修正替換頁 1332642 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種壓差式保全回路偵測器，以及具有 壓差式保全回路偵測功能的保全系統。 【先前技術】 隨著生活型態的改變，人們因差勤或旅遊等因素而致 居家時間逐漸縮短，同時，近年社會治安的惡化，逐漸令 許多私人住戶或公司行號開始選擇利用保全系統，以維護 • 住居所、人身及財產上的安全。 然而，傳統的保全系統常遭竊賊所破壞而導致失效， 所以在保全系統上開始出現回路偵測裝置，當回路出現異 常時則發出警告，以確保保全系統的正常運作。 一般的保全回路偵測只有做無終端阻抗式的「回路短 路」或「回路斷路」偵測（在本文統稱爲「短斷路式」）， 如第3圖所示，短路式感測偵測配線係在並聯回路上裝設 多個感知器，當感知器發現異常時便自動短路，當保全主 φ 機察覺短路時則發出警報；另外，斷路式感測偵測配線係 在串聯回路上裝設多個感知器，當感知器發現異常時便自 , 動斷路（開路），當保全主機察覺斷路時則發出警報。 而功能較佳者，則是在回路末端加入終端阻抗，在主 % 機端則可用電壓値之偵測（在本文中稱爲「電壓偵測式j)， 但因考慮到因回路線路老化而導致線阻增加的情況，因此 須將回路偵測設計爲：在某個範圍內的電壓均算正常，以 免引起誤報。 然而，隨著保全設備的推陳出新，竊賊的手法也愈來 1332642 月亨日修正替换頁 愈高明，其中，「短斷路式」的保全回路最容易遭破壞。然 而，高明的竊賊，對於「電壓偵測式」的回路，則也有兩 種破壞方式，一種爲「接阻抗式」，即在保全回路上，直接 接上「終端阻抗」，而將後面的回路線剪斷，則所有回路上 的感知器被脫離後，則全數失效。另一種則稱「固定電壓 / 式」，其方法爲直接將小電池接在保全主機回路上，再將回 路後的線路剪斷，則保全主機仍會誤判爲回路正常，而事 實上回路早已被破壞殆盡，保全主機完全無法奏效。 【發明內容】 · 有鑑於此，本發明人硏發出低成本的壓差式保全回路 偵測器，可防止上述的回路破壞方式，主要是利用瞬間的 電壓變化來偵測回路線是否正常，另外還可偵測該回路線 的平均電壓是否在標準的範圍內，而且配有固定電組回路 來防止誤報，且「短路」感測式的配線方式，可第一時間 通報回路線斷線等等的異常狀態，以便進行査修。 本發明係一種具有壓差式的回路偵測功能的保全系 統，其特徵爲包括：保全主機、設定解除器、終端阻抗、 φ 感知器以及上位管制中心。 其中，該保全主機包括：中央處理器；記憶裝置；壓 _ 差式偵測回路裝置，含有直流電壓輸出端與輸入偵測端與 該端接地的短路保護電阻回路、以及接於輸入偵測端的類 ^ 比/數位轉換裝置；內部固定電阻回路；以及通訊控制器。 該設定解除器包括操作部、警示裝置，及與通訊裝置； 該終端阻抗包括一對回路線以及設置在該回路線上且 可偵測防護區內的狀況的感知器； -6-MODIFICATION REPLACEMENT PAGE 1332642 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a differential pressure type safety loop detector and a security system having a differential pressure type safety loop detection function. [Prior Art] With the change of life style, people's home time has been gradually shortened due to factors such as duty or travel. At the same time, the deterioration of public security in recent years has gradually led many private households or companies to choose to use the security system. To maintain • the safety of residence, people and property. However, the traditional security system is often destroyed by thieves and causes failure. Therefore, the loop detection device starts to appear on the security system, and a warning is issued when the loop is abnormal to ensure the normal operation of the security system. In general, the loop detection is only a "circuit short circuit" or "loop open circuit" detection (referred to herein as "short circuit type"). As shown in Figure 3, the short-circuit sensing detection wiring is shown in Figure 3. A plurality of sensors are installed on the parallel circuit, and when the sensor detects an abnormality, it is automatically short-circuited, and when the main φ machine is detected to be short-circuited, an alarm is issued; in addition, the open-circuit sensing detection wiring is installed on the series circuit. Multiple perceptrons, when the perceptron finds an abnormality, it will automatically open the circuit (open circuit), and when the security host detects the disconnection, it will issue an alarm. For better function, the terminal impedance is added at the end of the loop, and the voltage 値 is detected at the main % terminal (referred to herein as "voltage detection type j"), but due to the aging of the loop line This leads to an increase in line resistance. Therefore, the loop detection must be designed such that the voltage within a certain range is normal, so as not to cause false alarms. However, with the innovation of the security equipment, the thief’s technique is also increasing. The more correct the replacement page is, the "short-circuit" security loop is most vulnerable to damage. However, the thief of Gaoming has two ways of destroying the "voltage detection type" circuit. One type is "connected impedance type", that is, on the safety circuit, directly connected to the "terminal impedance", and the latter will be back. When the route is cut, all the sensors on the loop are detached and all fail. The other type is called "fixed voltage / type". The method is to directly connect the small battery to the security host circuit, and then cut the circuit after the circuit, the security host will still misjudge the loop as normal, but the loop has already been Destruction is exhausted and the host is completely ineffective. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above, the present inventors have issued a low-cost differential pressure type safety loop detector, which can prevent the above-mentioned circuit failure mode, mainly by using an instantaneous voltage change to detect whether the circuit line is normal or not. It can also detect whether the average voltage of the loop line is within the standard range, and it is equipped with a fixed electric group circuit to prevent false alarms, and the "short circuit" sensing type wiring method can notify the circuit line disconnection in the first time, etc. The abnormal state for the repair. The invention is a security system with a differential pressure loop detection function, which comprises: a security host, a setting releaser, a terminal impedance, a φ sensor, and a superior control center. The security host includes: a central processing unit; a memory device; a pressure-to-difference detection circuit device, and a short-circuit protection resistor circuit including a DC voltage output terminal, an input detection terminal and the ground of the terminal, and an input detection terminal. Class ^ digital / digital conversion device; internal fixed resistance loop; and communication controller. The setting release device includes an operation unit, a warning device, and a communication device; the terminal impedance includes a pair of circuit lines and a sensor disposed on the circuit line and capable of detecting a condition in the protection area; -6-
1332642 該上位管制中心包括可與保全主機雙向通訊之通訊裝 置，與可監控保全主機狀態之人機界面等。 而該通訊裝置爲實體線路或無線線路之資訊通訊裝 置’例如 RS-485、ADSL、GPRS、GSM、PSTN 或 Leased line 等等。且該操作部可以是讀卡裝置、密碼器、遙控器等裝 置。 另外，該通訊裝置係以有線或無線的方式連線至該保 全主機。其中，該感知器係體溫感測器、磁簧感測器或音 頻偵測感測器。且該警示裝置係LED、語音裝置或蜂鳴器。 除了具備”電壓偵測式”保全回路的優點外，更具有 以下優點： (a) 各回路線皆具有不同的「終端阻抗」，不易遭破壞： 在各個保全回路線上設置各種不同的「終端阻抗」，使 竊賊無法以單一手法來處理每個保全回路線，進而提高 破壞回路線的難度。 (b) 防止在防護期間內遭到「接回路式」的破壞手法： 可偵測各回路線上瞬間的電壓變化，其方法爲判斷「動 態平均電壓Av」與「目前電壓Cv」的壓差，即可察覺 回路線異常，以防止「接終端阻抗」式與「固定電壓」 式的破壞方式。 (c) 防止非防護時間內的回路線預先破壞： 防止竊賊在系統解除期間預先破壞回路線，亦即偷偷接 上”終端阻抗”在保全回路線上，而把後面連有感知器 的回路線均脫離，因不正確的終端阻抗，保全主機會認 定爲回路線異常，致使該回路線無法復原，當保全系統 1332642__ 件f吟修正替換貢 、_ I mb ι.— 欲進行設定時，保全主機就會發出警告以提示使用者， 進而申告上位管制中心。 (d) 爲防止工作電壓異常所引起的誤報： 當「固定電阻」回路線的電壓有異常時，則「壓差」偵 測的靈敏度需自動調低，以防止誤報，例如：因市電停 電而僅以內部的備用電池供電時。 (e) 在非防護期間內，若發生回路線斷線，亦可立即得知並 提早修護： 在系統解除防護時，若保全回路線發生異常斷線（如遭 老鼠咬斷），則保全主機會自動回報上位管制中心，則 管制員可立即得知線路異常，並儘速派人進行維修，以 免保全主機無法進入防護狀態。 【實施方式】 首先，參照第1圖來說明本發明之具有壓差式回路偵 測功能的保全系統。 本發明之保全系統係如第1圖所示，其具備有保全主 機1、設定解除器2、終端阻抗3、上位管制中心4、回路 線10、回路線上之感知器11。其中，設定解除器2與保全 主機1連線，感知器11則並接在回路線10上而連接至保 全主機1，而在回路線10的最後端則接上終端阻抗3。最 後保全主機1與上位管制中心4連線，以完成整個系統連 線作業。 其中，在第1圖中，雖僅表示一條回路線10，但在實 際應用中並非限於此，該保全主機1可以連接一條以上的 回路線10。 