TWI338990B - Method and apparatus for energy harvesting and/or generation, storage, and delivery - Google Patents

Description

Γ 338990 IX. Description of the invention: [Reference to the relevant manual] “This manual is entitled to the US Patent Specification No. 6./756,876, and the name of the invention is “Energy Harvesting and/or Production, Health and Transmission”. • The system is issued on January 5, 2, and the US Patent Specification Serial No., No. _24, 755, entitled "Energy Harvesting and/or Circuits for Generation, Storage, and Transmission", Presented September 6, 2002. • This manual is related to US Patent Specification No. 24,749, the invention name is, electric double-layer capacitor with equivalent series resistance value,, proposed ° in 2006 September 6th; U.S. Patent Specification No. 1/796 329, whose invention name is, the chain ion battery, was proposed on March 8, 2004; US Special Ship No. 10/796,532 , the invention name is, MEMS electrochemical power system, proposed in March 8, 2004; US Patent Specification No. 6,861,17, the invention name is "volume measurement micro-battery"; and US patent Manual No. 6,621,687, The invention is entitled,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, The government has paid off! It is clear and, in limited circumstances, has the power to require the patent owner to authorize others to use certain legitimate conditions. 'The proper status is clearly stated in the contract number W31P4Q-04-C-R346, Issued by DARPA; number FA8650-05-C-2613, issued by AFRL; and number NNL06AA06C, issued by NASA. 1338990 [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to energy (IV) and/or generation, storage and Microsystems for transmission and their applications. [Prior Art] It should be noted that the following discussion will point out the number of public documents and references. 'The discussion of these public documents will be used to clearly point out the completeness of the laws of science' and Not used to determine patentability. The network of hot line sensors and line sensors will be used to monitor buildings, bridges or spacecraft, etc. Structural condition. 2) Monitoring environment, such as commercial buildings in the home and military or domestic security devices; and 3) controlling industrial processes to enhance autonomy and other tasks. These systems will be used more in factory automation. , process and environmental control, safety, medicine, and condition-based maintenance, as well as anti-sex applications and intelligence gathering. Wide use of wireless sensors will improve women's integrity, increase safety, reduce heat , heating, ventilation and cooling (HVAC) costs, and increase manufacturing efficiency. Such wireless sensor systems typically: 1) require multiple individual devices (known as nodes or blocks) to provide comprehensive monitoring capabilities; 2) sit in a location that is not easily accessible; 3) require a long time between scheduled repairs interval. Periodic maintenance, such as replacing the battery, can add significantly to the cost of operation (usually increased to the extent of disapproval), and optimally, it can be inconvenient if the continuous process needs to be interrupted. It is impossible to perform any maintenance on a distant, hostile or unattractive location of a 1338990. In the near future, energy maintenance and improved battery technology can alleviate some of these problems. In the long run, there is a need to develop an energy source that can last for years with a small amount of maintenance. This 'miniaturized turbine and micro fuel cell has been booked as a device to meet the long-term energy transfer needs of wireless devices. When such systems utilize high energy densities such as carbon water fuels, they are limited to the need to store and deliver a continuous fuel supply, and improved temperature management to safely remove waste heat. These challenges can be overcome, however, the pipelines and additional system engineering (known as factory balance) add considerable overall size and the complexity of such systems. These are some of the additional challenges of having microfuel cells, most of which use hydrogen fuels, such as protons that are more easily diffused than other ions - the electrolyte 'storing molecular hydrogen shows important scientific and engineering challenges, And most systems use other fuels such as hydrocarbons, methanol or formic acid, or require high temperature gas flow (600. 〇 recombination to generate hydrogen or carbon monoxide neutral gas. This group of insects adds engineering complexity and For safety and efficient operation, it needs to be widely isolated. Further, the report data of micro fuel cells indicates that the maximum peak power is at the level of 5〇mW/cm2, but it lasts less than (8) milliseconds. Ensuring that the combustion and microfuel cell power systems are unable to achieve volumetric measurement energy and power density for highly volume-constrained applications. 7 Dependent energy (·light, shock) The moon's (four) harvester is electrically sensitive to wireless. Because the energy (four) material ^ attractive solution, of course, outside;: two, change, charge or add, yuan), the energy (four) ϋ can not be i" Night _ solar cell

