1352882 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種腕錶之調整機構及—種具有此種調 整機構之腕錶的機械機芯。 【先前技術】 普通機械錶包含：一蓄能器’其係由一發條盒所構成； —運動鏈或齒輪鏈，其用於驅動該等錶針；—調整機構，其 用於決定該錶之運轉；及一擒縱機構，其用於將該調整機構 ^ 之擺動傳遞至該齒輪系。本發明尤其有關於該調整機構。 傳統之調整機構通常包含一平衡擺輪，其係安裝在一旋 轉軸上·’及一回返機構，其施加一扭矩於該平衡擺輪上以使 其回返至一平衡位置。該擒縱機構（或驅動機構）保持該平 • 衡擺輪環繞著該平衡位置而擺動。該回返機構通常包含一螺 旋彈簧（通常被稱爲游絲發條），其與該平衡擺輪同軸地被 安裝。該游絲發條藉由該游絲內樁而將一回返扭矩傳遞至該 ^ 平衡擺輪；該螺旋彈簧之靜止位置決定該平衡擺輪之回返位 置。 然而此一非常普遍之配置卻具有某些缺點。 首先，該螺旋彈簧之每次擺動所產生之實體變形會導致 —能量損失並從而縮短了該錶之運轉時間。此外，該錶之精 確度主要取決於該螺旋彈簧所用之材料性質，同時取決於末 端曲線之加工精確度。儘管在冶金學上已取得重要之進展， 但是仍難以確保這些性質之再現性。另外，該等螺旋彈簧易 於隨著時間而發生蠕變應變，以致使得該回返力隨著該鏡之 1352882 ·- / .老化而減小，而此導致精確度改變。 此外’該平衡擺輪在一方向上（例如順時針方向）之擺 動將會鬆釋該螺旋彈簧，而在相反方向上之轉動則相反地具 有壓縮該螺旋彈簧之作用。依照該平衡擺輪之旋轉方向而對 該彈簧施予不同之變形，此將影響該回返力並因而影響精確 度及再現性。 可使該螺旋彈簧得以被固接至該平衡擺輪旋塞（或平衡 擺輪橋接件）且分別被連接至該平衡擺輪上之該游絲發條螺 • ® 柱及該游絲內樁將構成其他擾亂及一不平衡狀態之來源，而 ' 該不平衡狀態將使得該平衡擺輪不穩定。此外，該游絲發條 在該平衡擺輪上之固接該游絲內樁之點處施加一扭矩，此將 對實際精確度產生不良之影響。在垂直位置上，該游絲發條 • 在其自身重量下將會更進一步地變形，此將導致其重心之位 ' 移及週期之擾亂。 此外，該平衡擺輪亦承受萬有引力以及因戴錶者之運動 所導致的加速度。這些外在之擾亂對於該運轉精確度及例如 ^ 陀飛輪（tourbillon )或甚至三軸式陀飛輪之複雜修正機構 均具有相當大之影響，而該相當低之螺旋彈簧回返力有時被 用以對彼等進行補償。 除此之外，該游絲發條之寬度增加了該平衡擺輪之寬 度，以致使得該調整機構之總寬度相當地重要。 提供一振動音叉功能之腕鑛調整機構已被設想成可解 決上述之某些問題。然而’這些調整機構亦藉由實體變形及 在該音叉之諸分叉中的彈性振動而作動，以致在此情況下該 1352882 *. / 精確度乃取決於冶金術及加工精確度。這些解決方式本身尙 未大規模地被予證實有效。 各式不同結構之調整機構亦已被設計於擺鐘或桌鍾、老 爺鐘或其他大尺寸之鐘錶裝置中。可用之體積及固定垂直位 置允許例如重力被用於將一平衡擺輪或鐘擺回返至其平衡 位置。然而，對於普通機械錶機芯之小型化及大加速度之要 求使得鐘錶製造商不願將該等適於擺鐘或老爺鐘之解決方 法應運用至腕錶之機芯上。 _·【發明內容】 ' 因此，本發明之一目的在於提供一種不同之腕錶調整機 構，其可避免先前技術之該等缺點。 本發明之另一目的在於提供一種能夠在無需電源供應 ‘ 下與一機械錶配合使用之調整機構。 ' 本發明之另一目的在於提供一種用於機械錶且具有一 平衡擺輪之調整機構，其無需配置平衡擺輪旋塞、游絲發條 螺柱、游絲內樁及其他用於將該回返機構固接至該平衡擺輪 ® 及該平衡擺輪之軸上之裝置。 根據本發明，這些目的可藉由一包括申請專利範圍主項 所列諸特徵之調整機構而被達成，而若干較佳實施例則係被 說明於申請專利範圍之諸附屬項中。 這些目的尤其可藉由一腕錶之調整機構而予達成，該腕 錶之調整機構包括： 一平衡擺輪， 一回返機構，其用於使該平衡擺輪可朝向至少一穩定之 1352882 « f 平衡位置回返， —驅動機構，其用於保持該平衡擺輪可不停地運動， 其中該平衡擺輪被連接於至少一活動永久磁鐵上，且該 回返機構包括至少一可供產生磁場之永久磁鐵，以便使該平 衡擺輪可回返至該平衡位置。 此一配置具有之優點在於使其可完全省略機械錶內之 螺旋彈簧且因而可避免大部分與該螺旋彈簧相關之問題。 此一配置具有之優點在於相對由重力或外部加速度所 ® 致之擾亂提供較高之精確度及一減弱之影響。 利用磁場之擺動機構特別地被描述於美國專利第 4,266,291 > 3,921,386 ' 3,714,773、 3,665,699 ' 及 3,161,012 號、德國專利第2424212號、與英國專利第1444627號中。 • 然而，此諸文獻係有關於電子錶，其中一磁場藉由一電磁鐵 而被產生》這些解決方案因此並不適用於無需電力供應之機 械錶。 美國專利申請案第 2003/0 1 3790 1號描述一機械錶機 ^ 芯，其中該平衡擺輪上配備有若干永久磁鐵。由該平衡擺輪 之擺動所導致之旋轉磁場可藉一運轉控制機構而被檢測，以 便可控制該平衡擺輪之擺動變化。然而這些擺動係由一傳統 螺旋彈簧所導致，其具有所有上述之缺點。 這些目的亦可藉由一腕錶之調整機構而被達成，腕錶之 調整機構包括： 一平衡擺輪， 一回返機構，其用於使該平衡擺輪可朝向至少一穩定之 1352882 * t 平衡位置回返， 一驅動機構，其用於保持該平衡擺輪可不停地環繞著該 平衡位置運動， 其中該回返機構不造成實體變形地作用於該平衡擺輪 上。 此優點在於使得精確度並不必依賴冶金術或一變形部 件之形狀而定，並因此而有利於該精確度之再現。 這些目的可進一步藉由一腕錶之調整機構而被達成，該 •腕錶之ϋ整機構包括： —平衡擺輪， 一回返機構，其用於使該平衡擺輪可朝向至少一穩定之 平衡位置回返， —驅動機構，其用於保持該平衡擺輪可不停地環繞著該 平衡位置運動， 其中該回返機構不接觸地作用於該平衡擺輪上。 此優點在於顯著地限制了由於在該游絲發條被固接至 ® 該平衡擺輪處之扭矩所導致的擾亂。 在本發明之一較佳實施例中，藉由該回返機構之固定部 件所產生之磁場被固定並係爲恆定的，亦即其不會旋轉且不 隨時間變化。 在一較佳實施例中，藉由該活動磁鐵或該等活動磁鐵所 產生之磁場會旋轉；此意謂著該平衡擺輪具有—旋轉軸’且 意謂著直接固接到該平衡擺輪上與其合倂之該活動磁鐵或 該等活動磁鐵會環繞該旋轉軸沿一圓形軌道而擺動。這減少 1352882 ‘ s 了可動部件之數量並防止了會產生相當大摩擦力之平移。此 外，該等活動磁鐵之所有運動能量被傳遞至該平衡擺輪。另 外，該平衡擺輪之旋轉運動可藉由一傳統擒縱機構而被傳遞 至該錶之其餘部分。該平衡擺輪之運動因此可藉由環繞該平 衡擺輪之旋轉軸擺動而被形成，並使得該擺動之幅度小於 3 60。，較佳地係小於1 80°，甚至小於120°。因此可獲得一 相當大之擺動頻率，此有利於該調整機構之精確度及分辨 率；此外，當該平衡擺輪之角位置在一限定區間內擺動之 ® 時，其將更易於在該回返力與該平衡擺輪之角位置之間無間 斷地達成一定量。 較佳地，至少一活動磁鐵在兩個固定永久磁鐵之間沿一 圓形軌道擺動，該兩個固定永久磁鐵被放置於一圓之弧段上 並以小於180°之角成角度地被分隔。藉由如此移動該等固定 永久磁鐵，將可產生一相當大之磁性交互作用，其強度將依 據一連續函數而沿該擺動軌道變化》 在本發明之一較佳實施例中，該平衡擺輪藉由機械元件 而被激發以等時地環繞該平衡位置擺動。有利地，該平衡擺 輪可因此與一典型機械錶之擒縱機構結合。另一選擇爲，激 發該平衡擺輪所必需之能量可經由該等永久磁鐵而自該擒 縱機構處傳遞。本發明之磁性平衡擺輪因此可用於一不具有 線圈、電磁鐵、及電源供應之純粹機械錶中。 在一較佳實施例中，該活動磁鐵或該等活動磁鐵相對於 該平衡擺輪係成固定的，這使得該結構更爲簡單。該平衡擺 輪及該等磁鐵於是沿著相同之交替圓形運動而擺動。 -10- 1352882 « ι 該等固定磁鐵較佳地可產生將安裝在該平衡擺輪上之 該等活動磁鐵推回之作用。該平衡位置係由排斥力所決定； 並當該等活動磁鐵係位於兩個固定磁鐵間之等距處，且當作 用於每一活動磁鐵上之該兩固定磁鐵之排斥力相互抵消 時，可達到該平衡位置。因此，藉由該等固定磁鐵所產生之 磁場在該平衡位置處時係最小，所以用於使該平衡擺輪自此 平衡位置移開以及用於保持擺動所必需之能量將會降低。當 該平衡擺輪自該平衡位置移開時，該等固定與活動磁鐵間之 ® 磁性交互作用將會增強，以致使該回返力相對於該平衡擺輪 之靜止位置將可與該平衡擺輪之角距離成比例地增加。 然而，該平衡點之穩定性可藉由吸引力所作用之附加磁 鐵而被控制。相同地，該平衡擺輪可自不希望之平衡位置處 被移開。 本發明並不排除某些實施例，其中該平衡位置係藉由吸 引力所決定；並可在當該等活動磁鐵在與相應之固定磁鐵間 之距離成最小處，或在與兩個固定磁鐵間成等距而使其吸引 力相互抵消之處時，達到該平衡位置。然而，此實施例之缺 點在於需要一較大之激發，才可使該平衡擺輪環環繞一與該 最大磁性吸引力相對應之平衡位置擺動。 在一變化型式之實施例中，該等磁化部件係由該平衡擺 輪自身之磁化部分所構成。該平衡擺輪可因此沿該周邊而構 成一具有交替極性之磁化環。 在另一實施例中，該等活動磁鐵直接被安裝在該擒縱機 構之該等擒縱叉上、或被連接至該擒縱機構之該等擒縱叉。 -11- 1352882 • i 該等擒縱叉隨後構成一平衡擺輪，亦即一等時地擺動於—磁 場中之元件。 【實施方式】 在以下之說明及申請專利範圍中，形容詞「固定的」始 終指該機芯。若一元件相對於該機芯（例如相對於該機芯之 底板）並不運動，則其係爲固定的。 該術語「平衡擺輪」是指一在激發作用下環繞一平衡位 置擺動之部件。等時之擺動或多或少地決定該錶之運轉。該 ® 平衡擺輪可由一具有許多輪幅之輪、一盤體、一桿'一擒縱 叉等所構成。 第la圖顯示說明一包括一平衡擺輪3之調整機構丨，該 平衡擺輪3環繞一垂直於該機芯底部之軸300而擺動。在此 範例中’該平衡擺輪3包含一環形輪圈及兩個環繞該軸3 00 之徑向輪幅（或臂）3 02。螺釘3 0 1使該平衡擺輪之慣性矩 易於運動。該平衡擺輪構成一慣性質量；其質量及其半徑在 藉由該機芯之小型化要求所設定之範圍內較佳地係爲相當 大的。該被所請解決方法所允許之相當大回返力將可使用特 別大之慣性質量。 變形以對溫度變化進行補償之雙金屬平衡擺輪亦可在 本發明之架構中。其他方法可被用以對與溫度相關之該磁場 強度的變化進行補償。 該平衡擺輪3被連接至或配備有活動永久磁鐵30,該等 活動永久磁鐵30被驅動與該平衡擺輪一起旋轉。該圖解實 施例包含兩個分立之雙極性永久磁鐵，其相對於該軸300以 -12- 1352882 彼此成180°之角度對稱放置。每一磁鐵具有與該軸300等距 之一正極與一負極。該等磁鐵30可藉由機械方式而被固定 或黏合在該平衡擺輪3上。如圖所示，該等磁化部件亦可藉 由該平衡擺輪自身之磁化部分而被構成，或藉由一該平衡擺 輪上之磁性路徑而放構成。該平衡擺輪可因此沿其周邊構成 一具有交替極性之磁化環。例如，該平衡擺輪可藉由一記錄 頭（亦即，一在氣隙中產生一可控幅度之磁場之線圈）均質 地或逐漸地被磁化。 ^ 該調整機構進一步包含兩個固定永久磁鐵40,其可藉由 任何適當方式被安裝在一橋接件上或該機芯之底部上。該等 兩個磁鐵相對於該軸300以彼此成180°之角度被對稱地置 於該平衡擺輪3之平面內。在一變化型式實施例中（未示於 圖），該等固定磁鐵40亦可被置於平行於該平衡擺輪3之 另一平面上。每一該等磁鐵40具有一正極與一負極，.然而 其相對於該軸3 00成對稱之配置相對於該等活動磁鐵30上 ' 之該等磁極之配置係呈反向的》因此，當該等固定磁鐵40 與該等活動磁鐵30靠近時，其藉由最大之磁性交互作用力 而彼此向後推。藉由將該平衡擺輪轉動90°而達到該平衡位 置，以便可將每一活動磁鐵30推回到與該等兩個固定磁鐵 40成等距處；藉由該等永久磁鐵40所產生之磁場在此配置 中係爲最小，以致使得離開此平衡位置所必需之力.或力矩亦 被減小。 該等磁鐵30與40較佳地被選擇成可使得該磁性排斥力 即使在圖示之平衡位置亦遠大於被施加在該平衡擺輪3上之 1352882 « ί 重力。由金屬氧化物、稀土合成物或鈾鈷合金所構成之永久 磁鐵較佳地將被用以獲得相當大之殘餘磁場》 在所有實施例中該等固定磁鐵之位置或甚至該等活動 磁鐵之位置均爲可調節（例如藉由螺釘調節），以便可調整 該平衡擺輪之擺動頻率。 因此’該平衡擺輪之擺動並不取決於該平衡擺輪之傾 度。此外該平衡擺輪3 (包括該等螺釘301)與該等活動磁 鐵30之迴轉質量較佳地係儘可能規則地環繞該軸300而散 佈，以便可提高該平衡擺輪之平衡性。 在所有實施例中，例如，附加之機械阻堤（未示於圖） 可被設置於該平衡擺輪3及/或一橋接件上，.以便限制該平 衡擺輪之可能旋轉的幅度，並因而可防止該平衡擺輪在受到 震動時經由一平衡位置而進入另一平衡位置。以下將進一步 討論之其他變化型式實施例亦可採用類似之阻堤元件。該等 附加之阻堤於行程終點處可例如包括用於緩衝震動之彈性 構件。 該平衡擺輪3被製成爲可藉由一驅動機構環繞第1圖所 示之該平衡位置而擺動，該驅動機構在本實施例中係由一擒 縱機構2 (此處爲一傳統之瑞士型非擺動式擒縱機構3 0 )所 構成。考慮到該平衡擺輪擺動之小幅度，該擒縱機構亦可進 行特別之改裝。 一由該等發條盒（未示於圖）或任何適當機械動力源所 驅動之擒縱輪210可藉由該等紅寶石擒縱叉瓦200而致動該 等擒縱叉2 0。由該等阻堤2 1 0所限制之該等擒縱叉的位移可 -14- 1352882 « i 藉由該叉202及該銷31而被傳遞至該平衡擺輪3。 其他類型之擒縱機構（包括電氣或磁性擒縱機構）可被 用於本發明之架構中。在一磁性擒縱機構中，該等脈衝較佳 地係藉由該平衡擺輪及該擒縱機構上之該等磁化部件間之 吸引或排斥而被供給至該平衡擺輪3。因此，可達成無接觸 之驅動。 環繞該平衡位置之該等擺動的幅度及頻率可藉由該等 磁鐵之力及配置以及藉由該驅動機構所傳遞之扭矩的幅度 ^ 而被決定。此外，應注意的是，該平衡擺輪3無實體變形地 擺動，以致使該擺動頻率既不取決於冶金學性質亦不取決於 該等彈性部件之老化。 藉由利用該等強力磁鐵可能形成之相當回返力而使得 相當大之擺動頻率得以達成（該擺動頻率大於通常見於傳統 機械錶中之擺動頻率），且使該機芯之精確度及/或分辨率 得以提高。合適之磁鐵及幾何形狀之選定因此可使時間或持 續期間之指示得以一大約十分之一秒或甚至百分之一秒之 β分辨率被予顯示。 第2圖爲第la、lb圖所示之該調整機構之部分剖面視 圖，爲了提高清晰度已將該擒縱機構2從圖中略去。在該圖 解實施例中，該平衡擺輪3環繞一垂直於該上橋接件41且 垂直於該下橋接件42之軸300而樞轉。該等橋接件41及42 較佳地構建一磁性護罩，該磁性護罩既保護該平衡擺輪3使 其不受外部磁場所影響，亦保護該錶之其他組件使其不受尤 其因該等磁鐵30與40而產生之磁場所影響。一遮罩（在一 -15- 1352882 * % 未示於圖之實施例中）亦可由不同於該等橋接件之元件所形 成’例如藉由該底部、該刻度盤、該錶殻或專用元件。亦可 採用一全側式之遮罩。此外，將優先使用一機芯，該機芯至 少具有由非磁性材料所製成之某些軸、小齒輪、輪及/或橋 接件。在一較佳實施例中，該調整機構與該等錶針間之運動 鏈包括至少一合成材料之元件，例如一由一滑輪所驅動之 帶。 該平衡擺輪3之軸300藉由兩個軸承塊410與420而被 ^ 固定於該等橋接件41與42之內，例如傳統之防震軸承塊、 防震軸承、或如該圖解實施例中之磁性軸承塊》在此範例 中，該軸300之上末端3001與下末端3002被磁化或配備有 磁鐵。每一該等軸承塊410及420分別具有一容室4100及 420 0，其深度及直徑略大於該軸3 00之該等相應尺寸。該等 容室之該等壁被磁化具有一與該軸3 00之該等相應末端相同 之極性，以便可將此軸向後推，該軸因此保持浮置於該等軸 承塊410與420之間。該軸3 00因此可無摩擦地樞轉。此配 ^ 置進一步防止了該等軸承塊410、420及該軸300之磨損。 該獨特之平衡擺輪3因此可不與其他元件接觸地擺動， 藉由該等磁鐵30、40而返回至其平衡位置，而該等磁鐵30、 40係藉由磁性軸承塊41 0、420而被固持，及/或藉由一磁性 擒縱機構而被驅動。因此可降低因該平衡擺輪之運動所致之 摩擦與磨損。然而，這些不同之方式可彼此獨立地被執行。 第1 b圖顯示與第1 a圖所示之該實施例類似之調整機構 的一變化型式實施例，但其中該平衡擺輪3進一步配備有螺 -16- 13528821352882 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to an adjustment mechanism for a wristwatch and a mechanical movement of a wristwatch having such an adjustment mechanism. [Prior Art] A general mechanical watch includes: an accumulator which is composed of a barrel; a kinematic chain or a gear chain for driving the hands; and an adjustment mechanism for determining the watch And an escapement mechanism for transmitting the swing of the adjustment mechanism to the gear train. The invention is particularly relevant to the adjustment mechanism. Conventional adjustment mechanisms typically include a balance wheel mounted on a rotating shaft and a return mechanism that applies a torque to the balance wheel to return it to an equilibrium position. The escapement (or drive mechanism) maintains the balance wheel swinging about the equilibrium position. The return mechanism typically includes a helical spring (commonly referred to as a springspring) that is mounted coaxially with the balance. The hairspring spring transmits a return torque to the balance wheel by the balance spring pile; the rest position of the coil spring determines the return position of the balance wheel. However, this very common configuration has certain drawbacks. First, the physical deformation produced by each swing of the coil spring results in - energy loss and thus reduced run time of the watch. In addition, the accuracy of the watch depends mainly on the material properties of the coil spring and on the processing accuracy of the end curve. Despite significant advances in metallurgy, it is still difficult to ensure the reproducibility of these properties. In addition, the coil springs are susceptible to creep strain over time such that the return force decreases with the aging of the mirror 1352882 · - / , which results in a change in accuracy. Furthermore, the swing of the balance wheel in one direction (e.g., clockwise) will release the coil spring, while the rotation in the opposite direction will instead have the effect of compressing the coil spring. The spring is subjected to different deformations in accordance with the direction of rotation of the balance wheel, which affects the return force and thus affects accuracy and reproducibility. The spring spring can be secured to the balance wheel cock (or balance wheel bridge) and connected to the balance spring, the hairspring screw and the inner pile of the balance spring will constitute the other Disturbing and the source of an imbalance, and 'the imbalance will make the balance wheel unstable. In addition, the hairspring spring exerts a torque on the balance wheel at a point where the hairspring pile is fixed, which may adversely affect the actual accuracy. In the vertical position, the hairspring springs • will deform further under its own weight, which will cause its center of gravity to shift and cycle disturbances. In addition, the balance wheel is also subjected to gravitational pull and acceleration due to the movement of the wearer. These external disturbances have a considerable influence on the operational accuracy and complex correction mechanisms such as the tourbillon or even the three-axis tourbillon, and the relatively low coil spring return force is sometimes used. Compensate for them. In addition to this, the width of the hairspring increases the width of the balance wheel such that the overall width of the adjustment mechanism is of considerable importance. A wrist ore adjustment mechanism that provides a vibrating tuning fork function has been conceived to solve some of the above problems. However, these adjustment mechanisms are also actuated by physical deformation and elastic vibrations in the forks of the tuning fork, so that in this case the 1352882 *. / accuracy depends on metallurgy and processing accuracy. These solutions are not proven to be effective on a large scale. Various adjustment mechanisms for different structures have also been designed for pendulum clocks or table clocks, grandfather clocks or other large-sized clock devices. The available volume and fixed vertical position allow, for example, gravity to be used to return a balance or pendulum to its equilibrium position. However, the miniaturization and large acceleration requirements of ordinary mechanical watch movements make watch manufacturers reluctant to apply the solution suitable for the pendulum clock or the master clock to the movement of the watch. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a different wristwatch adjustment mechanism that avoids these disadvantages of the prior art. Another object of the present invention is to provide an adjustment mechanism that can be used in conjunction with a mechanical watch without the need for a power supply. Another object of the present invention is to provide an adjustment mechanism for a mechanical watch and having a balance balance that does not require a balance balance cock, a spring spring stud, a balance spring pile, and the like for fixing the return mechanism. A device attached to the balance wheel® and the shaft of the balance wheel. In accordance with the present invention, these objects are achieved by an adjustment mechanism including the features listed in the main scope of the patent application, and several preferred embodiments are described in the dependent claims. These objects can be achieved in particular by an adjustment mechanism of a wristwatch, the adjustment mechanism of which includes: a balance wheel, a return mechanism for making the balance wheel oriented toward at least one stable 1352882 «f Balance position return, a drive mechanism for maintaining the balance wheel to be continuously moved, wherein the balance wheel is coupled to at least one movable permanent magnet, and the return mechanism includes at least one permanent magnet for generating a magnetic field So that the balance wheel can return to the equilibrium position. This configuration has the advantage that it completely obscures the coil springs in the mechanical watch and thus avoids most of the problems associated with the coil springs. This configuration has the advantage of providing a higher degree of accuracy and a weakening effect than the disturbance caused by gravity or external acceleration. A oscillating mechanism utilizing a magnetic field is described in particular in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,266,291 <RTIgt;3, 921, 386 '<RTIgt;</RTI><RTIgt;</RTI> • However, the literature is about electronic watches in which a magnetic field is generated by an electromagnet. These solutions are therefore not suitable for mechanical watches that do not require electrical power. U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 2003/0 1 3790 1 describes a mechanical machine core in which a plurality of permanent magnets are mounted. The rotating magnetic field caused by the swing of the balance wheel can be detected by an operation control mechanism to control the swing variation of the balance wheel. However, these oscillations are caused by a conventional coil spring which has all of the above disadvantages. These objects can also be achieved by an adjustment mechanism of a wristwatch, the adjustment mechanism of the watch comprising: a balance wheel, a return mechanism for balancing the balance wheel toward at least one stable 1352882 * t Position return, a drive mechanism for maintaining the balance wheel to continuously move around the balance position, wherein the return mechanism does not cause physical deformation to act on the balance wheel. This has the advantage that the accuracy does not have to depend on the shape of the metallurgy or a deformed part, and thus facilitates the reproduction of this precision. These objects can be further achieved by an adjustment mechanism of the wristwatch, which includes: - a balance wheel, a return mechanism for balancing the balance wheel toward at least one stability Position return, a drive mechanism for maintaining the balance wheel to move around the equilibrium position, wherein the return mechanism acts on the balance wheel in a non-contact manner. This has the advantage of significantly limiting the disturbance caused by the torque at which the hairspring is secured to the balance wheel. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the magnetic field generated by the fixed components of the return mechanism is fixed and constant, i.e., it does not rotate and does not change over time. In a preferred embodiment, the magnetic field generated by the movable magnet or the movable magnets is rotated; this means that the balance wheel has a "rotation axis" and means that it is directly fixed to the balance wheel. The movable magnets or the movable magnets that are combined therewith are swung around the rotating shaft along a circular orbit. This reduces the number of 1352882 's movable parts and prevents a considerable amount of friction from shifting. In addition, all of the kinetic energy of the moving magnets is transferred to the balance wheel. In addition, the rotational movement of the balance wheel can be transmitted to the remainder of the watch by a conventional escapement. The movement of the balance wheel can thus be formed by oscillating around the axis of rotation of the balance wheel such that the amplitude of the oscillation is less than 3 60. Preferably, it is less than 180° or even less than 120°. Therefore, a relatively large swing frequency can be obtained, which is advantageous for the accuracy and resolution of the adjustment mechanism; in addition, when the angular position of the balance wheel is swung in a limited interval, it will be easier to return in the return. A certain amount is achieved between the force and the angular position of the balance wheel without interruption. Preferably, at least one of the movable magnets is swung along a circular track between the two fixed permanent magnets, the two fixed permanent magnets being placed on an arc of a circle and angularly separated by an angle of less than 180°. By moving the fixed permanent magnets in this manner, a substantial magnetic interaction can be produced, the intensity of which will vary along the oscillating orbit according to a continuous function. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the balance wheel Excited by mechanical elements to oscillate around the equilibrium position isochronously. Advantageously, the balance wheel can thus be combined with an escapement of a typical mechanical watch. Alternatively, the energy necessary to activate the balance wheel can be transferred from the escapement via the permanent magnets. The magnetic balance wheel of the present invention can therefore be used in a purely mechanical watch that does not have coils, electromagnets, and power supplies. In a preferred embodiment, the movable magnet or the movable magnets are fixed relative to the balance wheel, which makes the structure simpler. The balance wheel and the magnets then oscillate along the same alternating circular motion. -10- 1352882 « ι These fixed magnets preferably produce the action of pushing the moving magnets mounted on the balance wheel back. The equilibrium position is determined by the repulsive force; and when the movable magnets are located equidistantly between the two fixed magnets, and the repulsive forces acting as the two fixed magnets on each movable magnet cancel each other out, This equilibrium position is reached. Therefore, the magnetic field generated by the fixed magnets is minimal at the equilibrium position, so the energy necessary to move the balance wheel from the equilibrium position and to maintain the swing will be reduced. When the balance wheel is removed from the equilibrium position, the magnetic interaction between the fixed and movable magnets will be enhanced such that the rest position relative to the rest of the balance wheel will be able to interact with the balance wheel The angular distance increases in proportion. However, the stability of the balance point can be controlled by the additional magnets to which the attraction force acts. Similarly, the balance wheel can be removed from an undesired equilibrium position. The present invention does not exclude certain embodiments in which the equilibrium position is determined by the attractive force; and may be at a minimum when the moving magnets are at a distance from the corresponding fixed magnet, or with two fixed magnets This equilibrium position is reached when the distances are made equidistant and their attractive forces cancel each other out. However, this embodiment is disadvantageous in that a large excitation is required to cause the balance ring to swing around a balanced position corresponding to the maximum magnetic attraction. In a variant embodiment, the magnetized components are formed by the magnetized portion of the balance wheel itself. The balance wheel can thus form a magnetized ring of alternating polarity along the perimeter. In another embodiment, the movable magnets are mounted directly on the pallets of the escapement or are connected to the pallets of the escapement. -11- 1352882 • i The pallets then form a balance wheel, i.e., an element that oscillates in the -magnetic field at a time. [Embodiment] In the following description and claims, the adjective "fixed" always refers to the movement. An element is fixed if it does not move relative to the movement (e.g., relative to the base of the movement). The term "balance wheel" means a component that oscillates around a balanced position under excitation. The isochronous swing determines more or less the operation of the watch. The balance wheel can be constructed by a wheel having a plurality of spokes, a disc body, a rod, a frog, and the like. The first drawing shows an adjustment mechanism 包括 including a balance wheel 3 which is swung around a shaft 300 perpendicular to the bottom of the movement. In this example, the balance wheel 3 includes an annular rim and two radial spokes (or arms) 302 that surround the shaft 300. The screw 3 0 1 makes the moment of inertia of the balance wheel easy to move. The balance wheel constitutes an inertial mass; its mass and its radius are preferably quite large within the range set by the miniaturization requirements of the movement. The considerable return force allowed by the requested solution will allow for the use of a particularly large inertial mass. A bimetallic balance wheel that is deformed to compensate for temperature changes can also be in the architecture of the present invention. Other methods can be used to compensate for changes in the temperature dependent magnetic field strength. The balance wheel 3 is coupled to or equipped with a movable permanent magnet 30 that is driven to rotate with the balance wheel. The illustrated embodiment includes two discrete bipolar permanent magnets that are symmetrically placed at an angle of 180 to each other with respect to the axis 300 of -12 - 1352882. Each magnet has a positive pole and a negative pole equidistant from the shaft 300. The magnets 30 can be fixed or bonded to the balance wheel 3 by mechanical means. As shown, the magnetized components can also be constructed by the magnetized portion of the balance wheel itself or by a magnetic path on the balance wheel. The balance wheel can thus form a magnetized ring of alternating polarity along its periphery. For example, the balance wheel can be magnetized homogeneously or gradually by a recording head (i.e., a coil that produces a magnetic field of controlled amplitude in the air gap). ^ The adjustment mechanism further includes two fixed permanent magnets 40 that can be mounted on a bridge or on the bottom of the movement by any suitable means. The two magnets are symmetrically placed in the plane of the balance wheel 3 at an angle of 180 to each other with respect to the shaft 300. In a variant embodiment (not shown), the fixed magnets 40 can also be placed parallel to the other plane of the balance wheel 3. Each of the magnets 40 has a positive pole and a negative pole. However, its symmetrical configuration with respect to the shaft 300 is opposite to the configuration of the magnetic poles on the movable magnets 30. Therefore, when When the fixed magnets 40 are close to the movable magnets 30, they are pushed backwards by the maximum magnetic interaction force. The equilibrium position is achieved by rotating the balance wheel by 90° so that each movable magnet 30 can be pushed back to the two fixed magnets 40 at equal distance; by the permanent magnets 40 The magnetic field is minimized in this configuration such that the force or torque necessary to exit the equilibrium position is also reduced. The magnets 30 and 40 are preferably selected such that the magnetic repulsive force is much greater than the 1352882 « ί gravity applied to the balance wheel 3 even in the illustrated equilibrium position. Permanent magnets composed of metal oxides, rare earth composites or uranium-cobalt alloys will preferably be used to obtain a relatively large residual magnetic field. In all embodiments the positions of the fixed magnets or even the positions of the moving magnets Both are adjustable (for example by screw adjustment) so that the oscillation frequency of the balance wheel can be adjusted. Therefore, the swing of the balance wheel does not depend on the inclination of the balance wheel. Furthermore, the balance weights of the balance wheel 3 (including the screws 301) and the movable magnets 30 are preferably distributed as much as possible around the shaft 300 as regularly as possible so that the balance of the balance wheel can be improved. In all embodiments, for example, an additional mechanical baffle (not shown) may be provided on the balance wheel 3 and/or a bridge to limit the extent of possible rotation of the balance wheel, and It is thus possible to prevent the balance wheel from entering another equilibrium position via a balanced position when subjected to shock. Other variant embodiment embodiments, which