TWI308986B - Process for the manufacture of electrophoretic displays - Google Patents

Description

1308986 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field to Which the Invention Is Affected] Background of the Invention a) Field of the Invention In particular, the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing Rafa. Multi-color and sectional electrophoretic display. [Prior Art] b) Description of Related Art The electrophoretic display (EPD) is a non-emissive device " electrophoresis phenomenon of charged dye particles suspended in a solvent. It was first proposed in the year of deletion. The display typically comprises two electrode plates having electrodes opposite each other, the electrode plates being spaced apart by spacers. One of the electrodes is usually transparent. A suspension consisting of the dyed solvent and the charged dye particles is sealed between the two electrodes. When a voltage difference is applied between the two electrodes, the dye particles will migrate to one side or the other, causing the color of the dye or the color of the solvent to be visible from the viewing end. There are many different forms of EPDs. In the split (partiti〇n1;ype) EPD (see MA Hopper *VN〇votny, IEEE Trans.Electr. Dev., 26 (8):1] 48-11 52 (1 979)), in two electrode plates There are spacers between them to divide the space into smaller grids in order to avoid undesired particle movements, such as precipitation. EpD in the form of a micro-container (as described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,961,804 and 5,930,026) having a two-dimensional micro-container arrangement in which each micro-container has 1308986 from a dielectric solvent. An electrophoretic composition consisting of a suspension of charged dye particles (visually contrasted with a package). Another type of coffee (see U.S. Patent No. 3'612, No. 758) has an electrophoretic grid formed from a parallel line reservoir. A transparent conductor is used to "cover" the electrophoretic grid resembling a trench and electrically contact it with a transparent glass (see the side of the panel) over the transparent conductor. PD technology was recently revealed in the Common System March 3, 2000 The Japanese application for the application of the singularity of the singularity of the singularity of the singularity of the Japanese patent application 09/518, 488 5 tiger (corresponding to W001/67170), Gan π... /b7170), the contents of which are The modified EPD grid is prepared by, for example, coating a thermoplastic or alumina on a first substrate to form a well-defined tb ^ ^ ^ .. U-shaped cups (microcups) of 幵/shape size and aspect ratio. 鈇^ ', ,, and later using an electrophoretic fluid, the 掀 掀 cup is filled and filled, and the top seal is used. 5, the reading layer is used to laminate the substrate into the filled microcup, preferably by using a layer of adhesive. The microcup-based multicolor electrophoretic display device, for example, When the size of the microcup is A Xi. Youhe. 』 goods, horses and times ~ map Pixels, which is intended for thin film electro-crystals ^

The size of the red, the complex A, and the blue on the lower plate is combined to form an eight-color, and color-stained electrophoretic fluid to fill, and the geometric arrangement of the secondary-pixel on the r bar 4邑. This feature has $ should be on the $TFT backplane. The true multi-color display is more positive. The drive system for the display of the home-moving matrix drive, the example of which has been detailed for the electrophoresis of the cup-type electrophoresis, ', is described in the following common genus 6 1308986. The case was filed on July 16, 2002. The US serial number 1 / 1 98,729 (corresponding to w〇〇3/〇〇9〇59), and the US serial number 10/ 222, D36 f tiger (in response to the mid-August 16th) The contents of the two applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. From a manufacturing point of view, it is necessary to accurately place the electrophoresis fluid of the knife clock & 罝 in a 4 inch microcup. You can use the current technology to achieve the inkjet printing is considered to be a skin cup attack> _ 仃 One of the possible tasks of this task is to deliver a predetermined volume of fluid, based on a very microcup. The micro-:, electric/7,, and 'beauty', the high spacer side walls also seem to provide a good mechanism to avoid inkjet printing == mixing. Bran, 1w / water body splash and - (8) ", manufactured with a multi-color electrophoretic display of the belt type (-U a t. Solution. ... there are many challenging treatment methods need to | first 'in the The electrophoretic fluid is in the middle of the body - the half of the emblem... the diameter of the scorpion, the clogging of the mouth of the mouth, can range. The mouth of the inkjet head is in use or storage period, and the dye (four) has m cut When the tendency of poly. When the field gas swimming fluid system uses the low surface tension of the eight Φ, far as the full gas or carbon 〃 electric solvent to produce other amounts j 纟 because of the low hardness of the cutting agent. Ink oil surface tension 'typically falling square m〇-45dyne/: dielectric of the preferred extremely low surface tension of the body (between the range of cm. Between the range of !H〇dyne/cro) 1308986 Solvents, especially perfluorinated solvents, do pose serious problems in controlling droplet refinement. For example, 'When using a perfluorinated solvent in an electrophoretic fluid, maintain a negative surface pressure. Keeping the electrophoretic fluid in the nozzle is very difficult. In this case, there is no hope for drying and particle deposition on the nozzle head due to capillary action, and capillary action causes an outward flow of material to flow toward the nozzle surface. Therefore, when inkjet printing is involved in filling the electrophoretic fluid, It is very difficult to manufacture an electrophoretic display with non-efficiency and high reliability, especially when using a low surface tension dielectric solvent. In addition, in a micro-cup based electrophoretic display. In the manufacturing method, the electrophoretic fluid filling method is followed by a sealing method immediately. When the microcup in a specific 2 domain is filled with a fluid by using a fluid slightly larger than the necessary amount, it is sealed immediately. The flow of the process or the period 'in this area (near the micro cup) will have the possibility of "overflow". - "Ejection" of the electrophoretic fluid of a color, adjacent to a microcup containing electrophoretic fluid of other colors, (d) refers to the mixing of different colors, which will inevitably result in a decrease in the color purity of the display made of it. Therefore, it is already strong A strong demand to manufacture multicolor electrophoretic displays using a roll-to-roll manufacturing method with a wide process window ^Process window to ensure product quality. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A Summary of the Invention A Multicolor Electrophoretic Display Manufacture "Adding a Colorant Solution" The first aspect of the present invention is related to a method involving an individual step 1308986