The amount of songs should be designed to include energy sources that can be solved in the way. /, spare; some kinds of God's energy-generating storage can be borrowed using the tradition with very limited energy storage energy (4) 2C = =: _ level, and the problem of replacement storage 'although battery or supercapacitor is being

Sub, set, but still practice the design can effectively mail low energy from small energy harvesting. For example, conventional battery chargers will not operate at the low power level delivered by the energy harvester, and in addition to being operable: The battery chargers still consume too much input energy. Further, existing systems do not disclose the use of the most string storage components for various functions (e.g., standby power, pulse power, etc.). Finally, one of the main challenges faced by the line sensor nodes is the unevenness of the power requirements for sensing, processing, communication, and sleep functions. There are four levels of difference. Since the communication function requires a higher power level (usually from tens to hundreds of milliwatts) 'Wireless _11 nodes are designed to communicate infrequently (lifting (four) say every penny - person or mother 犄 once) 'back Low power sleep state to extend battery life. In order to meet the power rate communication, the current type is designed to handle one of the highest power loads, and unfortunately, the harvesting device and the battery usually have low power density, so the power supply system is strong, first Part of the operational requirements are usually too large. Therefore, there is a need to design a B and a flash-to-density system that can be combined with energy harvesting as an energy source for backup power, and the required transmission. And the power pulse. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a method for transmitting a power octave rate to a load, the method comprising the steps of: collecting a corpse from an energy source. &,, by - charging the pump to increase the voltage of the collected charge' Controllably charging a super-electricity 5; ^ to a threshold voltage; controllably charging the battery from the supercapacitor' and transmitting power from the supercapacitor to the load. Preferably, the collected charge is less than - half of the threshold voltage and is selectively approximated by a quarter of the voltage of "1". The threshold voltage is preferably programmable. The method further includes switching the _ supercapacitor from the supercapacitor in parallel with the supercapacitor string 骤'. The sinus step is more preferably included to preferably approximate the critical ink + twice or greater than the critical voltage to transfer power to the battery. The method preferably further includes the step of switching at least > in the charging pump from parallel to series, the step of controllably charging an ultracapacitor comprises adjusting a rate of the switching step, based on The charging rate of the supercapacitor and the switching of the super-capacitor are performed. The method preferably includes the step of regulating the voltage of the charging pump gate, including saturating one or more FETs in the charging pump. . The method preferably also includes the step of recharging the supercapacitor from the charging pump when power from the energy source is available, and preferably further comprising, when the power from the energy source is not available, from the battery Recharge the step of overrunning the capacitor. The present invention also provides an apparatus for transmitting power to a load, the apparatus comprising at least an energy source, a charging pump for raising the charge collected from the energy source, a battery, and To charge the battery and transmit power to the load or the ultracapacitor, wherein the control module controls the supercapacitors to charge to a threshold voltage. The voltage of the collector charge is preferably less than half of the threshold voltage and selectively approximates a quarter of the threshold voltage, which is two modes, and is preferably programmable. The supercapacitors are preferably switched to be arranged in series to deliver power above a transfer voltage above the threshold voltage to the load or to charge the battery, the transfer voltage being selectively approximating the threshold voltage Twice. The control module preferably adjusts the rate of switching capacitors in the charging pump based on parameters selected from the group consisting of the charging rate of the supercapacitors and the power level of the energy source. The apparatus preferably further includes a FET idle modulation circuit to saturate one or more FETs in the charge pump. The supercapacitors are preferably recharged from the charging pump 10 1338990 when the power from the energy source is available, and preferably recharged from the battery when power from the energy source is not available. It is an object of the present invention to provide a system for harvesting, generating, storing and transmitting energy, particularly for remote applications. One advantage of the present invention is that it can efficiently store charge from a low power or low voltage energy source while still providing power to a higher voltage load. Further objects, advantages, and innovative features and applicability of the present invention will be presented in part in the following description in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and In the case of the invention, the rest of the «swords will make the text more clear. The objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent and attained by the appended claims [Embodiment] Lu Benming's system is a long-range power source that can be implemented in many applications, such as but not limited to wireless network systems, which will no longer require battery charging or replacement. The invention preferably includes a plurality of components including energy storage (including but not limited to batteries or supercapacitors), energy harvesting and/or generation sources (including but not limited to seismic (dynamic) (piezoelectric, capacitive or Inductive), temperature (warm), radioisotope (beta), solar (photovoltaic), fuel cell, micro-combustion or biochemical source, and ultra-low power electronics to perform including but not limited to energy storage Charge of the device, modulation of this amount 'correction, power management, status of monitoring charge, and / or power 1338990 pressure setting. The invention may be combined as a combination of elements depending on the intended application. The energy harvesting element will use a variety of powers from which the power is preferably stored in the energy storage element A to produce a power to better control how the power is transmitted. (eg 八八, weaving, (;, 0, 9,: seal, many common and traditional sizes t, and difficult (four) directly = battery size), in pieces, that is, like a battery, in order to provide a long-life power supply. System/Metal The present invention preferably combines energy harvesting, such as the storage of batteries and ultracapacitors, and ultra low power electrons to modulate the left and right parts of the device. The battery is (or Battery) provides backup energy to adjust the gain of the external 1 set. When the supercapacitor (or supercapacitor) provides good = processing high and / or pulse load, the electronic circuit is preferably designed to = non-particulate harvesting energy So that the remaining energy can be used directly for storage as described above or immediately brought to the system power in use. Furthermore, once fully charged 2, the far battery can be switched out of the circuit as a backup source, and harvested 2 born The energy is preferably used to drive the application, i.e., the sensor, and is any leakage charge in the ultracapacitor. In this book, Mao Minghao harvests energy from the environment, so it can provide - long-lasting energy "sustained force retreats over conventional batteries". The system can be designed to have a fixed-to-number or conformance-standard battery configuration, including but not Limited to ΑΑ, ΜΑ, 9 V ' L i 1 ο ^ D and others, so that it can be used to think of these types of batteries

