1352687 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本創作係關於一種利用微波激發水分子，促使蒸汽與一氧化 碳、曱烷、甲醇、乙醇或合成氣等碳氫化合物反應，以產生氫氣 的裝置與方法，尤指微波反應器的設計及利用微波作用，而可在 極短的反應器啟動、加熱時間及較小的反應空間下進行水氣轉移 反應或蒸汽重組反應，進而快速產生氫氣。 【先前技術】 按，在能源方面，雖然目前化石燃料如石油、天然氣及煤等 仍是燃料使用的主流，且佔能源市場交易的九成左右。但自1970 年代發生兩次能源危機以來，已使我們得知石油等化石燃料的供 應及價格深受國際政治情勢的影響◎再者，近年來所呈現的統計 數字顯示，石油與天然氣的蕴·藏量正快速地減少，全球石油巍藏 量約可維持40年使用量，天然氣則約66年。因此，替代燃料的 開發以取代石油及天然氣已成為能源發展極重要的議題。 又，眾所周知，石油、天然氣及煤等化石燃料的使用以燃燒 為主，其將產生大量的空氣污染物及二氧化碳，後者大量釋放至 大氣中將產生溫室效應。近年來由於全球溫暖化現象日趨嚴重， 自聯合國1992年6月在巴西里約召開「地球高峰會議」，並簽署 了「氣候變化綱要公約（FCCC)」以來，抑制地球的增溫現象及溫 室氣體減量已成為國際間重要的議題。例如1997年12月於曰本 京都召開的第三次締約國大會（COP-3)並簽訂「京都議定書（Kyoto protocol)」，其即明確規範工業國家溫室氣體的減量目標。2005 年2月16日京都議定書正式生效後，其不僅對128個批准議定書 的國家與地區具有法律效力，對於尚未批准議定書的國家也造成 強烈壓力。 5 1352687 為了尋找替代燃料以取代化石燃料並降低全球暖化現象，由 於氫氣可自水、生質物（biomass )或其他碳氫化合物生成，加之 氫氣使用後不會排放溫室氣體，主要產物是水，因此近年來氫能 的發展及氫經濟（hydrogen economy )的推廣已成為眾所矚目的焦 點。事實上，氫氣向來是工業界重要的生產原料，例如過去以來， 在觸媒的作用下，氫氣可以與氮氣反應，以廣泛應用在氨氣的合 成，並進一步製造肥料。氫氣也可與二氧化碳進行反應，以合成 曱醇，做為燃料或其他化工原料。另一方面，在石油化學工業中， 氫氣更是加氫脫硫與重油裂解反應必要的反應物。此外，液態氫 也被用於電廠，以做為大型發電機之冷卻劑。至於太空計晝，氫 氣亦扮演重要角色，其已是太空梭及火箭重要的推進劑之一。 氫能或氫工業發展的首要工作為氫氣的生產。關於氫氣的產 生，其方法甚為多樣化，主要可分成：（1)熱處理技術；（2) 電化學反應；（3)生物產氫；及（4)光電化學反應等。雖然有 上述的各種產氫方法，但由於電化學反應在電解水的過程中會造 成額外能量損失而過於耗能，生物產氫的速度較慢且微生物馴養 技術複雜，而光電化學反應的效率較低且材料開發有待技術突破 之故，因此，目前實際應用上，氫氣的生產乃以熱處理技術為主 流。 關於熱處理技術產生氫氣方面，其方法包含有水氣轉移 (water gas shift )、蒸汽重組（steam reforming )、氣化（gasification ) 及裂解（pyrolysis)反應等；而在燃料方面，則可使用生質物、曱 醇、乙醇、天然氣、石油、煤炭及石油焦等。傳統上來說，為達 氫氣生成之目的，往往需藉由燃燒或電熱方式提供熱源以觸發上 述的產氫反應。然而，以燃燒方式加熱較不易控制反應溫度，以 電熱方式，當啟動反應器或爐體使其溫度由常溫升至高溫或反應 溫度時，往往需要一段較長的加熱時間，且需要較大的加熱空間， 因而造成能源的額外耗損、產氫反應時間上的浪費及較大的空間 6 1352687 成本。 【發明内容】 有鑑於上述問題，發明人乃研究出一種「微波產生氫氣的裝 置與方法（An apparatus and method of hydrogen generation by microwave)」，利用微波可快速地直接從物質内部加熱，而非傳 統輻射熱傳導從外熱傳加熱物質之機制，因而可在極短的反應器 啟動及加熱時間下進行水氣轉移反應或蒸汽重組反應，以產生氫 氣。具體而言，傳統加熱如欲達到設定的反應溫度目標，往往需 要數十分鐘，而微波加熱方式則在數十秒或數分鐘内即可達到高 溫環境，其所需的加熱時間可減少數倍，甚至數十倍。此外，裝 設微波反應器所需空間甚小，因而以微波產生氫氣可達到乾淨能 源、減輕環境負擔、節省空間及降低製程時間等諸多效益。 為了達成上述目的之技術内容，係提供一種微波產生氫氣的 裝置，其包含： 一進料元件，元件構造為三道入口，一入口具有讓反應氣體 如一氧化碳、天然氣或合成氣進入反應管之功能，另一入口可讓 液體如水、甲醇或乙醇進入反應管，最後一入口則可讓熱感應器 進入反應管，以偵測反應溫度； 一微波加熱器，具有磁控管、艙體及外殼，磁控管可產生微 波並使微波散佈在整個加熱器的艙體内，加熱器外殼為金屬·材 質，可將微波包封在艙體内以避免微波外洩； 一微波控制箱，具有熱感應器、溫度設定器、功率控制器、 功率顯示器及電源開關，熱感應器可偵測反應溫度，溫度設定器 可設定反應溫度，功率控制器將依據熱感應器所測得的溫度訊號 進行功率調整，以加熱反應物至設定的反應溫度，同時將輸出的 功率顯示在功率顯示器上，電源開關則可控制加熱系統的電源； 一反應管，具有使反應物進行反應之功能，反應管内具有支 7 1352687 撐物支撐物上可充填觸媒及蓄熱材料，同時可放置熱感應器以 偵測反應溫度； 一出口元件，具有排氣管，可將產氣排出反應系統，以進行 後續氣體收集及分析。 藉此a又S十與裝置，而可在極短加熱時間内誘發水氣轉移反應 或蒸汽重組反應，以產生氫氣作為工業上或燃料電池使用。 【實施方式】 本發明裝置方法請參閱如圖丨所示之微波加熱反應裝置作為 • 優選的貫知例結構，其可在極短的加熱時間及甚小的加熱空間内 產生氫氣’該微波加熱反應裝置包括： 一進料元件（10) ’其為三道入口構造，具有氣體入口（11)、 液體入口（12)及熱感應器入口（13)，三道入口處可纏繞封口 . 帶’以避免管口接縫處發生漏氣現象，進料元件（1〇)下方有上 - 套環（14) ’材質可為金屬，以避免微波外洩； 一微波加熱器（20) ’具有磁控管（21)、艙體（22)及外 殼（23)，磁控管（21)在高電壓作用下可產生微波，而後微波 將散佈在整個加熱器艙體（22)内，外殼（23)為一金屬材質， • 可將微波包封在艙體（22)内，以避免微波外洩，造成危害； 一微波控制箱（30) ’具有熱感應器（31)、溫度設定器（32)、 功率控制器（33 )、功率顯示器（34 )及電源開關（35 )，熱感 應器（31)可為熱電偶，熱感應器（31)可偵測反應溫度並將溫 度轉換成電子訊號（36)，之後電子訊號（36)被送至微波控制 箱（30)，溫度設定器（32)可設定反應溫度，功率控制器（33) 將依據熱感應器（31)所測得的溫度訊號進行功率調整，以加熱 反應物至設定的反應溫度，同時將輸出的功率顯示在功率顯示器 (34)上，電源開關（35)則可控制加熱系統的電源； 一反應管（40)，其為一圓柱形管，反應管（40)可為玻璃 8 1352687 官或石英管’反應管（40)内置有支撐物（41)，支撐物（41) 可為陶瓷材料或高溫棉，支撐物（41 )上方為觸媒床（42 ),觸 媒床（42)内可放置熱感應器（31)以偵測反應溫度，觸媒床（42) 上方可放置蓄熱介質（43) ’蓄熱介質（43)可為玻璃球或高溫 棉’反應管（40)可置於微波加熱器（20)内，當反應管（4〇) 暴路於微波環境中’將可使反應物在觸媒床（42)中進行反應； 一出口元件（50) ’具有下套環（51)及排氣導管（52)， 下套環（51)材質可為金屬，以避免微波外洩，排氣管（52)可 將產氣排出反應系統，以進行後續氣體收集及分析。 本發明方法的技術内容，請配合參看圖2所示，首先開啟氣 體（61)，使氣體（61)流入氣體導管（62)中，並調整氣體流 量計（63) ’使氣體（61 )以固定流量的方式流至進料元件（1〇) 的氣體入口（11)❶同樣地’將液體（71)送入液體導管（72) 中，並調整液體流量計（73)，使液體（71)以固定流量的方式 流至進料元件（10)的液體入口（ 12)。