修正替換頁 1332642 其中，該保全主機更包含中央處理器5、記憶裝置6、 壓差式偵測回路裝置7、內部固定電阻回路8以及通訊控 制器9。 當開始使用時，藉由該設定解除器2使該保全主機1 進入設定（setup)模式。此時該保全主機1的該中央處理器 5會透過該壓差式偵測回路裝置7來設定每個保全回路線 10在正常運作時的參考電壓Rv，並選擇其偵測的靈敏度 Sn，並將各回路線10的參考電壓Rv與靈敏度Sn記錄於該 記憶裝置6內，其中，靈敏度Sn被分成等級1〜10，可根 據需求來進行調整，預設値是在設等級4。 其中，如第2圖所示，該壓差式偵測回路裝置7係具 備類比 /數位轉換裝置 ADC(Analog to Digital Converter)， 可將類比電壓轉換爲數位値，例如8位元的0〜255或是10 位元的0〜1023。接著，該壓差式偵測回路裝置7之B點 係輸出例如DC 12V的電壓，經過該感知器11後通過終端 阻抗R3，該終端阻抗R3係一般電阻（例如400Ω )，被置於 該回路線10的最末端。最後再經過輸入之Μ點回到該壓差 式偵測回路裝置7。 在該回路線10上係進一步設置有用於限流的接地電 阻R1，例如200 Ω，目的是防止當外界回路短路時所造成 的電流過大。該接地電阻R1之一端是接地，另一端是接至 該Μ點。而該Μ點输入端係經過一個高阻抗電阻R2，例 如10kQ，而連接到ADC偵測裝置。如果保全主機所使用 的中央處理器有提供ADC的功能，則可直接連接到中央處 理器的ADC輸入針腳（pin)。藉由以上電路就可設定出保全 -9- 1332642 _ 制吟曰修正替換頁 回路線10在正常運作時的參考電壓Rv。 然而，除了該參考電壓Rv之外，本系統更包含隨時擷 取目前線上的電壓値，將之設爲目前電壓Cv，以及計算出 某個時段內的電壓平均値，並將之設爲動態平均電壓Αν。 其中，該內部固定電阻回路8係具有既定壓差値的兩 個電阻，一個用於判斷短路，另一個用於判斷斷路。另外， 透過該內部固定電阻回路8，更可提供以下功能：一般在 以市電供電時，在該內部固定電阻回路8上偵測到的工作 電壓爲13V左右，當市電停電時，會自動切換到備用電源 (例如UPS)來供電，此時，在該內部固定電阻回路8上偵測 到的電壓會降至12V，僅藉由該電壓値就可得知當前供電 狀態，並做出相對應的處置。 故本發明之保全系統需隨時偵測該內部固定電阻回路 8上的壓差値（亦即，固定的該目前電壓Cv與固定的該動態 平均電壓Av的壓差ΔΑ(：ν，正常的固定ΔΑ(：ν應等於0)是 否在正常範圍內。若外部線路正常，但因爲停電而導致△ ACv變動而被判爲異常，則需降低外部回路之偵測靈敏度 Sn的値；相反地，若不夠靈敏，則須調升該靈敏度Sn。 當使用者藉由該設定解除器2使保全系統進入「防護」 狀態之後，保全主機1會先後檢査△ ARv及Δ ACv。 首先，偵測所有外部回路之動態平均電壓Αν與參考電 壓Rv的差値△ ARv，若當在防護狀態當中發現該差値△ ARv 超過所設定之靈敏度Sn之正常範圍，則該保全主機1係透 過該通訊控制器9送出該回路「異常」狀態至該上位管制 中心4並發出警告予使用者。 -10- 1332642 修正替換頁 而若外部回路Αν與Rv的差値△ ARv爲正常，則接著 偵測Αν與Cv的差値△ ACv，若超過所設定之靈敏度Sn的 正常範圍，則該保全主機1透過該通訊控制器9送出「異 常」狀態至該上位管制中心4。 當使用者藉由該設定解除器2使保全系統進入「解除」 狀態之前，外部線路遭到竊賊修改而呈現短路狀態時，則 會偵測到：動態平均電壓Av>參考電壓Rv(Av> Rv)，且該 差値△ ARv超出正常範圍時，則該保全主機1送出「回路 短路」狀態至上位管制中心4，並且使得該保全主機2無 法進入「防護」狀態。此時，使用者就會申告該上位管制 中心4,由該上位管制中心4派人察看線路是否已遭破壞， 以防止竊賊在「解除」期間內，企圖預先破壞保全回路線， 使其失效，而在使用者設定「防護」後，才進行偷竊》 另一方面，當使用者藉由該設定解除器2讓該保全主 機1進入「解除」狀態之前，外部線路遭到竊賊剪斷而呈 現斷路狀態時，則會偵測到：偵測動態平均電壓Αν <參考 電壓Rv(Av< Rv)，且該差値△ ARv超出正常範圍時，則該 保全主機1送出「回路斷線」狀態至該上位管制中心4, 該上位管制中心4收到回路斷線信號後，就會即時派人査 修回路線路-，以免因回路無法復舊，而導致保全主機無法 進入「防護」狀態。 藉由以上說明，本發明能以低成本的壓差式保全回路 偵測器來防止上述的回路破壞方式，可第一時間通報回路 斷線等等的異常狀態，以便進行査修，具有高度產業利用 性及進步性》 -11- 1332642_ 相吟日修正替換頁 . 雖本發明已針對較佳實施例予以描述，但該等實施例 係僅描述而非限定於此，熟習於本項技藝之該等人士將理 解的是，可在不背離本發明下文申請專利範圍中所界定之 本發明的範疇及精神下，進行各種修正及變化。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖係表示本發明之保全系統的方塊圖。 ： 第2圖係壓差式偵測回路裝置之細節的表示圖。 第3圖係表示習知之短斷路式感測偵測配線的線路 圖。 · 【主要元件符號說明】 1 保全主機 2 設定解除器 3 終端阻抗 4 上位管制中心 5 中央處理器 6 記憶裝置 7 壓差式偵測回路裝置 φ 8 內部固定電阻回路 9 通訊控制器 _ 10 回路線1332642 The upper control center includes a communication device that can communicate with the security host in two-way communication, and a human-machine interface that can monitor the state of the security host. The communication device is a physical communication device or a wireless communication device such as RS-485, ADSL, GPRS, GSM, PSTN or Leased line. And the operation portion may be a card reading device, a cipher, a remote controller or the like. In addition, the communication device is wired to the security host in a wired or wireless manner. The sensor is a body temperature sensor, a magnetic spring sensor or an audio detection sensor. And the warning device is an LED, a voice device or a buzzer. In addition to the advantages of the "voltage detection type" safety circuit, it has the following advantages: (a) Each circuit line has a different "terminal impedance" and is not easily damaged: various "terminal impedances" are set on each of the safety circuit lines. This makes it impossible for thieves to handle each of the security circuit lines in a single way, thereby