12 1338990 -- A system that has been set up with little or no modification. On the other hand, when improved packaging or accumulation techniques deliver smaller sensor nodes, the present invention can also be used to exhibit similar miniaturization strategies and thus be compatible with future generations of miniaturized sensors. - As used in the description of the invention and in the scope of the patent application, the battery, the term tying battery, microbattery, flat battery and the like, the step is flat or vertical. As used in the description of the invention and in the scope of the patent application, the supercapacitor refers to a capacitor, a supercapacitor, a microcapacitor, a microcapacitor, an ultracapacitor, an ultracapacitor, and an electric double layer capacitor. (electric double layer

Pacitor ’ EDLC) and others similar. As used in the description of the invention and in the scope of the Chinese patent, the term "energy source" refers to an energy harvester or energy generation, such as a spread (including piezoelectric, electrostatic and inductive methods), temperature (warm) (), solar energy (photovoltaic forms), radioisotopes, chemistry, biochemistry, Lu fuel cells, micro-turbo, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) converters (ATP is a biomolecule that stores and transports chemical energy in cells) , magnetic, electromagnetic (or RF) interference (EMI) 'and micro-combustion generators or other similar. • Figure 1 shows an approximate schematic of the system, which preferably includes three zones. Block: energy harvesting and / or energy generation (E / H), energy storage, and control electronics to board the wheel power (if If necessary, and safely charge the storage device. The energy generation and/or harvesting can be achieved using a hardware component capable of converting the outer energy into electrical energy, and the invention can include one or more of the same type of energy harvesting hardware.

