. If the carbon deposition is very severe, it is usually necessary to periodically shut down the furnace (usually every 2 to 60 days) to The decoking of the tubes (for example by steam removal) 108887.doc 1364504, since each furnace represents a significant capital investment, it is necessary to minimize the downtime. [Invention] According to the present invention, a cracking furnace is provided, which is provided Having at least one pyrolysis tube through the furnace, wherein the pyrolysis tube is formed such that it has at least a portion of the centerline of the portion being three-dimensionally curved. It has been found that when fluid flows through a portion of the three-dimensionally curved piping of the centerline, A π vortex is formed along the tube (ie, a component of motion surrounds the centerline of the tube). This "eddy current" has several advantages over conventional flow. Due to the presence of eddy currents, the cross section of the tube There is an improved mixing. Furthermore, due to this mixing, the flow velocity distribution across the pipe is evenly distributed (or blunt) than the flow velocity distribution in conventional pipes, The vortex fluid tends to act as a piston to flush the walls of the pipe. Furthermore, the flow velocity near the wall of the pipe is increased compared to a straight pipe, which provides a reduced boundary layer thickness, the reduced boundary layer thickness Essentially improving the heat transfer from the piping to the fluid in the piping. The improved mixing is particularly suitable when applied to a pyrolysis tube in a furnace, as it is the fluid of the flow center and the tube The fluid between the wall fluid and the central fluid provides considerable mass, momentum, and heat transfer. Thus, there is improved heat transfer from the wall of the pyrolysis tube to the feed stream flowing therethrough. This improved heat transfer is achieved The higher yield of the final product, or will result in a reduction in the fuel consumption of the furnace to achieve the same yield. In the case where the heat transfer is a limiting factor in the furnace production capacity (usually as the case), the improved heat transfer also effectively increases the furnace. Production capacity. 108887.doc 1364504 In addition, eddy currents can reduce coking. The improved heat transfer as described above causes the pyrolysis reaction to proceed at a lower pyrolysis tube wall temperature, and this reduced temperature will result in a decrease in coking. In addition, the higher near wall flow velocity reduces the likelihood of any burnt deposit (since the coke is more likely to be cleaned by the vortex alone) and will also readily remove any coke that has been deposited on the wall. The use of eddy currents in the pyrolysis tube can be extremely important as the reduction in anaplastic deposition will increase the length of time the furnace can be used before it is required to remove carbon, and thus increase the productivity of the furnace. Preferably, the inner surface of the pyrolysis tube is substantially smooth and may, for example, be coated with a low friction layer, and layers such as It are also known. It is preferred to avoid surface features such as the reticle' which will result in a corresponding tendency for increased wetted perimeter and increased flow resistance. It is known that conventional pyrolysis tubes (straight or only two-dimensionally curved) have a double line and this can cause eddy currents to approach the inner surface of the tube. However, this is a relatively localized (near wall effect) which makes the central flow even if there is cross-mixing. Therefore, the improved heat transfer advantage β of the present invention is not obtained in a double or one-dimensional bending. The centerline is either straight or follows a two-dimensional bend. In a preferred form, the pyrolysis tube is formed such that it has at least one knife and the centerline of the 5 hai portion is formed as a spiral having a plurality of turns. If Β " & formed with a plurality of turns of the spiral (its three-dimensional bend) continues along the tube, and will continue to gain these advantages. Vortex μ is rapidly established in the middle to line three-dimensionally curved tube portion. With the center line The pyrolysis tube portion of the three-dimensional f-curve in the k-distance can achieve the above-mentioned eddy current advantage in some cases. However, if the tube then returns to a positive-facing surface having a straight center 108887.doc 1364504 line, the eddy current will It disappears and is replaced by a conventional stream. Preferably, therefore, most of the pyrolysis tube has a centerline of three flutes when passing through the furnace. For example, 'more than 5〇%, preferably more than 75%, better. The degree of tube in the furnace above 9〇% may have a 3-D bending centerline. The pyrolysis tube portion may be formed such that its helix angle is constant, and this may be desirable to simplify the manufacture of the pyrolysis tube. However, it is also possible that the curvature varies along the length of the pyrolysis tube portion. For example, the tube portion may have a plurality of components, each having a different helical curvature. Since the variable curvature allows the flow conditions to vary along the tube, For example, 'can enter The flow conditions in the tube (= the material is relatively cold and not yet cracked) at the time of the furnace are different from the conditions when the tube is removed from the furnace: where the material has been cleaved and the relative curvature of the heat is used to vary the flow conditions. Varying curvature also allows the pyrolysis tube portion to perform well in a wide range of flow conditions, for example, depending on the type of feedstock, varying with different densities, viscosities, etc. The flow characteristics of the tube portion can be varied. Optimized for the _ group specific flow shoulder to achieve the best possible result; externally, if the 4 flow conditions are different from the specific group, then the tube portion may be non-optimal. Conversely, the material curvature along the tube portion If the length changes, then one (four) - is well executed for a given group of flow conditions (even if other areas are not good) and this makes the tube part used in a larger range of flow conditions. ::, (4) The center line of the shirt. For the spiral 'if the helix angle and the value 疋' then the curvature is determined. If the curvature is to be changed in the other way, the change of the helix angle and/or the amplitude of the helix reaches 108887. Doc 1364504 Of course, other features of the tube portion other than curvature may vary along its length. These features include the area of the tube that may be determined or variable, and the cross-sectional shape of the tube. The amplitude of the spiral in this specification. Refers to the extent of displacement from the intermediate position to the lateral end. Therefore, in the case of a pyrolysis tube portion having a helical centerline, the amplitude is half the full width of the transverse centerline of the spiral. The amplitude of the spiral may be required to be relative For example, the amplitude may be greater than the inner diameter of the 9-tube portion. However, for tightness, the amplitude is preferably equal to or: the inner diameter of the tube portion. In a particularly preferred form, the tube portion is formed as Low amplitude spiral. For ''low amplitude spiral', we mean to form this portion such that its centerline advances along a generally helical path, and the amplitude of the spiral is equal to or less than one half of the inner diameter of the portion. A tube formed as a low-amplitude spiral in this manner is particularly advantageous because it provides the advantage of a thirsty brick but does not occupy a larger volume than a straight tube and is therefore available instead of a straight tube. It is especially advantageous if the tubes are used to retrofit existing furnaces with straight tubes' because these straight tubes can be simply replaced with low amplitude solenoids. Piping with this type of low-amplitude helical geometry can be used in a large number of applications other than pyrolysis tubes in cracking furnaces, and the advantages obtained by using some of it and by using low-amplitude spiral geometry will be described later. . * [Embodiment] ψ In Fig. 1, a prior art cracking furnace is indicated by the reference numeral 1〇. A burner 10812 is placed at the bottom of the furnace to heat the furnace. The hot combustion products exit the furnace via the chimney 14, and such products can be used to preheat the feedstock and the steam used in the pyrolysis reaction. - The pyrolysis tube enters the furnace at the bottom of the furnace (as indicated by reference numeral 20). The pyrolysis tube extends upwardly through the furnace (reference numeral 22) and pyrolysis occurs in this portion of the tube. The tube exits the furnace (reference numeral 24) and carries the pyrolysis reaction product and any unreacted feed to a quench unit.