Or dispersions of different colors, as well as charged dye particles. More specifically, the method includes a first step of filling a predetermined amount of the colorant solution or dispersion in a pattern-wise manner by, for example, inkjet printing. In the miniature cup. The second step is to add the electrophoretic fluid dispersed in the dielectric solvent or solvent mixture to the microcup pre-filled with the colorant in a pattern or in a non-patterned manner, the electrophoretic fluid includes Charged dyes (eg Tl〇2 or other white or colored dyes). The carrier solvent used in the colorant solution or dispersion may be the same or different from the dielectric solvent or solvent mixture in the electrophoretic fluid. If the carrier solvent in the colorant solution or dispersion is different from the dielectric solvent or spirulina mixture, it will only act as a carrier for the colorant and will be transported after it has been transported to its designated location. evaporation. After the electrophoretic fluid is added, the coloring agent in the microcup is dissolved or redispersed back to the electrophoretic fluid, and then (4) a microcup filled as in 1 by the seal described in the present application and related claims. One of the methods is top-sealed. The second aspect of the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electrophoretic display, which includes a microcup filled with electricity of different electrophoresis characteristics, such as a switching rate and a bottom limit. Voltage electric earth γ ( §a_a ) and / or clearing voltage C clearing voltage ). The gentleman.+ person, ° method includes steps: by, for example, inkjet printing in a pattern, using 4, additive solution or dispersion to colonize the microcup to provide a variety of ', ,. , characteristics, and then in a pattern or in a non-wood form, the electrophoresis 1308986 body dispersed in the mixture of ♦ ♦ 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 Among pre-filled microcups, the electrophoretic fluid includes a charged dye (such as Ti〇2 or other white or colored dyes). The microcup thus filled is then top sealed by one of the sealing methods described in this and related applications. Suitable additives may include, but are not limited to, surfactants, hydrophobic colloids, polymers, viscosity modifiers, charge control agents, stabilizers, antioxidants, fluorescent materials, fillers, and filler particles. Specific examples of useful additives may include those disclosed in the following common claims: US Serial No. 1 0/335, 21 0, filed on December 31, 2002, on December 31, 2002 The US serial number No. 10/335,051, which is filed, and the US serial number No. 1/0, 632, 171, which was filed on July 3, 2003, was filed on January 9, 1999. US serial number No. 1 / 683, 869, US serial number No. 1/686,501, filed on October 27, 2004, and US number No. (5), filed on October 27, 2004, And U.S. Serial No. 10/976,244, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. As described above, the first and third aspects of the present invention, which are described in the above, are applicable to the manufacture of the segment electrophoretic display. The method of the present invention and the advantages of the female one have an advantage. For example, The surface tension and rheology of the filled coloring agent or additive, the aqueous solution or the dispersion can be optimized independently of the electrophoretic fluid. This 10 1308986

Square = 楗 1, a wider process window, to find a suitable and precise replacement f. Second, if inkjet printing is used, the risk of clogging of the inkjet nozzle due to the dye can be reduced. The third 'this method is compatible with the 咿 manufacturing method. The electrophoretic fluid used in the method can be applied to both microcapsules and as a cover layer pre-filled on top of the different toners or additives of the microcups. Because A ή* 53⁄4 +4 '4. 01 oyster thinking, two, ten method period 'this micro-electrophoresis fluid between adjacent micro cups: out, will not be in the optical or electrical performance of the display Produce any shadows. In addition, the method includes fewer cost and process steps than the currently available methods of manufacturing multicolor electrophoresis. /7,, - In fact, the present invention has overcome the major obstacles in the use of inkjet printing when manufacturing electrophoretic displays. In other words, the two-step method (tw.-step prGCess) is in multiple colors. In the roll-on manufacturing of electrophoretic displays, inkjet printing has been used. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Definitions Unless otherwise defined in this patent specification, all technical terms are used herein as defined by those skilled in the art. “Using the sub-understanding of the term “micro-cup” means a cup-like display as described in the following common genus: in? °子's March 3, 2000 美国 The US serial number 09/ 51 8, 488, LV s, and 6-. In order to make it easier to explain the 丄 and Wu Guo patent cases, the (4) “micro cup” was used; however, the description of the method made it particularly important to understand that the effectiveness of the method of I3〇8986 is not effective. Limited to micro-crack technology. This method can be applied to other techniques for manufacturing electrophoretic displays. Therefore, the term "microcup" broadly encompasses all forms of display grids. In the present application, the term "display grid" is broadly defined as a recess in which a material such as a colorant solution or dispersion, an additive solution or dispersion, or an electrophoretic fluid is filled. The "pattern mode" is used to describe a method step that is performed in a pre-selected area. The term "non-patterning" is used to describe a method step that is not performed in a pre-selected area. Usually, the method steps of "non-patterning" are performed in a large area or an entire area. [Embodiment] I. Preparation of a microcup The microcup-based electrophoretic display, which is shown in Fig. 1. The general description shows that the display includes two electrode plates (work