A combination of 13 yuan (for example, two shock harvesters) or two hardware components including different types of energy harvesting (for example, one hard component for harvesting vibration energy and the other for harvesting temperature). The use of two or more energy harvesting elements can provide for a higher level of power and/or can reduce the lifetime so that the system can still supply power when the harvestable external energy is not available. The energy from the έ 收割 harvester is initially stored in a supercapacitor (or multiple supercapacitors) and then moved to a rechargeable battery. The two energy storage devices provide complementary characteristics: ultracapacitor efficiency Ground energy (high specific power), just as the battery efficiently stores energy to provide backup power when the harvester is unable to provide enough power. Since the supercapacitor can be discharged and more efficiently recharged than the battery, the supercapacitor in the system of the present invention is preferably used as the first striking energy storage element, and preferably because of low impedance. Used for energy transfer. A low-power digital control module (DCM) preferably monitors the charging (s〇c) of both the battery and the super battery, and dynamically adjusts the operation of the charging module synchronously. Adjust the float of any energy level conveyed by the harvester. The digital control module is preferably programmable and preferably includes a microcontroller, as the term "control module" used in the description of the invention and in the patent application refers to DCM, ultra low power micro control. Field Programmable Gate Array » FPGA ^ - Low power for processing H, programmable logic for special application integrated circuits (such as Specifc imegrated C丨rcuit 'ASIC) and other similarities. The charging module of the month of February preferably includes a charging pump and may include other device architectures, such as a piezoelectric transformer, a like-to-cable-straight "丨l converter, and others. Once the incoming energy is not enough to recharge the ^ control mode (4) to maintain the supercapacitance, u battery ... electric power. Because of the energy harvesting, a special amount of power, this circuit (especially the charging helps make good

= Age is called the money to convert all the power that can be obtained to the energy storage device.

Due to the use of the control module, the system has the ability to provide conventional power sources such as batteries and other energy harvesting powers, for example, in addition to monitoring the SOC and the input energy source, the present invention can provide monitoring of the overall system operation The state is a good ship, the miscellaneous team can choose secret surveillance (four) temperature flow or abnormal vibration pattern 'the system indicates that the damage event, selectively trigger the power drop. For the sensor, communication with the domain block can enable the fine system (4) capabilities provided by other power methods. For example, the complex interaction of s〇c with the input energy can be used to determine if the sensor needs to enter a power conservation or power down mode. As already discussed, 'energy storage is preferably by at least one secondary (rechargeable) battery (including but not limited to ionic, polymer, thin film lithium ion, nickel metal hydride (NiMH) And catalyzed (Nicd), preferably with at least one supercapacitor (also known as supercapacitor or electrochemical double layer capacitor (EDLC) which includes hydration or organic based electrochemistry f chemical and symmetry Or non 15 5:) Symmetrical form) combined in -. The energy storage element of the present invention preferably stores energy generated by the harvester element for subsequent periods of time, the different characteristics of the battery and the supercapacitor making it suitable for different functions of energy storage and transfer. If the energy needs to be stored for a long time and released slowly, for example in case of no/harvestable external energy (for example at night and when the energy harvester is a solar cell), the battery may preferably be energy Store the skirt. If the energy is not required to be transmitted quickly as with a pulse communication module for radio frequency (RF), long term storage is not so critical, and an ultracapacitor is preferably used. The system can use i) only - batteries (or digitally recorded batteries); ii) only - supercapacitors (or several supercapacitors); called a combination of multiple batteries and supercapacitors suitable for the desired application. The material improvement and structure of the clock ion and a single polymer battery result in a device capable of transmitting a pulse load and a steady state load, which are capable of simultaneously satisfying the standby and pulse load transfer functions, which are currently preferably using micro-electricity. Called, combined with supercapacitor. However, as shown in Fig. 2, in order to maximize the life of the battery, the individual devices preferably satisfy these functions, and the second «Beet pulse load from the CR232 twist button cell; the pulses are It has a lG5mW with a 15.M two pulse width and a 5 second 4 complex rate. When used with -supercapacitor, the life of the remote battery is far greater than the life of the battery when used alone. The invention can (4) look at the (four) parameter Qian Qianshang # obtainable (off-the-shelf) battery and ultra-capacitor or conventional design, which can affect the energy storage selection parameters including power distribution (p〇wer pr〇file), external The availability of energy and ί: Λ 16 daring, and environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity. In addition, some advanced micro-electrics are also present in both the Jiujiu and commercial products (such as the US Oak Ridge = Imperial Inspection and Israel Power Paper Co., Ltd.), which tend to have a high 7 rate (high power). Capability, but its capacitance per unit area is low, indicating that the T-footprint device needs to meet useful energy storage capabilities. Implementation of one of the inventions

