1338114 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種追日裝置(solar tracking apparatus)及追曰方 法(solar tracking method)，並且特別地，本發明係關於一種供一行 動太陽能收集系統(mobile solar energy collecting system)用之追日 裝置及追日方法。 【先前技術】 • 由於溫室效應、氣候變遷以及油價攀升等問題日趨嚴重，加 上重要能源逐漸浮現枯竭危機，再生能源(包括太陽能、風能、地 熱、水力、生質能…等)的發展已十分緊迫。再生能源不僅成為國 際永續等會議討論焦點，也是各國擬定能源政策的要項。依 Refocus Weekly於2004年5月的報導，當前世界使用再生能源僅 占其潛力的1.3% ’且若干再生能源發電成本逐漸下降，因此， 再生能源不僅可因應當前綠色環保潮流，並深具發展潛力。 於前述各項再生能源的發展中，太陽能相關應用是較為成熟 的領域之一。現今我們收集太陽能進而運用的方式有兩種：（丨)收 集熱能；（2)轉換光能。以收集熱能來說，小規模的民生利用方 j，便是我們現在經常看到的太陽熱水器。較大規模方面則有所 謂的集熱式太陽能發電廠，此種太陽能電廠的運作原理是將太陽 光以反射鏡加以集中’藉著集中太陽能所產生的高熱來使水汽化 產生蒸汽，進而推動渦輪發電機產生電力。 ，外’以轉換光能來說’大多是利用所謂的太陽能電池板來 將光能直接轉換為電能。較小型的如電子計算機上的太陽能電池 板’較大型的如在房子貼上許多太陽能板，藉以達到電力自主的 目的。自60胃年代開始，美國發射的人造衛星就已經利用太陽能 電池做為能量的來源。到了 7〇年代能源危機時，人們開始把太 ....λ ·、 5 1338114 陽能電池的應用轉移到一般的民生用途上。目前，在美國、日本 和以色列等國家，已經大量使用太陽能裝置，更朝商業化的目標 前進。在這些國家中’美國於1983年在加州建立世界上最大的 太陽能電廠’它的發電量可以高達16百萬瓦特。南非、波札 那、納米比亞和非洲南部的其他國家也設立專案，鼓勵偏遠的鄉 村地區安裝低成本的太陽能電池發電系統。 進一步，為了更有效率地應用太陽能，以提提昇太陽能裝置 的效率，許多能追蹤太陽位置的追日裝置被發展。該等追日裝置 的主要功用目的，即在於承載太陽能收集系統並使陽光能持續垂 直照射太陽能收集系統，以增加太陽能收集系統所收集到的光照 射量。 關於追曰裝置、追曰方法之先前技術，大致尚可區分為：〇) 熱致動(heat-actuated)形式；（2)光感測(photo detecting)形式；以及 (3)事先計算形式。 熱致動形式追日裝置的案例，例如，美國專利號第4,〇27651 號所揭露的一種追日裝置，其具有多個反射鏡，能反射太陽^射 能以不同程度地加熱數個含有液體之貯存器，以製造不同的壓 力，用以轉動該追蹤器以及太陽能收集器。也有，例如，美國專 利號第4,498,456號所揭露的追日裝置，其運用多根由形&記憔 合金製程的張力線以及多個太陽能聚焦器，隨著太陽位置 變’由太％此加熱超過變態溫度的張力線會拉動太陽能收集系統 轉動。 光感測形式追曰裝置的案例’例如，中華民國專利號 1258559號所揭露之太陽能熱水器集熱板之改善導智慧型追曰機 構裝置，其藉由東西向及南北向光敏電阻與東西向及南北向自動 追曰電路板之配合下，係可使集熱板能隨時保持與太陽光線同+ 成九十度’以獲得最大之熱吸收效率。此外，t華關專利公$ 6 .(S :) 1338114 號第482283號所揭露之太陽能追光感測器結構，係透過四感光 元件所獲得照度之差異可使内部阻抗產生相對變化，並且此^化 產生之訊號驅動馬達適時控制機械結構產生動作，俾使機械結 體連同追光感測器可同步自動調整至與光源正對之角度位置。 至於事先計算形式之追曰方法，例如，有太陽能發電系統 用天文學太陽位置計算方位角與仰角追蹤太陽位置，或者^追蹤 太陽執跡的方式，根據地球每小時轉動15。，地軸一年 ±23.5°等參數設計以追蹤太陽位置。1338114 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a solar tracking apparatus and a solar tracking method, and in particular, to a mobile solar energy collection The solar-powered collecting system used by the system (mobile solar energy collecting system) and the method of chasing the Japanese. [Prior Art] • The development of renewable energy (including solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, hydropower, biomass, etc.) has been developed due to the increasing effects of the greenhouse effect, climate change and rising oil prices, as well as the emergence of depletion of important energy sources. Very urgent. Renewable energy has not only become the focus of discussions at international conferences, but also an important item in the formulation of energy policies. According to Refocus Weekly's report in May 2004, the current world's use of renewable energy only accounts for 1.3% of its potential' and the cost of some renewable energy power generation is gradually decreasing. Therefore, renewable energy can not only respond to the current green environmental trend, but also has potential for development. . Among the aforementioned renewable energy developments, solar energy related applications are one of the more mature areas. Today, we collect solar energy and use it in two ways: (丨) collecting heat; (2) converting light energy. In terms of collecting heat, the small-scale people's livelihood utilization j is the solar water heater that we often see now. On a larger scale, there is a so-called collector solar power plant. The operation principle of this type of solar power plant is to concentrate the sunlight as a mirror. 