該官形成為一通常直配管。該管中之彎頭為簡單地平面 直角彎頭,其中該配管中之中心線僅二維彎曲。 實務上,將有大量熱解管通過該爐;然而,出於清晰之 目的,僅展示一單個管❶ 在一些先前技術配置中該熱解管在該爐内部具有一 "u" 或Μ或"W”構型’且稱作旋管、μ旋管、*旋管。在 斤有If况中形成該"U”或” Μ"赛"w"形狀之該等彎頭處於一 早個平面中。 圖2展不根據本發明之一實施例之爐,相應轸圖丨之爐 '等P件的。p件具有相同參考數字。此外,出於清晰之 目的,僅展示一單/(固管。 本文中,邊熱解管3〇形成三維彎曲之中心線。詳言之, 其形成為-具有自該爐之底部延伸至頂部之垂直^的螺 旋(由於該熱解管之螺旋以側視圖展示’因此其呈現為一 應瞭解此為示意圖 中所示熱解管之形式 且該熱解管可形成各種不同於該圖 i088S7.doc 丄北4504 由於該熱料30形成三維f曲之中心線,因此該熱解管 中原料與蒸汽之混合物沿該熱解管流動時將形成渴流。此 將導致經改良之原料與蒸汽之混合,且將亦改良自該熱解 管之壁進入今通過該混合物之熱傳遞。因此該熱解管之壁 可處於相較於流動不形成渦流時之壁溫低的溫度,其使得 消耗較少燃燒器燃料。此較低壁溫亦將延長該爐管之壽命 且在-些情況中允許使用較便宜合金及欲使用之管製造技 術。 此外,較低熱解管壁溫及經增加之近壁流動速度兩者減 .少沉積於該熱解管訂之焦炭量,且由於#近㈣之流動 較快’因此任何沉積之焦炭更可自該管壁移除。 此焦化之降低尤其有利,由於其確保保留良好之熱傳遞 特徵。其亦降低爐停工除焦之需要。 在圖2中,該管之部分進入該爐前展示為直的;然而,此 部分亦可形成三維彎曲之中心線,且此部分可沿其長度為 螺旋狀的。 圖2中該熱解管30之螺旋部分展示為相當類似於盤簀之 形狀^而,此使該熱解管之”封閉區”相對寬,且亦顯著 增加該管之長度(且因此滯留時間)。 此等特U在,些情況中可為非所要的,且因此該等螺旋 部分較佳形4為低振幅螺旋’其中形成該管以使得其中心 線沿大體上擇旋路徑前進,且該螺旋之振幅等於或小於該 管内徑之一半。 本文所用之術語,,螺旋之振幅”係指中心線自中間位置位 I08887.doc 1364504 移至橫向端之程度。因此該振幅為螺旋中心線之橫向全寬 之一半。 在此類型之低振幅螺旋部分中,其中該螺旋之振幅小於 該管之内徑的一半,沿該管腔存在一"視線即使在該視 線之流動可潛在地沿一直路徑前進,已發現其通常具有漩 渦成份。該螺旋部分之,,相對振幅"定義為經該内徑除之振 p。由於該螺旋管之振幅小於或等於該管之内徑的一半, 因此此意謂該相對振幅小於或等於〇 5。小於或等於〇 45、 0·40 ' 0·35、0·30、〇·25、〇 2〇 ' 〇 15、〇」或〇 〇5之相對振 幅為較佳。較小相對振幅提供對可用側面空間之更好利 用,由於該管並不完全比一具有相同截面面積之標準直管 寬廣彳于夕。較小相對振幅亦導致較寬々視線,為沿該管插 入壓力計或其他設備提供較大空間(清理該管時其可為有 用的)。然而,極小相對振幅在一些情況中可導致降低之第 -一運動及混合。 對於較高雷諾數(Reynolds number),可使用較小相對振 幅,同時導執渦流至令人滿意之範圍。此通常將意謂(對於 給定内徑而言)’存在高流動速率之情況中,可使用低相對 振幅同時仍足以導致渦流。 該螺旋角(或間距’其中該間距為該螺旋之轉彎長度,且 可根據該管之内徑界定)亦為影響該流動之相關因素。對於 相對振幅,該螺碑角可根據條件最優化。該螺旋角較佳小 於或等於65。’更佳小於或等於55。、45。、35。、25。、2〇。、 15。、10。或 5〇。 108887.doc 1364504 通常而言,對於較高雷諾數,該螺旋角可較小同時達成 令人滿意之渦流,而對於較低雷諾數,將需要較高螺旋角 以產生令人滿.意m在德㈣旋之情況中,對於較 快流動(具有較高雷諾數)使用較高螺*角將通常為非所要 的,由於可存在近壁停滯流體之凹穴。因此,對於給定之 雷諾數(或雷諾數範圍),較佳將選擇盡可能低之螺旋角以 產生令人滿意之漩渦。在某些實施例中’該螺旋角低於2〇。。 具有低振幅螺旋幾何形狀之配管長度展示於圖3中。此管 一壁厚該 恆定間距P、 100具有一圓形截面’一外徑De,一内徑〇1及 配管卷成一恆定振幅A(如自中間至端量測)、 恆定螺旋角Θ及掃掠寬度w之螺旋。該管1〇〇含於一縱向延 伸之虛擬封閉區12〇中且具有等於該螺旋之掃掠寬度〜之 寬度。該封閉區12〇可認為具有一中心縱軸13〇,其亦可箱 為螺旋旋轉之軸。該說明之管!⑽具有一直轴13〇,但應瞭 解該中心軸可經彎曲,或甚至可根據要求呈現任何形狀。 該管具有-遵循職路徑繞射讀⑹3()之巾心、線14〇。 應看出該振幅A小於該管内徑Di之一半。藉由保持該振幅 小於此尺寸,經該管佔據之側面空間及該管之總長度可保 持相對小’同時該管之該螺旋構型促使流體沿該管形成渦 流。此亦提供—沿該管之相對寬腔,其使得器具、裝置及 其類似物通過該管。 /4展不—組熱解㈣,所有該等管形成為低振幅螺旋 管。應瞭解實務上該等熱解管將以此方式形成為一組來以 短停滞時間而仍提供足夠熱傳遞至原料以使得熱解發生之 108887.doc 1364504 方式提供較高生產能力。 圖4中所示該等熱解管為"u"形形狀。各管具有—入口邙 分4〇, 一出口部分42及一"U"f頭部分44,其二維彎曲 入口部分40具有短部分直管46’接著為一” u"彎頭部分判: 其亦二維彎曲。此插入三維彎曲部分5〇,其下游端連接至 該"u"f頭部分44。第二三維彎曲部分5()將該流體載運至出 口部分42’其具有"u"f頭部分52及接著短部分直管Μ。該 兩個二維彎曲之"U" _頭部分48、52及該”U” f頭部分44 ^ 二維方式彎曲以便利製造及安裝,且此為不重要的。 在圖1中,該熱解管於該爐之底部進入該爐,且於其頂部 離開。圖5a及5b為該等熱解管3〇之代替性配置之示意圖: 在各情況中,該等中心線14〇(如關於圖3中所述)為螺旋狀。 在圖5a中’該熱解管進入該爐之頂部,向下延伸至爐之底 部,脊曲環繞,延伸至爐之頂部且離開。因此該管通常為 "U"-形。在此情況中關於圖3描述之螺旋旋轉之軸13 ”U,,-形。 ’ 在圖5b中,該管3〇並非在該爐之頂部立即離開,而是形 成另一個向下及向上之迴路,且於爐頂部離開。因此該管 通吊為W炎。在此情況中關於圖3描述之螺旋旋轉之轴 !3〇應為"W"-形。當然,該管之該特定配置將取決於特定要 求’且應瞭解熱解管之其他形狀及進入及離開該爐之其他 點可視特定要求而使用。 〜低振幅螺旋幾何形狀之使用不受限於裂解爐中之熱解 管。具有低振輻螺旋幾何形狀之配管(其可具有沿其長度變 108887.doc 1364504 化之特徵)亦可用於大量製程,該等製程包括流體通過配管 之運動或輸送、管中流體之混合、管中流體之鼓量及質量 傳遞進或俸送出、”發生沉積或污染之製程及管中發生 應之製程。此用途可適用於作為—單相之氣體或液 :或作為-多相混合物之任一氣體、液體或固體組合之混 〇物。該配管之用途可具有重要經濟效果。·The official is formed into a generally straight pipe. The elbow in the tube is a simple planar right angle elbow in which the centerline in the tube is only two-dimensionally curved. In practice, a large number of pyrolysis tubes will pass through the furnace; however, for the sake of clarity, only a single tube is shown. In some prior art configurations, the pyrolysis tube has a "u" or "W" configuration' and called the coil, μ coil, * coil. Form the "U" or "Μ" in the case of the condition of the "w" in the shape of the elbow in the early morning Figure 2 shows a furnace which is not according to an embodiment of the invention, corresponding to the furnace of the furnace, etc. The p-pieces have the same reference numerals. Moreover, for the sake of clarity, only one single/one is shown. (solid pipe. In this paper, the edge of the pyrolysis tube 3〇 forms a center line of three-dimensional bending. In detail, it is formed as a spiral having a vertical ^ from the bottom of the furnace to the top (due to the spiral of the pyrolysis tube) Shown in a side view 'so it is presented in the form of a pyrolysis tube as shown in the schematic and the pyrolysis tube can be formed in a variety of ways different from the figure i088S7.doc 丄北4504 because the hot material 30 forms a three-dimensional f curve The centerline, so the mixture of raw material and steam in the pyrolysis tube follows the pyrolysis A flow of thirst will occur as it