, or, the dielectric solvent is seen through the transparent electrode plate. The other side causes the color of the pigment or solvent mixture of the charged dye particles to be patterned through the transparency. In an electrode plate — 12 1308986 The preparation of a micro-cup based display grid can be accomplished by micro-embossing or image exposure, as disclosed in the following common genus: March 3, 2000 The US serial number 〇9//518, 488 (corresponding to 卯〇1/6717〇) is filed; or it can be done by a pre-punched hole process, as in The US serial number 9/942,532 (corresponding to ash W003/ 01 9280) filed on August 29, 1st, and the current US patent case No. 6 788 449, all of the above applications are complete and Enter here as a reference material. I I·Preparation of Suspension/Dispersion The microcup is filled with an electrophoretic fluid comprising charged dye particles dispersed in a dielectric solvent or solvent mixture. The dispersion can be prepared according to the methods of the prior art, such as U.S. Patent Nos. 6,017,584, 5,914,806, 5'573,71 1 , 5,403,518, 5,380,362, 4'680'. 103, 4,285,801, 4,093,534, 4,071,430, 3,668,106, 1 £1^3113.£16.1;1'〇11])6¥1.6 ED-24, 827 (1 977), and j. Appl. Phys. 49(9), 4820 (1 978). The charged dye particles are visually contrasted with the medium in which the dye particles are dispersed. The medium is a dielectric solvent or solvent mixture, preferably having a low viscosity and a dielectric constant ranging from about 2 to about 30 (for high particle mobility), preferably from about 2 to about 15. Examples of suitable "electric" granules include, for example, DECALIN, 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene, fatty oil, paraffin 13 1308986 oil, etc.: hydrogen compounds; It such as toluene, two A stupid, phenyl xylene bethane, : diphenyl phthalalkyl naphthalene, an aromatic hydrocarbon of a halogenated solvent; such as perfluoro: hydroquinone, fluorotoluene, perfluoroxylene, dichlorobenzotrifluoro, 3, 4; 5 Toluene solvents such as monochlorobenzodifluoro, chloropentafluorobenzene, dichlorodecene, pentachlorobenzene, etc.; or FC-43, such as from San Francisco, St. Paul, Minnesota. Perfluoro solvent of FC-70 and FC-5060;

Ou, a low molecular weight halogen-containing polymer of TCI America's polyperfluoroepoxypropane in Portland, Texas; such as Hal0carb0n Pr〇duc1 from New Jersey: the company's Hai〇carb〇n 〇Us Gas trifluoroethylene; such as Gaiden from Ausin〇nt, or Krytox Oils from DuPont, Delaware, and perfluorinated polyalkyl ethers of (reases K-Fluid Series). In a preferred embodiment Polychlorofluoroethylene is used as a dielectric solvent. In another preferred embodiment, polyperfluoroepoxy propylene is used as a dielectric solvent. «The suspension medium can be used as a coloring agent ( Pigments or dyes are used for dyeing. Nonionic azo and anthraquinone dyes are particularly useful. Useful dyes may include (but are not limited to) pyi from pylan] pr〇ducts (Arizona) 1 Red EGN, Sudan Red, Sudan Blue, Oi 1 Blue Macro 1 ex B1 ue, Solvent B1 ue 35, Py 1 am Spirit B1 ack and Fast Spirit Black; Sudan Black B from Aldrich ' Thermoplastic Black from BASF X-70; come Since indigo, eucalyptus 114, blush nl, 135, and phthalocyanine 2 8. I-colored colorants' such as those disclosed in the following common genus: in 2003 The US serial number 14 1308986 ^〇/439,428, which was filed on May 15th, and the US serial number No. 1/903,923, which was filed on July 29, 2008, the contents of the above two applications are fully incorporated herein. References, /_, § Use of a toner toner as the dielectric solvent is particularly useful. In the case of insoluble pigments or dyes, the pigment or dye used to produce the color of the medium can also be dispersed. In the dielectric, these pigments or dyes are preferably π «t φ # 1 for no electricity. If the pigment or dye used to produce the color of the medium is charged, U 7 is preferred. If the pigment or dye carries the same charge as the charged dye particle, the thief will have a different charge density or Different electrophoretic fluidity. 扃^ in any one Which case, for the

The pigment biting ancestor that produces the color of the 6 liter medium must be chemically stable and compatible with the other components in the dispersion. The charged dye particles may be a _.n, 疋 an organic or inorganic pigment or dye, such as Tl02 from Sun Chemi^, 酞化青蓝, 酞花月/,·: 香香醯 苯胺黄,: fang «benzoquinone 0 Τ yellow, and scales. Qi (qinnacndone), azo, rhodamine n benzene (perylene) dye series; to ',, (three) million, Kanto Chemical's Hansa yellow G particles; and clips and not from the party; Fisher's Carbon

Lampblack. It is preferably a submicron ' particle size. The particles should have acceptable optical characteristics and should not swell or soften due to the dielectric solvent and should be in a chemically stable state. Under normal operating conditions, the resulting suspension must also be stable and resistant to precipitation, the milk 1308986 belt can have a parent charge, or the charge control agent can be used directly:: = to obtain a charge in a dielectric solvent. Suitable and also well known in the art; it may be polymeric or non-polymeric, either heterozygous or non- 了 _ ionized' including ionic interface activators, such as

Aerosol 0T, + - ^λ ...s %% sodium, metal soap, I butene, white imide, cis-succinic anhydride, Qiuheng „-/, substance, vinylpyrrolidone copolymer (such as rnati〇nai Special Pr〇ducts of Ganex), (American Acrylic Copolymer, NN-R^), and -Ethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate> Chemical surfactants are used in perfluorocarbons Solvent charge control

The agent is especially useful. These include FC Dunhua surfactants, such as FC-170C, pr 171 η from 3M Company