之後，開啟微波控制箱 (30)的電源開關（35) ’調整溫度設定器（32)至所需的反應 溫度’以使微波放射至艙體（22)中。氣體（61)與液體（71) 將以同方向流動且固定質量流率比例的方式同時被送至反應管 (40)内的蓄熱介質（43)。藉由熱感應器（31)偵測反應溫度 及功率控制器（33 )的運轉，反應管（4〇 )將維持定溫狀態。在 微波作用下，液體（71)將在蓄熱介質（43)内急速受熱而成為 氣態並與氣體（61)均勻混合，而後進一步流入觸媒床（42)。 在微波及觸媒作用下，產氫反應將被激發，進而將氣體（61)或 液體（71)轉化成氫氣。反應後的產氣將流入排氣導管（52)， 並進一步導入冷凝器（81)内’以去除產氣中的水氣，而後再將 產氣導入乾燥器（82)内，以完全去除水氣並保護後續之分析儀 器。接著，產氣將被並導入氣體分析儀（83)及氣相層析儀（84)， 以偵測及分析一氧化碳（CO)、二氧化碳（c〇2)、氫氣（H2) 及甲烷（CH4)之濃度，進而得知水氣轉移反應或蒸汽重組反應及 9 1352687 氫氣產生之成效。 本發明可藉由以下實施例被進一步瞭解，該實施例僅做為說 明之用，而非用於限制本發明範圍。 實施例1 在實施例1中乃以本微波裝置進行水氣轉移反應，藉由蒸汽 與一氧化碳反應以產生氫氣。在操作參數方面，蒸汽與一氧化碳 在反應管内的體積流率固定為8 : 1，上述反應物在觸媒床内的停 留時間則固定為0.32秒。本水氣轉移反應中所使用的催化劑為顆 粒狀觸媒，該觸媒的主要成分如圖3所示，由圖3可知其成分以 氧化鐵及氧化鉻為主，其乃屬於高溫水氣轉移反應觸媒。該觸媒 經電子顯微鏡（SEM)放大200倍之外觀則如圖4所示，由圖4 可看出觸媒表面為多孔結構，該孔隙其具有活性，當反應物流經 該活性表面時’其將促進水氣轉移反應的發生。 配合參看圖5，其為在上述操作條件及本發明微波裝置運轉 下，水氣轉移反應後H2 ' C02與CO之濃度分佈圖，其中微波裝 置所控制的反應溫度範圍介於350°C至550°C之間。由圖5可看 出’當反應溫度為350°C時’ H2與C02即已產生；此外，隨著反 應溫度的增加，C〇2與H2的濃度漸漸上升，反之，c〇的濃度漸 漸下降。此說明在本發明裝置作用下，確實可激發水氣轉移反應 的發生’且溫度越高水氣轉移反應或產氫的效果越好。圖6所示 則為經分析後，CO轉化率隨溫度變化之分佈圖，前述c〇轉化率 可作為水氣轉移反應或產氫效果的量化指標。由圖中可得知，當 反應溫度為350°C時，CO轉化率約為69%，而後，隨反應溫度的 升高，CO轉化率幾乎直線上升’當反應溫度為達550。(：時，CO 轉化率約為97%〇此說明在微波作用下且操作溫度為550°C時，水 氣轉移反應已達十分理想的反應效果。 1352687 實施例2 在實施例2則以本微波裝置進行蒸汽重組反應，藉由蒸汽與 甲醇反應以產生氫氣。在操作參數方面，甲醇與水以體積1 : 1之 方式先行混合，而後以0.8856 cc/min的體積流率送至進料元件。 在此同時，氮氣以500 cc/min的體積流率送至進料元件’氮氣作 用乃作為攜行氣體，以協助甲醇與水在反應管的流動。本蒸汽重 組反應中所使用的催化劑乃屬於鎳系顆粒觸媒，以促進蒸汽重組 反應。 配合參看圖7,其為在上述操作條件及本發明微波裝置運轉 下，曱醇與水經蒸汽重組反應後，H2、C02、CO及CH4的濃度分 佈圖之濃度分佈圖，其中微波裝置所控制的反應溫度範圍介於200 °C至400°C之間。圖中可看出當反應溫度為200°C時，H2即已大量 產生，此時濃度約32%，其次為C02的15.5%，CO濃度為1.8%， 而CH4濃度則為0%。隨著反應溫度的升高，氫氣濃度的變化不大， C02的濃度略為下降，而CO濃度則緩步上升，至於CH4濃度則大 幅上升。當反應溫度為400°C時，CH4的濃度約為180ppm，但相 較於H2、C02及CO，其濃度仍然甚低，由此可得知溫度對蒸汽重 組反應之影響。圖8所示則為依據前述產氣濃度分析後，甲醇轉 化率隨溫度變化之分佈圖，曱醇轉化率之數值越高，代表甲醇的 反應越好，因而可作為蒸汽重組反應的量化指標。由圖8可知， 當反應溫度為200°C時，曱醇轉化率約為64%，而後，隨反應溫度 的升高，曱醇轉化率也逐步上升；當反應溫度為達400°C時，甲醇 轉化率約為77%。以上結果說明在本創作裝置作用下，也可進行 蒸汽重組反應，以將甲醇與水反應，進而產生成氫氣。 综上所述，本發明「微波產生氫氣的裝置與方法」，藉由自行 設計及架設之微波加熱裝置，可以在甚短的反應器啟動時間，且 1352687 在較j、的反應空間内進行水氣轉移反應或蒸汽重組反應，以 >飞或其他碳氫化合物轉化成氫氣，該裝置特別適合於以水為反應 物或有水氣存在的反應環境中，因而在產氫的過程達到乾淨能 源、減輕環境負擔、節省空間及降低製程時間等諸多效益，亦即， 本發明方法係利用自然法則技術思想之高度創作，符合發明專利 要件，爰依法倶文提出申請。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1為本發明之微波加熱反應裝置（代表圖）。 圖2為本發明方法之氫氣產生示意圖。 圖3為實施本發明方法，水氣轉移反應所使用觸媒之主要成分。 圖4為實施本發明方法，水氣轉移反應所使用觸媒經電子顯微鏡 放大後之表面結構圖。 圖5為實施本發明方法，經水氣轉移反應後Ha、C02與CO濃度 分佈圖。 圖6為^施本發明方法，經水氣轉移反應後C0轉化率分佈圖。 圖7為實施本發明方法，經蒸汽重組反應後H2、C02、C0與Ch4 濃度分佈圖。 μ 圖8為實施本發明方法，經蒸汽重組反應後曱醇轉化率分佈圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 (1 )微波加熱反應裝置 (10) 進料元件 (12)液體入口 (14)上套環 (22)艙體 (11) 氣體入口 (13)熱感應器入 (20) 微波加熱器 (21) 磁控管 (23)外殼 (30)微波控制箱 12 1352687 » (31)熱感應器 (33)功率控制器 (35)電源開關 (40) 反應管 (41) 支撐物 (43)蓄熱介質 (50) 出口元件 (51) 下套環 (61)氣體 (63)氣體流量計 (71)液體 (73)液體流量計 (81)冷凝器 (83)氣體分析儀 (32)溫度設定器 (34 )功率顯示器 (36)電子訊號 (42)觸媒床 (52)排氣導管 (62)氣體導管 (72)液體導管 (82)乾燥器 (84)氣相層析儀 131352687 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] The present invention relates to a device for exciting water molecules by using microwaves to cause steam to react with hydrocarbons such as carbon monoxide, decane, methanol, ethanol or syngas to generate hydrogen gas. The method, in particular, the design of the microwave reactor and the use of microwave action, can perform water gas shift reaction or steam recombination reaction in a very short reactor start-up, heating time and a small reaction space, thereby rapidly generating hydrogen. [Prior