flows. This will result in a mixture of the modified feedstock and steam, and will also improve the heat transfer from the wall of the pyrolysis tube through the mixture. Thus the wall of the pyrolysis tube can be compared The temperature at which the wall temperature is low when the flow does not form eddy currents causes less burner fuel to be consumed. This lower wall temperature will also extend the life of the furnace tube and in some cases allows the use of cheaper alloys and the intended use In addition, the lower pyrolysis tube wall temperature and the increased near-wall flow velocity reduce the amount of coke deposited on the pyrolysis tube, and since #近(四) flows faster 'so any deposition The coke can be removed from the wall. This reduction in coking is particularly advantageous as it ensures good heat transfer characteristics. It also reduces the need for furnace shut-down. In Figure 2, part of the tube enters the furnace. The front display is straight; however, this portion can also form a centerline of the three-dimensional bend, and this portion can be helical along its length. The spiral portion of the pyrolysis tube 30 in Figure 2 is shown to be quite similar to the coil. Shape ^, this makes The "closed zone" of the pyrolysis tube is relatively wide and also significantly increases the length of the tube (and therefore the residence time). Such special U may, in some cases, be undesirable, and thus the helical portions are preferred. Form 4 is a low-amplitude spiral 'where the tube is formed such that its centerline is advanced along a substantially selective path, and the amplitude of the helix is equal to or less than one-half of the inner diameter of the tube. The term "spiral amplitude" as used herein refers to The centerline is moved from the intermediate position I08887.doc 1364504 to the lateral end. The amplitude is therefore one-half of the full width of the helical centerline. In this type of low-amplitude helical portion, where the amplitude of the helix is less than the tube Half of the inner diameter, there is a "line of sight along the lumen that even though the flow of sight can potentially advance along the straight path, it has been found to have a swirl component. The relative amplitude " of the helical portion is defined as the vibration p divided by the inner diameter. Since the amplitude of the spiral tube is less than or equal to half the inner diameter of the tube, this means that the relative amplitude is less than or equal to 〇5. The relative amplitude of less than or equal to 〇 45, 0·40 '0·35, 0·30, 〇·25, 〇 2〇 ' 〇 15, 〇 or 〇 〇 5 is preferred. The smaller relative amplitude provides better utilization of the available side space since the tube is not completely wider than a standard straight tube having the same cross-sectional area. The smaller relative amplitude also results in a wider gaze, providing a larger space for insertion of a pressure gauge or other device along the tube (which may be useful when cleaning the tube). However, very small relative amplitudes may result in reduced first motion and mixing in some cases. For higher Reynolds numbers, a smaller relative amplitude can be used while the eddy current is directed to a satisfactory range. This will generally mean (for a given inner diameter) that in the presence of a high flow rate, a low relative amplitude can be used while still being sufficient to cause eddy currents. The helix angle (or spacing 'where the spacing is the turning length of the helix and may be defined by the inner diameter of the tube) is also a relevant factor affecting the flow. For relative amplitude, the lead angle can be optimized according to conditions. The helix angle is preferably less than or equal to 65. 'More preferably less than or equal to 55. 45. 35. 25. 