FC-17, FC-176, FC430, FC431 and FC-740 and Z〇ny 1 representative surfactants such as Zony i FSA, ^SE, FSN, FSN-1GG, FSO, FS0-1GG, FSD from Dupont And LTR. When the field uses a fluorinated solvent as the dielectric solvent, it is disclosed in the following δ sub-fields as a charge control agent and a surfactant or dispersant, which is particularly useful: the United States filed in 12 Θ 31曰 2002 No. 1 0/ 335, No. 21, US filing No. 1/0, 335, 051, filed on December 31, 2002, on July 3, 2003. US serial number No. 10/632, No. 171, which is filed on the same day, US serial number No. 1/683,869, filed on October 9th, 2003, and US serial number filed on October 14, 2003 1〇/ 686, 5〇1, US serial number 1/976, 1 52, filed on January 27, 2002, and US serial number filed on October 27, 2004 1 0/976, No. 244 'All of the above-identified applications are hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety by reference. Suitable chargeable dye dispersions of S can be made by any of the well known methods including grinding, pulverizing, milling, micronudizing, and ultrasonic techniques. For example, dye particles in the form of fine powders are added to the suspension of the oceanic solvent, and the resulting mixture is ball milled or milled to a small number 4, while the dry dye powder which has been coagulated south is pulverized into the original particles. Although less preferred, pigments or dyes used to produce non-migrating fluid colorants can be added to the suspension during the ball milling process. The precipitation or emulsification of the dye particles can be eliminated by micro-containing the particles with a suitable polymer such that the specific gravity thereof is consistent with the specific gravity of the dielectric solvent. The microcontainment of the dye particles can be accomplished chemically or physically. Two typical microcontainer processes include interfacial polymerization, in-situ polymerization 'phase separation, coacervation, electrostatic coating, spray drying, fluid bed coating, and solvent evaporation. In the case of a black/white electrophoretic display, the suspension contains charged white titanium dioxide particles (Π02) dispersed in a black granule, or charged black particles dispersed in a second electric solvent. Black pigment or pigment mixture 4 such as pylam P rit Black and Fast Spirit Black from Pylam Products (Arizona), SUdan BUck β ' from the Aldrich company ' Thermoplastic B1 ack X 70 ' from BASF or such as carbon black The insoluble black dye can be used to produce a black solvent. For other colored suspensions, there are $ species. For the subtractive color system, the titanium dioxide particles of the σ, f charge can be suspended in a blue-green, vapor-colored or magenta dielectric solvent. The blue-green, i-color or magenta can be rs) 17 1308986 using pigments or dyes to produce system) and ancient, * dry' system (addi ti ve col or color or blue; electric If-charged dioxin particles can be Suspended in red and green 0] "Electrosolvent, Bean Φ兮a Λ Produced with pigments or dyes. Two colors, green or blue can also make the number of applications better. The system can seal most of the sealed microcups of the filled microcups by -m πν -Γ ^ 里 刀 。. One of the methods involves dispersing the erbium composition into the electrophoretic fluid. Electrophoretic fluid. The charged dye particle concentrically curable composition in the dielectric solvent or solvent mixture is not dyed with the dielectric solvent or solvent mixture: in the preferred case, it is not higher than the medium. Electro-solvent and charged, "Λ" 匕 heavy. These two components, uv curable composition and electricity = 'in a (for example) in-line mixer (^1) when they are involved, and immediately use a precise coating Cloth mechanism, coated in the micro, such as Myrad stick Gravure, doctor blade, long seam coating or slit coating. Excess fluid will be scraped off by a wiper blade or similar device. A small amount of weak solvent or such as isopropyl alcohol, The sterol or its aqueous solution can be used to clean the top surface of the partition wall of the microcup to retain the electrophoretic fluid. A small amount of a weak solvent or solvent mixture such as isopropyl alcohol, methanol or an aqueous solution thereof can be used to clean the microcup. a residual electrophoretic fluid on the top surface of the spacer side wall. A volatile organic solvent can be used to control the viscosity and coverage of the electrophoretic fluid. The filled microcup is then dried, and the UV can be dried. The curing composition floats to the top of the electrophoretic fluid by curing the sealing layer floating on the surface, such as uv, 38 A3 〇 8986; the door to the top of the top, to seal it. To add the microcup to the electronic cymbal, the other forms of the ray, such as visible light, π, such as 杲 杲 田 田 田 田 田 田 田 田 田 田 杲 杲 杲 杲 杲 杲 杲 杲 杲 杲 杲 杲 杲 杲 杲 杲 杲 杲OK If the object is 'can also use the heat or the sealing method is a single = chemical sub-sealing. The dense V Shao (one-step) sealing method referred to in this paragraph. Chu Wei = the light-curable composition of the seal, Can include - kinds of materials, return to acid wheel, (4) acrylic acid vinegar, cyano propionate, multivalent two: Ben, Ethyl benthic smelting, Ethyl ether, multivalent oligo-oligo, clothing oxide, more Valence of isocyanate 'polyvalent propylene and: or a group of polymers containing crosslinkable functional groups. Thermoplastic elastomers can also be used as sealing materials. Useful: Examples of plastic elastomers can include ABA And (AB) n-type represented by two:, diblock, or more talk about the copolymer, wherein A is styrene, iso-nonylstyrene, ethylene, propylene or norbornene; It is butadiene, dipentadiene, ethylene, propylene 'butene, dimethyl siloxane or propylene sulfide; Α and B cannot be in the same chemical formula. The number nU is preferably ^ 1 〇. Representative copolymers may include poly(styrene-b-butadiene (styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene), poly(phenylethyl-b-isoprene-b-stupyl) , poly(styrene-anthracene ethylene 2 butyl + dilute benzene styrene), poly(styrene-b-dimethyl ketone oxy-singe styrene), poly(α-methyl styrene-b Isoprene), poly-methylstyrene-b-isoprene-b-α-methylstyrene), κ (a-mercaptostyrene-b-sulfurized propylene to monodecylbenzene) Ethylene), 19 1308986 or poly(α-methylstyrene-b- fluorene-methylsiloxane-b-α_methanoylethylene). Additives, ice ω w °# such as cerium oxide particles and interface/tenthene can be used to improve film integrity and coating quality. It also shows the density and solubility of the sputum. It is also different from the acrylic acid S 曰 early body and valency polymer, and its preferred family f horns and its derivatives. Surfactants can be used to improve the adhesion between the electrophoretic fluid and the sealing material on the interface, and the useful surfactants include the FC industry from the 3Μ company. r令· 7 1 , 'Z〇ny 1 fluorinated surfactant from DuPont, fluoranthene, ... acetylated acetoacetate, fluorinated methyl acrylate - squirrel substituted long-chain alcohol, all Fluorine is a long-chain carboxylic acid substituted with 彳 Λ Μ and Μ 2 and its derivatives. The hydrazine electrophoretic fluid and the sealing composition may be sequentially applied to the money cup if the sealing composition is at least partially incompatible with the dielectric solvent. Therefore, the seal of the microcup can be thinned to the surface of the electrophoresis fluid by coating a layer of a male seal composition (which can be cured by radiation, sputum, seat gas, or interface deer). Finished up. The UV curing of the interface polymerization sub-connector is extremely beneficial for the sealing ^ ^ λ method. By the boundary: "and a thin barrier layer is formed at the interface, the intermixing between the electrophoretic layer and the protective layer is obviously suppressed, and then the top seal is borrowed.