increasing the difficulty of breaking the circuit line. (b) Preventing "breaking loop" damage during the protection period: It can detect the instantaneous voltage change on each circuit line by judging the voltage difference between "dynamic average voltage Av" and "current voltage Cv". You can detect the abnormality of the loop line to prevent the "terminal impedance" type and the "fixed voltage" type of damage. (c) Prevent pre-destruction of the return line during non-protection time: Prevent the thief from pre-damaging the return line during the system release, that is, sneak up the "terminal impedance" on the safety circuit line, and connect the circuit line with the sensor behind it. Disengagement, due to the incorrect terminal impedance, the security host will be identified as a loop abnormality, so that the loop can not be restored, when the security system 1342264__ pieces f吟 correction replacement tribute, _ I mb ι. - to set, the security host A warning will be issued to prompt the user to report to the upper control center. (d) In order to prevent false alarms caused by abnormal operating voltage: When the voltage of the "fixed resistor" return line is abnormal, the sensitivity of the "pressure difference" detection needs to be automatically lowered to prevent false alarms, for example, due to power failure. Only when powered by an internal backup battery. (e) In the non-protection period, if the circuit line breaks, it can be immediately known and repaired early: When the system is unprotected, if the safety circuit line is abnormally broken (such as being bitten by a mouse), then the security is saved. If the host automatically returns to the upper control center, the controller can immediately know the abnormality of the line and send the repair as soon as possible to prevent the security host from entering the protection state. [Embodiment] First, a security system having a differential pressure loop detection function according to the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 1. As shown in Fig. 1, the security system of the present invention includes a security master 1, a setting canceller 2, a terminal impedance 3, a higher-level control center 4, a loop 10, and a sensor 11 on a return line. The setter 2 is connected to the security host 1, and the sensor 11 is connected to the security line 1 in parallel with the circuit line 10, and the terminal impedance 3 is connected to the last end of the circuit line 10. Finally, the host 1 is connected to the upper control center 4 to complete the entire system connection. Although only one loop line 10 is shown in Fig. 1, it is not limited to this in practical applications, and the security host 1 can connect one or more return routes 10. The replacement replacement page 1332642 further includes a central processing unit 5, a memory device 6, a differential pressure detecting circuit device 7, an internal fixed resistance circuit 8, and a communication controller 9. When the use is started, the security master 1 is brought into a setup mode by the setting release unit 2. At this time, the central processing unit 5 of the security host 1 transmits the reference voltage Rv of each of the preserved return lines 10 during normal operation through the differential pressure detecting circuit device 7, and selects the sensitivity Sn detected. The reference