2〇. 15, 15. , 10. Or 5〇. 108887.doc 1364504 In general, for higher Reynolds numbers, the helix angle can be smaller while achieving a satisfactory eddy current, while for lower Reynolds numbers, a higher helix angle would be required to produce a full In the case of the German (four) spin, the use of a higher screw angle for faster flow (having a higher Reynolds number) would generally be undesirable, as there may be pockets of fluid near the wall stagnant. Therefore, for a given Reynolds number (or Reynolds number range), it is preferred to select the lowest possible helix angle to produce a satisfactory vortex. In some embodiments the helix angle is below 2 〇. . The length of the pipe with a low amplitude spiral geometry is shown in Figure 3. The tube has a constant thickness P, 100 having a circular cross section 'one outer diameter De, one inner diameter 〇1 and the tube is rolled into a constant amplitude A (as measured from the middle to the end), a constant helix angle Θ and a sweep Sweep the width of the spiral. The tube 1 is contained in a longitudinally extending virtual enclosure 12 且 and has a width equal to the sweep width of the spiral. The enclosed area 12A can be considered to have a central longitudinal axis 13A, which can also be a helically rotating shaft. The tube of the description! (10) has a constant axis 13〇, but it should be understood that the central axis can be bent, or even any shape can be presented as desired. The tube has a - follow-up path to read the (6) 3 () of the towel core, line 14 〇. It should be seen that the amplitude A is less than one half of the inner diameter Di of the tube. By maintaining the amplitude less than this size, the side space occupied by the tube and the overall length of the tube can be kept relatively small while the helical configuration of the tube causes fluid to form eddy currents along the tube. This also provides a relatively wide cavity along the tube that allows the appliance, device and the like to pass through the tube. /4 exhibition does not - group pyrolysis (four), all of these tubes are formed into low amplitude spiral tubes. It will be appreciated that in practice such pyrolysis tubes will be formed in this manner as a group to provide higher throughput at a short dwell time while still providing sufficient heat transfer to the feedstock to cause pyrolysis to occur. The pyrolysis tubes shown in Figure 4 are in the shape of "u". Each tube has an inlet port 4, an outlet portion 42 and a "U" f head portion 44 having a two-dimensional curved inlet portion 40 having a short portion straight tube 46' followed by a "u" elbow portion: It is also two-dimensionally curved. This is inserted into the three-dimensional curved portion 5〇, the downstream end of which is connected to the "u"f head portion 44. The second three-dimensional curved portion 5() carries the fluid to the outlet portion 42' which has "u"f head portion 52 and then short portion straight tube. The two two-dimensional curved "U" _ head portions 48, 52 and the "U" f head portion 44 ^ are curved in two dimensions to facilitate manufacturing and installation And in this case, the pyrolysis tube enters the furnace at the bottom of the furnace and exits at the top thereof. Figures 5a and 5b are schematic diagrams of alternative configurations of the pyrolysis tubes 3〇 In each case, the centerline 14〇 (as described in relation to Figure 3) is helical. In Figure 5a, the pyrolysis tube enters the top of the furnace and extends down to the bottom of the furnace. Surround, extend to the top of the furnace and leave. Therefore the tube is usually in the shape of "U"-. In this case, Figure 3 The helical rotation of the shaft 13 "U ,, - shaped. In Figure 5b, the tube 3 does not exit immediately at the top of the furnace, but instead forms another downward and upward circuit and exits at the top of the furnace. Therefore, the tube is hanged as W inflammation. In this case, the axis of the spiral rotation described with respect to Figure 3 should be "W"-shaped. Of course, this particular configuration of the tube will depend on the particular requirements' and it should be understood that other shapes of the pyrolysis tube and other points of entry and exit from the furnace may be used depending on the particular requirements. ~ The use of low amplitude spiral geometry is not limited to pyrolysis tubes in cracking furnaces. Pipes having a low-vibration spiral geometry (which may have characteristics along the length of 108887.doc 1364504) may also be used in a number of processes, including movement or transport of fluid through the pipe, mixing of fluids in the pipe, tubes The volume and mass of the medium fluid are transferred into or out of the process, "the process of deposition or contamination occurs, and the process in which the pipe occurs. This application can be applied to a gas or liquid as a single phase: or as a multiphase mixture. A mixture of gases, liquids or solids. The use of this pipe can have important economic effects.