It is formed by a post-cure step (preferably by U-shot). In order to further reduce the degree of mixing, the outer coating layer is not more than the specific gravity of the electrophoretic fluid. The volatile I's organic granules can be used to adjust the viscosity and thickness of the protective layer. When 'Tianyi volatile solvent is used in the protective layer, it is better to interact with the dielectric solvent. The protective film method of the two-step 20 1308986 is particularly useful when the coloring agent used for electrophoresis is at least partially soluble in the sealing composition. : v. Preparation of a multi-color electrophoretic display This method was carried out in a multi-causal straight, as described in Figures 2a-2c. The method includes

f Fill two different steps with a different color of the toner solution or I knife solution, and charged dye particles. More physically, the method consists of Φ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ If necessary, steam the carrier solvent in a solution or dispersion of 兮^ A. ^, which is different from the dielectric solvent or solvent mixture in the electrophoretic fluid ^ ' and (1 1 ) in a pattern or The electrophoresis: body of the charged dye particles in a dielectric solvent or solvent mixture is filled into the microcup in a non-patterned manner. In a specific aspect, step (1) is performed prior to step Ui). In another embodiment, step (1 i ) is performed prior to step (i). Preferably, however, step (i) is performed prior to step (ii). Filling the colorant solution or dispersion in a pattern can be accomplished in a variety of ways. For example, precision substitution techniques such as ink jet printing and organic vapor deposition can be used. Different color coupler solutions or dispersions can be printed directly into the microcup. Suitable printing methods may include (but are not limited to) fast drying printing (f 1 eX〇pr丨ni; i ng ), lithographic printing, driographic or waterless printing, gravure printing, screen printing, thermal printing , laser ab ative transfer printing, peel coating, and the like. If inkjet printing is used, it is possible to use a multi-nozzle inkjet printer 21 1308986 to simultaneously or sequentially deliver colorant solutions or dispersions of different colors to a microcup in a predetermined area. As shown in Figure 2a, the colorant solution or dispersion (21) is filled into microcups (2 inches) in different areas. This area is a pre-determined example. 5, in a specific area, the color cup solution or dispersion can be used to fill the micro cup, and in another area, another color coloring agent can be used. Solution or dispersion to fill the microcup. The microcup may be formed on an electrode plate (28) with a primer layer (not shown) between the electrode plate and the microcup. The colorant solution or dispersion can be filled in a pattern, and various forms can be used. For example, different color coupler solutions or dispersions can be filled directly into the microcups in different areas. In addition, the coloring agent solution or the bi-monthly liquid solution of the different colors is filled in a pattern to the microcup, and is performed by a method similar to that disclosed in the following common genus. The US serial number G9//518,488^ filed on March 3, 2013. For example, the party 2 may include using a positive-protecting photoresist, layering all of the microcups 5 or coating 'and then' in a predetermined area, and imaging the processed light: agent Exposure to open the microcup, and then use the first pigment: toner solution or dispersion, by, for example, inkjet printing will fill the open microcup. These steps can be repeated using different colorant solutions or fractions =' to fill the microcups in different areas. In this example, the old-fashioned, micro-cups can be sealed by the single-step or two-step sealing method of the single 22 (8 1308986 - human operation method, as described in section iu). Another method of filling the side cups with different colors, ~ the micro cups of the color brewing bath or dispersion, is similar to the method shown in the following: at 20f), 7n n. "Traditional 茱田甲所揭/284 586, month 3〇曰 filed the US serial number / "4, 586 唬, and in the United States two pieces Shen Zhuhong & ~ Lee (four) 6,545, 797, above w ^·' * is complete and is hereby incorporated by reference. In short, the cup 'utilization: contains the first filler material to fill all the micro-processed photoresist to fill the filled micro-weight fabric After the pre-weeking 々 々 々 丄 丄 丄 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 加以 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱 碱Then, a cup of 1 colorant solution or dispersion is used to fill the microcups in different areas through the opened micro-coloring solution or dispersion of different colors. In this example, ^古奴, ^真The filling of the microcup can be carried out by a single-step or two-step sealing method, as described in the following section (1). The operation is carried out by top sealing, such as by dissolving or dispersing the pigment or dye in the carrier to prepare the coloring. Solution or dispersion. Come in a specific way The carrier can be a solvent or solvent mixture, such as "Π as described. Here... The colorant must be soluble or dispersible in the dielectric solvent or dissolved in the material. The dielectric solvent or solvent mixture can be the same as two: different from the dielectric solvent or solvent mixture in the electrophoretic fluid.