1330928 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於-種被動式直流至交流電能轉換裝置 ’特別是關於利用-絕緣變壓器、_具有空氣間隙之電感 益及-橋式整流器，以便可以將〜直流電源轉換成一交流 電源’例如將-太陽f池之錢^透過额動式直流至 父流電能轉換裝置反饋回交流電綠。1330928 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field of the invention] The present invention relates to a passive DC to AC power conversion device, particularly regarding the use of an insulated transformer, an inductor with an air gap, and a bridge rectifier, so that Converting ~DC power into an AC power supply, for example, will transfer the money from the sun-f pool to the AC green through the active DC to parent flow energy conversion device.
【先前技術】 ，白用獨立式太陽能電能轉換裝置，請參照第〗圖所示， 其^含一電源90、一整流二極體9卜一蓄電池％、一直流 至交流換流器93、-交流負載94及—介面電路％ n 9〇藉由該整流二極體91將一直流電能傳送至該蓄電Γ92 ’利用該蓄電池92作為緩衝以提供—穩.電量予对、六 至交流換流H 93。該直流至交％職蓄電池犯 之-直流電能轉換成-交流電能，以供應該交流負載料所 ，之電能。另外，該電能轉換裝置之介面電路％用以 ,餘的交流電能至市電线，或者由該市電 量 至該交流負載94之介面。 月匕里細[Prior Art], the white independent solar energy conversion device, please refer to the figure, which contains a power supply 90, a rectifying diode 9 and a battery%, flowing to the AC converter 93, - The AC load 94 and the interface circuit % n 9 are used to transfer the direct current power to the storage battery 92 by the rectifying diode 91. The battery 92 is used as a buffer to provide a stable, six-to-AC commutation H. 93. The DC to AC battery is converted to - AC power to supply the AC load. In addition, the interface circuit % of the power conversion device is used to supply the remaining AC power to the city line or from the interface of the utility power to the AC load 94. Moonlight
一般而言’上述制具有下列缺點，例如：由科 電成轉換裝置係使用該直流至交流換㈣9 I 轉換交流電能，錢電源9G係取自—自 能、海流能或風能時 > 由於其供應的電量並定:::太陽 陽光強時，其所能供應的電量〜、列如太 低，因此㈣設置該蓄電池92=^^’則電量降 PK10338 2007/7/6 更1疋该琶源90的直流 丄330928 能量與該直流至交流換流器93的交流能量 之穩定度’要達到實用上足夠的能量，則此蓄電換 電容量便不能太小’故而相對的提高整體的裝置。'蓄 再者’如第1圖所示，該直流至交流換流器 。 我振盈以產生交流電，雖然該交流電的頻率及 ^ 该市電系統提供參考’㈣，這種設計方式會 ^由 :2直流至交流換流器93產生故障時，會使‘電系= 入大量的干擾’因此’該f用電能轉換裝置必 _ = :防護設計’也因為如此’其將造成電路設計的複二干擾 提4缺點。此外’在市電系統需要進行維修保養T =對 ，該換流器的設計必須加裝_電源電壓變鱗 τ電時 2外界電壓低下時’必f與市電系統跳脫開，、否二， =電系統停電時’該換流器仍會持 :丨:形 =市電系統’即發生所謂的「 ::嚴 原因右有必要進—步改良上述習用電能轉換展置於上述 有鑑於此，本發明改良上述之㈣， ，器、-橋式整流器及—具有空之電二：:緣變 的初級側直接供應在==^^該絕緣變壓器 降低整體轉換器的裝置成本及使用’因此能 電能轉換裝置之特色在於饋:?二度。再者’該 如上述習用裝置内部之 貝入市電系統亚不是採用 控制’並且在外界供時:路^制’而是由市電系统來 發生所謂的「孤島效應㈣自動停止運作，所以絕不會 PK10338 2007/7/6 —7 1330928 【發明内容】 本發明之主要目的係提供一種被動式直流至交流電能轉 換裝置’其係應用於交流電，並藉由操作一絕緣變壓器、一 橋式整流器及一具有空氣間隙之電感器，以便進行直流電能 及交流電能之轉換’使得本發明具有降低裝置成本及降低控 制複雜度之功效。 根據本發明之被動式直流至交流電能轉換裝置，其包含 一電源、一反逆流二極體、一小容量蓄能裝置、一電力電子 開關、一迴路二極體、一橋式整流器、一電感器及一絕緣變 壓益。S玄電源具有一正端及一負端；在該電源的輸出端連接 該反逆流二極體及該小容量蓄能裝置；該電力電子開關串聯 連接该電源；該橋式整流器内部具有四個二極體；該絕緣變 壓态具有一次級側及一初級側，其次級側之一端與該電感器 之另一端連接，而該次級側之一端則與該橋式整流器之第二 端點連接’其初級側並聯市電系統，以便將至少一負載連接 至該市電系統上。該被動式直流至交流電能轉換裝置可藉由 該市電系統的交流電透過橋式整流器及電感器之操作，進行 直流電能及交流電能之間的轉換。 【實施方式] 為讓本發明之上述及其他目的、特徵及優點能更明顯易 懂’下文特舉本發明之較佳實施例，並配合所附圖式，作詳 細說明如下： 。月麥A?、第2圖所示，本發明較佳實施例之被動式直流至 父流電能轉換裝置係包含一電源S、一反逆流二極體1、一 PK10338 2007/7/6 8 1330928 小容量儲能裝置2…電力電子開關3、1路二極體*、 一橋式整流器5、一電感器ό' 一絕緣變麼器7、一六辛負 載8、一交流繼電器ry及一雙向閘流體開關該電 感器6係為一具有空氣間隙之電感器，該空氣間隙可避 %流注入該電感器6時發生磁飽和。該電源g係為一再生的 直流電源，例如一太陽能。 … 請再參照第2圖所示’該被動式直流至交流電能轉換茫 置之電源S、反逆流二極體i及電力電子_3係形成串聯 連接，且該電力電子開關3之另—端係、連接至該迴路二極體 4之-端及該橋式整流器5之第—端點51，該橋式效汽哭$ 之第三端點53電性連接該電源s之負端、該小容量儲能裝 =之另，端山及迴路二極體4之另1，科，該橋式整流 為之弟二端點53較佳則是透過_交流型繼電器ry及一 電阻器R所組成之串聯電路與該迴路二極體4 :另一端、 该小谷㈣能裝置2之另-端及該電源s之負端相互連接。 另外，4橋式整流器5之第二端點52則是經由串聯該雙向 問流體開關TRIAC連接至制_翻7之次級側71之一 端，該次級側之另—端串聯連接該電感器6之__端，而 該電感器6之另-端則連接至該橋式整流器5之第四端點 54。義緣’壓為7之初級側72並聯連接市電系統〔未標 示〕’該裝置所提供的至少—負載係連接至該市 電系統。 