'By the high heat generated by the concentrated solar energy, the water vaporizes to generate steam, which in turn pushes the turbine. The generator produces electricity. In addition, in the case of converting light energy, most of the so-called solar panels are used to convert light energy directly into electrical energy. Smaller solar panels, such as those on electronic computers, are larger, such as by attaching many solar panels to the house, in order to achieve power autonomy. Since the 60th stomach era, satellites launched by the United States have used solar cells as a source of energy. By the time of the energy crisis of the 1970s, people began to transfer the application of solar cells to the general people's livelihood. At present, solar power installations have been heavily used in countries such as the United States, Japan, and Israel, and are moving toward commercialization. In these countries, the United States established the world's largest solar power plant in California in 1983, which can generate up to 16 megawatts of electricity. Other countries in South Africa, Botswana, Namibia and southern Africa have also set up projects to encourage the installation of low-cost solar cell power systems in remote rural areas. Further, in order to apply solar energy more efficiently to improve the efficiency of solar devices, many sun-tracking devices capable of tracking the position of the sun have been developed. The primary purpose of these day-hunting devices is to carry a solar energy collection system and to allow sunlight to continually illuminate the solar energy collection system to increase the amount of light collected by the solar energy collection system. The prior art regarding the tracking device and the tracking method can be roughly divided into: 〇) a heat-actuated form; (2) a photo detecting form; and (3) a pre-calculated form. A case of a heat-actuated form-following device, for example, a sun-tracking device disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4, No. 27,651, which has a plurality of mirrors capable of reflecting solar energy to heat several different degrees. A reservoir of liquid to create different pressures for rotating the tracker and the solar collector. There is also a sun-tracking device disclosed in, for example, U.S. Patent No. 4,498,456, which utilizes a plurality of tension lines of a shape & beryllium alloy process and a plurality of solar focuss, which are heated by the sun as the position changes. The tension line of the metamorphic temperature will pull the solar collection system to rotate. A case of a light sensing type tracking device, for example, the improved solar-powered tracking device for a solar water heater heat collecting plate disclosed in the Republic of China Patent No. 1258559, which uses an east-west and north-south direction photoresistor and east-west direction. With the cooperation of the north-south automatic tracking circuit board, the heat collecting plate can be kept at the same time as the sun light to 90 degrees 'to obtain the maximum heat