σ, ',. δ is used for the reserve battery and the thin film battery to supply the pulse power in place of the super capacitor. , a 苐 3 figure shows the more detailed block diagram of the t set. The circuit will operate in the exchange shock shouting, 鄕 魅 魅 如 如 太阳 太阳 太阳 太阳 太阳 太阳 太阳 太阳 太阳 太阳 太阳 太阳 ' ' ' 交流 交流 交流 交流 交流 交流 交流 交流 交流 交流 交流 交流 交流 交流 交流 交流 交流 = = = = = = The diode or other temples are fine. The butterfly Xuan basically meets two

The energy generated by the harvesting element is the energy storage device that is touch-guided (to the bribe button or directly to: negative and no surface (4) 'overcharged or Wei Cai's own secret device. Circuits are very rare, and there are very few people interested in wireless sensors and other micro-systems. =:=ΓHundreds of milliwatts of equivalent transmission low-level scoops. The management circuit transmits the power that can be collected f = storage or sensor device instead of being consumed in its own operation. (4) Good ground includes charging a supercapacitor energy storage device spot - electricity, / charge 4 Group, which is controlled by a battery charging circuit. 7 1338990 The operating energy of the control module is preferably stored in an intermediate energy storage device, for example a conventional capacitor (usually a few microfarads to hundreds of micros) Farah). The charge switching module can prevent the overcharge from being overcharged by avoiding overcharging to overcharge: preferably a threshold voltage of 3.3V, which is difficult to prevent. Damage (such as C19 and CM in Figure 7). During charging, super power (3) selectively supplying low voltage power to the load, or the control module can selectively switch the output power to the off state until the supercapacitors reach the desired charging threshold. Directly connecting - excess to the transmission voltage V The energy source will cause the current I to be equal to V/ESR 'where ESR is the desired characteristic of the supercapacitor (usually a few ohms or ideally less than 1 ohm). Since the low power is the desired characteristic of the supercapacitance of the transmit power' The supercapacitor will attract a high instantaneous current and overload the energy source. Since the system of the present invention can sometimes be left for a period of time before being set up, it is impossible to store the supercapacitor in a charged state and the charging switch preferably controls the current. Draw in order to avoid damage to the generator at the initial setting. - But fully charged 'The supercapacitor is preferably grabbed as energy" to charge. The battery 'This makes the average current draw very low, charging the battery The read/parallel supercapacitors are preferably switched in series at a medium level to increase the voltage. The battery, for example, via an ion battery, is preferably charged to two First, the constant current charging increases the battery voltage until a target voltage (for example, ❿) is preferably monitored by the control module, which usually transmits about 70% of the money 2 岐 charged to - (four) pressure, - But the current street and the charge current that drops to ^ usually terminate charging. Operation: Γ: Operating in a very low power control module, charging fineness. Once the state of the two changes and the power generation is no The generated work is fully charged by the battery, and it can be removed from the circuit so that the present invention only provides power to the sensor or other load with the supercapacitor. If the device listens to the brother, it is also detected. The cell has stopped supplying power (for example, in the dark period of the solar cell, the module is in the case of κ riding), in this case, the _ energy cell switches to provide standby power. . In this case, until the fuse is charged to the power supply, the super capacitor city is supplied with static power to the sense of storage; The battery is preferably designed to be able to provide backup power at the (four) time of the standby surface, which may be in a matter of days or days. Used in μ 4 to change, but the range can be from a small number of positions _ a electricity _ storage energy drops below the pre-bamboo brother, a low battery condition is better transmitted to the sensor, Allow the detector to turn off or enter the power save mode, for example. The e-shape, a visual a load requirement, is preferably 'transmitted to the load via the supercapacitor that provides a high power pulse current. For the stable collection of the 'box source (or the battery if there is no source or the amount), the energy is transferred to the store, and the excess capacitance is not transmitted, and 1338990 is often transferred to the _ energy surplus (four) supercapacitor (4) Missing loss. As mentioned earlier, the low impedance of the supercapacitor makes it suitable for high-power bursts when used. For the sake of horn warfare, the present invention preferably uses - or a plurality of supercapacitors as the initial device' and - the cells are used as the second energy storage device, preferably t to recharge the supercapacitors. The primary energy storage county provides a higher power output than the second storage device' while the second storage device provides a larger overall frequency at the primary device. She finds, (10) Yu Jiadi only supplies the energy by the supercapacitors and (4) the pool to supply energy, and the supercapacitor will depend on the load demand to transmit the pulsed wire power and money (4); and compared to the battery Pure high-power transfer and lower material (four) resistance' thus increase efficiency (especially for pulse power applications). In the present invention, the battery (second storage) is a supercapacitor (her storage device). This configuration also allows the ultra-capacitance of the low capacitance value to be reduced, thereby reducing leakage and enabling charging from a low-power energy source. Preferred features, advantages and benefits of the present invention are listed in Table i, and the issue of transmission between the manufacturer and the wireless end user and other help is considered a potential obstacle to the adoption of the technology, for example, when not required The battery is periodically changed to suit many wireless applications. The possibility of loss of energy harvesting in the absence of external energy (e.g., solar cells in a dark state) is also an issue that many users are arguing, and the present invention also conveys the issue of cost reduction. 20 Γ338990