」青參照第3圖所#本發明較佳實施例之被動式直流 至又/瓜心轉換裝置之電力電子開關3及雙向間流體開關 TRIAC導通時，由於該絕緣變壓器7之初級側72係連接至 PK10338 2007/7/6 -.9 — 1330928 . 該市電系統，因此該絕緣變壓器7透過匝數比將該市電系統 之電壓〔例如110V或220V〕感應至次級側71，該次級側 71流出的電流依序流經該電感器6、橋式整流器5之二極體 D4、交流繼電器ry '感應電流大小之一電阻器r、電源s - 、反逆流二極體1、電力電子開關3及橋式整流器5之二極 . 體D2 ’再回到次級側71之另一端，以形成一迴路。 請參照第4圖所示，當本發明較位實施例之被動式直流 ^ 至交流電能轉換骏置之電力電子開關3及雙向閘流體開關 TRIAC處於另一導通狀態時，流入該次級側71之電流依序 流經該次級側71、橋式整流器5之二極體D3、交流繼電器 RY接點、電阻器R、電源S、反逆流二極體1、電力電子開 關3、橋式整流器5之二極體及電感器6’而形成一迴 路。 請再參照第3及4圖所示，當該雙向閘流體開關TRIAC 導通時，並藉由該電力電子開關3之導通’從上述電流的二 • 種流動方向而言，吾人觀察到該電源S的電流流向恆為順向 ，亦即由負端流向正端，因此該電源s始終處於能量供應的 角色，該電源S之能量會由該絕緣變壓器7初級侧72的感 二'，机反饋回市電系統。另外，由於該電源s之能量係為一 . 丨:，的能4，因此，:欠反軸市電系統雜量並不會很大 二個特性極適合該電源s係為—具有不穩定的發電特性之 • 电源，例如太陽能發電。 ，且°1參^第5圖所示，當該雙向閘流體開關triac導通時 田。亥电源S發電量非常小時，該電力電子開關 3必須斷 pKl〇338 2007/7/6 —10 — 78 :之=:迴;二極f提供該次級側71電流流 士 σ之’該電流流動的路技若在次級側71流 敫:。。依序為该絕緣變壓器7之次級側7卜電感器6、橋式 5之二極體D4、交流繼電器RY、電阻器R、迴路二 =4及橋式妓器5之二碰M，再㈣纽側η形成 迴路。 請參昭笛Κ θ & ^ ^ 圖所不，當該雙向閘流體開關TRIAC導通時 制71 电子開關3處於另一斷開狀態時’該流入次級 哭RY :机依序經過橋式整流器5之二極體D3、交流繼電 ^電感^器R、迴路二極體4、橋式整流器5之二極體 。 ^ 再回到絕緣變壓器7之次級側71構成迴路 請再參照第5及6 _ =:::n_ :=-: 一ΐ其=率該電感器6為-虛擬負載，對 請再參照第2 直流至交流電能轉換/置!:料本Λ明較佳實施例之被動式 圖所示〕之用射/置故置该父流型繼電器紹如第2 未並聯該市電^交㈣能轉換裝置 由電源S至绝緣型繼電器收處於開路狀態’ 若該電源S的·心 ’ 4亦會轉開路狀態。此外， RY亦被控制成開路 -電位τ’该交流繼電器 便會是開路狀態則此絕緣魏器7之次級側71 黾系統的負擔大幅降低。 PK10338 2007/7/6 1330928 • 請再參照第2至6圖所示，本發明較佳實施例之被動式 . 直流至交流電能轉換裝置於該電源S及該反逆流二極體1 之間進—步設置該小容量儲能裝置2。該小容量儲能裝置2 可選自一小容量電容器或一小容量蓄電池，該小容量儲能裝 - 置2並不需要儲存許多能量’因該電力電子開關3每次僅需 • 導通半個交流電週期即可，所以該小容量儲能裝置2無須長 時間供電。 _ 請再參照第2至6圖所示’本發明較佳實施例之被動式 直流至交流電能轉換裝置設置該電阻器R〔如第2圖所示〕In general, the above-mentioned system has the following disadvantages. For example, the electric-to-conversion device uses the DC-to-AC (4) 9 I conversion AC power, and the 9G power supply is derived from self-energy, ocean current or wind energy. The amount of electricity supplied is fixed::: When the sun is strong, the amount of electricity it can supply is ~ too low, so (4) set the battery 92 = ^ ^ ' then the power drop PK10338 2007 / 7 / 6 more 1 The stability of the DC 丄 330928 energy of the 琶源 90 and the ac exchange energy of the DC to AC converter 93 'to achieve practically sufficient energy, the storage capacity cannot be too small', so the overall device is relatively improved. . As shown in Figure 1, the DC-to-AC converter is shown. I vibrate to generate AC power, although the frequency of the AC and ^ the mains system provide reference '(4), this design method will be: 2 DC to AC converter 93 when the fault occurs, will make 'electric system = a large number The interference 'so' the f-electrical conversion device must be _ = : protective design 'also because of this 'which will cause the circuit design's complex two interference to mention the shortcomings. In addition, 'mains need to be repaired in the mains system T = pair, the design of the converter must be installed _ power supply voltage scale τ electric 2 when the external voltage is low, 'f must jump off with the mains system, no two, = When the electric system is out of power, 'the inverter will still hold: 丨: shape=mains system' is the so-called ": Strict reason, right need to advance - step to improve the above-mentioned conventional electric energy conversion exhibition placed above, in view of this, The invention improves the above (4), the device, the bridge rectifier and the primary side with the air supply: the edge is directly supplied at ==^^ The insulation transformer reduces the device cost and the use of the overall converter. The characteristic of the electric energy conversion device is that the feed is not twice. In addition, as in the above-mentioned conventional device, the substation power supply system is not controlled by "the external supply time: the road system" but is caused by the mains system. "Island effect (4) automatically stops operation, so it will never be PK10338 2007/7/6 - 7 1330928. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The main object of the present invention is to provide a passive DC to AC power conversion device that is applied to alternating current, and By operating an insulating transformer, a bridge rectifier and an inductor having an air gap for converting DC power and AC power, the invention has the effect of reducing device cost and reducing control complexity. According to the present invention, passive DC to The AC power conversion device comprises a power source, a reverse current diode, a small capacity energy storage device, a power electronic switch, a primary circuit diode, a bridge rectifier, an inductor and an insulation transformer. The power supply has a positive end and a negative end; the anti-countercurrent diode and the small-capacity energy storage device are connected at an output end of the power source; the power electronic switch is connected in series to the power source; the bridge rectifier has four internals a pole body; the insulating transformer state has a primary side and a primary side, one end of the secondary side is connected to the other end of the inductor, and one end of the secondary side is connected to the second end of the bridge rectifier 'the primary side parallel mains system to connect at least one load to the mains system. The passive DC to AC power conversion device can borrow The alternating current of the commercial power system converts between the direct current power and the alternating current through the operation of the bridge rectifier and the inductor. [Embodiment] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The preferred embodiments of the present invention, together with the drawings, are described in detail as follows: Moon Mai A?, Figure 2, a passive DC to parent current power conversion device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention It includes a power supply S, a reverse-current diode 1, a PK10338 2007/7/6 8 1330928 small-capacity energy storage device 2... power electronic switch 3, 1 diode*, a bridge rectifier 5, an inductorό 'An insulating device 7, a six-six load 8, an AC relay ry and a two-way thyristor switch. The inductor 6 is an inductor having an air gap, and the air gap can be injected into the inductor 6 Magnetic saturation occurs. The power source g is a regenerative DC power source, such as a solar energy source. ... Please refer to FIG. 2 again, the power supply S, the anti-countercurrent diode i and the power electronics _3 of the passive DC to AC power conversion device are connected in series, and the other end of the power electronic switch 3 Connected to the end of the circuit diode 4 and the first terminal 51 of the bridge rectifier 5, the third end 53 of the bridge steaming $ is electrically connected to the negative end of the power supply s, the small Capacity storage device = another, the end of the mountain and the circuit diode 4, the other, the bridge rectifier is the second terminal 53 is preferably through the _ AC relay ry and a resistor R The