absorption efficiency. In addition, the structure of the solar tracking sensor disclosed in the Japanese Patent Application No. 482283 (S:) No. 1338114, No. 482283, the difference in illuminance obtained by the four photosensitive elements can cause a relative change in the internal impedance, and this The signal-driven motor generates a timely control of the mechanical structure to generate an action, so that the mechanical body and the tracking sensor can be automatically adjusted to the angular position directly opposite to the light source. As for the method of tracking the pre-calculated form, for example, there is a solar power system that uses the astronomical sun position to calculate the azimuth and elevation to track the sun position, or ^ to track the way the sun steers, according to the earth's hourly rotation 15 . The ground axis is designed with a parameter of ±23.5° for one year to track the position of the sun.
關於追日裝置、追日方法之先前技術，其設計及運用上 =、弊，在此不多做評述。在此僅指出追日裝置、追日方法之^ 如技術，其共同的限制即為僅能適用在固定位置型態之太陽能 集系統，而不適用於安置位置可隨意改變的行動& = 可攜式太陽能收集系統、可移動式太陽能收集系‘ H在父通工具(例如，汽車、機車、船隻、電動代步車、電動^ 椅等)上的太陽能收集系統。 平4動輪 【發明内容】Regarding the previous techniques of chasing the Japanese device and chasing the Japanese method, the design and application of the previous and the disadvantages are not mentioned here. Here, only the techniques for chasing the Japanese device and the method of chasing the Japanese are pointed out. The common limitation is that the solar collector system can only be applied to the fixed position type, and is not suitable for the action that can be changed at the resetting position & = Portable solar collection system, mobile solar collection system 'H is a solar energy collection system on the father's tools (for example, cars, locomotives, boats, electric scooters, electric chairs, etc.). Flat 4 moving wheel [Summary content]
統用=日挪供—難—嫩陽能蝴 r收發明之-具體實_之追日裝置，其係供—行動太陽 :集糸摘並且包含—第—致動裝置、—第二致動裝置、 - 電子羅盤以及一控制/處理模組。該第-致動f置包人 構件。該第二致動她系固定於該可轉動構ίί並i 組用動===陽能收集系統。該接收模 =關於該行動太===== 組係分能滅之—綠。該嫌處理模 電耗5至5玄第—致動褒置、該第二致動裝置、該接收模 7 < S ) 制/處理模組用以根據該至少兩地理參 制/處理太陽位置演算法。該控 角以及該決定的仰角控制該第-致::置 動轉動’且控卿二致動裝置進而= U 1該5=理參數，關於該行動太陽能收集;ί . °x追日方法接著偵測關於該行動太陽能系统之一方 ===以及該太“對照表或== 式得：點與精神可以藉由以下的發明詳述及所附圖 【實施方式】 ======== J m t^(ge〇graPhk ParameterX^^^^(longitude)^^ ())的影響。本發明即在提供一種追日裝置’可以針對行動太 =收集系統通舰地解決上述㈣ 精神 似及實際應用案例，藉以丄明之具 3 Tmi^^ 保持與太陽4 Si订=動提于動太陽能收集系統3 =太陽_=3 或可移動式的系統，或是一併安裝在交通工具上併執仃成可搆式 devic^lO ^(actuating module) 14、一電子羅般^^丨t . 接收模組（receiving 盤脱。該第—致練置⑴ 」、之齒的轉 ’、-身之傳輸軸直接嚙合該轉盤1〇2，如圖一所示。、 102 Γ樣^Ϊ^；Γ ’該第二致練置12個定於該可轉動構件 齒，—24 ’該行動太陽能口 該第二致動裳置12並且包含—❻…二)歧沒抽上。 之傳輸轴直接嘴合該齒輪。馬達126 ’該馬達126係以其本身 該接收模組Μ用以接收—日期、_目前_以及至少兩地 1338114 °除了仰接收缝鱗料，該GPS接收 器14 Η時可以接收日期以及目前時間， 按收 疋的協調世界時間值(coordinated universal time，UTC)。所規 於實際應用令，該控制/處理模組18可以包— 預^多個太陽位置對照表或多的太陽位置演算^，'ί ，内擷取對應的太陽位置對照表或對應的 Ϊ的控制/處理模組18也可以透過該接收模組接3 w的太陽位置對照表或對應的太陽位置演算法。 