voltage Rv and the sensitivity Sn of each of the return lines 10 are recorded in the memory device 6, wherein the sensitivity Sn is divided into levels 1 to 10, which can be adjusted according to requirements, and the preset value is set to level 4. As shown in FIG. 2, the differential pressure detecting circuit device 7 is provided with an analog to digital converter (Analog to Digital Converter), which can convert analog voltage into digital 値, for example, 0 to 255 of 8 bits. Or 0 to 1023 for 10 bits. Then, the point B of the differential pressure detecting circuit device 7 outputs a voltage of, for example, DC 12V, passes through the sensor 11 and passes through the terminal impedance R3, and the terminal impedance R3 is a general resistance (for example, 400 Ω), which is placed in the back. At the very end of route 10. Finally, the input is returned to the differential pressure detecting circuit device 7. A grounding resistor R1 for current limiting, such as 200 Ω, is further provided on the return line 10 for the purpose of preventing excessive current flow when the external circuit is short-circuited. One end of the grounding resistor R1 is grounded, and the other end is connected to the defect. The input of the defect is connected to the ADC detection device via a high-impedance resistor R2, such as 10kQ. If the central processor used by the security host has the functionality to provide an ADC, it can be directly connected to the ADC input pin of the central processor. With the above circuit, you can set the security -9- 1332642 _ 吟曰 吟曰 替换 替换 回 回 回 回 回 回 回 回 回 回 回 回 回 回 回 回 回 回 回 回 回 回 回However, in addition to the reference voltage Rv, the system further includes taking the voltage 目前 on the current line at any time, setting it as the current voltage Cv, and calculating the average voltage 某个 in a certain period of time, and setting it as a dynamic average. Voltage Αν. Among them, the internal fixed resistance loop 8 is two resistors having a predetermined differential pressure 値, one for judging a short circuit and the other for judging an open circuit. In addition, through the internal fixed resistance circuit 8, the following functions can be provided: generally, when the power is supplied from the commercial power, the working voltage detected on the internal fixed resistance circuit 8 is about 13V, and when the utility power is cut off, it will automatically switch to A backup power source (such as a UPS) is used to supply power. At this time, the voltage detected on the internal fixed resistance loop 8 is reduced to 12V, and the current power supply state can be known only by the voltage ,, and the corresponding power is made. Dispose of. Therefore, the security system of the present invention needs to detect the differential pressure 値 on the internal fixed resistance loop 8 at any time (that is, the fixed differential pressure ΔΑ between the current voltage Cv and the fixed dynamic average voltage Av (: ν, normal fixed Whether ΔΑ(:ν should be equal to 0) is within the normal range. If the external line is normal, but the ΔACv changes due to power failure and is judged to be abnormal, the detection sensitivity of the external circuit Sn should be reduced; conversely, if If the user is not sensitive enough, the sensitivity Sn must be increased. After the user puts the security system into the "protection" state