1354420 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於避雷系統，尤其是有關於一種監測避雷 系統的洩漏路徑是否正常接地的即時監測裝置與系統。 【先前技術】 為避免雷擊的破壞與傷害，建築物、橋樑、甚至船隻 一般都有裝設避雷系統（lighting protection system )。如第 1圖之示意圖所示，多數的避雷系統包含一或多支的金屬避 雷針（lighting rod 或 lighting conductor) 10、一或多條導 線20、以及一或多支的接地樁3〇(或其他類似接地設施）。 避雷針10 —般是設置於建築物（以虛線表示）高處（例如 屋7貝）’當有多支避雷針10時，這些避雷針丨〇多會電氣連 結成一網路。接地樁30 —般是深埋入大地，當有多支接地 每30時，這些接地樁3〇也多會電氣連結成一網路。避雷 奸1()(或避雷針10的網路）和接地樁30 (接地樁30的網 略）之間’以一或多條導線20電氣連接起來。藉由這樣的 所提供 的一或多條導電路徑，雷擊時的大量電力的釋 ^ 杆以經甴這些導電路徑洩漏到大地，而避免了建築>勿 X雷搫破壞。 、 從以上敘述可知，避雷系統能否提供防護功能端在於 避雷針10與大地之間的洩漏路徑是否確實存在與正常導 通 。隹是不難想像的，由於導線20的斷裂、或是接地樁30 6 1354420 的銹蝕的各種原因，都可能造成洩漏路徑的斷路。可是， 要檢測避雷系統是否正常卻是一件非常不容易.的事。傳統 上是以人為的方式定期檢測，但是二次檢查之間的「空窗」 期間所發生的避雷系統的故障，就可能因欠缺防護功能而 導致重大損害。此外，每一次的檢測也都相當費時費力。 例如傳統上對於接地樁30是否提供了良好的接地，通常是 採用所謂的三點測量法，這種測量法需要額外打入二根接 地樁，因此極為不方便。此外，要確定導線20是導通時， 由於二端相隔甚遠（例如一在屋頂、一在地下室），所以也 不容易進行。尤有甚者，有些大地接地的設施會呈現所謂 「假接地」的狀態，亦即在以小電流檢測時，似乎呈現正 常導通的狀態，但其實卻無法消化像雷擊這樣大量的電 流。也就是基於這些原因，雖然避雷系統已經廣泛設置， 但是因雷擊而造成的損害仍然時有所聞。 【發明内容】 因此，本發明提出一種可以即時監測避雷系統的各個 洩漏路徑是否正常接地的裝置與系統，以簡單但有效率的 方式確保避雷系統的防護功能。 本避雷接地即時監測系統包含一或多個監測裝置、一 個主控裝置、以及一個輔助接地。避雷系統的每一個避雷 針的洩漏路徑是由一個監測裝置來監測的。每個監測裝置 是藉由量測從監測裝置、經由導線到避雷針、從避雷針洩 7 1354420 漏路徑到大地、再由大地經輔助接地回到監測裝置的迴路 電阻來判斷洩漏路徑是否正常。在本發明的一個實施例 中，監測裝置包含有一個電力單元以提供監測裝置所有元 件運作所需的電力、一個串聯於前述迴路以進行量測的量 測單元、以及一個無線傳輸單元，以將其監測的結果經由 無線傳輸的方式傳送給主控裝置。 兹配合所附圖示、實施例之詳細說明及申請專利範 圍，將上述及本發明之其他目的與優點詳述於後。然而， 當可了解所附圖示純係為解說本發明之精神而設，不當視 為本發明範疇之定義。有關本發明範疇之定義，請參照所 附之申請專利範圍。 【實施方式】 第2圖所示係依據本發明之避雷接地即時監測系統之 示意圖。如圖所示，本避雷接地即時監測系統包含一或多 個監測裝置、一個主控裝置、以及一個辅助接地。 每一個監測裝置100係以導線101和一個避雷針10構 成電氣連接。為了避免導線101本身的故障造成誤判，所 以導線101是愈短愈好，也因此每一個監測裝置100基本 上都非常接近其所監測的避雷針10。每一個監測裝置100 另外也都和一個輔助接地，例如一個獨立於接地樁30網路 之外的接地樁300連接。請注意到，每一個監測裝置100 8 1354420 線1〇2直接與輔助接地連接，或者多 個皿測裝置100的導線1〇2先 到辅助接地3〇〇。 _在—起錢再1連接 母個避雷針10的冷漏格彳| g , 監測的，而其於、_斟m疋由—個監測裳置100來 的、包含料ΓΛ μ上料連接方式所形成 趣路是從監測裝置議、經由中所-的迴路。這個 2。、接地樁3。、然後進入大地雷針 導線咖、由接地格細、 接地樁3〇所構成的賴路徑是正/時避:心、導線2〇、 有〜適當的電阻值。反之，告 、述的迴路應該具 30所構成的士/避雷針1〇、導線20、接地樁 吓偁戚的洩漏路徑之中有斷 上逃的迴路就會且有—里常的他不正常的地方時， 藉由上述迴路的電阻值來㈣值。監卿、置100就是 30所構成的： 避雷針1〇、導線20、接地樁 示。成的^祕妓否正常，然後依此衫是否發出警 :然，如果有問題的是接地樁、或是導線102，監 地出 —樣會偵測到異常的電阻值，所以如果辅助接 ，雖然㈣路妓正常的，但因為監測裝 所種情形下基本上已經喪失了正常的監測功能， 音義^請求維修人員的處理，這種「誤判」還是有 第h圖所錢依據本發明-實施例之避雷接地即時監 9 包：：之f測裝置之功能方塊圖。如圖所示’監測裝置100 作力單元110以提供監測裝置_所有元件運 ==;?力單元110可以包含-或多個電池(用 例池，可充電電池均可)。在本發明的另-實施 太陽二含一或多個可充電電池以及-個轉換 陽日昭儘量^充t板（SGlar panel)，以利用白天之太 測裝請狀態下，以延長監 明所屬技術領域的實施細節對本發 予以省略。士而&應屬通常知識，本說明書因此 監測裝置100的導線101、102係連接於一量測單元 120。量測單元120是於卿③1ΛΛ ^ 、里測早疋 之-就是透過導線^裝置1GG的核心’它的主要功能 ^-P1I. _''' 102量測前述迴路的電阻值。如圖 二r早20内部包含―個直流轉 個’忙大電路上22、以及一個處理器電路⑵。直流 流電路m、t運算放大電路122是串聯在導線ΗΠ、m ^ 間以形成刖述題路的一部份。為 路123是依主控裝置2。〇的觸發、或 = 直流轉交流電路121，心一 膝的啟動 換為交流的電壓^ ^早7"^所提供的直流電力轉 的迴路上。隨將此交㈣電㈣流施加於前述 迴路上的電流運算放大電路122則拾取 轉換為對應電阻值的電氣訊號，再經 1354420 所包含之—或多個玫 、内建的參考心且比 運算放大電路122至少包人 路電阻值大於此上限參考電：上隈參考電随，“ 屬路役可能處於斷路或接觸不良，且的電阻值：重 電乳訊號會傳送給處理器電路123情形），-個代表^ J 阻值小於此上限參考電阻的電：之，當量測的 :訊=大送给處理器電路123 表正常= 運π放大電路122還進一水本發明的另一實於ο 量::迴路電陌值如果大於上個下限參考電：： 限參考電阻的值時（代ς考電阻，或是小於 路）’處理器電路]μ Λ^爲路徑可沪右又τ& 下 电峪123都會接收 丁月匕有不正常的短 之，只有1剩的趣路電阻 表異常的電氣訊號。反 於此下限參考電阻時，處理上限參考電阻、且大 常的電氣訊號。請注意到，上^ 3才會接收到代表正 阻可以是Μ的電版、或是:考電限以及下限參考電 調整的可變電阻。 監測裝置_可以是採單機方 控裝置細的聯網使用。採 ^運作、或是需要和主 有一個和處理器電 運作的監測裝置100包含 施方式下，顯示單U3〇 在最簡單實 如發光二極體）、武a — ^ 3 一個雙色的燈號（例 ^ -一個不同声貿岛广 號、以及驅動開關燈號明暗的相二(例如紅綠二色）的燈 關電路。以雙燈號為例， 1354420 在監測裝置100正常運作時，綠色燈號 週期閃爍）的，當處理_123收_^亮=是 它會點亮(或閃燦)紅色的燈號。所以從目；：二 某一個避雷針Π)是否具有正常的茂漏路獲。假設^雷針^ 的Λ漏路徑不正常，從第2圖可以 田’’ 的電力非常可能從導線un、監測裝置 1擊時’大量 及接地捲™地。這時監測装置丨^^^ ，就可以判= 裝置〇疋否還在正吊運作。從這個例子也可 龄 測裝置⑽基本上會是—個消耗品，所以其實施丄以合ς 二用最:單、低成本的實施方式。例如處理器電路曰123 h採用的就是最簡單的單晶片微控制器 請注意到，採聯網使用的監縣置⑽ 基本上可以不具有顯示單（因為避雷針⑺显常斑否 是由主控裝置來呈現），但在某些實施例裡，採聯網使 用的監測裝置⑽也可以同樣具有顯示單元13〇，以便同時 k供目視的檢查功能。在這種情形下，顯示單元⑽可以 只包含-個單色燈號來顯示監測裝置⑽是否正常 至於避雷針10異常與否，則統—由主控裝置來呈現。 