作為一實例,渴流可提供降低之㈣及經相關降低之麼 降’其在適當條件下將可降低泵費用。 此對於管線中烴之分佈可為重要的,包括原油及氣體產 生製程。舉例而言’用於國内或國外之石油製造立管及流 送管線可包括具有低振幅螺旋幾何形狀之至少一部分。該 低振幅螺旋幾何形狀改良該立管或流送管線之流:動力〆 學’由於其降低通過該流送管線或立管之流動紊流,且因 此降低壓力損失。 該流送管線或立管可為大體上垂直的、大體上水平的' 或具有-曲幾何形狀’叾包括s,或懸鏈形狀。該流送管 線或立管可為剛性或柔性的、或該兩者之任一組合。該流 送管線或立管由材料之任—組合建構,且可包括加強環。 類似地’在油开、氣井、水井或地熱井中用於井内使用 之製造菅可使用低振幅螺旋幾何形狀。井之至少一部分將 令有具 '有低振幅螺旋幾何形狀之製造管。該等優勢將包括 流動紊流之降低及壓力損失之降低。 此外,用於輸送烴之管線可使用低振幅螺旋幾何形狀, 且將付到降低之流動紊流及降低之壓力損失的優勢。當 108887.doc 1364504 w ’用於輸送其他流體之管線亦可具有一低振幅螺旋幾何 形狀且得到相同優勢’該等流體諸如飲用水、廢水及污水、 漿料、粉末、食品或飲料、或甚至任一單相或多相流體。As an example, thirst flow can provide a reduction (4) and a reduction in the associated reduction, which would reduce pump costs under appropriate conditions. This can be important for the distribution of hydrocarbons in the pipeline, including crude oil and gas generation processes. For example, a petroleum manufacturing riser and flow line for domestic or foreign use may include at least a portion having a low amplitude helical geometry. The low amplitude spiral geometry improves the flow of the riser or flow line: power ’ because it reduces flow turbulence through the flow line or riser and thus reduces pressure loss. The flow line or riser can be substantially vertical, generally horizontal 'or have a curved geometry' including s, or a catenary shape. The flow line or riser can be rigid or flexible, or any combination of the two. The flow line or riser is constructed of any combination of materials and may include a reinforcement ring. A low-amplitude spiral geometry can be used similarly in the manufacture of oil wells, gas wells, wells or geothermal wells for use in wells. At least a portion of the well will have a manufacturing tube with a low amplitude spiral geometry. These advantages will include reduced flow turbulence and reduced pressure loss. In addition, the pipeline for transporting hydrocarbons can use a low amplitude spiral geometry and will afford the benefits of reduced flow turbulence and reduced pressure loss. When 108887.doc 1364504 w 'the pipeline for conveying other fluids may also have a low amplitude spiral geometry and achieve the same advantages 'such fluids as drinking water, waste water and sewage, slurry, powder, food or beverage, or even Any single or multiphase fluid.
I 該降低之壓降尤丼有益之其他領域為用於水力發電應用 之壓頭管線及尾水管的情況中。降低之壓力損失將導致增 加之發電輸出,且甚至壓降之小降低可導致於該設備壽命 範圍内功率輸出大幅度增加。 • 降低之壓降於發電站及其他工業設備之蒸汽分佈上亦為 重要的。亦重要的為,需要將壓力維持於最低可能水平以 改良產率之化學反應操作,其包括在真空下操作之製程, 諸如藉由熱解(如上文詳細討論)製造烯烴及自乙基苯 苯乙烯。 、配管中混合在包括化學工業、食品工業、藥物工業及石 油工業之許多工業上為重要的。冑常重要的為,將少量活 性化學品均勾分佈於大量其他物質中。在—些情況中,此 稱為配料。實例可為向多種物質及食品中加入抗氧化劑及 向飲用水中加人氣或驗。由於該低振幅螺旋提供固有 好混合,因此其可降低確保濃度足以達成所要目的之所: 活性化學品量’且可確保不存在局部 B : 添加劑濃度。 接又之问(或低) 需要將兩個或兩個以上流體集合且確保其不 情況時,混合亦為重要的。使流體保持為-穩定混 有益之情卿防止非所要之相分離),混合進一= 要的。此在_油及氣體上為重要的, = I08887.doc 17 1364504 生降低管線容量且增加操作費用之塞流。甚至,石油製造 立管及流送管線、用於井内使用之製造管及料輸送煙及 其他流體t管線使用低振幅螺⑨幾何形狀之一 &主要優.勢 為塞流之降低。該改良之相混合在f線中亦為重要的,由 於其易於在該流體中保留氣體或空氣,而非使氣體或空氣 在該管之高點且可能導致氣塞。 在藉由液體輸送固體以防止該等固體沉澱出來時,混合 亦為重要的,如礦物提取製程中藉由管線輸送污水或礦 物。此沉澱之降低(及礦物及/或烴沉積之降饵)對於石油製 造立管及流送管線及用於井内使用之製造管亦為重要的。 沉澱之降低在水力發電應用中亦為重要的。此外,在石油 製造立管及流送管線及用於井内使用之製埤管中,該改良 之混合降低水回動之風險。 作為實例’用於化學配料及食品加工、化學加工、石油 加工及藥物加工—之靜態式混合器可俾用低振幅螺旋幾何形 狀。該等優勢將包括增加之交叉混合及降低之由沉澱奉沉 積引起之阻塞。此外,如上文所述,該低振幅螺旋缉何形 狀亦將提供降低之混合器壓力損失。此外,由於沿該低振 幅螺旋部分有一視線腔,且無通常發現在習知混合器中之 擋板或葉片,故清理更加容易。此等優勢將導致降低之維 護及磨損。 此外’使用低振幅螺旋幾何形狀可達成之經改良之混合 (詳言之熱混合)及經降低之壓力損失尤其有益於發電站、冷 卻冷盒、空氣分離冷盒及其類似物之熱交換器。 108887.doc -18· 1364504 低振幅螺旋配管亦可用於確保組份在反應之前完全混 合。此將確保反應進行更完全且有效利用原料。通常此將 包括將氣態或液態反應物在通過催化劑之前混合^然而, 特芩設想此可用.於將燃料與空氣在送入内燃機之前混合。 此將改良内部燃燒製程之效率且降低送至大氣中之未燃或Other areas where this reduced pressure drop is particularly beneficial are in the case of indenter lines and draft tubes for hydroelectric applications. Reduced pressure loss will result in increased power output, and even a small drop in pressure drop can result in a significant increase in power output over the life of the device. • It is also important to reduce the pressure drop in the steam distribution of power stations and other industrial equipment. Also important is the need to maintain the pressure at the lowest possible level to improve the yield of chemical reaction operations, including processes operating under vacuum, such as by pyrolysis (as discussed in detail above) to produce olefins and ethylbenzene benzene. Ethylene. Mixing in piping is important in many industries including the chemical industry, the food industry, the pharmaceutical industry, and the petroleum industry. It is often important to distribute a small amount of active chemicals in a large number of other substances. In some cases, this is called ingredient. Examples may be the addition of antioxidants to a variety of substances and foods and the addition of air to drinking water. Since the low amplitude helix provides an inherently good mixing, it can reduce the amount of active chemical that ensures a concentration sufficient to achieve the desired purpose' and ensures that no local B: additive concentration is present. Mixing (or low) Mixing is also important when it is necessary to combine two or more fluids and ensure that they are not. Keep the fluid in a stable mixture. Prevent the undesired phase separation. Mix it into the desired one. This is important on _ oil and gas, = I08887.doc 17 1364504 is a plug flow that reduces line capacity and increases operating costs. Even the use of low-amplitude snail 9 geometry in petroleum manufacturing risers and flow lines, manufacturing tubes and feedstocks for in-well use, and other fluid t-lines are preferred for plug flow reduction. This improved phase mixing is also important in the f-line because it tends to retain gas or air in the fluid rather than causing gas or air to be at the high point of the tube and may cause a gas plug. Mixing is also important when the solids are transported by the liquid to prevent the solids from precipitating, such