1361860 【實施方式】 於以下’關於本發明之風力發電裝置及其之控制方法 之一實施型態，參閱圖面來說明之。 圖1，係表示有關本實施型態的風力發電裝置之全體 • 構成之方塊圖。風力發電裝置1，係如圖1所示般地，具 - 有支柱2、和設置在支柱2的上端之短艙3、和設於短艙3 ® 且可以迴轉在略水平的軸線周圍之轉子頭4。於轉子頭4 ’在該迴轉軸線周圍放射狀地安裝有3片風車翼片5。由 此，從轉子頭4的迴轉軸線方向上碰觸到風車翼片5的風 - 之力，被變換成使轉子頭4迴轉在迴轉軸線周圍的動力； • 該動力爲藉由收容在短艙3內的發電機來變換成電能。 又’於短艙3，設有風速風向計（圖示省略）。風速 風向計’係測定風速與風向。短艙3，係對應藉由風速風 向計所測定出的風速與風向來迴旋。 ® 圖2，係表示發電機6及其周邊的構成之一例之方塊 圖。於本實施型態，發電機（感應電機）6，係以發電機6 所產生的電力可以從定子繞線及轉子繞線之兩方書出道電 力系統13的方式來構成。具體而言，發電機6，係該定子 繞線連接到電力系統13，轉子繞線爲介隔著 AC-DC-AC 轉換器1 7連接到電力系統1 3。 入(：-〇0：-八(：轉換器17，係事先由轉換器14、〇(：匯流 排1 5、以及換流器1 6來構成，把從轉子繞線所接受的交 流電力變換成適合電力系統13的頻率之交流電力。轉換 -9- 1361860 器14，係把產生在轉子繞線之交流電力變換成直流電力， 把該直流電力輸出到DC匯流排1 5。換流器1 6，係把從 DC匯流排15所接受的直流電力變換成與電力系統13同 一的頻率之交流電力，輸出該交流電力。 AC-DC-AC轉換器17，係也具有把從電力系統13所 接受的交流電力變換成適合轉子繞線的頻率之交流電力的 功能，藉由風力發電裝置1之運轉的狀況也使用用來激勵 轉子繞線。該情況下，換流器16，係把交流電力變換成直 流電力，把該直流電力輸出到DC匯流排1 5。轉換器1 4， 係把從DC匯流排15所接受的直流電力變換成適合於轉子 繞線的頻率之交流電力，把該交流電力供給到發電機5的 轉子繞線。 又，於轉子繞線，連接有用於轉換器14的過電流保 護之急遽斷路電路27。急遽斷路電路27，係流動在轉子 繞線的電流或者是DC匯流排15的電壓超過既定的閾値之 情況下進行作動，使轉子繞線透過組抗來短路。由此，使 轉子繞線的電流衰減，過電流不會流動到轉換器14。尙且 ，不透過組抗使其直接短路也是可以的。 又’於把發電機5連接到電力系統13之電力線方面 ，設有計測發電機5的輸出電壓V與輸出電流I之電壓/ 電流感測器（圖示省略）。該電壓/電流感測器的計測値 ，係賦予到電力控制部2 1。1361860 [Embodiment] The following description of one embodiment of a wind turbine generator and a control method therefor according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a wind power generator of the present embodiment. The wind power generator 1, as shown in Fig. 1, has a strut 2, a nacelle 3 disposed at the upper end of the strut 2, and a rotor disposed in the nacelle 3® and rotatable about a slightly horizontal axis Head 4. Three windmill blades 5 are radially mounted around the axis of rotation of the rotor head 4'. Thereby, the force of the wind that hits the windmill blade 5 from the direction of the rotation axis of the rotor head 4 is converted into the power that causes the rotor head 4 to rotate around the rotation axis; • the power is received in the nacelle The generator in 3 is converted into electrical energy. Further, in the nacelle 3, a wind speed and direction meter (not shown) is provided. Wind speed Wind direction meter measures wind speed and wind direction. The nacelle 3 corresponds to the wind speed and the wind direction measured by the wind speed and direction meter. ® Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the generator 6 and its surroundings. In the present embodiment, the generator (induction motor) 6 is constructed such that the electric power generated by the generator 6 can be derived from the stator winding power system 13 of the stator winding and the rotor winding. Specifically, the generator 6 is connected to the power system 13 by a winding of the stator, and the rotor winding is connected to the power system 13 via an AC-DC-AC converter 17. In (: - 〇 0: - 八 (: converter 17, which is composed of converter 14, 〇 (: bus bar 15 and inverter 16 in advance, converts the AC power received from the rotor winding) The AC power is converted to the frequency of the power system 13. The converter 9- 1361860 14 converts the AC power generated in the rotor winding into DC power, and outputs the DC power to the DC busbar 15. The inverter 1 6. The DC power received from the DC busbar 15 is converted into AC power of the same frequency as the power system 13, and the AC power is output. The AC-DC-AC converter 17 also has the slave power system 13. The received AC power is converted into an AC power suitable for the frequency of the rotor winding, and the state of operation of the wind power generator 1 is also used to excite the rotor winding. In this case, the inverter 16 is an AC power source. The DC power is converted into DC power, and the DC power is