第所㈣依據本㈣另—實_之避雷接地即時 “糸、統之監測裝置之功能方塊圖。如圖所示，採聯網使 用的I貝B置1〇〇包含有一個和處理器電路123連接的益 線傳輸單元刚。監測裝置㈣和主控裝置細之間是敍 12 1354420 線 接，在而前述的=時傳力仙就在於如果採有線連 和主控裝置-之間的有線 壞（甚至於沿著主控裝置2 4 :裝置_ -併打 大損害）。由於監測裝置⑽·、心…竄進建築物造成更 的成本必需控制在一定範圍内，戶斤以 ▲測裝置100 裝置200之間的通吨方弋3 现，、裝置100和主控 艰W方式疋採適當的短距 制，舉凡超音波、紅外線、 “、、線通訊機 、 於公開頻段的無線電波都 疋了此抹用的手#又。所採用的 故苟 是專屬的。 通訊協疋也可以是標準的或 監測裝置1 〇〇和主和j梦署 G之間的互動有三種實施 方式。第一種貫施方式是由監測裴置A 主控裝置細雖然名為「奸裝甘置―1GGm動的角色、 為主控」、其貫是扮演被動接收的角 色。在攻種方式下，監測U _的處理器電路123是週1354420 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to lightning protection systems, and more particularly to an instant monitoring device and system for monitoring whether a leakage path of a lightning protection system is normally grounded. [Prior Art] In order to avoid damage and damage from lightning strikes, buildings, bridges, and even ships are generally equipped with a lightning protection system. As shown in the schematic of Figure 1, most lightning protection systems include one or more metal lightning rods or lighting conductors 10, one or more conductors 20, and one or more grounding piles 3 (or other Similar to grounding facilities). The lightning rod 10 is generally placed in a building (shown in phantom) at a height (for example, a house 7). When there are multiple lightning rods 10, these lightning rods are electrically connected into a network. The grounding pile 30 is generally buried deep into the earth. When there are multiple groundings every 30, these grounding piles 3 are also electrically connected into a network. The lightning protection 1 () (or the network of the lightning rod 10) and the grounding pile 30 (the network of the grounding pile 30) are electrically connected by one or more wires 20. With such one or more conductive paths provided, a large amount of electric power release rods during lightning strikes leak to the earth through these conductive paths, thereby avoiding the construction > It can be seen from the above that whether the lightning protection system can provide a protective function end is whether the leakage path between the lightning rod 10 and the ground does exist and is normally conducted. It is not difficult to imagine that the breakage of the leak path may occur due to the breakage of the wire 20 or the rust of the grounding pile 30 6 1354420. However, it is very difficult to detect whether the lightning protection system is normal or not. Traditionally, it is detected periodically in an artificial manner, but the failure of the lightning protection system that occurs during the "empty window" between the secondary inspections may result in significant damage due to lack of protection. In addition, each test is quite time consuming and laborious. For example, whether or not the grounding pile 30 has been conventionally provided with a good grounding is usually a so-called three-point measuring method, which requires an additional two grounding piles, which is extremely inconvenient. In addition, to determine that the wire 20 is conducting, it is not easy to perform because the two ends are far apart (e.g., on the roof and in the basement). In particular, some earth-grounded facilities exhibit a so-called "false grounding" state, that is, when they are detected with a small current, they appear to be normally conducting, but they cannot digest a large amount of current like lightning. It is for these reasons that although the lightning protection system has been widely installed, the damage caused by lightning strikes is still known. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention is directed to an apparatus and system that can instantly monitor whether or not each leakage path of a lightning protection system is properly grounded, and to ensure the protection function of the lightning protection system in a simple but efficient manner. The lightning strike grounding instant monitoring system includes one or more monitoring devices, a master device, and an auxiliary ground. The leakage path of each lightning rod of the lightning protection system is monitored by a monitoring device. Each monitoring device determines whether the leak path is normal by measuring the loop resistance from the monitoring device, through the wire to the lightning rod, from the lightning rod to the ground, and then from the ground to the monitoring device. In one embodiment of the invention, the monitoring device includes a power unit to provide power required to monitor the operation of all components of the device, a measurement unit coupled in series to the aforementioned loop for measurement, and a wireless transmission unit to The results of its monitoring are transmitted to the master device via wireless transmission. The above and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and claims However, it is to be understood that the appended drawings are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. For the definition of the scope of the invention, please refer to the scope of the patent application attached. [Embodiment] Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing a lightning protection grounding instantaneous monitoring system according to the present invention. As shown, the lightning strike ground monitoring system includes one or more monitoring devices, a master device, and an auxiliary ground. Each of the monitoring devices 100 is electrically connected by a wire 101 and a lightning rod 10. In order to avoid false positives caused by the failure of the wire 101 itself, the shorter the wire 101, the better, so that each monitoring device 100 is substantially in close proximity to the lightning rod 10 it monitors. Each monitoring device 100 is also additionally coupled to an auxiliary ground, such as a grounding post 300 that is independent of the grounding stub 30 network. Please note that each monitoring device 100 8 1354420 line 1〇2 is directly connected to the auxiliary ground, or the wires 1〇2 of the plurality of measuring devices 100 are first connected to the auxiliary ground 3〇〇. _In-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The formation of the fun road is from the monitoring device, through the circuit. This 2. , grounding pile 3. Then, enter the large mine needle wire coffee, the grounding grid, the grounding pile 3 〇 路径 路径 path is positive / time avoidance: heart, wire 2 〇, have ~ appropriate resistance value. On the other hand, the circuit that tells and describes should have 30 taxis/lightning rods 1〇, wires 20, grounding piles, and the leakage path of the grounding piles will be broken and there will be – often, he is not normal. In the place, the value of (4) is obtained by the resistance value of the above loop. The Superintendent and the 100 are composed of 30: lightning rod 1〇, wire 20, and grounding pile. If the secret is normal, then whether the shirt is issued or not: If there is a problem with the grounding pile or the wire 102, the abnormal resistance value will be detected if the grounding is detected, so if the auxiliary is connected, Although (4) the road is normal, but because the monitoring equipment has