疋 23 1308986 In another embodiment, the carrier solvent can be a commonly used solvent or solvent mixture, particularly a commonly used organic solvent or solvent mixture. Suitable organic solvents may include, but are not limited to, hydrocarbons, alkyl ketones, alkyl vinegars, alcohols, ethers, water, and sorghum. If a common organic solvent is used as the carrier solvent, the agent is preferably soluble or dispersible in a dielectric solvent or solvent mixture in the electrical ice fluid. If inkjet printing is used, the coloring paste dispersion liquid, according to the present invention, preferably has a surface tension of from about 14 to a large AA^ 约 of about 50 dyne/cm, more preferably about 丨6 to King a is about 45 dyne/cm. For use in the colorant solution or dispersion, the carrier solvent, preferably volatility, can be easily removed. The pigment or dye in the colorant solution or dispersion may be of any color, and is preferably heat stable and light oysters are stable. The pigment or dye # "is soluble in the carrier solvent. For inkjet printing, if it is not & 疋 疋, the particle size of the pigment or dye is "...the carrier refrigerant, ^ η 杈 杈 is less than 1 micron, more preferably Α less than 〇 · 1 micron. Clay soil is a pigment or dye that can be used in a kind of surfactant. It can also be dissolved by the carrier, & Use a viscosity modifier to adjust the rheology of the colorant solution or dispersion....the final fine dispersant, or the viscosity modifier, "曰& surfactant, in the bulk liquid, if used in mu The colorant solution or fraction from A' should not be broken also if the use of ... electrophoretic properties of the two electrophoresis fluids contradicts. The use of the surfactant in the Shai coloring agent solution, or the flying agent of the squid, or the 24 1308986 knife, has an adverse effect on the electrophoresis characteristics, and the short-acting surfactant, or the agent is particularly Useful 'such as Surf f yn〇l8 surfactant (from Air Product). In one embodiment, the colorant solution or dispersion can be of a different color. In another embodiment, the colorant solution or dispersion may have the same pigment or dye, but have different optical densities or concentrations such that the same color may have different shades. Therefore, the term “different colors” in this manual should also include “different shadows of the same color”. Although it is not necessary, but in the preferred case, after the colorant solution or dispersion is filled into the microcup, but the charged dye particles are "personal" solution or Carrier solvent shift in the dispersion: Removal of the carrier solvent can be carried out by, for example, #, or a gas stream / (ΐι凡成S 2b system, not only the dried pigment or dye remains in the microcup. As shown in Figure k, The introduction of particles of charged dyes (such as wind containing T1〇2) is done by filling the fluid (22) in a non-patterned manner to have been filled with a colorant. <^ The electrophoretic fluid (22) includes The charged solvent or solvent is mixed with the charged dye particles (23). ^ ( 24) The filling of the electrophoretic fluid can also be done in the pattern described in the case. 2 = Shen Qingzhi Wu Guo No. G9/ 51 8,488 No. 25 1308986 6, 545, 797, the above two references. It is preferred to incorporate the same phase or solvent mixture as the charged dye particles. , main > color, and the dielectric solvent is 7 / month clear and colorless. The micro-cups in the same composition of the electrophoresis fluid chamber can be filled with water and water. The preferred dielectric solvent, described in the thrift介雷雷--limited to those in Zhangye Loose agent. Transfer the risk of A, in the carrier solvent, preferably the county * ~ ', coloring solution or dispersion when <in the introduction of electrophoresis flow, the second carrier solvent will hinder the second month or even if it is. 10,000, go live, it is also necessary to fill the top of the microcup, which can be done by the method described in section (1). For example, the seal can be accomplished by adding a sealing composition to the electrophoretic fluid prior to filling the electrophoretic fluid into a microcup (prefilled with a colorant). Then, the filled microcup is sealed by or during curing of the sealing layer (25) floating on the surface toward or during the top of the electrophoretic fluid. The sealing composition can be cured using heat or radiation, such as UV, visible light, IR, and an electron beam to seal the filled microcup. Alternatively, the sealing can be accomplished by applying a sealing composition to the electrophoretic fluid after the electrophoretic fluid is filled therein. The sealing layer (25) can also be formed by curing the sealing composition by firing, heat, wetness, or interfacial reaction. The sealing composition used in these methods preferably has a specific gravity not greater than that of the electrophoretic fluid, and preferably does not bathe with the electrophoretic fluid. In the method of the present invention, all filled micro-cups can be sealed in one run (Fig. 2d), even if the microcups are finally filled with electrophoretic fluid of different colors. If the step (i i) is performed before the step (i), the seal