Art] According to energy, although fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas and coal are still the mainstream of fuel use, they account for about 90% of the energy market transactions. However, since the two energy crises in the 1970s, we have learned that the supply and price of fossil fuels such as oil are deeply affected by international political situation. ◎ Moreover, the statistics presented in recent years show that oil and natural gas The amount of reserves is rapidly decreasing, the global oil reserves can be maintained for about 40 years, and the natural gas is about 66 years. Therefore, the replacement of oil and natural gas by the development of alternative fuels has become an extremely important issue in energy development. Moreover, it is well known that the use of fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas and coal is dominated by combustion, which will produce large amounts of air pollutants and carbon dioxide, which will be released into the atmosphere in a large amount. In recent years, due to the increasing global warming, since the United Nations held the "Earth Summit" in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil in June 1992 and signed the "FCCC", it has suppressed the warming of the earth and greenhouse gases. Reduction has become an important issue at the international level. For example, in December 1997, the third meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP-3) was held in Kyoto, and the “Kyoto protocol” was signed, which clearly defined the greenhouse gas reduction target for industrial countries. After the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol on February 16, 2005, it not only had legal effect on 128 countries and regions that ratified the Protocol, but also exerted strong pressure on countries that had not yet ratified the Protocol. 5 1352687 In order to find alternative fuels to replace fossil fuels and reduce global warming, hydrogen can be produced from water, biomass or other hydrocarbons, and hydrogen will not emit greenhouse gases after use. The main product is water. Therefore, the development of hydrogen energy and the promotion of hydrogen economy have become the focus of attention in recent years. In fact, hydrogen has always been an important raw material for industrial production. For example, in the past, under the action of a catalyst, hydrogen can react with nitrogen to be widely used in the synthesis of ammonia gas and further to manufacture fertilizer. Hydrogen can also react with carbon dioxide to synthesize sterols as fuel or other chemical materials. On the other hand, in the petrochemical industry, hydrogen is a necessary reactant for hydrodesulfurization and heavy oil cracking reactions. In addition, liquid hydrogen is also used in power plants as a coolant for large generators. As for spacecraft, hydrogen also plays an important role, and it is already one of the important propellants for space shuttles and rockets. The primary task in the development of hydrogen or hydrogen industry is the production of hydrogen. Regarding the generation of hydrogen, the methods are diversified and can be mainly divided into: (1) heat treatment technology; (2) electrochemical reaction; (3) biological hydrogen production; and (4) photoelectrochemical reaction. Although there are various hydrogen production methods mentioned above, since the electrochemical