as by the pipeline to transport sewage or minerals during the mineral extraction process. This reduction in precipitation (and demineralization of mineral and/or hydrocarbon deposits) is also important for petroleum manufacturing risers and flow lines and for manufacturing tubes for in-well use. The reduction in precipitation is also important in hydropower applications. In addition, this improved blending reduces the risk of water reversal in petroleum manufacturing risers and flow lines and in the use of wells for use in wells. As an example, static mixers for chemical compounding and food processing, chemical processing, petroleum processing, and pharmaceutical processing can employ low-amplitude spiral geometries. These advantages will include increased cross-mixing and reduced blockage caused by sedimentation. Moreover, as described above, the low amplitude helical geometry will also provide reduced mixer pressure loss. In addition, cleaning is easier because there is a line of sight along the helical portion of the low amplitude and there are no baffles or vanes commonly found in conventional mixers. These advantages will result in reduced maintenance and wear. In addition, the improved mixing (in detail thermal mixing) and the reduced pressure loss that can be achieved using low-amplitude helical geometry are particularly beneficial for heat exchangers for power stations, cooling cold boxes, air separation cold boxes and the like. . 108887.doc -18· 1364504 Low-amplitude spiral piping can also be used to ensure complete mixing of components prior to reaction. This will ensure that the reaction proceeds more completely and efficiently. Typically this will involve mixing the gaseous or liquid reactants prior to passage through the catalyst. However, it is contemplated that this can be used to mix the fuel with air prior to being fed to the internal combustion engine. This will improve the efficiency of the internal combustion process and reduce the unburned or sent to the atmosphere.
部分燃燒之燃料及細固體。此最後改良亦將降低對改良公 路運輸所用之内燃機之下游觸媒轉化器之性能的需求且因 此改良公路琿輸所用之内燃機之下游觸媒轉化器的性能。 由於該低振幅螺旋配管確保配管中螺旋(漩渦)流動且產 生較鈍速度分佈圖,因此可改良該配管内部流體速率及至 該流體或來自該流體之熱傳遞的均勻性。在常規流中,該 配管中心之流體移動比靠近該配管壁之的流動顯著快,且 因此若加熱該配管’靠近該等壁之流體將經加熱至相較於 靠近該配管中心之流體高的度數。 然而,由P渦流具有較鈍(且因此更均句)速度分佈圖,Partially burned fuel and fine solids. This final improvement will also reduce the need to improve the performance of downstream catalytic converters for internal combustion engines used in road transport and thereby improve the performance of downstream catalytic converters for internal combustion engines used in highways. Since the low-amplitude spiral pipe ensures a spiral (vortex) flow in the pipe and produces a relatively blunt velocity profile, the internal fluid velocity of the pipe and the uniformity of heat transfer to or from the fluid can be improved. In a conventional flow, the fluid movement at the center of the pipe is significantly faster than the flow near the wall of the pipe, and thus if the pipe is heated, the fluid near the walls will be heated to a higher level than the fluid near the center of the pipe. degree. However, the P vortex has a blunt (and therefore more uniform) velocity profile,
因此該流體部分將較不可能為過熱或欠熱,從而導致非所 要效果。該低振幅螺旋配管使得相同熱量以較小差別之溫 度在該配管内部與外部之間傳遞。 當向流體t加入一組份且以苴锸 . 77且以某種方式處理時(例如加 ,,,、),此可為尤其有益的。若 右不良此合,則快迷運行之該混 合物之部分將處理不足,且 _ 綾又運仃之该混合物之部分將 處理過度,然而,获士 # , 該低振幅螺旋幾何形狀提供之良好 混合:此可避免’且達成更均-之處理。 此通常對於諸如石油釗絲减 '"解爐之爐、用於精煉廠熱裂化裝 I08887.doc -19- 1364504 置之預熱爐或減黏裂化爐、石油工廠之輸送管交換器、發 電站之熱交換器、用於工業冷卻單元之冷盒、用於空氣分 離單元之冷盒及冷卻單元通常可為重要之經濟效益。 該鈍,速度分部圖在水力發電應用中亦為有益的。當該速 度分佈圖㈣相輪機易於工作良好,且因此在水利發電 應中該低振幅蟫旋部分之使用可以此方式改良效率。水 利發電應用之情況中渴流之其他優勢包括降低之空餘及降 低之配管應力。 此外,由低振幅螺旋配管產生之渦流之"活塞"態樣可為 彼等發生於配管中之製程提供重要經濟效益,該等製程為 細粒或其螂固體粒子在該配管内壁之沉積產生熱傳遞之障 壁,或污染流經其之流释,或降低流經該配管之流體。該 等細粒或其他固體粒子可存在於該流體中,或可藉由該= 體組份間之化學反應而生成。Therefore, the fluid portion will be less likely to be overheated or underheated, resulting in undesirable effects. The low amplitude spiral pipe allows the same heat to be transferred between the inside and the outside of the pipe with a small difference in temperature. This may be particularly beneficial when a portion of the fluid t is added to the fluid and is treated in a manner (e.g., plus, ,, ). If the right side is not suitable, then the part of the mixture that is running fast will be under-processed, and the part of the mixture that is transported by _ 将 will be over-processed, however, the low-amplitude spiral geometry provides a good mix. : This avoids the 'and achieves a more even-processing. This is usually used for furnaces such as oil 减 减 '" furnaces, for preheating furnaces or visbreakers for refinery thermal cracking equipment I08887.doc -19-1364504, for the power plant, for power generation Station heat exchangers, cold boxes for industrial cooling units, cold boxes for air separation units and cooling units are often important economic benefits. This blunt, speed fractional map is also beneficial in hydroelectric applications. When the velocity profile (4) phase turbine is easy to work well, and thus the use of the low amplitude cyclone portion in hydroelectric power generation can improve efficiency in this manner. Other advantages of thirsty flow in hydropower applications include reduced vacancies and reduced piping stress. In addition, the "piston" aspect of eddy currents produced by low-amplitude spiral piping can provide significant economic benefits to the processes occurring in the piping, which are the deposition of fine particles or their solid particles on the inner wall of the piping. A barrier that creates heat transfer, or a flow through which the pollution flows, or reduces the flow of fluid through the conduit. The fine particles or other solid particles may be present in the fluid or may be formed by a chemical reaction between the constituents.