At the same time as the filling of the colorant solution or dispersion or the removal of the B hole U j , it is carried out thereafter. In this example, the sealing composition preferably has a specific gravity not higher than that of the colorant solution or dispersion. The sealing composition is also preferably immiscible with the colorant solution or dispersion. After the microcup is filled and the top is sealed, the sealed microcup can be laminated using an electrode plate (26), optionally precoated with a layer of adhesive (27). The adhesive can be a wide variety of: adhesives, hot melt adhesives, heat, moisture, or radiation; curing: primers. V. Preparation of an electrophoretic display comprising a microcups' electrophoretic display filled with electrophoretic fluids of different characteristics, including microcups filled with electrophoretic fluids of different characteristics, such as switching rate, threshold voltage, gamma (ga_a) And / or clearing voltage (clearing v〇itage), which can be manufactured by (i) first filling the additive solution or dispersion into the microcup by pattern printing, for example, by ink printing, providing various Different features; then (in a pattern, or in a non-patterned manner, the addition of an electrophoresis to a microcup, the electrophoretic fluid comprising a charged dye dispersed in a dielectric solvent or solvent mixture (eg > Tl〇2 or other white or colored half-materials. These two steps (1) Xiao (") can be performed in reverse order. 27 1308986 The micro-cup can be formed on a thunder « seven plates, and the electrode plate and the There may be a layer of primer between 1 cup. The patterning method can be used to fill the additive mash or dispersion by, for example, spraying ink, which can be inserted at any time. Any of the η species described above in the manner of the patterning of the colorant solution or dispersion, Ιν, as described in ^^ τ. ^The agent cold liquid or dispersion is obtained by dissolving or dispersing an additive into a carrier. In the solvent, if a ^ ^ . 疋 ink printing is used, the hydrazine carrier solvent should be compatible with the ink jet method and the used machine head. The additives useful for the present invention may include, but are not limited to, an interface. m (d) colloids, polymers, viscosity modifiers, charge control agents, stabilizers, anti-emulsifiers, glare materials, fillers, and filler particles. Specific examples of useful additives may include, but are not limited to, those in Additives disclosed in the following common affiliation: US No. 1 / 335, 21 0, filed on May 31, 2, U.S., filed on December 31, 2002 No. 1〇 / 335, (5) No. 1/3, 632, 1 71, proposed on July 30, 2003, on the 30th of July, 2003 Shen Youzhi's Gaiyang Guangming's US serial number 1 0/ 683,869 5 In 2003, g I / ρ4^ϊι 牛 October 14 曰 filed the US serial number No. 1 / / 686, 501, in the 2004 car η η η 97 η Sichuan on October 27, the application of the US serial number 1 0/ 976, 1 52, and the US serial number 1 0/ 976, 244 f, which was filed at 曰 u月27曰 in 2〇〇4, to Bu Shenshi, 44 for all of the above applications The entire disclosure is incorporated herein by reference. In particular, the carrier solvent can be a dielectric solvent or solvent mixture as described in paragraph π above. In this example 28 1308986 H, the additive must be soluble or dispersible in the dielectric solvent or solvent, or at least one of the earthworms absorbed in the charged dye particles may be the same or different. A dielectric solvent or solvent mixture in the electrophoresis μ body to be filled later. In another embodiment, the carrier solvent can be a universal f = 'valency or solvent mixture, especially a commonly common organic solvent or solvent mixture. Suitable common organic solvents or solvents are suitable, including, but not limited to, hydrocarbon hydrazinos, saponins, sis, _, water, and mixtures thereof. #果 Using a common organic solvent as the carrier solvent, the additive is preferably also soluble or solvable in a dielectric solvent or solvent mixture in the electrophoretic fluid that will later be filled. The additive solution or dispersion preferably has a surface tension ranging from about 14 to about 50 dyne/cm, more preferably from about 16 to about 45 dyne/cm. The carrier solvent is also preferably volatile so that it can be easily removed. „Hingaj is more thermally and photochemically stable than the earthen earth system, and is preferably among the removable carrier carriers. If not completely dissolved, the particle size of the additive in the carrier solvent is preferably less than丨micron, more preferably small square: 0 · 1 micron. The concentration of the additive in the additive solution or dispersion can be adjusted depending on the specific needs. Can use, use surfactant, or disperse An agent to stabilize the additive particles in the carrier solvent. A viscosity modifier, 29 1308986, can also be used to precisely adjust the rheology of the colorant solution or dispersion. The surfactant, dispersant, or viscosity modifier If it is used in the colorant solution or dispersion, it should not interfere with the electrophoretic properties of the final electrophoretic fluid. If the interface activity μ or dispersant used in the colorant solution or dispersion is used, the electrophoresis characteristics For adverse effects, short-acting interfaces = agents, or dispersants are particularly useful, such as SurfynQi8 interfacial activity beta (from Air Product). The carrier solvent of the additive solution or dispersion may be completely dried before the step of filling the electrophoretic fluid. The electrophoresis fluid may be completed in a pattern or in a non-patterned manner, such as As described in paragraph 1V above. In this example, the electrophoretic fluid may be colored. * Then fill the filled microcups, L, with one of the sealing methods described in this application.