output to the DC bus 15. The converter 14 converts the DC power received from the DC bus 15 into AC power suitable for the frequency of the rotor winding, and the AC is exchanged. Power is supplied to the generator 5 Further, a rotor breaking circuit 27 for overcurrent protection of the converter 14 is connected to the rotor winding. The sudden breaking circuit 27 is a current flowing through the rotor winding or the voltage of the DC busbar 15 exceeds a predetermined value. In the case of the threshold 値, the rotor winding is short-circuited by the group resistance. Thereby, the current of the rotor winding is attenuated, and the overcurrent does not flow to the converter 14. Moreover, the group is directly short-circuited without the group resistance. It is also possible to provide a voltage/current sensor (not shown) for measuring the output voltage V of the generator 5 and the output current I in connection with the power line connecting the generator 5 to the power system 13. The measurement of the current sensor is given to the power control unit 21.
電力控制部21，係爲了能夠針對應答於有效電力指令 P*、無效電力指令Q*後輸出的有效電力P與無效電力Q -10- 1361860.The power control unit 21 is configured to be capable of outputting the effective power P and the reactive power Q -10- 1361860 in response to the effective power command P* and the invalid power command Q*.
來進行控制，控制轉換器1 4的功率電晶體之開關。具體 而言，電力控制部2 1，係從藉由電壓/電流感測器所測定 出的輸出電壓V與輸出電流I，來算出有效電力P與無效 電力Q。更進一步，電力控制部21，係生成把有效電力P 與有效電力指令P*的差、以及無效電力Q與無效電力指 令Q*的差當作零般的PWM訊號，把已生成的PWM訊號To control, the switch of the power transistor of the converter 14 is controlled. Specifically, the power control unit 21 calculates the effective power P and the reactive power Q from the output voltage V and the output current I measured by the voltage/current sensor. Further, the power control unit 21 generates a PWM signal in which the difference between the effective power P and the effective power command P* and the difference between the invalid power Q and the invalid power command Q* is regarded as zero, and the generated PWM signal is generated.
供給到轉換器14。由此，來控制有效電力P與無效電力Q 〇 電力控制部2 1，係事先監視發電機轉子電流以及DC 連結電壓，這些値超過預先設定好的電流閾値、電壓閾値 時，使急遽斷路電路27作動的同時，把轉換器14以及換 流器1 6的切換切換成關（OFF )。該控制，係一般所進行 的控制。 如此，針應系統電壓的舉動，不是使急遽斷路電路27 等進行作動，利用上述發電機轉子電流以及DC連結電壓 的舉動來切換控制內容的緣故，是沒有必要爲了檢知系統 電壓下降，而去追加新的功能、或是設定新的判斷基準。 葉片控制部22，係應答於傾斜指令/3 *，來控制風車 翼片5的傾斜角/3。具體而言，葉片控制部22，係以使風 車翼片5的傾斜角/3 —致於傾斜指令的方式來進行控 制。 接著，有關於與系統電壓已下降的情況之本實施型態 相關的風力發電裝置之控制方法，參閱圖3說明之。 首先，於系統側發生事故等，系統電壓下降的話，發 -11 - 1361860. ’係接受急遽斷路電路27的作動停止的話，讓風車翼片 的傾斜角控制回到通常模式（步驟SA6 )。亦即，葉片控 制部22’係以與根據風速、發電機6的迴轉速、以及要求 輸出之至少其中任一個所決定出的目標傾斜角一致的方式 ，來控制風車翼片的傾斜角。 - 如此，若於有關本實施型態的風力發電裝置及其之控 . 制方法中，在停止轉換器14以及換流器16的期間，因爲 ® 是以使發電機的迴轉速成爲同步迴轉速的方式來控制風車 翼片的傾斜角的緣故，系統電壓復歸，可以讓轉換器14 以及換流器16開始驅動後之發電機6的滑動爲零或者是 - 近似於零的値。 . 由此，可以抑制於系統電壓的回復時所過渡性發生的. 轉矩的增加，使得可以迴避因轉矩增加而對機器的影響。 特別是，可以迴避因轉矩上升而導致對增速機（Step-up gear)的齒輪之影響。 ® 尙且，在上述實施型態，使轉換器14以及換流器16 的作動停止，且，急遽斷路電路27已作動的情況下，切 換了風車翼片的傾斜角控制，但是，替代這些的方案，例 如，是否使轉換器14以及換流器16的作動停止，或者是 ，急遽斷路電路27已作動的情況下，以使發電機6的迴 轉速成爲同步迴轉速或者是同步迴轉速以上的方式來控制 風車翼片的傾斜角也是可以的。 又，使急遽斷路電路作動的條件’與使轉換器14以 及換流器1 6的作動停止的條件相異也是可以的。 -13- 1361860 【圖式簡單說明】 〔圖1〕表示有關本發明之—實施型態的風力發電裝 置之全體構成之方塊圖。 〔圖2〕表示發電機及其周邊的構成之一例之方塊圖 〇 〔圖2〕說明有關本發明之一實施型態的風力發電裝 置的控制之流程。 