表的S閱^ ’圖二係繪示採用於本發明内之—太陽位置對昭 ft及緯度）、分別對應於該等位置地理參數之複數個‘ ，、分別對應於該等位置座標以及該等時間值的複數個 =General use = day of the supply - difficult - tender yang can be collected by the invention - the concrete _ of the chasing device, its supply - action sun: set pick and contain - the first - actuating device, - second actuation Device, - electronic compass and a control / processing module. The first-actuating f-packages the member. The second actuation is fixed to the rotatable structure and the group is activated by the === yang energy collection system. The receiving mode = about the action too ===== The group is able to extinguish - green. The modulating mode power consumption 5 to 5 第 — 致 致 致 该 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 Algorithm. The control angle and the determined elevation angle control the first:: set the rotation 'and the control unit 2 actuation device and then = U 1 the 5 = rational parameter, about the action solar collection; ί . ° x chase method followed by Detecting one side of the action solar system === and the too "comparison table or == formula: point and spirit can be detailed by the following invention and the drawing [embodiment] ======= = J mt^(ge〇graPhk ParameterX^^^^(longitude)^^ ()). The present invention provides a chasing device that can solve the above-mentioned (4) mentally-like behavior for the action too = collection system. The actual application case, by means of the Ming Dynasty 3 Tmi ^ ^ keeps with the sun 4 Si set = moving to the solar collector system 3 = sun _ = 3 or mobile system, or installed on the vehicle and仃成可式式devic^lO ^(actuating module) 14, an electronically-like ^^丨t. Receiver module (receiving disk off. The first - to practice (1)", the tooth's turn', - body The transmission shaft directly engages the turntable 1〇2, as shown in Fig. 1. 102 Γ Ϊ ^ Ϊ ^; Γ 'The second practice set 12 is set to be rotatable Tooth member, -24 'the action of the second actuator port solar skirts 12 and comprises opposing two -❻ ...) is not drawn on the manifold. The transmission shaft directly engages the gear. The motor 126 'the motor 126 is used by the receiving module 接收 to receive - date, _ current _ and at least two places 1338114 ° in addition to receiving the squama, the GPS receiver 14 接收 can receive the date and the current time , according to the coordinated universal time (UTC). According to the actual application order, the control/processing module 18 can package a plurality of solar position comparison tables or a plurality of solar position calculations ^, 'ί , and take corresponding sun position comparison tables or corresponding Ϊ The control/processing module 18 can also be connected to the sun position map of the 3 w or the corresponding sun position algorithm through the receiving module. The drawing of the table is shown in Fig. 2, which is used in the present invention - the position of the sun to the ft and the latitude, respectively, corresponding to the plurality of geographical parameters of the positions, respectively corresponding to the position coordinates and the a plurality of equal time values =
Mar azunmh)以及太陽仰角(solar devati〇n)。舉例而^ ^一 對J表中第-觸記錄之經度絲經⑹121度3。^分:^ ^北推)25度03.038分；時間為協調世界時間1〇時〇 & 秒；太陽方位為113度；太陽仰角為4146度。 刀 為了修正地勢所造成的誤差，於實際應用中，除了經度、 度外’該至少^地理參數並且包含關⑽位置之—海 控，理模組18除了根據該目前時間、_測到的方位二 ，陽位置對照表或該太陽位置演算法外，並且根據該海拔高度決 疋該方位角以及該仰角，藉此修正地勢所造成的誤差。 、 為了修正地形所造成的誤差，於另一具體實施例中，根據 發明之追日_丨進-步包含—電子水平儀(elee_e level)2〇， 如圖一所不。該電子水平儀2〇係電耦合至該控制/處理模組18。 該電子水平儀2〇用以偵測關於該行動太陽能收集系統3之一傾 斜角度(elvel)。該控制/處理模組18除了根據該海拔高度、該目 1338114 、—風速(wind —d)或是-濕度(humidity)，等環 供如= 圖二係繪示根據本發明之—具體實施例之-種 曰方法6的流程 供如圖所不之行動太陽能收集系統3用之追 圖。 