basically lost the normal monitoring function, the sound of the meaning of ^ request maintenance personnel, this "false positive" still has the h figure according to the invention - implementation For example, the lightning protection grounding instant monitoring 9 package:: the functional block diagram of the f measuring device. As shown, the monitoring device 100 acts as a force unit 110 to provide a monitoring device. All components are operated. The power unit 110 can include - or a plurality of batteries (use case pool, rechargeable battery can be used). In the other embodiment of the present invention, the solar two contains one or more rechargeable batteries and a conversion SGlar panel is used to make use of the daytime to measure the installation state, in order to extend the supervision of the The implementation details of the technical field are omitted from the present invention. It should be common knowledge that the present specification thus connects the wires 101, 102 of the monitoring device 100 to a measuring unit 120. The measuring unit 120 measures the resistance of the aforementioned circuit through the core of the wire 1 device ’ its main function ^-P1I. _''' 102. As shown in Fig. 2, the first 20 contains "DC" on the busy circuit 22, and a processor circuit (2). The DC current circuit m and the t operation amplifying circuit 122 are connected in series between the wires ΗΠ and m ^ to form a part of the road. The path 123 is based on the master device 2. 〇 Trigger, or = DC to AC circuit 121, the start of the heart is replaced by the voltage of the AC ^ ^ early 7 " ^ provided by the DC power circuit. The current operation amplifying circuit 122, which applies the current (four) electric (four) current to the circuit, picks up the electrical signal converted into the corresponding resistance value, and then includes the one or more of the rose, the built-in reference core and the ratio operation. The amplifying circuit 122 has at least a circuit resistance value greater than the upper limit reference power: the upper reference voltage is followed by "the road is likely to be in an open circuit or poor contact, and the resistance value: the heavy electric milk signal is transmitted to the processor circuit 123." , a representative ^ J resistance value is less than the upper limit of the reference resistance of the electricity: the equivalent of: signal = large to the processor circuit 123 table normal = transport π amplification circuit 122 into the water another embodiment of the present invention ο Quantity:: If the circuit electric value is greater than the upper lower limit reference:: When the value of the reference resistance is limited (on behalf of the reference resistance, or less than the way) 'Processor circuit' μ Λ ^ is the path can be right and τ & After power-off 峪123 will receive Dingyue 匕 has an abnormally short, only 1 left of the interesting circuit resistance meter abnormal electrical signal. In contrast to the lower limit reference resistance, the upper limit reference resistance, and the most common electrical signal. Notice that on ^ 3 It will receive the electric version that can represent the positive resistance, or the variable resistance of the lower limit and the lower limit reference. The monitoring device _ can be used for the fine networking of the single control unit. It is necessary to have a monitoring device 100 that operates electrically with the processor and includes a mode that displays a single U3 〇 in the simplest as a light-emitting diode, and