Harvesting external energy

No need to change the battery, recharge or add the slanting energy enable cold start, provide excess energy in the case of external energy failure, and effectively transmit the pulse power reduction system, the pulse and the small factor of the bomb, ΐ5Γ circuit diagram Can be designed as a standard or known type. Similar products can be used in a flexible, extensive product line with a small number of engineering applications that can be used in different environments. (4) Electronic circuit is more expensive than the self-loop Wei conversion, low power, high power waste, intelligent programmable control _ high power output, this is a good record

A low (four) of 2 approximations and a low current AC or DC power input of approximately 5-15 microamps, and preferably a self-modification of the conversion control (four) state to effectively convert and store the input energy at a high energy density Ultracapacitor and backup battery I. The present invention preferably does not follow the maximum current supplied by the energy of ❹ and is preferably programmable to provide up to 5V DC or greater than the current output = fractional level and a steady state greater than the input voltage after storage. The DC output is preferably at the transmission time or in the electric field towel, preferably programmed to provide any desired voltage (not only one or two individual voltages), so the same system can be used for a wide range of (four) loads and suitable Different energy storage elements. 4 As shown in Figure 5, the present invention preferably receives and rectifies the alternating current or direct current friend into the initial charge storage capacitor. The splitting of the present invention is also preferably used with a voluntarily self-modifying switching rate to transfer the charge very efficiently to a 21 • two high energy density capacitors (or super capacitors) up to about the highest input charge H. The dynamic switching rate of the Puzhi is better than the control of the miscellaneous group, the training of the parent group, and the switching of the electric power/$, the final voltage level of the stored energy, and the charging of the battery module. . Tips / 1 peak money secret control (four) charging (four) operation to effectively _ energy _ very low power energy, for the charging pump switching rate of 2 system, the (four) difficult ground (four) amount of ultra-capacitor voltage plant Heart (four) changes the rate. In case the rate exceeds (4), the switch keeps the ant high enough to push all the charge that can be obtained, if the speed of the super-power 6-Hai switching is preferably reduced in relation to the charging pump, 90% of the highest voltage level. When the over-power === (four) needle money difference is reduced, the control group will be lower the power / in the switch before the ride fine-cut capacitor as much as possible to accumulate enough ^ voltage, '/ Γ in the face can be obtained When the current increases, the control mode dynamically increases the switching rate so that the electric lion = two::; when the other supercapacitor is used, the supercapacitors are recharged: when the accommodating 4 electric vocabulary, the connection is generally connected in series The switching voltage is used for subsequent battery charging to voltage output via the battery charging circuit. Power input _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 < .c 1338990 control module control 'when not _ the ~ power when the control module can be programmed to turn off the output or from the backup battery The module recharges the supercapacitor for continued operation. In general, the charging pump of the present invention stores the low level charge from the energy sources and increases the voltage, enabling the ultracapacitor to charge the higher voltage level. Conversely, the charging voltage of many current systems is likely to be limited by the output voltage of the energy source. For low-power energy sources, such as only a solar cell exposed to the low 2 line, the voltage may not be sufficient to charge the super Capacitance to its threshold voltage (eg due to leakage of the supercapacitor). Thus, other systems are only inoperable = low voltage or low power energy sources, and the charging pump preferably integrates intermediate charge storage to increase efficiency, and preferably does not use signal controlled or limited resistance. Other resistors or inductors designed to use voltage control between the energy source and the energy storage element, as mentioned in the prior art, result in a limited current and thus reduced efficiency, or use no voltage control at all. In addition to this, preferably, the charging pump includes a metal oxide half field effect transistor (M〇SFET) which requires a voltage instead of a current for switching. . The embodiment of the galvanic voltage capacitive charging pump is shown in FIG. 6 , which is preferably accompanied by an input voltage rectifier, and the operation of the charging pump is preferably borrowed from the group. Figure) is dynamically controlled based on the voltage level of the ultra-electric valleys C19 and C21 measured by the control group.