will be discussed further below, may also employ similar barrier elements. The additional barriers may, for example, include an elastic member for damping the shock at the end of the stroke. The balance wheel 3 is made to be swung by a driving mechanism around the equilibrium position shown in Fig. 1, which in this embodiment is an escapement 2 (here a traditional Swiss The non-oscillating escapement mechanism 3 0 ) is constructed. The escapement can also be specially modified in view of the small amplitude of the balance swing. The escape wheel 210, which is driven by the barrels (not shown) or by any suitable source of mechanical power, can actuate the pallets 200 by the ruby pallets 200. The displacement of the pallets, which are limited by the barriers 210, can be transferred to the balance wheel 3 by the fork 202 and the pin 31. Other types of escapement mechanisms, including electrical or magnetic escapements, can be used in the architecture of the present invention. In a magnetic escapement, the pulses are preferably supplied to the balance wheel 3 by attraction or repulsion between the balance wheel and the magnetized components on the escapement. Therefore, a contactless drive can be achieved. The amplitude and frequency of the wobbles around the equilibrium position can be determined by the force and configuration of the magnets and the magnitude of the torque transmitted by the drive mechanism. Furthermore, it should be noted that the balance wheel 3 is swung without physical deformation so that the oscillation frequency is neither dependent on metallurgical properties nor on the aging of the elastic members. A considerable swing frequency is achieved by utilizing the considerable resilience forces that may be formed by the powerful magnets (which is greater than the swing frequency typically found in conventional mechanical watches) and which allows for accuracy and/or resolution of the movement. The rate is improved. The selection of suitable magnets and geometries thus allows the indication of time or duration to be displayed for a resolution of about one tenth of a second or even one hundredth of a second. Fig. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the adjustment mechanism shown in Figs. 1a and 1b, and the escapement mechanism 2 has been omitted from the drawing for the purpose of improving the definition. In the illustrated embodiment, the balance wheel 3 pivots about a shaft 300 that is perpendicular to the upper bridge member 41 and that is perpendicular to the lower bridge member 42. The bridges 41 and 42 preferably define a magnetic shield that protects the balance wheel 3 from external magnetic fields and protects other components of the watch from the The magnetic field generated by the magnets 30 and 40 is affected. A mask (in a -15 - 1352882 * % not shown in the embodiment of the figure) may also be formed from elements other than the bridges - for example by the bottom, the dial, the case or a dedicated component . A full-sided mask can also be used. In addition, a movement will preferably be used which has at least some of the shafts, pinions, wheels and/or bridges made of non-magnetic material. In a preferred embodiment, the kinematic chain between the adjustment mechanism and the hands includes at least one element of composite material, such as a belt driven by a pulley. The shaft 300 of the balance wheel 3 is fixed within the bridge members 41 and 42 by two bearing blocks 410 and 420, such as a conventional anti-vibration bearing block, a shock-proof bearing, or as in the illustrated embodiment. Magnetic Bearing Blocks In this example, the upper end 3001 and the lower end 3002 of the shaft 300 are magnetized or equipped with magnets. Each of the bearing blocks 410 and 420 has a chamber 4100 and 420 0, respectively, having a depth and a diameter slightly larger than the corresponding dimensions of the shaft 300. The walls of the chamber are magnetized to have the same polarity as the respective ends of the shaft 300 so that the axial direction can be pushed back, the shaft thus remaining floating in the bearing blocks 410 and 420 between. The shaft 300 thus can be pivoted without friction. This arrangement further prevents wear of the bearing blocks 410, 420 and the shaft 300. The unique balance wheel 3 can therefore be swung in contact with other elements, returning to its equilibrium position by the magnets 30, 40, and the magnets 30, 40 are held by the magnetic bearing blocks 41 0, 420 Hold, and/or driven by a magnetic escapement. Therefore, friction and wear due to the movement of the balance wheel can be reduced. However, these different ways can be performed independently of each other. Figure 1b shows a variant embodiment of the adjustment mechanism similar to the embodiment shown in Figure 1a, but wherein the balance wheel 3 is further equipped with a screw -16 - 1352882
* I 釘，.而該等螺釘使可能之不平衡或其他對運轉之擾亂源得以 修正。此外，該擒縱機構允許平衡擺輪作更大幅度之擺動， 例如180°之最大擺動。 第la、lb圖及第2圖中所示之平衡擺輪的幾何形狀係與 傳統機械調整機構之平衡擺輪之形狀相似。然而，使用一磁 性回返機構使得以設想出該平衡擺輪3之不同結構，其中將 對其若干範例進行描述，尤其如第3圖至第13圖中所示者。 第3圖以簡化方式顯示根據本發明之調整機構之一第二 ^ 實施例（無該擒縱機構2)，其中該等固定永久磁鐵40與該 等活動永久磁鐵30各由兩個反向安裝之磁鐵所構成。因而 所得之該磁性路徑於是包含兩個具有相同極性之末端。 第4圖以簡化方式顯示根據本發明之調整機構之一第三 實施例，其中該等固定永久磁鐵40各由兩個反向安裝之磁 鐵所構成。因而所得之磁化部件於是包含兩個具有相同極性 之末端。然而，位於該平衡擺輪3上之該等兩個活動磁鐵30 被如同該實施例1中所示之雙極性磁鐵般地建構，其整體具 1有-對稱之水平軸。 第5圖以簡化方式顯示根據第la圖之本發明的一第四實 施例，但其中附加之固定永久磁鐵47被置於該平衡位置處與 該等活動磁鐵30相對置。在該圖示範例中，該等附加之固 定磁鐵47及該等活動磁鐵30於該平衡位置處相互吸引。該 平衡位置因此藉由該等磁鐵30與40之排斥以及藉由該等磁 鐵30與47之吸引而被共同決定；然而該等排斥力之作用是 主要的，以便可限制該平衡點之穩定性並允許該系統即使在 -17- 1352882 * < 一低驅動動力下仍可以擺動。因此，藉由該等附加之固定磁 鐵47所產生之磁場較佳地係遠低於該等磁鐵40之磁場。 具有反向磁極以便降低該平衡點之穩定性之附加磁鐵 47亦可設計在本發明之架構內。 相同之結果亦可藉由在該平衡擺輪上放置附加之永久 磁鐵而獲得。 亦可在該行程終點處或在一橋接件或在該平衡擺輪上 設置附加之磁鐵，以便在此位置處吸引或排斥該平衡擺輪， ® 並降低在由該等擾亂所造成的擺動之幅度上之變動。 第6圖以簡化方式顯示根據本發明之調整機構的一變化 型式實施例，其包括一環繞一中心軸300而樞轉之平直平衡 擺輪3(針形）。該平衡擺輪3之該等兩末端配備有磁鐵30, 其藉由安裝於一橋接件（未示於圖）上之該等固定磁鐵40 而可被排斥朝向該平衡位置。儘管在此實施例中該平衡擺輪 3之慣性質量被大大地降低，但是此配置使該調整機構所需 之空間得以減小。 ® 第7圖顯示根據本發明之調整機構之一變化型式實施例 的俯視圖，其包括一與第6圖之該平衡擺輪相似之平直平衡 擺輪3，但卻環繞一偏心軸3 00而樞轉。在此範例中，僅在 距該軸300最遠之該平衡擺輪3之末端上配備有一磁鐵，其 藉由兩個磁鐵40而被排斥朝向該圖示之平衡位置。 在此變化型式實施例中，該擒縱機構可藉由延伸該平衡 擺輪3而達成，其中擒縱叉形狀中之一部分可直接藉由該擒 縱叉輪而被致動。 -18- 1352882 r * 除了第6圖與第7圖之該等平直平衡擺輪（針形或I形） 之外，亦可輕易地設想出諸如一T形或Η形之平衡擺輪。 第8圖顯示根據本發明之調整機構之一第六實施例的俯 視圖。該調整機構與第1圖至第2圖之該調整機構相類似， 但卻包含四個活動磁鐵30以及四個固定磁鐵40,四個活動磁 鐵30彼此以90°分佈於該平衡擺輪3上，四個固定磁鐵40彼 此以9 0°分佈於一橋接件（未示於圖）上。此配置尤其使該等 固定與該等活動磁鐵間之距離得以縮短同時增加磁鐵之數 ^ 量，以致使所得之交互作用磁力以及該回返扭矩均被增大。 亦可設計出具有四個以上活動磁鐵及/或四個以上固定 磁鐵之配置。此外，如上所述，亦可使用具有複數個交替磁 極性帶之磁化部件。例如一全有或全無地（或根據一正弦函 數）交替之磁場可例如藉由一在該平衡擺輪之周邊上及/或 在一被連接至該機芯之固定元件上之磁頭而被寫錄。 第9圖顯示調整機構之一變化型式實施例的俯視圖，其 中該平衡擺輪上之活動磁鐵30之數量小於固定磁鐵40之數 ^ 量。每一活動磁鐵因此承受一雙固定磁鐵之作用；而每一固 定磁鐵僅作用於一單一活動磁鐵上。亦可設計成具有兩個固 定磁鐵與一單一活動磁鐵之配置。 第1〇圖顯示調整機構之一變化型式實施例的俯視圖， 其中該平衡擺輪上之活動磁鐵30之數量大於固定磁鐵40之 數量。每一活動磁鐵因此承受一單一固定磁鐵之作用：然而 每一固定磁鐵作用於兩個活動磁鐵上。亦可設計成具有兩個 活動磁鐵與一單一固定磁鐵之配置。 -19- 1352882 I » 第11圖顯示本發明之一變化型式實施例，其中該平衡 擺輪3係由一活動磁鐵3 0所構成，其軌道係由一導件43(例 如一滑槽' 滑桿或一導軌，在此範例中爲一扭矩滑槽）所限 制。該固定磁鐵40之磁極的配置與該活動磁鐵30之磁極的 配置成反向，以致使得該平衡位置可在當該活動磁鐵與該固 定磁鐵正好反向時達到。此配置允許使用一單一活動磁鐵及 一單一固定磁鐵。亦可設計成不是環形之滑槽 '導軌或滑桿 43的不同形狀；此外，該固定磁鐵40亦可在該滑桿外部。 在此一範例中，該平衡擺輪3由該擒縱叉20所驅動， 而該擒縱叉20則藉由一擒縱輪（未示於圖）所致動，該擒 縱輪環繞該軸3 00而被連接。該擒縱叉20將該平衡擺輪之 臂延伸出該滑桿4 3外。一磁性擒縱機構亦可被用於本發明 之架構內。 亦可設計成具有若干穩定平衡位置之調整機構的配置。 第12圖顯示本發明之一變化型式實施例，其中該平衡 擺輪3係由一磁鐵3 0所構成或包含一磁鐵3 0，該磁鐵3 0 在一圓筒、一滑槽中或沿一導軌43作線性之移動，該導軌 43之兩個末端可藉由固定磁鐵40而被封閉。該等磁鐵30 與4 0之該等極性被放置成可使得該交互作用磁力可將浮置 於兩個固定磁鐵40間等距處之該活動磁鐵3 0推回，如第1 2 圖所示。該平衡擺輪3被製成爲可藉由一位在導軌43外之 機構及依循經由一機械或磁性連接之該平衡擺輪3的位移而 擺動。 