期望低振幅螺旋配管之使用顯著降低沉積於該配管内壁 上之固體’因此延長其清理前之工作壽命,降低必需熱量, 且與經污染之配管相比降低壓降。其中此效果可為經濟上 重要之實例為固體在液體管線中之輸送,且亦為藉由上文 詳述之熱解生產乙烯。-類似效果在其他諸如用於精煉廢 製程之預熱爐之爐中出現。 此外,該鈍速度分佈圖及該"活塞"態樣在分批加工之情 況中極為有、用,其在藥物加工及食品加工中為普通的。由 於該鈍速度分佈圖,因此可降低批次之鉀向分散,且達成 峰濃度較習知之配置容易得多。若該批次尺寸小,則此等 108887.doc •20· 1364504 特徵尤其有益。此外,該"活塞流"有助於繼轉到第二組份 自該#配管壁上移除第一組分之微量,其有助於降低分批 加工中污染之機會。洗滌該系·統所需時間連同執行該清洗 所需流體量一起可至少經降低。 在化學反應發生於配管或管之情況中,使用低振幅螺旋 配管‘亦可具有實質.性經濟意義。經改良之混合與更均—熱 傳遞之組合將改良產率且促進反應完全(包括.燃燒)β改良 ^ 產率亦將降低下游分離費用。其中此將為重要之實例製程 包括·乙烯製造及類似之氣相反應,諸如甲苯裂解生成苯及 丁烯-1轉化為丁二烯。在該等反應包括各原料分子生成一 個以上產物分子之情況中,反應器中較低壓降及其可藉由 使用.低振幅螺旋配管達成之下游管道工程自該較低平均壓 力提供其他優勢’由於其將降低產物分干重組以形成原料 或其他非'所要副產物之可能性。此外,在用於化學應用、 石油化學辱用.及藥物應用之反應器中使甩低振幅螺旋幾何 • 形狀,可,致反應器管中,降低之沉積,其在石油化學工業 上尤其重要。 s玄經改良之混合及更均一熱傳遞將在無大量過量1空氣之 情況中(超過反應化學計量所需,之量)亦促進燃燒反應完 全。此對於焚化爐或廢物處理爐尤其重要,其中需要確保 兀全燃燒以防止對環境及人類健康有害之化學品异/粒子 進入大氣f。藉由使燃燒氣體在其流入冬氣前趁熱流經形 成為低振幅螺旋之配管部分可防止此且確保燃燒完全。產 生通過該爐之渦流將增加燃燒及移除廢物之速率及效率’。 108887.doc 1364504 當該低振幅螺旋部分與包括兩個或兩個以上不同相之流 體使用時,其可另外用於•,管線内"分離具有不同密度之流 體混合物。由該螺旋流產生之渦流由於離心效應,易於使 該混合物較南密,度組份向該等管壁移動且使較低密度組份 .向該中心線移動。藉助於適當配置,可將較高(或較低)密度 組份排除,留下以绰增加之濃度存在之剩餘組份。使用其 他類似管線内靜態分離器可重複該製程。此分離可用於自 φ 液體+移除氣體,且因此可用於幫助降低尤其石油化學工 業中之氣塞。 一類似於此之方法可用於增加或減少流動流體中粒子濃 度。此將藉由將流體自鄰近該管中心線或自靠近該等管壁 疼排除達成。 此外,由低振幅,螺旋部分導致之渦流可用於將顆粒物質 自流體移除。此在例如進氣口中尤其重要。進氣ρ用於需 要空氣之很多情況中,且詳言之需要空氣以燃燒及/或冷卻 • t載具。直升機料σ尤筹通常需要塵埃分離、器以防止塵 埃到達引擎,而由該低振-幅螺旋幾何形狀產生之渦流可用 於自該氣流中分離該塵埃而不需分離過遽器。 此外’已發現由低振幅螺旋部分導致之渦流在該部分之 一直配管、下游延續一段距離。因此低振幅螺旋醉管之一部 分可插入諸如f頭、τ-或γ·接合頭、歧管及/或導管截面變 化處之結構的上游,其中由該低振幅螺旋部分產生之渦宁 將抑制流體分離、停滯·、流體不穩定性,有益於系費:: 管中腐钱及磨損.。渦流在該靑頭,、接合頭或其類似物之特 108887.doc •22· 1364504 定優勢將為降低之流體分離,導致降低之壓力損失、降低 之沉積及沉澱、降低之空蝕及增加之流體穩定性。定位於 彎頭前之低振幅螺旋幾何形狀配管亦將降低配管彎頭中顆 粒沖蝕,其對於發電站燃料供應而言尤其有益。 因此對熟習此項技術者而言,顯然具有一低振幅螺旋幾 何形狀之配管在很多情況中可提供許多優勢。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1為一現有技術裂解爐之一示意性戴面圖; 圖2為一根據本發明之第一實施例之裂解爐的一示意性 截面圖; 圖3為一具有低振幅螺旋幾何形狀之管之長度的圖; 圖4為一使用低振幅螺旋幾何形狀之一組熱解管之圖;且 圖5a及5b為使用低振幅螺旋幾何形狀之代替性配置之裂 解爐的示意性截面圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 10 裂解爐 12 燃燒器 14 煙囪 30 熱解管 40 入口部分 42 出口部分 44 "U"彎頭部分 46 短部分直管 48 "U"彎頭部分 108887.doc •23. 1364504 50 三維彎曲部分 52 "U"彎頭部分 54 短部分直管 100 管 120 封閉區 130 中心縱軸 140 中心線It is desirable that the use of low amplitude spiral piping significantly reduces the solids deposited on the inner wall of the piping' thus extending its pre-cleaning operating life, reducing the amount of heat required, and reducing the pressure drop compared to contaminated piping. An effect of this may be an economically important example of the transport of solids in a liquid line, and also the production of ethylene by pyrolysis as detailed above. - Similar effects occur in other furnaces such as preheating furnaces for refining waste processes. In addition, the blunt velocity profile and the "piston" aspect are extremely useful in batch processing, and are common in pharmaceutical processing and food processing. Due to the blunt velocity profile, the potassium dispersion of the batch can be reduced, and peak concentrations are much easier to achieve than conventional configurations. These 108887.doc •20· 1364504 features are particularly beneficial if the batch size is small. In addition, the "Piston Flow" facilitates the removal of traces of the first component from the #-pipe wall following the second component, which helps to reduce the chance of contamination in batch processing. The time required to wash the system, along with the amount of fluid required to perform the cleaning, can be at least reduced. In the case where a chemical reaction occurs in a pipe or tube, the use of a low-amplitude spiral pipe can also have substantial economic significance. The combination of improved mixing and more uniform heat transfer will improve yield and promote complete (including combustion) beta improvement. Yield will also reduce downstream separation costs. This will be an important example process including ethylene production and similar gas phase reactions such as toluene cracking to benzene and butene-1 to butadiene. In the case where the reactions include the formation of more than one product molecule by each of the feedstock molecules, the lower pressure drop in the reactor and its downstream piping engineering by using low-amplitude spiral piping provide other advantages from this lower average pressure' This will reduce the likelihood of product reconstitution to form a feedstock or other non-desired by-product. In addition, it is particularly important in the petrochemical industry to make low-amplitude helical geometry in reactors for chemical applications, petrochemical abuse, and pharmaceutical applications, which can, in reactor tubes, reduce deposition. The mixing of the