reaction causes excessive energy loss in the process of electrolyzing water and is too energy-intensive, the rate of hydrogen production by microorganisms is slow and the microbial domestication technology is complicated, and the efficiency of photoelectrochemical reaction is relatively high. Low and material development is subject to technological breakthroughs. Therefore, in practical applications, hydrogen production is dominated by heat treatment technology. Regarding the heat treatment technology for generating hydrogen, the method includes water gas shift, steam reforming, gasification, and pyrolysis reaction; and in terms of fuel, biomass can be used. , sterols, ethanol, natural gas, petroleum, coal and petroleum coke. Traditionally, for the purpose of hydrogen generation, it is often necessary to provide a heat source by combustion or electrothermal to trigger the hydrogen production reaction described above. However, it is difficult to control the reaction temperature by heating in a combustion mode. When the reactor or the furnace body is started to raise its temperature from a normal temperature to a high temperature or a reaction temperature, a long heating time is required, and a large heating time is required. Heating the space, resulting in additional energy consumption, waste of hydrogen production reaction time and a large space of 6 1352687. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above problems, the inventors have developed an "An apparatus and method of hydrogen generation by microwave", which can rapidly and directly heat from the inside of a substance using microwaves instead of the conventional one. The radiant heat conducts the mechanism of heating the material from the outside heat, so that a water gas shift reaction or a steam recombination reaction can be performed at a very short reactor start-up and heating time to generate hydrogen gas. Specifically, conventional heating, in order to achieve a set reaction temperature target, often takes tens of minutes, while microwave heating can reach a high temperature environment in tens of seconds or minutes, and the required heating time can be reduced several times. Even dozens of times. In addition, the space required to install the microwave reactor is very small, so that the generation of hydrogen by microwave can achieve many benefits such as clean energy, environmental burden, space saving and process time reduction. In order to achieve the technical object of the above object, a microwave generating apparatus for microwaves is provided, comprising: a feeding element configured as three inlets, and an inlet having a function of allowing a reaction gas such as carbon monoxide, natural gas or syngas to enter the reaction tube The other inlet allows a liquid such as water, methanol or ethanol to enter the reaction tube, and the last inlet allows the thermal sensor to enter the reaction tube to detect the reaction temperature; a microwave heater having a magnetron, a body and an outer casing, The magnetron can generate microwaves and distribute the microwaves in the cabin of the heater. The heater shell is made of metal and material, and the microwave can be enclosed in the cabin to avoid microwave leakage. A microwave control box has thermal induction. Device, temperature setter, power controller, power display and power switch, the heat sensor can detect the reaction