第11圖與第12圖中所示之該平衡擺輪的運動係藉由導 -20 - 1352882* I nails, and these screws make possible imbalances or other sources of disturbance to the operation. In addition, the escapement mechanism allows the balance wheel to swing more deeply, for example a maximum swing of 180°. The geometry of the balance wheel shown in the first, the lb, and the second figures is similar to the shape of the balance wheel of the conventional mechanical adjustment mechanism. However, the use of a magnetic return mechanism envisions a different structure of the balance wheel 3, some of which will be described, particularly as shown in Figures 3 through 13. Figure 3 shows, in a simplified manner, a second embodiment of the adjustment mechanism according to the invention (without the escapement 2), wherein the fixed permanent magnets 40 and the movable permanent magnets 30 are each mounted in opposite directions The magnet is composed of. Thus the resulting magnetic path then comprises two ends of the same polarity. Fig. 4 shows, in a simplified manner, a third embodiment of an adjustment mechanism according to the invention, wherein the fixed permanent magnets 40 are each formed of two oppositely mounted magnets. The resulting magnetized component thus comprises two ends of the same polarity. However, the two movable magnets 30 located on the balance wheel 3 are constructed like the bipolar magnets shown in the first embodiment, and have a horizontal axis having a symmetry as a whole. Fig. 5 shows a fourth embodiment of the invention according to the first drawing in a simplified manner, but in which an additional fixed permanent magnet 47 is placed at the equilibrium position opposite to the movable magnets 30. In the illustrated example, the additional fixed magnets 47 and the movable magnets 30 are attracted to each other at the equilibrium position. The equilibrium position is thus jointly determined by the repulsion of the magnets 30 and 40 and by the attraction of the magnets 30 and 47; however, the effect of the repulsive forces is dominant so that the stability of the balance point can be limited. And allows the system to swing even at a low drive power of -17-1352882 * <. Therefore, the magnetic field generated by the additional fixed magnets 47 is preferably much lower than the magnetic field of the magnets 40. An additional magnet 47 having a reverse magnetic pole to reduce the stability of the balance point can also be designed within the framework of the present invention. The same result can also be obtained by placing an additional permanent magnet on the balance wheel. An additional magnet may also be provided at the end of the stroke or on a bridge or on the balance wheel to attract or repel the balance wheel at this position, and to reduce the oscillation caused by such disturbances. Changes in magnitude. Figure 6 shows, in a simplified manner, a variant embodiment of the adjustment mechanism according to the invention comprising a flat balance balance 3 (needle) pivoted about a central axis 300. The ends of the balance wheel 3 are provided with magnets 30 which are releasable toward the equilibrium position by the fixed magnets 40 mounted on a bridge member (not shown). Although the inertial mass of the balance wheel 3 is greatly reduced in this embodiment, this configuration allows the space required for the adjustment mechanism to be reduced. ® Figure 7 shows a top view of a variant embodiment of an adjustment mechanism according to the invention comprising a flat balance wheel 3 similar to the balance wheel of Figure 6, but encircling an eccentric shaft 3 00 Pivot. In this example, only one end of the balance wheel 3 furthest from the axis 300 is provided with a magnet which is repelled by the two magnets 40 towards the equilibrium position of the figure. In this variant embodiment, the escapement can be achieved by extending the balance wheel 3, wherein one of the pallet fork shapes can be actuated directly by the pallet fork wheel. -18- 1352882 r * In addition to the straight balance wheels (needle or I-shape) of Figures 6 and 7, a balance wheel such as a T-shaped or a Η-shaped balance can be easily envisaged. Figure 8 shows a top view of a sixth embodiment of an adjustment mechanism in accordance with the present invention. The adjustment mechanism is similar to the adjustment mechanism of FIGS. 1 to 2, but includes four movable magnets 30 and four fixed magnets 40. The four movable magnets 30 are distributed on the balance wheel 3 at 90 degrees to each other. The four fixed magnets 40 are distributed at 90° to each other on a bridge (not shown). This configuration particularly shortens the distance between the fixed and the movable magnets while increasing the number of magnets so that the resulting interaction magnetic force and the return torque are both increased. It is also possible to design a configuration with four or more movable magnets and/or four or more fixed magnets. Further, as described above, a magnetized member having a plurality of alternating magnetic polarity bands can also be used. For example, a magnetic field alternating with all or none of the ground (or according to a sinusoidal function) can be written, for example, by a magnetic head on the periphery of the balance wheel and/or on a fixed component attached to the movement. record. Fig. 9 is a plan view showing a modified embodiment of one of the adjustment mechanisms, wherein the number of movable magnets 30 on the balance wheel is smaller than the number of fixed magnets 40. Each movable magnet is thus subjected to a pair of fixed magnets; and each fixed magnet acts only on a single movable magnet. It can also be designed with two fixed magnets and a single movable magnet. The first drawing shows a top view of a variant embodiment of one of the adjustment mechanisms, wherein the number of movable magnets 30 on the balance wheel is greater than the number of fixed magnets 40. Each movable magnet is thus subjected to a single fixed magnet: however, each fixed magnet acts on the two movable magnets. It can also be designed with two movable magnets and a single fixed magnet. -19- 1352882 I » Figure 11 shows a variant embodiment of the invention in which the balance wheel 3 is formed by a movable magnet 30 whose rail is guided by a guide 43 (e.g., a chute) The rod or a rail, in this example a torque chute) is limited. The arrangement of the magnetic poles of the fixed magnet 40 is reversed from the arrangement of the magnetic poles of the movable magnet 30 so that the equilibrium position can be reached when the movable magnet is exactly opposite to the fixed magnet. This configuration allows the use of a single moving magnet and a single fixed magnet. It is also possible to design a different shape of the guide groove or the slide bar 43 which is not a ring groove; in addition, the fixed magnet 40 can also be outside the slide bar. In this example, the balance wheel 3 is driven by the pallet fork 20, and the pallet fork 20 is actuated by an escape wheel (not shown) that surrounds the shaft. 3 00 and was connected. The pallet fork 20 extends the arm of the balance wheel out of the slider 43. A magnetic escapement can also be used within the architecture of the present invention. It can also be designed as an arrangement of adjustment mechanisms with a number of stable equilibrium positions. Figure 12 shows a variant embodiment of the invention in which the balance wheel 3 is formed by a magnet 30 or comprises a magnet 30 in a cylinder, in a chute or along a guide rail For linear movement, the two ends of the guide rail 43 can be closed by the fixed magnet 40. The polarities of the magnets 30 and 40 are placed such that the interacting magnetic force pushes the movable magnet 30 floating equidistant between the two fixed magnets 40, as shown in FIG. . The balance wheel 3 is made to be swingable by a mechanism external to the guide rail 43 and by displacement of the balance wheel 3 via a mechanical or magnetic connection. The movement of the balance wheel shown in Figures 11 and 12 is guided by -20 - 1352882
I 件43予以限制，而該運動在該引導表面變形或擴張之情況下 造成能量之損失及精確度之降低。雖然如此，這些變化型式 之實施例使非傳統解決方案得以被實施以滿足特定之需求。 亦可在本發明架構內設計出在一平面上沿著兩自由度 或甚至三自由度擺動之平衡擺輪。在此情形中必須設置複數 個固定永久磁鐵，以便將該平衡擺輪朝一平衡點推回，其中 一驅動機構致使該平衡擺輪圍繞該平衡點而擺動。然而，一 腕錶中可得之小寬度及製造該擒縱機構之困難度使得這些 ^ 解決方法更加難於應用。 第13圖與第14圖顯示該調整機構之一變化型式實施 例，其包含一由一被安裝於該平衡擺輪3之中心處之盤體所 構成之活動磁.鐵3(^該盤體30具有若干扇區（在該圖解範 例中爲兩個扇區），其配備有交替之磁極性。該固定磁鐵40 被安裝在一平行面內之該活動磁鐵30上方，並亦藉由一配 備有交替極性部分之盤體而予構成。在第13圖所示之該平 衡位置中，該平衡擺輪被定位成可使得該等兩個磁鐵30與 4〇之該等相反極性部分可被正確地疊置。該平衡擺輪主要地 係藉由該兩個磁鐵之相反極性之吸引且次要地藉由該等同 極之排斥而被帶入此位置。該平衡擺輪會環繞此穩定之平衡 位置而擺動，當例如因該擒縱機構（未示於圖）而對其造成 擾亂時。 亦有可能例如藉由使用配備有兩個以上交替極性部分 之磁鐵30與40，或藉由使用一第一平面內之若干固定磁鐵 與一平行面內之若干活動磁鐵，而對第13圖與第14圖中所 -21- 1352882 ft 4 示之配置進行修改。例如該等活動磁鐵亦可置於該平衡擺輪 之周邊且使該等活動磁鐵高於這些位置。亦可使用不同數量 之固定及活動磁鐵，例如可於本發明之架構中安裝該活動磁 鐵30於一位在一上平面上之固定磁鐵（如該等圖式所示） 與一位在一下平行面上之附加固定磁鐵（未示於圖）間。 第15圖係一顯示上述之變化型式調整機構之視圖，其 中該等活動磁鐵30被直接安裝於該擒縱叉20上。固定磁鐵 40將會排斥這些活動磁鐵並使其環繞一平衡位置擺動。該擒 ® 縱叉20本身當作平衡擺輪。儘管可設計出此變化型式之實 施例，然而卻具有對震動較爲敏感之缺點，此乃因爲該擒縱 叉之慣量通常不足以確保一等時之擺動。一具有大慣量之擒 縱叉可被設計出來，但將需要相當大之激發能以使其擺動。 第16圖所示之該變化型式實施例結合了第13圖與第15 圖所示之解決方案的特徵，即一擒縱叉20本身當作平衡擺輪， 且固定及永久磁鐵藉由配備交替極性之疊置盤體而予構成。 普通機械磁鐵具有一與其伸長d成正比之回返力： F = k ' d 當應用一被設計以使一平衡擺輪返回至其穩定靜止位 置之螺旋彈簧時’此力在由該擒縱機構所產生之該平衡擺輪 的激發依循某些限制之際，將可確保一等時之擺動。 然而’當該等磁鐵間之距離增大時，在兩個點狀磁鐵間 之回返力以二次方甚至三次方減小： F = j / d2 ou F Ξ j / d3 -22 - 1352882 « t 當與一傳統之擒縱機構一起使用時，此關係僅在當該等 擺動滿足非常特殊之條件（例如當其幅度係小）時始可確保 一穩定之等時擺動。 