sacred menstruation and the more uniform heat transfer will also promote the complete combustion reaction in the absence of a large excess of air (the amount required for reaction stoichiometry). This is especially important for incinerators or waste treatment furnaces where it is necessary to ensure that the entire combustion is carried out to prevent chemical/particles that are harmful to the environment and human health from entering the atmosphere. This is ensured by ensuring that the combustion gas flows through the piping portion formed into the low-amplitude spiral before it flows into the winter air. Producing vortices through the furnace will increase the rate and efficiency of combustion and waste removal. 108887.doc 1364504 When the low amplitude helical portion is used with a fluid comprising two or more different phases, it can additionally be used to " separate < separate fluid mixtures having different densities. The eddy current generated by the spiral flow tends to make the mixture relatively dense due to the centrifugal effect, and the tributary component moves toward the pipe walls and moves the lower density component toward the center line. With a suitable configuration, the higher (or lower) density components can be excluded leaving the remaining components present in increasing concentrations. This process can be repeated using other in-line static separators. This separation can be used to remove gas from φ liquid + and can therefore be used to help reduce gas plugs, especially in the petrochemical industry. A method similar to this can be used to increase or decrease the concentration of particles in the flowing fluid. This will be achieved by removing fluid from adjacent to the tube centerline or from near the tube wall. In addition, eddy currents caused by low amplitude, helical portions can be used to remove particulate matter from the fluid. This is especially important in, for example, air intakes. The intake ρ is used in many situations where air is required, and in particular requires air to burn and/or cool the vehicle. Helicopter sigma usually requires dust separation to prevent dust from reaching the engine, and the vortex generated by the low-vibration spiral geometry can be used to separate the dust from the gas stream without separating the damper. Furthermore, it has been found that the eddy current caused by the low-amplitude helical portion continues to be piped and downstream for a distance in the portion. Thus, a portion of the low-amplitude auger tube can be inserted upstream of a structure such as a f-head, a τ- or γ-joint head, a manifold, and/or a change in cross-section of the conduit, wherein the vortex produced by the low-amplitude helical portion will inhibit fluid Separation, stagnation, fluid instability, benefiting the cost:: Corruption and wear in the tube. The vortex in the boring head, the joint head or the like is characterized by a reduced fluid separation, resulting in reduced pressure loss, reduced deposition and precipitation, reduced cavitation and increased Fluid stability. The low-amplitude spiral geometry piping located in front of the elbow will also reduce particle erosion in the pipe elbow, which is especially beneficial for power plant fuel supplies. Thus, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that piping having a low amplitude helical geometry can provide a number of advantages in many situations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a prior art cracking furnace; FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cracking furnace according to a first embodiment of the present invention; Figure for the length of a tube of amplitude spiral geometry; Figure 4 is a diagram of a set of pyrolysis tubes using a low amplitude spiral geometry; and Figures 5a and 5b are crackers of an alternative configuration using a low amplitude spiral geometry Schematic cross-section. [Main component symbol description] 10 Cracking furnace 12 Burner 14 Chimney 30 Pyrolysis tube 40 Inlet part 42 Outlet part 44 "U" Elbow part 46 Short part straight pipe 48 "U" Elbow part 108887.doc •23 1364504 50 three-dimensional curved part 52 "U" elbow part 54 short part straight pipe 100 pipe 120 closed zone 130 central longitudinal axis 140 center line
108887.doc108887.doc
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TW95108415A TWI364504B (en) | 2006-03-13 | 2006-03-13 | Piping |
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TW95108415A TWI364504B (en) | 2006-03-13 | 2006-03-13 | Piping |
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