如根ίίΐ明之追日方法6首先執行步驟S60，以接收-日 於二二^及至少兩地理參數，其中該至少兩地理參數係 關於该订動太錢集系統3所安置之一位置。 能系C之方法6執行步驟S62，以偵測關於該行動太陽 表或隨執行步驟S64，以載入一太陽位置對照 測到’以根據該目前時間、該偵 方位角以及-仰肖 置龍表或該太陽似演算法，決定一 丄^追日方法6執行步驟s68 ’以根據該決定的方位角 以及該叙的仰角，轉_行動太陽驗㈣統3。 以及應用中’該至少兩地理參數包含關於該位置之一經度 ％少兩地理參數可以藉由-全球衛星定位 ^、、。 文态或一辅助全球衛星定位系統(AGPS)接收器所接 可以置緯度外，該至少兩地理參數並且 置之海拔咼度。並且，該方位角以及該仰角Mar azunmh) and the sun elevation angle (solar devati〇n). For example, ^^ a pair of J records in the first-touch record longitude filaments (6) 121 degrees 3. ^分: ^ ^北推) 25 degrees 03.038 points; time is 1 time 协调 & seconds of coordinated world time; sun direction is 113 degrees; sun elevation angle is 4146 degrees. In order to correct the error caused by the terrain, in practice, in addition to the longitude and degree, the at least ^ geographic parameter and the position of the off (10) position, the control module 18 is in addition to the current time, the measured position. Second, the positive position comparison table or the solar position algorithm, and the azimuth angle and the elevation angle are determined according to the altitude, thereby correcting the error caused by the terrain. In order to correct the error caused by the terrain, in another embodiment, according to the invention, the tracking method includes an electronic level (elee_e level) 2, as shown in FIG. The electronic level 2 is electrically coupled to the control/processing module 18. The electronic level 2 is used to detect an elvel of an action solar energy collection system 3. The control/processing module 18 is shown in accordance with the present invention in accordance with the altitude, the head 1338114, the wind speed (wind_d), or the humidity (humidity). The flow of the method 6 is for the action of the solar energy collection system 3 as shown in the figure. The rooting method 6 first performs step S60 to receive -days and at least two geographic parameters, wherein the at least two geographic parameters are related to one location of the subscription money collection system 3. The method 6 of the system C performs step S62 to detect the solar table with respect to the action or to perform step S64 to load a sun position to measure 'to determine the azimuth according to the current time, The table or the sun-like algorithm determines that the method of traversing the day 6 performs step s68' to determine the azimuth angle of the decision and the elevation angle of the narration, and the _ action sun test (four) system 3. And in the application, the at least two geographic parameters include less than one of the locations, the longitude of the two geographic parameters can be obtained by - global satellite positioning ^, . The state or an auxiliary global satellite positioning system (AGPS) receiver can be connected to the latitude, and the at least two geographic parameters are set to the altitude. And the azimuth angle and the elevation angle