a a ^ 3 a two-color light (example ^ - a different The sound source island wide and the light-off circuit of the phase two (such as red and green) that drives the switch light and light. Take the double light as an example, 1354420, when the monitoring device 100 is operating normally, the green light cycle flashes) When processing _123 _^ 亮 = is it will light (or flash can be) red light. So from the eyes;: two a lightning rod Π) whether there is a normal leaking road. Suppose ^ Lei needle ^ The leakage path is not normal. From the 2nd figure, the power of the field can be very high. From the wire un, the monitoring device 1 hits a large number and the grounding volume TM ground. At this time, the monitoring device 丨^^^ can judge = device〇 Are you still working on the crane? You can also test the age from this example. Set (10) will basically be a consumable, so its implementation is the same as the best: single, low-cost implementation. For example, the processor circuit 曰123 h is the simplest single-chip microcontroller please note Until the use of the network to monitor the county (10) basically can not have a display list (because the lightning rod (7) is often presented by the master device), but in some embodiments, the monitoring device (10) used in the network It is also possible to have the display unit 13A in order to simultaneously provide a visual inspection function. In this case, the display unit (10) may only contain a single light signal to indicate whether the monitoring device (10) is normal as to whether the lightning rod 10 is abnormal or not. The system is presented by the main control device. The fourth (4) according to the (four) another - real _ lightning protection grounding instant "糸, unified monitoring device functional block diagram. As shown, the I-B of the network is used to include a benefit transmission unit just connected to the processor circuit 123. Between the monitoring device (4) and the main control device is the connection of the 12 1354420 line, and the above-mentioned = when the transmission force is caused by the cable connection between the cable connection and the main control device - even along the main control device 2 4 : Device _ - and make a big damage). Due to the monitoring device (10)·, the heart...the more cost is required to be controlled within a certain range, the households are measured by the device 100, the device 100 and the main control are difficult. The method adopts the appropriate short-distance system, and the ultrasonic waves, infrared rays, ",, line communication machines, and radio waves in the public frequency band all smash the hand used for this application. The original used is exclusive.疋 can also be a standard or monitoring device 1 〇〇 and the interaction between the main and the J. G. There are three implementations. The first mode of implementation is by the monitoring device A. The role of "1GGm is the main control", and its role is to play passive reception. In the attack mode, the processor circuit 123 that monitors U_ is weekly.