第17圖之該變化型式實施例顯示該調整機構之一範 例，其中介於該平衡擺輪之移離（亦即，其相對於其靜止位 置之角距離）與該回返力或扭矩間之比率將依循一不同之關 爲此，當該平衡擺輪從該靜止位置移離一角距離d以便 ^ 可在距此位置一距離處增大該回返力時，該等位在該擺動區 P內之固定磁鐵40的體積會增大。然而，位在該平衡擺輪3 上之該等活動磁鐵30沿該擺動之軌道而具有恆定尺寸。 因此，該擒縱機構（未示於圖）將會使該平衡擺輪逆時 針旋轉，即爲一藉由該磁鐵之排斥而被反向之旋轉。 在第1 7圖所示之範例中，在一平行於該平衡擺輪3之 擺動平面的平面上，該等固定磁鐵40之表面在擺動範圍p 之內係以角距離d3或可能以d8增大。因此，該等固定磁鐵 ® 40具有切月（sectioned moons)之形狀。第19圖中顯示另 一可能之配置，其中該平衡擺輪在該靜止位置之每一側上環 繞該軸3 00而擺動。 第圖中之該等活動磁鐵30在平行於該等固定磁鐵40 之平面的一平面內係沿一圓形軌道而運動。然而，爲了增強 磁性交互作用亦可在兩平行面之間具有該等活動磁鐵旋 轉，其中每一平面配備有一個或多個固定磁鐵40。反之，亦 可提供一平衡擺輪3，其係由若干疊置之板件所組成，該等 -23 - 1352882 板件在同一軸上旋轉且均配備有活動磁鐵30;該等不同之活 動板件隨後由一個或多個承載該等固定磁鐵之橋接件所分 開。其他任何數量之活動磁鐵平面及固定磁鐵之平面的疊置 型式均可被設計出。 其他配置（未示於圖）可修正介於由該等磁鐵30、40 所致之回返力與相對於該靜止位置之該平衡擺輪3的距離或 角距離間之比率。例如，可改變該等活動磁鐵之表面，而不 是改變位在該水平面上之該等固定磁鐵的表面。在另一方 面’亦可沿該平衡擺輪之行程修改該等固定及/或活動磁鐵 之厚度或其磁化強度。此外，這些不同之方式亦可彼此組 合。另亦可在一包含一具有相當大慣量之圓形平衡擺輪之系 統中使用不同體積或磁化強度之磁鐵，及/或使用任意數量 之不同體積或密度之固定及/或活動磁鐵。最後，一根據該 平衡擺輪之角距離而變化之可變回返力亦可以不同尺寸、材 料、磁化強度等之分立磁鐵而被獲致。 第20圖顯示本發明之一變化型式實施例，其中該平衡 擺輪3配備有三個輪幅3 02，其中至少一者係在每一徑向末 端處藉相反之極性而被磁化。因此，僅該輪幅之外部極性藉 由該等固定磁鐵40施加相當大之交互作用，而該等固定磁 鐵4 0係由一沿一向內方向且沿一向外方向極化之磁性環4 0 所構成。此外，該固定磁鐵40之磁化強度較佳地以d3或可 能以d4增強，而該角距離d係相對於該平衡擺輪之靜止位 置d = 0時。藉由該固定磁鐵所產生之磁場密度沿該平衡擺輪 之周邊變化，以便可較佳地確保一相對於該平衡擺輪之角位 -24 - 1352882 置作線性變化之回返力。在一變化型式實施例（未示於圖） 中，該平衡擺輪亦可配備有一周邊磁性環，或在該周邊處配 備有分立磁鐵，其磁化強度沿該周邊而變化。 例如該固定磁鐵之改良磁化強度可藉由一如前所述之 記錄頭將其磁化而達成。在該磁性材料飽和之情況下，有必 要限制該平衡擺輪在一部分內擺動，在此部分中可確保該平 衡擺輪之角位置與該回返力間之期望比率。此外，可設計出 僅磁化一被固接至該平衡擺輪上之磁性路徑，而不磁化整個 ® 平衡擺輪，而該磁性路徑係平行或垂直於該平衡擺輪之平 面。 一附加之固定永久磁鐵47在該最大排斥位置處與該活 動磁鐵30被相對置，以便可防止該平衡擺輪達到或越過此 位置》此磁鐵47當作磁性阻堤以使該平衡擺輪移離一不希 望之平衡位置，但卻不存在機械阻堤會造成擾亂該平衡擺輪 之等時運轉的震動之諸缺點。 在該平衡擺輪之擺動小於1 80°之情況下，將亦可能且甚 ^ 至較佳地設置更靠近該平衡擺輪之運行極限之磁性阻堤47 (未示於圖），例如一 1 〇點鐘之阻堤及一2點鐘之第二阻 堤，以便可在該平衡擺輪達到12點鐘之不希望之不穩定平 衡位置前將其排斥驅逐。 在第20圖之變化型式實施例中，該等永久磁鐵係由一 連續環所構成。然而亦可設計成配置一不連續環，例如配備 一個或多個氣隙或包含若干分立之磁鐵。 在第17圖至第20圖所示之該等變化型式實施例中，該 -25- 1352882 等固定（及/或活動）磁鐵之體積因此沿該平衡擺輪之圓形 軌道連續變化，以便可控制該回返力與該平衡擺輪之角位置 間之比率。 第21圖顯示本發明之一變化型式實施例，其中當移離 該旋轉軸3 00時，該等活動磁鐵30之厚度沿徑向增大，同 時該等固定磁鐵40之厚度減小。亦可採用一可確保該固定 及活動磁鐵間之間隙的反向配置。此外，在厚度上之徑向擴 展亦可與沿該調整機構之周邊變化相結合。該等磁鐵30、40 之厚度的徑向及/或周向變化亦可與第13圖與第14圖中所 示包含疊置磁鐵之該等實施例配合使用。此外，亦可根據至 該中心之距離而改變該等固定及/或活動磁鐵之磁化強度。 第22圖顯示第1圖至第2圖所示並進一步包括複數個 電極44之調整機構的一變化型式實施例，該等電極44之電 性質根據其所經受之電場而變化。該等電極44因此使由該 等活動磁鐵3 0之擺動所產生之旋轉磁場得以被檢測乃至得 以被測量。例如該等電極44可由磁阻電極或藉由霍爾感測 器所構成。其可彼此連接並根據不同拓撲（topologies )經 由導體通路440而放連接至一積體電路46。該電路440使該 平衡擺輪3之幅度及/或該擺動頻率得以被決定。該電路46 可藉由一獨立能源（例如一電池）或一線圈予以供能，該線 圈在該平衡擺輪位移作用下產生一交流電，如下第14圖所 示。因此，可達成一機械錶之運轉的電子修正。 測量該平衡擺輪3之該擺動頻率及/或幅度使得例如在 該運轉頻率中之可能的不規則性得以被檢測出。此資訊可用 -26 - 1352882 於修正該錶之運轉’例如藉由電磁鐵（未示於圖）或其他機 電構件在該平衡擺輪3上施加一修正力偶，以便可修正該等 擺動之幅度及頻率。此資訊亦可用於顯示一運轉結束信號， 以便可用信號通知使用者該錶之運轉已變得不精確。 第23圖顯示調整機構之一變化型式實施例，其中與每 一活動磁鐵30相對置之一線圈45產生一與該磁場成正比之 電流，該磁場係在此磁鐵移近該線圈之過程中所產生。亦可 使用具有用以產生一三相電流系統之兩個反相線圈或三個 ® 線圈的配置。該圖示之線圈產生一大致呈正弦曲線之電流， 其頻率與該平衡擺輪之擺動頻率相對應。此頻率可藉由一電 路46 (例如藉由將其與一由一石英所供給之參考頻率相比 較）而被予測量，以便例如可在不規則頻率及/或修正此頻 率之情況下通知使用者，例如藉由在該線圈45中引入一補 償電流。該電路46可包括一整流器，並可因此藉由該線圈 4 5所產生之電流而自我供能。藉由該線圈所產生之電流亦可 被用以對一電路供能，藉此可爲希望擁有無電池機械錶之使 I用者提供任何功能類型。 上述之調整機構可被用於一自動腕錶機芯或一輔助模 組（例如一計時模組）中，而該輔助模組被設計成疊置於一 主機芯上。 上述之該等不同調整機構均包含至少一活動永久磁鐵 及至少一固定永久磁鐵。然而可在本發明之架構內設計出無 固定永久磁鐵或無活動永久磁鐵之結構。 本發明之該調整機構較佳地係被安裝在一機械機芯 -27 - 1352882 內，較佳地係無電池且被安裝在一錶殼之內，而該錶殼顯示 至少部分該平衡擺輪，此將允許使用者隨時可控制其位移。 【圖式簡單說明】 經由閲讀若干藉附圖所說明之實施例的範例將可更佳 地理解本發明，而該等附圖中： 第la圖係根據本發明之調整機構之一第一實施例的槪 略俯視圖，其中該平衡擺輪位於藉由該等磁鐵所界定之平衡 位置中。 第lb圖係據本發明之調整機構之一第一實施例的槪略 俯視圖，其中該平衡擺輪上配備有若干調整螺釘。 第2圖係根據本發明之該第一實施例之調整機構的剖面 視圖，此範例中包括兩磁性軸承塊及一磁性護罩。 第3圖係根據本發明之調整機構之一變化型式實施例的 俯視圖，其包括固定及活動磁鐵，每一磁鐵係由兩個反向安 裝之雙極性磁鐵所構成。 第4圖係根據本發明之調整機構之一變化型式實施例的 俯視圖，其包括固定及活動磁鐵，每一固定磁鐵係由兩個反 向安裝之雙極性磁鐵所構成，而每一活動磁鐵則係由一單一 雙極性磁鐵所構成》 第5圖係根據本發明之調整機構之一變化型式實施例的 俯視圖，其包括若干用於局部地增強該平衡點之穩定性的附 加磁鐵》 第6圖係根據本發明之調整機構之一變化型式實施例的 俯視圖，其包括一環繞一中心軸而樞轉之平直平衡擺輪。 -28 - 1352882 第7圖係根據本發明之調整機構之一變化型式實施例的 俯視圖，其包括一環繞一偏心軸而樞轉之平直平衡擺輪。 第8圖係根據本發明之調整機構之一變化型式實施例的 俯視圖，其包括四個位於該平衡擺輪上之活動磁鐵及四個固 定磁鐵。 第9圖係根據本發明之調整機構之一變化型式實施例的 俯視圖，其包括兩個位於該平衡擺輪上之活動磁鐵及四個固 定磁鐵。 第10圖係根據本發明之調整機構之一變化型式實施例 的俯視圖，其包括四個位於該平衡擺輪上之活動磁鐵及兩個 固定磁鐵。 第〗1圖係根據本發明之調整機構之一變化型式實施例 的俯視圖，其包括一扭矩元件，其中一活動磁鐵可藉由一固 定磁鐵而被朝向一平衡位置推回。 第〗2圖係根據本發明之調整機構之一變化型式實施例 的俯視圖，其包括一圓筒及一活動磁鐵，該圓筒之末端藉由 兩個固定磁鐵而被封閉，該活動磁鐵則藉由該兩個固定磁鐵 而被推回至一中間位置。 第13圖係根據本發明之調整機構之一變化型式實施例 的透視圖，其中該等活動磁鐵被連接至該平衡擺輪且該等固 定磁鐵在兩個平行之平面上被疊置，並使得該調整機構處於 平衡位置中。 第14圖係第13圖所示之該調整機構的透視圖，其在一 中間位置上擺動。 -29 - 1352882 第15圖係根據本發明之調整機構之一變化型式實施例 的俯視圖，其中該等活動磁鐵被直接安裝在當作平衡擺輪之 該等擒縱叉上。 第16圖係根據本發明之調整機構之一變化型式實施例 的俯視圖，其中該等活動磁鐵被直接安裝在當作平衡擺輪之 該等擒縱叉上，並使得該等固定磁鐵被疊置於位在一平行面 中之該等活動磁鐵上。 第17圖係根據本發明之調整機構之一變化型式實施例 之俯視圖，其中該等固定磁鐵具有一特殊形狀，其設計用於 確保一回返力與該角距離成比例。 第1 8圖係第1 7圖之該調整機構之剖面視圖。 第19圖係根據本發明之調整機構之另一變化型式實施 例的俯視圖，其中該回返力與該角距離成比例》 第2 0圖係調整機構之另一變化型式實施例的俯視圖， 其中該回返力與該角距離成比例，此變化型式使用一磁性 環，其具有一沿著周邊而變化之磁化強度。 第21圖係根據本發明之調整機構之一變化型式實施例 的剖面視圖，其包含若干具有徑向可變寬度之磁鐵。 第2 2圖係根據本發明之調整機構之一變化型式實施例 的俯視圖，其對應於該第一實施例，但其中一感測器及一電 路可決定及/或控制該平衡擺輪之擺動幅度。 第2 3圖係根據本發明之調整機構之一變化型式實施例 的俯視圖，其對應於該第一實施例，但其中一線圈產生一電 流，而該電流之頻率取決於該平衡擺輪之擺動頻率。 -30- 1352882 【主要元件符號說明】 1 調整機構 2 擒縱機構 3 平衡擺輪 20 擒縱叉 30 活動永久磁鐵/不擺動式擒縱機構 3 1 銷 40 固定永久磁鐵The I-part 43 is limited, and the movement causes a loss of energy and a decrease in accuracy in the case where the guiding surface is deformed or expanded. Nonetheless, embodiments of these variations enable non-traditional solutions to be implemented to meet specific needs. It is also possible to design a balance wheel that oscillates along two degrees of freedom or even three degrees of freedom on a plane within the framework of the present invention. In this case, a plurality of fixed permanent magnets must be provided to push the balance wheel back toward a balance point, wherein a drive mechanism causes the balance wheel to swing about the balance point. However, the small width available in a watch and the difficulty in manufacturing the escapement make these ^ solutions more difficult to apply. Figures 13 and 14 show a variant embodiment of the adjustment mechanism comprising a movable magnetic iron 3 formed by a disk body mounted at the center of the balance wheel 3 (^ the disk body) 30 has a plurality of sectors (two sectors in the illustrated example) that are equipped with alternating magnetic polarities. The fixed magnet 40 is mounted over the movable magnet 30 in a parallel plane and is also provided by an The disk body having alternating polarity portions is constructed. In the equilibrium position shown in Fig. 13, the balance wheel is positioned such that the opposite polarity portions of the two magnets 30 and 4〇 can be correctly The balance is mainly brought into the position by the attraction of the opposite polarities of the two magnets and by the repulsive of the equivalent poles. The balance balance surrounds the stable balance. Swinging in position, for example, when the escapement is disturbed by the escapement (not shown). It is also possible, for example, by using magnets 30 and 40 equipped with two or more alternating polar portions, or by using one a plurality of fixed magnets and a flat in the first plane a number of moving magnets in the face, and modifications to the configuration shown in Figures 13 and 1352882 ft 4 in Figures 13 and 14. For example, the moving magnets can also be placed around the balance wheel for such activities. The magnet is higher than these positions. A different number of fixed and movable magnets may be used, for example, the movable magnet 30 may be mounted in a structure of the present invention on a fixed magnet on an upper plane (as shown in the drawings). Between an additional fixed magnet (not shown) on a parallel plane, Fig. 15 is a view showing the above-described variation type adjustment mechanism in which the movable magnets 30 are directly mounted to the pallet fork 20 The fixed magnet 40 will repel the movable magnet and swing it around an equilibrium position. The 擒® longitudinal fork 20 itself acts as a balance wheel. Although this variant embodiment can be designed, it has a vibration comparison. For sensitive shortcomings, this is because the inertia of the pallet fork is usually not enough to ensure an equal oscillation. A pallet with a large inertia can be designed, but a considerable amount of excitation energy will be required to make it The variant embodiment shown in Fig. 16 combines the features of the solution shown in Figs. 13 and 15 in that a pallet fork 20 itself acts as a balance wheel and the fixed and permanent magnets are equipped The alternating magnets are stacked to form a disk. The ordinary mechanical magnet has a return force proportional to its elongation d: F = k ' d When applying a coil spring designed to return a balance wheel to its stable rest position When the force of the balance wheel generated by the escapement follows