series circuit and the circuit diode 4: the other end, the other end of the small (four) energy device 2 and the negative end of the power source s are connected to each other. In addition, the second end 52 of the 4-bridge rectifier 5 is connected to one end of the secondary side 71 of the system 7 via the bidirectional fluid switch TRIAC in series, and the other end of the secondary side is connected in series to the inductor The __ terminal of 6 and the other end of the inductor 6 are connected to the fourth terminal 54 of the bridge rectifier 5. The primary side 72 of the sense of 'pressure' is connected in parallel to the mains system (not shown). At least the load provided by the apparatus is connected to the mains system. When the power electronic switch 3 and the bidirectional fluid switch TRIAC of the passive DC to / agua switch device of the preferred embodiment of the present invention are turned on, since the primary side 72 of the insulating transformer 7 is connected to PK10338 2007/7/6 -.9 - 1330928 . The mains system, therefore the insulating transformer 7 senses the voltage of the mains system (for example 110V or 220V) to the secondary side 71 through the turns ratio, the secondary side 71 flows out The current flows through the inductor 6, the diode D4 of the bridge rectifier 5, the AC relay ry 'one of the induced current magnitudes of the resistor r, the power source s -, the counter-current diode 2, the power electronic switch 3 and The diode of the bridge rectifier 5. The body D2' is returned to the other end of the secondary side 71 to form a loop. Referring to FIG. 4, when the power electronic switch 3 and the bidirectional thyristor switch TRIAC of the passive DC to AC power conversion in the comparative embodiment of the present invention are in another conducting state, the secondary side 71 flows into the secondary side 71. The current flows through the secondary side 71, the diode D3 of the bridge rectifier 5, the AC relay RY contact, the resistor R, the power supply S, the counter-current diode 1, the power electronic switch 3, and the bridge rectifier 5 The diode and the inductor 6' form a loop. Referring to Figures 3 and 4 again, when the bidirectional thyristor switch TRIAC is turned on, and by the conduction of the power electronic switch 3, the power source S is observed from the flow direction of the above current. The current flow is always in the forward direction, that is, from the negative end to the positive end, so the power supply s is always in the role of energy supply, and the energy of the power supply S is fed back by the sense of the primary side 72 of the insulating transformer 7 Mains system. In addition, since the energy of the power source s is one. 丨:, the energy 4, therefore, the under-the-axis mains system noise is not very large, and the two characteristics are very suitable for the power supply s system - having unstable power generation Features • Power, such as solar power. And the angle 1 is shown in Fig. 5, when the two-way thyristor switch triac is turned on. When the power supply S is very small, the power electronic switch 3 must be disconnected from pKl〇338 2007/7/6 —10 — 78 :==back; the second pole f provides the current of the secondary side 71 current flow σ If the flowing road technique flows on the secondary side 71: . In sequence, the secondary side 7 of the insulating transformer 7 is connected to the