23 Γ338990 In the charging pump, these have low inductance value and low leakage (,eakage), allowing = preferably with the low charging level presented, the low power ring is divided by the impedance - ^ electric, for example, pressure The electric vibration source, and the lower impedance than the two (four) charge generators, for example, in the type cell, in order to provide - high charging money, the photovoltaic current from the charging pump is preferably controlled by the cutting ^ Change, month ^ The control module is dynamically charged. For example, from the ground hunting, the Tian 1 Limu 5 Hai generator obtains a small amount of electricity, which is preferably a lower tilt switching rate. When an external charge is available, the switching electric valley quickly becomes the most superior, and preferably Increase the switching rate. This dynamic control allows the system to utilize a very low level of external energy while maintaining a high charging voltage into the supercapacitor. If necessary, the storage capacitors C 6 , C 8 , ( 10 ) and ( 3 ) in the charging pump preferably use a low resistance value, a low source voltage, and a parallel connection from the parallel connection to the series 4 The efficiency of the transistors, which are modulated by the ultra-low current operational amplifiers U15 and U16, increases the saturation of the germanium transistor and reduces the resistance of the channel. When the control module determines that the desired system voltage level is secret, or conversely, there is no energy available to the input terminal, the switching of the charging pump is preferably stagnant at a conservative power. In a more detailed aspect, an embodiment of the voltage charging pump circuit of the present invention is shown in FIG. 6, preferably operated by opening field effect transistor Q45 and turning off field effect transistors Q36, Q37. Therefore, the switching capacitors C8 and C6 are changed from 24!33899〇 in parallel to series and the field effect transistor Q45 is turned off and the field effect transistors Q36 and Q37 are turned on to provide a current path to the parallel charging capacitors Cl 1 and Cl0. The gates of field effect transistors Q36, Q45 and Q37 are preferably non-in phase with the gates of field effect transistors Q39, Q46 and Q38. After the voltage is transferred to the capacitors C11 and CIO, the process is preferably reversed, the field effect transistors Q36, Q37 are turned off, and the field effect transistor Lu Q45 is turned on to recharge the capacitors C8 in parallel. When simultaneously turning off the field effect transistor Q46 and turning on the field effect transistors Q39, Q38, the switching capacitors 与ι and C10 are supplied from the parallel to the _ age to provide the capacitors cii and cio at a higher voltage through the diodes. A current path of the supercapacitors. When the capacitor c6 is connected in series with C8 and when C10 is connected in series with (3), the diodes D22, D23 block the backflow of charge from the device C6, and the diode ribs block the backflow of the charge from the capacitors C8 and C6. . #—Field effect transistor gate modulator circuit is also green. In Figure 6, the saturation of the charge pump switching field effect transistor is usually only achieved up to the highest level seen by the sources of the individual transistors. _, voltage level. This is preferably achieved by the thyristor voltage modulation provided by the fet modulation circuit, which preferably uses the digital voltage provided by the control group to switch the money, and uses ultra-low power operation in the saturation mode or the comparator pull mode. The amplifier 'or selectively uses the power aa18' in the totem pole mode to swing the signal to (1) when the supercapacitors are in a low voltage or state of charge, borrowing vcc or (2)# when the vcc exceeds vcc The positive guide provided by the voltage. When switching the higher gate source dust difference is preferably saturated with the field effect transistors in the 25 far charge pump, the desired low channel impedance is allowed to switch at a very low current bucker high rate. This degree preferably allows the charging pump to operate with a very small quiescent current so that the pump can be charged to a relatively high voltage with less input power. When necessary, the control module can switch the energy storage supercapacitors to the series L at least twice the high power transposition position, and the action can drive a higher voltage-free load or provide a backup battery for charging. This higher voltage. In this case, the vehicle U also adopts a voltage output and double circuit shown in FIG. 7, which drives the gates of the low-efficiency transistors Q32 and Q43 to switch the y and Cl9 in series. The diode D28 blocks the back current from the current of the capacitor C19 ▲C21. The output signal from the control module is preferably high-drive/sampling the inter-electrode of the body Q44, pulling down the field-effect transistor to the 〇 The idle pole turns on the output power from the capacitor C19 to the input (four) pin. The eighth ffil depicts an embodiment of a battery charging circuit that preferably recites the ground voltages and currents required to charge the battery module. Other power-consuming applications (4) are typically used in other applications where the circuit typically includes multiple low-power operational amplifiers. In the above, the ground reference is better, and the detailed description can also achieve the same effect. The various deformations and modifications of the present invention encompass all: well-known, and these deformations and modifications are intended to be a reference for the conversion of t-legs. The public document is 1338990 [Simple description of the schema] Several examples of the 1st (4th) of Langshu, and with the description of a 4 1 port, 9 are used to explain the present invention > The drawings are only intended to illustrate the preferred embodiment of the present invention. In the drawings: θ ^ is used for feeding. FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 is a comparison of the battery arrester under a pulse load with a 电容 pulse load (1) continuously averaged with supercapacitance. 'From the third picture is a block diagram showing the control electronics. Figure 4(8) is a diagram showing (iv) the voltage of the (four) cell under the increased pulse 贞 load. <Turn out the 4th (_ domain ^ from parallel parallel energy cell and supercapacitor voltage diagram. Continued the first top is for the battery and parallel battery and super power ~ load comparison voltage drop Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a circuit to which the present invention is applied. Fig. 6 is a view showing a voltage charging pump and a solar power generation diagram of the present invention. Fig. 7 is a view showing a voltage output and a double circuit of the present invention. 'Cargo_. and Figure 8 is a circuit diagram showing a spare battery charging module. 27 Γ338990 [Key component symbol description] E/Hn >EIH^ E/H2 energy harvesting/energy generation C6, C8, CIO, C11 storage Capacitor C19 ' C21 Supercapacitor D21, D22, D23 diode