The soldiers are sealed (for example, paragraphs π I and paragraph IV). If step (ii) B c 113 进行 is carried out before step (1), the seal will be simultaneously or at the same time as the filling of the colorant-dissolving 4 color m dispersion. In this example, the 兮6, Μ 封 seal composition preferably has a specific gravity not higher than that of the toner solution or dispersion. The sealing composition is also preferably such that the toner solution or dispersion is immiscible. /, after the microcup is filled and topped, the sealed microcup can be pre-coated with a layer of adhesive #1 by σ selectively using an electrode plate. The adhesive s W d > ^ „ 々 剤 can be a pressure sensitive adhesive, hot melt adhesive, heat, moisture, B B 6 ... A 疋 radiation curable adhesive. VI. Display preparation 30 (8) 1308986 In a section of electrophoretic display, the display panel of the electrophoretic display can be divided into several sections 'each section has a two-color system. For example, the display surface is opposite. One section has a combination of red/white & the second section has a blue/self-color system, and the third section has a green/white system. The S-section can be any shape or size. The stripe shape of this type of section is obviously crying and not good, especially useful for large electric signals and boards. Figure 3 is the price &amp of the section of the ship-丄, grid " In the area 3a, the person and the scene can have a red/white combination. 1 α, the text and the background can be carried out in blue/white. In other words, the paragraph 1V above Two steps of the description and charged dye particles;: = (four) color of the coloring agent dissolved Or in the dispersion, such as the above paragraph, the step of falling into the micro-cup as a kind of section display, Tian said. However, because the display is a cover and the selective door must be included The microcup covers the liquid, which can be filled; it is a single-color coloring agent solution or a dispersion of one section. In the case of gentleman filling, it is also possible to use alternative ancient production cars such as coating and supersonic spraying. ' ή饩 问 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产31 1308986 The thickness of the display manufactured by the method of the present invention can be as thin as a female sheet. The width of the display is the width of the coated web (Dian ^ is also 390 inches). The length of the display can be from tens to thousands of pounds. The size of the display depends on the size of the roller. Although the invention has been described with reference to specific specific aspects thereof, it should : It is understood by those skilled in the art that various changes can be made and can be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many improvements can be made, and the conditions and materials of The composition, method, method step or steps are applicable to the (4), spirit and scope of the present invention. All of the modifications are attached to the scope of the patent scope. [Simplified Schematic] FIG. 1 is a Figure a 2e shows a method for manufacturing a multi-color electrophoretic display. Production diagram 3 shows a price mark prepared by a section electrophoretic display [main symbol description]: 〇 electrode plate 1 electrode plate L 2 • micro cup 2 0 2 1 2 2 · 2 3· polymer sealing layer micro cup colorant solution or dispersion electrophoresis fluid W charge dye particles 32 1308986 2 4 · Dielectric solvent or solvent mixture 2 5 · Sealing layer floating on the surface 2 6 ·electrode plate 2 7 ·adhesive layer 2 8 ·electrode plate

Claims (1)

1308986 X. Patent application scope: Λ曰修(more) original S / a coloring agent that is or is dispersed in a solvent carrier solvent of the carrier is preselected to be removed from the carrier solvent in the solution or dispersion of the β-coloring agent, and a solvent is dispersed in a dielectric solvent or solvent mixture. The electrophoretic fluid of the "monitoring particles" is filled into the microcup, wherein the colorant is soluble or dispersible. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (i) is performed by inkjet printing. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the ink jet printing is performed with a printing head comprising a plurality of nozzles. The method of claim 2, wherein the colorant solution or dispersion is inkjet printed to the microcup simultaneously or sequentially. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the step (1) comprises laminating or coating a processing photoresist onto the microcup, selectively opening the microcup in a predetermined area. And filling the opened micro-nose with a coloring agent solution or dispersion of a predetermined color. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step (丨) entails using a filler material Filling the microcup, selectively opening the filled microcup in a predetermined area of the crucible, removing the colorant solution or dispersion of the filler material color from the microcup opened 34 1308986, 7. The patented range of liquids or dispersions is prepared by the pigment or medium. And filling the opened microcup with a predetermined color. The method of claim 1, wherein the coloring agent solute dye is dissolved or dispersed in a carrier solvent. 8. The method according to the patent application 笳Ifl key, E, r... brother 1 2 3, wherein the coloring agent dissolves or cleaves further Contains surfactants, dispersants or viscosity modifiers. The method of claim 8, wherein the interfacial activity: the knife solution is a fugitive surfactant or dispersant that can be removed by heat, radiation or a combination thereof. 1. · According to the scope of the patent application! The method of the invention wherein the carrier solvent is a dielectric solvent or a solvent mixture. r n. The method of claim 1, wherein the carrier solvent is a commonly used solvent or solution. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the commonly used solvent or solvent mixture is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, alkyl ketones, & bases, alcohols, ethers, water, and In the group consisting of the mixture. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrophoretic fluid is of the same color; the charge dye particles are dispersed in a clear &&< an electro-solvent or solvent mixture. 35 1 4. According to the method of claim 1 of the patent application, further comprising the top seal of the filled microcup with "-tK^~yc_l3 not greater than the sealing composition of the electrophoretic fluid . 4 15. A method for fabricating an electrophoretic display, the electrophoretic display package 1308986 characterized by an electrophoretic-type cup solution or dispersion for filling, comprising dissolved or dispersed in (i) an additive microcup using different electrophoretic features, An additive for each of the additive solution or dispersion carrier solvent, u) a carrier solvent removed from the additive solution or dispersion, and a dye comprising: a dye dispersed in a dielectric solvent or solvent mixture An electrophoretic fluid of particles is filled into the microcup, wherein the additive is soluble or dispersible. 16 According to the method of the 15th item of the special (4), the step is carried out by Hemo Printing. The method of claim 15 wherein the additive: 5 knives is dissolved or dispersed in a carrier solvent by a method according to claim 15 wherein the additive is Surfactant, protective colloid, polymer, viscosity modifier H agent, antioxidant, fluorescent material, filler, or filler particles. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the carrier solvent is a dielectric solvent or a solvent mixture. The method of claim 15, wherein the carrier is dissolved in a solvent or solvent mixture which is common to #W. 21. The method of claim 2, wherein the commonly used solvent or solvent mixture is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, alkyl hydrazines, 36 1308986 alkyl esters, alcohols *, and 22. A method consisting of water, a mixture of water and a mixture thereof. The method of claim 15 is directed to the method of item 15 of the thieves, wherein the electrophoretic fluid 〇 3 'charged dye particles are dispersed in a color dielectric solvent or solvent mixture. among. According to the method of claim 15, the method further comprises: utilizing a ratio; § I U is smaller than the sealing composition of the electrophoretic fluid to push the filled microcup to the top of the outer casing. 2 4. The root of the 虐 由 请 请 请 请 请 请 请 请 请 请 请 请 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利• The method according to the first aspect of the patent application, wherein the carrier solvent is completely dried in the step (i彳, mountain_% u 1). 26 i _ & The method of claim 16, wherein the carrier solvent is completely dried in the step "; ·, i step (11). XI. Schema: as in the next page 37