inductor 6, the diode 5 of the bridge 5, the alternating current relay RY, the resistor R, the circuit 2 = 4, and the bridge 5 are touched by M, and then (4) The new side η forms a loop. Please refer to Zhao Κ θ θ & ^ ^ Figure No, when the two-way thyristor switch TRIAC is on, when the electronic switch 3 is in another disconnected state, the flow into the secondary crying RY: the machine sequentially passes through the bridge rectifier 5 The diode D3, the alternating current relay ^ inductor R, the circuit diode 4, the diode of the bridge rectifier 5. ^ Return to the secondary side 71 of the insulating transformer 7 to form a loop. Please refer to the 5th and 6th _ =:::n_ :=-: ΐ = = 该 该 电感 电感 电感 电感 电感 电感 电感 电感 电感 电感 电感 电感 电感 电感 电感 电感 电感2 DC to AC power conversion / set!: The passive diagram of the preferred embodiment shows the use of the shot / set the parent flow type relay as the second is not connected to the city power (four) energy conversion device From the power supply S to the insulated relay, it is in an open state. If the power supply S, the heart 4 will also be turned to the open state. In addition, RY is also controlled to open-potential τ', and the AC relay will be in an open state, and the burden on the secondary side 71 of the insulating device 7 is greatly reduced. PK10338 2007/7/6 1330928 • Referring again to Figures 2 to 6, the passive type DC-to-AC power conversion device of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is between the power source S and the counter-current counter electrode 1 - The small capacity energy storage device 2 is set in steps. The small-capacity energy storage device 2 can be selected from a small-capacity capacitor or a small-capacity battery, and the small-capacity energy storage device 2 does not need to store a lot of energy 'because the power electronic switch 3 only needs to be turned on half at a time. The AC power cycle is sufficient, so the small-capacity energy storage device 2 does not need to be powered for a long time. _Please set the resistor R according to the passive DC to AC power conversion device of the preferred embodiment of the present invention as shown in FIGS. 2 to 6 (as shown in FIG. 2)
之用途在於偵測流經該電感器6上電流的大小。若該電阻R 摘測的電流值過大時，亦可利用此信號關閉該電力電子開關 3 —個或幾個半週期，使電流流向由第3及4圖所示變成第 5及6圖所示。 如上所述，相較於習用電能轉換裝置利用直流至交流換 流為進行直流電能與交流電能的轉換，其具有裝置成本增加 _ 、控制複雜度提高、以及干擾市電系統等缺點，本發明藉由 口亥又向閘/;11_篮開關的觸發，使該橋式整流器5、電 感。。6及、纟巴緣變壓器7進行電流流向及大小的控制，進而達 到直流電能與交流電能的轉換之目的。而且在市電系统停電 檢f時，本發明之褒置會因此停止運作，所以絕對不會發生 • 所明的？瓜島效應」。再者，本發明之被動式直流至交流電 • 能轉歸置僅需裝置小容量儲能裝置2，其確實可降低裝置 成本。 本《月已利用上述較佳實施例揭示，然其並亦用 PK10338 2007/7/6 —12 — 1330928 以限定本發明，任何熟習此技藝者在不脫離本發明之精神 和範圍之内，相對上述實施例進行各種更動與修改仍屬本 發明所保護之技術範疇，因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附 之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。The purpose is to detect the magnitude of the current flowing through the inductor 6. If the current value measured by the resistor R is too large, the signal can also be turned off by the signal for one or several half cycles, so that the current flow is changed as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 to the fifth and sixth graphs. . As described above, compared with the conventional electric energy conversion device, the DC-to-AC commutation is used to convert DC electric energy and AC electric energy, which has disadvantages such as increased device cost, improved control complexity, and interference with the mains system, and the like. The bridge rectifier 5 and the inductor are caused by the trigger of the gate/the 11_basket switch. . 