〔圖4〕表示針對感應電機的滑動之轉矩以及電流之 關係的圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 :風力發電裝置 3 :短艙（nacelle ) 5 :風車翼片 6 :發電機 13 :電力系統 14:轉換器（converter) 15 : DC匯流排 1 6 :換流器（inverter ) 1 7 : AC-DC-AC 變壓器 2 1 :電力控制部 22 :葉片控制部 27 :急遽斷路電路（crowbar circuit) -14-It is supplied to the converter 14. Thereby, the effective power P and the reactive power Q 〇 power control unit 2 1 monitor the generator rotor current and the DC connection voltage in advance, and when these 値 exceed the preset current threshold 电压 and voltage threshold ,, the emergency circuit breaker 27 is caused. At the same time as the actuation, the switching of the converter 14 and the inverter 16 is switched to OFF. This control is generally controlled. In this way, the action of the system voltage is not to cause the sudden circuit breaker 27 or the like to operate, and the control content is switched by the behavior of the generator rotor current and the DC link voltage, and it is not necessary to detect the system voltage drop. Add new features or set new benchmarks. The blade control unit 22 controls the inclination angle /3 of the windmill blade 5 in response to the tilt command /3*. Specifically, the blade control unit 22 controls the inclination angle of the wind turbine blade 5/3 so as to be inclined. Next, a control method of the wind power generator relating to the present embodiment in which the system voltage has dropped will be described with reference to Fig. 3 . First, if an accident occurs in the system side, and the system voltage drops, the operation of the sudden breaking circuit 27 is stopped, and the inclination angle of the wind turbine blade is controlled to return to the normal mode (step SA6). That is, the blade control unit 22' controls the inclination angle of the windmill blade so as to match the target inclination angle determined based on at least one of the wind speed, the rotational speed of the generator 6, and the required output. - In the case of the wind power generator of the present embodiment and the control method thereof, during the stop of the converter 14 and the inverter 16, because the speed of the generator is synchronized to the rotational speed By controlling the tilt angle of the windmill blades, the system voltage resets to allow the converter 14 and the inverter 6 to start driving the generator 6 to slide zero or - approximately zero. Thereby, it is possible to suppress the transient occurrence of the transition in the recovery of the system voltage, so that the influence on the machine due to the increase in torque can be avoided. In particular, it is possible to avoid the influence of the gear of the step-up gear due to the rise in torque. In the above embodiment, the operation of the converter 14 and the inverter 16 is stopped, and when the sudden breaking circuit 27 is activated, the inclination angle control of the windmill blade is switched, but instead of these For example, whether or not the operation of the converter 14 and the inverter 16 is stopped, or when the rapid circuit breaker 27 is activated, the return speed of the generator 6 is set to be synchronous return speed or synchronous return speed or higher. It is also possible to control the tilt angle of the windmill fins. Further, it is also possible to make the condition "the operation of the sudden breaking circuit" different from the condition for stopping the operation of the converter 14 and the inverter 16. -13- 1361860 [Brief Description of the Drawings] Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a wind power generating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of a generator and its surroundings. Fig. 2 is a flow chart showing the control of a wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a view showing the relationship between the torque and the current of the sliding of the induction motor. [Main component symbol description] 1 : Wind power generation device 3 : nacelle 5 : windmill blade 6 : generator 13 : power system 14 : converter (converter ) 15 : DC bus bar 1 6 : converter ( Inverter 1 7 : AC-DC-AC transformer 2 1 : power control unit 22 : blade control unit 27 : crowbar circuit -14-