期性的啟動直流轉交流電路121㈣行迴路電阻的量測， 然後將正¥或異常的電氣訊號透過無線傳輸單元⑽發送 或廣播出去（監職置⑽如果具有顯示單元⑽，量測的 結果也可以透過顯示單元請呈現）。為了簡單起見監測 裝置100只管發送，而不管主控裝置是否有收到。對 於主控裝置2GG而言，它會週期性的接收到監測裝置· 所發出的正常或異常訊號，還有—種可能就是經過相當時 間都沒有從監顧置謂收到任何訊號，這種情形就可能 代表監測裝置1GG故障、沒有電力、或是已經被打壞。 13 1354420 種實施方式是由主控裝置細扮演主動的角色、 瓜測裝置1〇〇扮演被動的角色。 士 I、 隹绝禋万式下，監測裝置 動進行量測，而是由主控農置2〇〇週 號觸發。監測裝置10〇在收到觸笋1轳，^出訊 々掛迴H θ 例叫觸發訊號’再依據前述的方 ^ ^測，紐將量栽果的正常或異常訊號發 送回t，°主控裝置(監測裝S _如果具有顯示單元 130,里測的結果也可以透過顯示單元13〇呈現）。同樣的， 在主控裝置發出觸發訊號後，如果經過—段時間一直 沒有接到監咐置_的回覆，就可以判斷監測裝置卿 故障、沒有電力、或是已經被打壞。 第三種方式是前二種方式的結合。在這種方式下，監 測裝置議-方面週期性的主動進行檢測，但檢測的結果 姐^會立即傳回給主控裝置2⑻（監測裝置刚如果具有顯 示草兀130，量測的結果可以透過顯示單元13〇呈現广而 是在主控裝置200 性的發出詢問訊號時，再將最近一 次重測的結果傳送給主控裝置綱。同樣的，在主控裝置 2〇0發出詢問訊號後’如果經過—段時間一直沒有接到監測 裝Ϊ 100的回覆’就可以判斷監測農£ 1〇〇故障、沒有電 力、或是已經被打壞。 刖述的成種運作模式在一個主控裝置200對多個監測 裝置⑽時需要—種區別監測裝i _的機制。這可以藉 由赋予每個1測裝置1〇〇獨特的識別碼（_她也⑽ 1354420 code)來達成。這個識別碼，比如說，可以藉由處理器電 路123裡數個簡單的開關（switch)來手動設定長度固定數 碼的識別碼。在前述的運作模式中，當監測裝置100主動、 或是應主控裝置200詢問而傳送量測結果時，監測裝置100 都會將其獨特的識別碼，連同量測結果傳送給主控裝置 200,以資主控裝置200區別這是哪一個監測裝置100的傳 送的訊號。同樣地，當主控裝置200週期性的——詢問、 或觸發每一個監測裝置100時，它也會將所詢問、觸發對 象的識別碼放在傳送的訊號中，這樣就算所有監測裝置100 都接收到主控裝置200傳送的訊號，只有訊號中所指定的 特定監測裝置100才會被觸發或做出回應。 在監測裝置100扮演主動的角色、主控裝置200扮演 被動接收的角色的實施方式中，多個監測裝置100可能會 同時傳送量測結果給主控裝置200而造成彼此的干擾。可 能的解決方式之一是將多個監測裝置100分別設定不同的 量測週期，這樣可以大幅降低衝突的機率。週期也可以藉 由處理器電路123裡數個簡單的開關來手動設定。還有一 種可能的解決方式是，每一個監測裝置100在進行完一次 量測後，是從(0..T](代表大於0但小於或等於T)的時間 範圍内隨機選擇下一次量測的時間，這樣也可以大幅降低 衝突的機率。請注意到T可以是處理器電路123的韌體所 預先設定好的常數；或者也可以是藉由處理器電路123裡 數個簡單的開關來手動設定。對於後者，由於每一個監測 15 1354420 裝置100的T都不同，所以衝突的機率會更小。 第4圖所示係依據本發明一實施例之避雷接地即時監 測系統之主控裝置之功能方塊圖。如圖所示，主控裝置200 包含有一個和監測裝置100匹配的無線傳輸單元210、和無 線傳輸單元210單向（如果只是被動接收訊號時）或雙向 (如果需要發出觸發、詢問訊號、以及接受回應訊號時） 連接的處理運算單元220、和處理運算單元220雙向連接的 輸出入單元230。主控裝置200的實施方式之一就是採用一 台個人電腦，無線傳輸單元210可以是插在個人電腦擴充 槽的界面卡、或是連接在個人電腦USB埠的外接無線收發 裝置；處理運算單元220就是個人電腦的處理器、記憶體 等；而輸出入單元230則包含了個人電腦的輸出入控制器 等元件。輸出入單元230連接的鍵盤與顯示器，提供了各 個監測裝置100識別碼入、以及其他運作參數的輸入、修 改等輸出入界面。此外輸出入單元230連接的顯示器、°刺 口八等可以在接收到異常訊號時發出視覺上的、或是聽覺上 的警報。此外，如果個人電腦有連結有線、或無線的網路 的話，還可以將警報以各種形式（語音、簡訊等）傳送給 遠端監控人。這些實施細節都已經是習知的技術，因此本 說明書不多贅述。 請注意到在前述的實施例中，監測裝置100傳送給主 控裝置200的是其量測的迴路電阻值和其内建的參考電阻 16 1354420 的電阻值比較後的結果。在本發明的另一實施例中，監測 裝置100也可以不具有内建的參考電阻、而其係將量測的 迴路電阻值直接傳送給主控裝置200,而由主控裝置200 來判斷該迴路電阻值是否正常。而主控裝置200所用於判 斷的參考電阻值可以經由主控裝置200的輸出入單元230 輸入成為主控裝置200的運作參數之一。 藉由以上較佳具體實施例之詳述，係希望能更加清楚 描述本發明之特徵與精神，而並非以上述所揭露的較佳具 體實施例來對本發明之範疇加以限制。相反地，其目的是 希望能涵蓋各種改變及具相等性的安排於本發明所欲申請 之專利範圍的範疇内。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖所示係傳統的避雷系統之示意圖。 第2圖所示係依據本發明之避雷接地即時監測系統之示意 圖。 第3 a圖所示係依據本發明一實施例之避雷接地即時監測系 統之監測裝置之功能方塊圖。 第3b圖所示係依據本發明另一實施例之避雷接地即時監測 系統之監測裝置之功能方塊圖。 第4圖所示係依據本發明一實施例之避雷接地即時監測系 統之主控裝置之功能方塊圖。 17 1354420 【主要元件符號說明】 10 避雷針 20 導線 30 接地樁 100 監測裝置 101 導線 102 導線 110 電力單元 120 量測單元 121 直流轉交流電路 122 運算放大電路 123 處理器電路 130 顯示單元 140 無線傳輸單元 200 主控裝置 18The start-up DC-to-AC circuit 121 (4) measures the loop resistance, and then sends or broadcasts the positive or abnormal electrical signal through the wireless transmission unit (10) (the supervisory unit (10) has the display unit (10), and the measurement result is also Can be presented through the display unit). For the sake of simplicity, the monitoring device 100 transmits only regardless of whether the master device has received it. For the main control device 2GG, it will periodically receive the normal or abnormal signal sent by the monitoring device, and there may be no signal received from the supervisor after a considerable period of time. It may represent that the monitoring device 1GG is faulty, has no power, or has been damaged. 13 1354420 The implementation mode is that the master device plays an active role, and the melon device plays a passive role. In the case of I, the monitoring device is dynamically measured, but triggered by the main control farm 2 weeks. The monitoring device 10 〇 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 收到 监测 监测 监测 监测 监测 监测 监测 监测 监测 监测 监测 监测 监测 监测 监测 监测 监测 监测 监测The control device (monitoring device S__ having the display unit 130, the result of the measurement can also be presented through the display unit 13A). Similarly, after the master device sends a trigger signal, if the response has not been received by the supervisor