temperature, the temperature setter can set the reaction temperature, and the power controller will adjust the power according to the temperature signal measured by the thermal sensor. To heat the reactants to the set reaction temperature while displaying the output power on the power display, the power switch The power supply of the heating system can be controlled; a reaction tube has the function of reacting the reactants, and the reaction tube has a branch 7 1352687. The support can be filled with a catalyst and a heat storage material, and a heat sensor can be placed to detect the reaction temperature. An outlet component with an exhaust pipe that exhausts the gas from the reaction system for subsequent gas collection and analysis. By this means, a device can be used to induce a water gas shift reaction or a steam recombination reaction in a very short heating time to generate hydrogen gas for industrial use or fuel cell use. [Embodiment] The method of the apparatus of the present invention refers to the microwave heating reaction apparatus shown in FIG. 作为 as a preferred structure of the known example, which can generate hydrogen gas in a very short heating time and a very small heating space. The reaction apparatus comprises: a feed element (10) 'which is a three-way inlet structure having a gas inlet (11), a liquid inlet (12) and a heat sensor inlet (13), and the three inlets can be wound around the seal. To avoid air leakage at the joint of the nozzle, there is an upper-loop (14) under the feeding element (1). The material can be metal to avoid microwave leakage; a microwave heater (20) has magnetic The control tube (21), the cabin body (22) and the outer casing (23), the magnetron (21) can generate microwaves under the action of high voltage, and then the microwaves will be dispersed in the entire heater cabin (22), the outer casing (23) ) is a metal material, • The microwave can be enclosed in the cabin (22) to avoid microwave leakage, causing harm; a microwave control box (30) 'with thermal sensor (31), temperature setter (32 ), power controller (33), power display (34) and power on (35), the thermal sensor (31) can be a thermocouple, the thermal sensor (31) can detect the reaction temperature and convert the temperature into an electronic signal (36), after which the electronic signal (36) is sent to the microwave control box ( 30), the temperature setter (32) can set the reaction temperature, the power controller (33) will adjust the power according to the temperature signal measured by the thermal sensor (31) to heat the reactants to the set reaction temperature, and at the same time The output power is displayed on the power display (34), the power switch (35) controls the power of the heating system; a reaction tube (40), which is a cylindrical tube, and the reaction tube (40) can be glass 8 1352687 Or the quartz tube 'reaction tube (40) has a support (41) built therein, the support (41) may be a ceramic material or high temperature cotton, and the support (41) is a catalyst bed (42), a catalyst bed (42) A heat sensor (31) can be placed to detect the reaction temperature, and a heat storage medium (43) can be placed above the catalyst bed (42). The heat storage medium (43) can be a glass ball or a high temperature cotton 'reaction tube (40) can be placed In the microwave heater (20), when the reaction tube (4〇) is in a microwave environment, it will