certain limits, it will ensure an equal oscillation. However, when the distance between the magnets increases, in two The return force between the point magnets is reduced by quadratic or even cubic: F = j / d2 ou F Ξ j / d3 -22 - 1352882 « t When used with a conventional escapement, this relationship is only A stable isochronous oscillation is ensured when the oscillations satisfy very special conditions (e.g., when their amplitude is small). This variant embodiment of Figure 17 shows an example of the adjustment mechanism in which the ratio of the separation of the balance wheel (i.e., its angular distance relative to its rest position) to the return force or torque To this end, when the balance wheel is moved away from the rest position by an angular distance d so that the return force can be increased at a distance from the position, the equipotential position is within the swing region P. The volume of the fixed magnet 40 is increased. However, the movable magnets 30 located on the balance wheel 3 have a constant size along the track of the swing. Therefore, the escapement mechanism (not shown) will cause the balance wheel to rotate counterclockwise, i.e., reversely rotated by the repulsive force of the magnet. In the example shown in Fig. 17, in a plane parallel to the plane of oscillation of the balance wheel 3, the surface of the fixed magnets 40 is angularly d3 or may be increased by d8 within the swing range p. Big. Therefore, the fixed magnets ® 40 have the shape of a sectioned moons. Another possible configuration is shown in Fig. 19, wherein the balance wheel swings about the axis 300 on each side of the rest position. The movable magnets 30 in the figure move in a circular orbit along a plane parallel to the plane of the fixed magnets 40. However, in order to enhance the magnetic interaction, the movable magnets may be rotated between the two parallel faces, wherein each plane is provided with one or more fixed magnets 40. Conversely, a balance wheel 3 can also be provided, which is composed of a plurality of stacked plates, which are rotated on the same axis and are each equipped with a movable magnet 30; the different movable plates The piece is then separated by one or more bridges carrying the fixed magnets. Any other number of movable magnet planes and overlapping planes of fixed magnets can be designed. Other configurations (not shown) correct the ratio between the return force caused by the magnets 30, 40 and the distance or angular distance of the balance wheel 3 relative to the rest position. For example, the surface of the moving magnets can be changed instead of changing the surface of the stationary magnets located on the horizontal surface. On the other side, the thickness of the fixed and/or movable magnets or their magnetization can also be modified along the stroke of the balance wheel. In addition, these different ways can also be combined with each other. Alternatively, magnets of different volumes or magnetizations may be used in a system comprising a circular balance having a relatively large inertia, and/or any number of fixed and/or movable magnets of different volumes or densities may be used. Finally, a variable return force that varies according to the angular distance of the balance wheel can also be obtained by discrete magnets of different sizes, materials, magnetizations, and the like. Figure 20 shows a variant embodiment of the invention in which the balance wheel 3 is provided with three spokes 03, at least one of which is magnetized by the opposite polarity at each radial end. Therefore, only the outer polarity of the spoke is subjected to a considerable interaction by the fixed magnets 40, and the fixed magnets 40 are surrounded by a magnetic ring 40 that is polarized in an inward direction and in an outward direction. Composition. Further, the magnetization of the fixed magnet 40 is preferably enhanced by d3 or possibly by d4, and the angular distance d is relative to the rest position of the balance wheel d = 0. The density of the magnetic field generated by the fixed magnet varies along the periphery of the balance wheel so that a reciprocating force that linearly changes with respect to the angular position -24 - 1352882 of the balance wheel can be preferably ensured. In a variant embodiment (not shown), the balance wheel can also be provided with a peripheral magnetic ring or with a discrete magnet at the periphery, the magnetization of which varies along the circumference. For example, the improved magnetization of the fixed magnet can be achieved by magnetizing a recording head as described above. In the case where the magnetic material is saturated, it is necessary to limit the balance of the balance to oscillate in a portion, in which the desired ratio between the angular position of the balance and the return force is ensured. In addition, it is possible to design a magnetic path that is only magnetized to the balance wheel without magnetizing the entire ® balance wheel, which is parallel or perpendicular to the plane of the balance wheel. An additional fixed permanent magnet 47 is opposed to the movable magnet 30 at the maximum repelling position so as to prevent the balance wheel from reaching or past the position. The magnet 47 acts as a magnetic barrier to move the balance wheel An undesired equilibrium position, but the absence of a mechanical baffle can cause disturbances that disturb the isochronous operation of the balance wheel. In the case where the balance of the balance is less than 180°, it is possible and even better to provide a magnetic barrier 47 (not shown) closer to the operating limit of the balance, such as a The baffle of the hour and the second baffle at 2 o'clock allow the balance to be repelled before it reaches the undesired unstable equilibrium position of 12 o'clock. In a variant embodiment of Fig. 20, the permanent magnets are formed by a continuous loop. However, it is also possible to design a discontinuous ring, for example with one or more air gaps or with several discrete magnets. In the variant embodiment shown in Figures 17 to 20, the volume of the fixed (and/or movable) magnet such as -25352882 is continuously varied along the circular orbit of the balance wheel so that The ratio of the return force to the angular position of the balance wheel is controlled. Fig. 21 shows a variant embodiment of the invention in which the thickness of the movable magnets 30 increases radially as it moves away from the axis of rotation 300, while the thickness of the fixed magnets 40 decreases. A reverse configuration that ensures the gap between the fixed and moving magnets can also be used. In addition, the radial extent in thickness can also be combined with variations along the perimeter of the adjustment mechanism. The radial and/or circumferential variations in the thickness of the magnets 30, 40 can also be used in conjunction with the embodiments including the stacked magnets shown in Figures 13 and 14. In addition, the magnetization of the fixed and/or moving magnets can be varied depending on the distance to the center. Fig. 22 shows a variant embodiment of the adjustment mechanism shown in Figs. 1 to 2 and further comprising a plurality of electrodes 44 whose electrical properties vary depending on the electric field they are subjected to. The electrodes 44 thus cause the rotating magnetic field generated by the oscillation of the movable magnets 30 to be detected or even measured. For example, the electrodes 44 may be formed by a magnetoresistive electrode or by a Hall sensor. They may be connected to each other and connected to an integrated circuit 46 via conductor vias 440 according to different topologies. The circuit 440 allows the amplitude of the balance wheel 3 and/or the frequency of the oscillation to be determined. The circuit 46 can be powered by an independent energy source (e.g., a battery) or a coil that produces an alternating current under the displacement of the balance wheel, as shown in Figure 14 below. Therefore, an electronic correction of the operation of a mechanical watch can be achieved. The oscillation frequency and/or amplitude of the balance wheel 3 is measured such that, for example, possible irregularities in the operating frequency are detected. This information can be used to modify the operation of the table -26 - 1352882 ', for