for a period of time, it can be judged that the monitoring device is faulty, has no power, or has been damaged. The third way is the combination of the first two. In this way, the monitoring device periodically and actively performs the detection, but the result of the detection is immediately transmitted back to the main control device 2 (8) (if the monitoring device has the display grass 130, the measurement result can be transmitted through The display unit 13 〇 is widely distributed, and when the main control device 200 sends an inquiry signal, the result of the latest retest is transmitted to the main control unit. Similarly, after the main control unit 2 〇 0 sends an inquiry signal. If the reply of the monitoring device 100 has not been received after a period of time, it can be judged that the monitoring farm has failed, has no power, or has been damaged. The mode of operation described above is in a master device 200. For a plurality of monitoring devices (10), a mechanism for distinguishing the monitoring device _ is required. This can be achieved by assigning each device 1 unique identification code (_ she also (10) 1354420 code). For example, the fixed length digital identification code can be manually set by a plurality of simple switches in the processor circuit 123. In the foregoing operation mode, when the monitoring device 100 is active or should When the control device 200 interrogates and transmits the measurement result, the monitoring device 100 transmits its unique identification code together with the measurement result to the main control device 200, so that the main control device 200 distinguishes which transmission device 100 is transmitting. Similarly, when the master device 200 periodically polls, or triggers, each of the monitoring devices 100, it also places the identifier of the challenged and triggered object in the transmitted signal, so that all the monitoring devices 100 Both receive the signal transmitted by the master device 200, and only the specific monitoring device 100 specified in the signal is triggered or responded. The monitoring device 100 plays an active role, and the master device 200 plays the role of passive receiving. In the mode, the plurality of monitoring devices 100 may simultaneously transmit the measurement results to the main control device 200 to cause mutual interference. One of the possible solutions is to set the plurality of monitoring devices 100 to different measurement periods, which can be greatly The probability of collision is reduced. The period can also be manually set by several simple switches in the processor circuit 123. There is also a possible solution. The method is that each monitoring device 100 randomly selects the time of the next measurement from the time range of (0..T) (representing greater than 0 but less than or equal to T) after performing one measurement, and thus The probability of collision can be greatly reduced. Note that T can be a predetermined constant of the firmware of the processor circuit 123; or it can be manually set by several simple switches in the processor circuit 123. For the latter, Since the T of each device 15 1554420 is different, the probability of collision will be smaller. Figure 4 is a functional block diagram of the main control device of the lightning protection grounding monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the master device 200 includes a wireless transmission unit 210 that matches the monitoring device 100, and the wireless transmission unit 210 is