be The reactants are reacted in a catalyst bed (42); an outlet member (50) 'haves a lower collar (51) and an exhaust conduit (52), and the lower collar (51) is made of metal to avoid microwaves. The venting and exhaust pipe (52) can exhaust the gas from the reaction system for subsequent gas collection and analysis. For the technical content of the method of the present invention, please refer to FIG. 2, first turn on the gas (61), let the gas (61) flow into the gas conduit (62), and adjust the gas flow meter (63) to make the gas (61) The fixed flow rate flows to the gas inlet (11) of the feed element (1〇) and likewise 'puts the liquid (71) into the liquid conduit (72) and adjusts the liquid flow meter (73) to make the liquid (71) ) flows to the liquid inlet ( 12 ) of the feed element ( 10 ) in a fixed flow manner. Thereafter, the power switch (35) of the microwave control box (30) is turned on to adjust the temperature setter (32) to the desired reaction temperature 'to cause the microwaves to be radiated into the cabin (22). The gas (61) and the liquid (71) are simultaneously sent to the heat storage medium (43) in the reaction tube (40) in such a manner as to flow in the same direction and a fixed mass flow rate ratio. The reaction temperature and the operation of the power controller (33) are detected by the thermal sensor (31), and the reaction tube (4〇) is maintained at a constant temperature state. Under the action of microwaves, the liquid (71) is rapidly heated in the heat storage medium (43) to become gaseous and uniformly mixed with the gas (61), and then further flows into the catalyst bed (42). Under the action of microwaves and catalysts, the hydrogen production reaction will be excited to convert the gas (61) or liquid (71) into hydrogen. The produced gas after the reaction will flow into the exhaust duct (52) and be further introduced into the condenser (81) to remove the moisture in the gas, and then introduce the gas into the dryer (82) to completely remove the water. Gas and protect subsequent analytical instruments. Next, the gas will be introduced into the gas analyzer (83) and gas chromatograph (84) to detect and analyze carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (c〇2), hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4). The concentration, in turn, the effect of the water gas shift reaction or steam recombination reaction and the production of 9 1352687 hydrogen. The invention is further understood by the following examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not to limit the scope of the invention. Example 1 In Example 1, a water gas shift reaction was carried out by the present microwave apparatus, and steam was reacted with carbon monoxide to generate hydrogen gas. In terms of operating parameters, the volumetric flow rate of steam and carbon monoxide in the reaction tube was fixed at 8:1, and the residence time of the above reactant in the catalyst bed was fixed at 0.32 seconds. The catalyst used in the water-gas shift reaction is a particulate catalyst. The main component of the catalyst is shown in Fig. 3. It can be seen from Fig. 3 that the composition is mainly iron oxide and chromium oxide, which belongs to high-temperature water vapor transfer. Reaction catalyst. The catalyst is magnified 200 times by electron microscopy (SEM) as shown in Fig. 4. It can be seen from Fig. 4 that the catalyst