S 13 該侧_綠以太陽位置對照表或 罝轉法外並且根據該海拔高度來決定。 ^ 根據該目前時門斜角度。並且，該方位角以及該仰角除了 陽位置演算的方位以及該太陽位置對照表或該太 、去外並且根據該傾斜角度及或該海拔高度來決定。 陽能收隹“體實，中，該追日方法6並且感測關於該行動太 止該行^太環境參數’並且根據該環境參數，選擇性地停 可以是-昭統3之運作。於實際應射，該環境參數 J以疋照度、一風速或一濕度，等環境參數。 数 a 由以上’對本發明之較佳具體實施例的詳細說明，可以 ，解根據本發明之追日裝置及追日方法適用於可』換以楚 :太系統。除了考量到地理參數(包含經度與及緯度; 二，本發明之追日裝置及追日方法更通盤性地解決行動太陽 ϊ ίίίίΓ擺放的方位以及地勢、地形所造成的影響。此 追日裝置及追日找也會因躺遭環境，做操 藉由以上較佳具體實施例之詳述，係希望能更加清楚描 ，明之特賴精神’而並非以上述所揭露的触频實施例 本發明之齡加以關。相反地’其目的是希望能涵蓋各種改變 及具相等性的安排於本發明所欲申請之專利範圍的範疇内。因 此，本發明所申請之專利範圍的範疇應該根據上述的說明作最寬 廣的解釋，以致使其涵蓋所有可能的改變以及具相等性的安排見 1338114 【圖式簡單說明】 圖一係根據本發明之一具體實施例的追日裝置1以及其所支 撐轉動的行動太陽能系統3之示意圖。 圖二為採用於本發明内之一太陽位置對照表的範例。 圖三係根據本發明之一具體實施例的追日方法6之流程圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 :追日裝置 10 :第一致動裝置 102 :可轉動構件 104、126 :馬達 12 :第二致動裝置 122 :支撐軸 124 :齒輪 14 :接收模組 16 :電子羅盤 18 :控制/處理模組 182 :儲存模組 20 :電子水平儀 22 :輸入模組 24 :位置決定模組 26 :感測模組 3:行動太陽能收集系統 4 :太陽 5 :衛星 6 :裝日方法 S60〜S68 ·•流程步驟 15S 13 This side _ green is determined by the sun position comparison table or the 罝 rotation method and is determined according to the altitude. ^ According to the current time gate angle. And, the azimuth angle and the elevation angle are determined in addition to the orientation of the positive position calculation and the sun position comparison table or the too, and depending on the inclination angle and the altitude. The yang can accept the "body, the middle, the chase method 6 and sense that the action is too long for the line ^ too environmental parameter' and according to the environmental parameter, the selective stop can be - the operation of the Zhaotong 3. Actually, the environmental parameter J is an environmental parameter such as illuminance, a wind speed or a humidity, etc. Number a From the above detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sun-tracking device according to the present invention and The method of chasing the day is applicable to the "can be changed" to Chu: too system. In addition to considering the geographical parameters (including longitude and latitude; Second, the Japanese chasing device and the method of chasing the Japanese are more effective in solving the action sun ϊ ί ί ί Azimuth and influence caused by topography and terrain. This chasing device and chasing the sun will also be based on the environment, and the operation will be explained in detail by the above specific embodiments. The invention is not limited by the scope of the invention disclosed above. The purpose of the invention is to provide a variety of modifications and equivalent arrangements within the scope of the claimed invention. Therefore, the scope of the patent application scope of the present invention should be construed broadly so that it may be construed in accordance with the above description so that all possible changes and equivalent arrangements can be found in 1338114. [Simple Description of the Drawings] Figure 1 is based on this FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a solar position comparison table used in the present invention. FIG. 3 is an example of a solar position comparison table used in the present invention. FIG. Flowchart of the method of chasing the sun of the embodiment 6. [Description of main component symbols] 1 : Chasing device 10: First actuating device 102: Rotatable member 104, 126: Motor 12: Second actuating device 122: Supporting shaft 124: Gear 14: Receiver Module 16: Electronic Compass 18: Control/Processing Module 182: Storage Module 20: Electronic Level 22: Input Module 24: Position Determination Module 26: Sensing Module 3: Mobile Solar Collection System 4: Sun 5: Satellite 6: Installation Method S60~S68 ·• Process Step 15