by the setting release device 2, the security host 1 checks the ΔARv and ΔACv in succession. First, all external circuits are detected. The difference between the dynamic average voltage Αν and the reference voltage Rv 値 Δ ARv, if the difference 値 ARv is found to exceed the normal range of the set sensitivity Sn in the guard state, the security host 1 is sent through the communication controller 9 The loop "abnormal" state to the upper control center 4 and issued a warning to the user. -10- 1332642 Correct the replacement page and if the difference between the external circuit Αν and Rv 値 ARv is normal, then Detecting the difference Α ACv between Αν and Cv, if the normal range of the set sensitivity Sn is exceeded, the security host 1 sends an "abnormal" state to the upper control center 4 through the communication controller 9. When the user uses When the setting release device 2 causes the external circuit to be modified by the thief to be in a short-circuit state before the security system enters the "release" state, the dynamic average voltage Av> is referred to as a reference voltage Rv (Av > Rv), and the difference is detected.値 △ When the ARv is out of the normal range, the security host 1 sends a "loop short circuit" status to the upper control center 4, and the security host 2 cannot enter the "protection" state. At this time, the user will report to the upper control center. 4. The superior control center 4 sends a person to check whether the line has been damaged to prevent the thief from attempting to prematurely destroy the security circuit line during the "release" period, and then disable it after the user sets "protection". On the other hand, when the user puts the security host 1 into the "release" state by the setting release device 2, the external line is cut by the thief to present an open circuit. In the state, it detects: detecting the dynamic average voltage Αν < reference voltage Rv (Av < Rv), and when the difference 値 Δ ARv is outside the normal range, the security host 1 sends a "loop disconnection" state to The upper control center 4, after receiving the loop disconnection signal, the upper control center 4 will immediately send a person to repair the loop line - so as to prevent the loop from being able to return to the old state, thereby preventing the host from entering the "protective" state. It is to be noted that the present invention can prevent the above-mentioned circuit failure mode by using a low-cost differential pressure type safety loop detector, and can notify the abnormal state of the circuit disconnection and the like in the first time for inspection and maintenance, and has high industrial applicability and </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; It is understood that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing the security system of the present invention. : Figure 2 is a representation of the details of the differential pressure detection loop device. Figure 3 is a circuit diagram showing a conventional short-circuit sensing sensing wiring. · [Main component symbol description] 1 Security host 2 Setting release device 3 Terminal impedance 4 Host control center 5 CPU 6 Memory device 7 Differential pressure detection circuit device φ 8 Internal fixed resistance circuit 9 Communication controller _ 10 Back route
V 11 感知器 -12-V 11 sensor -12-