surface is a porous structure, and the pores are active when the reactant stream passes through the active surface. Will promote the occurrence of water vapor transfer reaction. Referring to FIG. 5, it is a concentration distribution diagram of H2 'CO 2 and CO after water vapor transfer reaction under the above operating conditions and the operation of the microwave device of the present invention, wherein the microwave device controls the reaction temperature range from 350 ° C to 550. Between °C. It can be seen from Fig. 5 that 'H2 and C02 have been generated when the reaction temperature is 350 °C; in addition, as the reaction temperature increases, the concentration of C〇2 and H2 gradually increases. Conversely, the concentration of c〇 gradually decreases. . This description makes it possible to excite the occurrence of a water-gas shift reaction under the action of the device of the present invention, and the higher the temperature, the better the effect of water-gas shift reaction or hydrogen production. Figure 6 shows the distribution of CO conversion rate with temperature after analysis. The above-mentioned c〇 conversion rate can be used as a quantitative indicator of water-gas shift reaction or hydrogen production. As can be seen from the figure, when the reaction temperature is 350 ° C, the CO conversion rate is about 69%, and then, as the reaction temperature increases, the CO conversion rate rises almost linearly when the reaction temperature is 550. (: When the CO conversion rate is about 97%, this indicates that the water-gas shift reaction has reached a very desirable reaction effect under the action of microwave and the operating temperature is 550 ° C. 1352687 Example 2 In Example 2, The microwave device performs a steam recombination reaction, and reacts steam with methanol to generate hydrogen gas. In terms of operating parameters, methanol and water are first mixed in a volume of 1:1, and then sent to the feed element at a volumetric flow rate of 0.8856 cc/min. At the same time, nitrogen is sent to the feed element at a volumetric flow rate of 500 cc/min. 'Nitrogen acts as a carrier gas to assist the flow of methanol and water in the reaction tube. The catalyst used in this steam recombination reaction is It belongs to nickel-based particle catalyst to promote steam recombination reaction. Referring to Figure 7, it is the H2, C02, CO and CH4 after the reaction of sterol and water by steam under the above operating conditions and the operation of the microwave device of the present invention. The concentration profile of the concentration profile, wherein the reaction temperature range controlled by the microwave device is between 200 ° C and 400 ° C. It can be seen that when the reaction temperature is 200 ° C, H 2 is already produced in large quantities. Time The concentration is about 32%, followed by 15.5% of CO 2 , the CO concentration is 1.8%, and the CH4 concentration is 0%. As the reaction temperature increases, the hydrogen concentration does not change much, the concentration of C02 decreases slightly, and the CO concentration The temperature rises slowly, and the concentration of CH4 increases sharply. When the reaction temperature is 400 ° C, the concentration of CH4 is about 180 ppm, but the concentration is still very low compared to H2, CO 2 and CO, so that the temperature is known. The effect of steam recombination reaction. Figure 