example, by applying an electromagnet (not shown) or other electromechanical components to the balance wheel 3 to correct the amplitude of the oscillations and frequency. This information can also be used to display an end of run signal so that the user can be signaled that the operation of the watch has become inaccurate. Figure 23 shows a variant embodiment of the adjustment mechanism in which a coil 45 opposite each movable magnet 30 produces a current proportional to the magnetic field that is in the process of moving the magnet closer to the coil. produce. A configuration with two inverting coils or three ® coils for generating a three-phase current system can also be used. The illustrated coil produces a substantially sinusoidal current having a frequency corresponding to the oscillation frequency of the balance. This frequency can be measured by a circuit 46 (e.g., by comparing it to a reference frequency supplied by a quartz) to, for example, notify the use of irregular frequencies and/or correcting the frequency. For example, a compensation current is introduced in the coil 45. The circuit 46 can include a rectifier and can thus be self-powered by the current generated by the coil 45. The current generated by the coil can also be used to power a circuit, thereby providing any type of functionality for those wishing to have a battery-free mechanical watch. The adjustment mechanism described above can be used in an automatic watch movement or an auxiliary mold set (e.g., a timing module) that is designed to be stacked on a main core. Each of the different adjustment mechanisms described above includes at least one movable permanent magnet and at least one fixed permanent magnet. However, a structure without a fixed permanent magnet or a non-active permanent magnet can be designed within the framework of the present invention. The adjustment mechanism of the present invention is preferably mounted in a mechanical movement -27 - 1352882, preferably without a battery and mounted within a watch case, the case showing at least a portion of the balance wheel This will allow the user to control their displacement at any time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be better understood by reading examples of embodiments illustrated by the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a first embodiment of an adjustment mechanism in accordance with the present invention. A schematic top view of an example in which the balance wheel is located in an equilibrium position defined by the magnets. Figure lb is a schematic top plan view of a first embodiment of an adjustment mechanism in accordance with the present invention, wherein the balance wheel is provided with a plurality of adjustment screws. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the adjustment mechanism of the first embodiment of the present invention, which includes two magnetic bearing blocks and a magnetic shield. Figure 3 is a top plan view of a variant embodiment of an adjustment mechanism in accordance with the present invention comprising fixed and movable magnets, each magnet being constructed of two oppositely mounted bipolar magnets. Figure 4 is a plan view of a variant embodiment of an adjustment mechanism according to the present invention comprising fixed and movable magnets, each fixed magnet being constructed of two oppositely mounted bipolar magnets, and each movable magnet Illustrated by a single bipolar magnet. Figure 5 is a plan view of a variant embodiment of an adjustment mechanism according to the present invention comprising a plurality of additional magnets for locally enhancing the stability of the balance point. The figure is a top view of a variant embodiment of an adjustment mechanism according to the invention comprising a flat balance wheel pivoted about a central axis. -28 - 1352882 Figure 7 is a top plan view of a variant embodiment of an adjustment mechanism in accordance with the present invention including a flat balance wheel pivoted about an eccentric shaft. Figure 8 is a top plan view of a variant embodiment of an adjustment mechanism in accordance with the present invention comprising four movable magnets and four fixed magnets on the balance wheel. Figure 9 is a top plan view of a variant embodiment of an adjustment mechanism in accordance with the present invention comprising two movable magnets and four fixed magnets on the balance wheel. Figure 10 is a top plan view of a variant embodiment of an adjustment mechanism in accordance with the present invention comprising four movable magnets and two stationary magnets on the balance wheel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a plan view of a variant embodiment of an adjustment mechanism in accordance with the present invention including a torque element in which a movable magnet can be pushed back toward an equilibrium position by a fixed magnet. Figure 2 is a plan view of a variant embodiment of an adjustment mechanism according to the present invention comprising a cylinder and a movable magnet, the end of the cylinder being closed by two fixed magnets, the movable magnet being The two fixed magnets are pushed back to an intermediate position. Figure 13 is a perspective view of a variant embodiment of an adjustment mechanism in accordance with the present invention, wherein the movable magnets are coupled to the balance wheel and the fixed magnets are stacked on two parallel planes and The adjustment mechanism is in an equilibrium position. Figure 14 is a perspective view of the adjustment mechanism shown in Figure 13 which is swung in an intermediate position. -29 - 1352882 Fig. 15 is a plan view of a variant embodiment of an adjustment mechanism according to the invention, wherein the movable magnets are mounted directly on the pallets which act as balance wheels. Figure 16 is a plan view of a variant embodiment of an adjustment mechanism in accordance with the present invention, wherein the movable magnets are mounted directly on the pallets that act as balance wheels, and such fixed magnets are stacked Placed on the moving magnets in a parallel plane. Figure 17 is a plan view of a variant embodiment of an adjustment mechanism in accordance with the present invention wherein the stationary magnets have a special shape designed to ensure that a return force is proportional to the angular distance. Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view of the adjustment mechanism of Figure 17. Figure 19 is a plan view of another variation of the embodiment of the adjustment mechanism of the present invention, wherein the return force is proportional to the angular distance. Figure 20 is a plan view of another variation of the embodiment of the adjustment mechanism, wherein The return force is proportional to the angular distance. This variation uses a magnetic ring that has a magnetization that varies along the perimeter. Figure 21 is a cross-sectional view of a variant embodiment of an adjustment mechanism in accordance with the present invention comprising a plurality of magnets having a radially variable width. 2 is a top view of a variant embodiment of an adjustment mechanism according to the present invention, which corresponds to the first embodiment, but wherein a sensor and a circuit can determine and/or control the swing of the balance wheel Amplitude. Figure 2 is a plan view of a variant embodiment of an adjustment mechanism according to the present invention, which corresponds to the first embodiment, but wherein a coil generates a current, and the frequency of the current depends on the oscillation of the balance wheel frequency. -30- 1352882 [Description of main component symbols] 1 Adjustment mechanism 2 Escapement mechanism 3 Balance balance 20 Pitch fork 30 Active permanent magnet / non-swinging escapement 3 1 Pin 40 Fixed permanent magnet
4 1 上橋接件 42 下橋接件 43 導件 44 電極 4 5 線圈 46 積體電路 47 固定永久磁鐵 200 紅寶石擒縱叉瓦 202 叉 210 擒縱輪/阻堤 3 00 軸 301 螺釘 3 02 輪幅 4 10 軸承塊 420 軸承塊 440 導體通路 -31 1352882 3 00 1 上末端 3 002 下末端 4 100 容室 4200 容室4 1 Upper bridge 42 Lower bridge 43 Guide 44 Electrode 4 5 Coil 46 Integrated circuit 47 Fixed permanent magnet 200 Ruby pallet fork 202 Fork escape wheel / barrier 3 00 Shaft 301 Screw 3 02 Spoke 4 10 bearing block 420 bearing block 440 conductor path -31 1352882 3 00 1 upper end 3 002 lower end 4 100 chamber 4200 chamber