unidirectional (if only passively receiving signals) or two-way (if a trigger, an inquiry signal, and a response are required) In the case of a signal, the connected processing unit 220 and the input/output unit 230 in which the processing unit 220 is bidirectionally connected. One of the implementations of the main control device 200 is to use a personal computer. The wireless transmission unit 210 can be an interface card inserted in the expansion slot of the personal computer or an external wireless transceiver connected to the USB port of the personal computer; the processing operation unit 220 It is a processor, a memory, etc. of a personal computer; and the input/output unit 230 includes components such as an input/output controller of a personal computer. The keyboard and the display connected to the input unit 230 provide an input/output interface for each of the monitoring devices 100 to recognize the code entry, and input, modification, and the like of other operational parameters. In addition, the display connected to the input unit 230, the spurs, etc. can issue a visual or audible alarm when an abnormal signal is received. In addition, if the PC has a wired or wireless network, alerts can be sent to remote monitors in various forms (voice, SMS, etc.). These implementation details are already well known in the art, so this specification will not be repeated. It is noted that in the foregoing embodiment, the monitoring device 100 transmits to the master device 200 the result of comparing the measured loop resistance value with the resistance value of its built-in reference resistor 16 1354420. In another embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring device 100 may also have no built-in reference resistance, and it directly transmits the measured loop resistance value to the main control device 200, and the main control device 200 determines the Whether the loop resistance value is normal. The reference resistance value used by the master device 200 can be input as one of the operational parameters of the master device 200 via the input/output unit 230 of the master device 200. The features and spirit of the present invention are intended to be more apparent from the detailed description of the preferred embodiments. On the contrary, the intention is to cover various modifications and equivalents within the scope of the invention as claimed. [Simple description of the diagram] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a conventional lightning protection system. Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of an immediate monitoring system for lightning protection grounding in accordance with the present invention. Figure 3a is a functional block diagram of a monitoring device for a lightning protection grounding immediate monitoring system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3b is a functional block diagram of a monitoring device for a lightning protection grounding immediate monitoring system in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 is a block diagram showing the function of the main control device of the lightning protection grounding monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention. 17 1354420 [Explanation of main component symbols] 10 Lightning rod 20 Conductor 30 Grounding post 100 Monitoring device 101 Conductor 102 Conductor 110 Power unit 120 Measuring unit 121 DC to AC circuit 122 Operational amplifying circuit 123 Processor circuit 130 Display unit 140 Wireless transmission unit 200 Main control device 18