6、、纟巴缘变压器7 controls the current flow and size, and thus achieves the conversion of DC energy and AC power. Moreover, when the mains system is powered off, the device of the present invention will stop operating, so it will never happen. Gua Island effect." Furthermore, the passive DC to AC power conversion of the present invention requires only a small capacity energy storage device 2, which does reduce the cost of the device. The present invention has been disclosed in the above-described preferred embodiments, and the present invention is also defined by PK10338 2007/7/6-12-1330928, and any person skilled in the art can ascertain without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The various modifications and variations of the above-described embodiments are still within the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.
PK10338 2007/7/6 —13 — 1330928 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖：習用被動式直流至交流電能轉換裝置之電路圖 〇 第2圖：本發明較佳實施例之被動式直流至交流電能轉 換裝置之電路圖。 第3圖：本發明較佳實施例之被動式直流至交流電能轉 換裝置當電力電子開關導通時，電流由絕緣變壓器之次級側 流出之示意圖。 第4圖：本發明較佳實施例之被動式直流至交流電能轉 換裝置當電力電子開關導通時’電流由絕緣變壓器之次級侧 流入之示意圖。 第5圖：本發明較佳實施例之被動式直流至交流電能轉 換裝置當電力電子開關斷開，電流由絕緣變壓器之次級側流 出之示意圖。 第6圖：本發明較佳實施例之被動式直流至交流電能轉 換裝置當電力電子開關斷開，電流由絕緣變壓器之次級侧流 入之示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 反逆流二極體 2 小容量儲能裝置 3 電力電子開關 4 迴路二極體 5 橋式整流器 51 第一端點 52 第二端點 53 第三端點 54 第四端點 6 電感器 PK10338 2007/7/6 —14 — 1330928 7 絕緣變壓器 71 次級側 72 初級側 8 交流負載 90 電源 91 整流二極體 92 蓄電池 93 直流至交流換流器 94 交流負載 95 介面電路 R 電阻器 S 電源 D1 二極體 D2 二極體 D3 二極體 D4 二極體 RY 交流型繼電器 TRIAC雙向閘流體開關 PK10338 2007/7/6 —15PK10338 2007/7/6 — 13 — 1330928 [Simplified illustration] Fig. 1: Circuit diagram of a conventional passive DC to AC power conversion device Fig. 2: Passive DC to AC power conversion device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention Circuit diagram. Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the flow of a current from the secondary side of the insulating transformer when the power electronic switch is turned on in the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the flow of a current from the secondary side of the insulating transformer when the power electronic switch is turned on in the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the passive DC-to-AC power conversion apparatus of the preferred embodiment of the present invention when the power electronic switch is turned off and the current flows out from the secondary side of the insulating transformer. Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the passive DC-to-AC power conversion apparatus of the preferred embodiment of the present invention when the power electronic switch is turned off and the current flows from the secondary side of the insulating transformer. [Description of main component symbols] 1 anti-countercurrent diode 2 small-capacity energy storage device 3 power electronic switch 4 circuit diode 5 bridge rectifier 51 first end point 52 second end point 53 third end point 54 fourth end Point 6 Inductor PK10338 2007/7/6 —14 — 1330928 7 Insulation transformer 71 Secondary side 72 Primary side 8 AC load 90 Power supply 91 Rectifier diode 92 Battery 93 DC to AC converter 94 AC load 95 Interface circuit R Resistor S Power Supply D1 Diode D2 Diode D3 Diode D4 Diode RY AC Relay TRIAC Bidirectional Sluice Fluid Switch PK10338 2007/7/6 —15