8 shows the distribution of methanol conversion rate with temperature after analysis of the gas production concentration. The higher the value of sterol conversion, the better the reaction of methanol, so it can be used as Quantitative index of steam recombination reaction. It can be seen from Fig. 8 that when the reaction temperature is 200 ° C, the conversion of sterol is about 64%, and then, as the reaction temperature increases, the conversion of sterol also gradually increases; The methanol conversion rate is about 77% at 400 ° C. The above results indicate that steam recombination reaction can also be carried out under the action of the present apparatus to react methanol with water to generate hydrogen gas. Invented "Microwave generating hydrogen And method", by self-designing and erecting the microwave heating device, the water gas transfer reaction or steam recombination reaction can be carried out in a relatively short reactor start-up time, and 1352687 in the reaction space of j, to fly or The conversion of other hydrocarbons into hydrogen is particularly suitable for use in water-reactive or water-borne reaction environments, thus achieving clean energy, reducing environmental burden, saving space, and reducing process time during hydrogen production. Benefits, that is, the method of the present invention utilizes the high-level creation of the natural law technical idea, meets the requirements of the invention patent, and submits an application according to the law. [Simplified Schematic] FIG. 1 is a microwave heating reaction device of the present invention (representative drawing) . Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of hydrogen production in the process of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a view showing the main components of a catalyst used in the water gas shift reaction for carrying out the method of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a view showing the surface structure of the catalyst used in the water vapor shift reaction after being magnified by an electron microscope according to the method of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a graph showing the distribution of Ha, C02 and CO concentrations after the water gas shift reaction in the practice of the method of the present invention. Figure 6 is a graph showing the conversion of C0 after the water-gas shift reaction by the method of the present invention. Figure 7 is a graph showing the concentration distributions of H2, C02, C0 and Ch4 after steam recombination by the method of the present invention. μ Figure 8 is a graph showing the conversion of sterol conversion after steam recombination by the method of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] (1) Microwave heating reaction device (10) Feeding element (12) Liquid inlet (14) Upper collar (22) Cabin (11) Gas inlet (13) Thermal sensor inlet (20) Microwave Heater (21) Magnetron (23) Housing (30) Microwave Control Box 12 1352687 » (31) Thermal Sensor (33) Power Controller (35) Power Switch (40) Reaction Tube (41) Support ( 43) Heat storage medium (50) Outlet element (51) Lower collar (61) Gas (63) Gas flow meter (71) Liquid (73) Liquid flow meter (81) Condenser (83) Gas analyzer (32) Temperature Setter (34) power display (36) electronic signal (42) catalyst bed (52) exhaust duct (62) gas conduit (72) liquid conduit (82) dryer (84) gas chromatograph 13