Icmt output current Q32, Q36, Q37, Q38, Q39, Q43, Q44, Q45, Q46, Q50 field effect transistor V_ output voltage U15, U16 ultra low current operational amplifier

28

Claims (1)

1338990 X. Patent Application Range: 1. A method for transmitting power to a load, the method comprising the steps of: * collecting charge from an energy source; increasing a voltage for collecting charge by a charging pump; controlling charging An ultracapacitor to a threshold voltage; controllably charging a battery from the supercapacitor; and transmitting power from the supercapacitor to a load. The method of claim 1, wherein the voltage of the collected charge is less than half of the threshold voltage. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the voltage of the collected charge approximates a quarter of the threshold voltage. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the threshold voltage is programmable. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of switching a second supercapacitor from in parallel with the supercapacitor to be in series with the supercapacitor. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the switching step comprises: transmitting a power to the load or charging the battery at a transmission voltage higher than the threshold voltage. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein the transfer voltage is approximately twice the threshold voltage. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of switching from at least two capacitors in the charging pump from parallel to series. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of controllably charging a supercapacitor comprises the step of selecting a power level selected from a charging rate of the supercapacitor and the energy source. A parameter of the group, while adjusting a rate of the switching step. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the further step comprises a step of modulating the charging pump rate voltage. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the modulating step comprises one or more field effect transistors saturated in the charging pump. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of recharging the supercapacitor from the charging pump when power from the energy source is available. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of recharging the supercapacitor from the battery when power from the energy source is not available. * 14. A device for transmitting power to a load, the device comprising: - at least one energy source; a charging pump for increasing the voltage of the charge collected from the energy source; a control module; 30 1338990 21. The device of claim 14, further comprising a field effect transistor gate circuit for saturating one or more field effect transistors in the charging pump. 22. The device of claim 14, wherein the supercapacitor is recharged from the charging pump when power from the energy source is available. 23. The device of claim 14, wherein when the power from the energy source is not available, the supercapacitor is recharged from the battery. c. 32