1306505 九、發明說明： 發明領域 本發明係關於一種用以在原位置上偵測特定成分濃度之儀器 發明背景及發明簡述 爲了偵測溶液中某特定成份之濃度，都是將該溶液抽出後放置於試管 或光測管(Cuvette)中，也就是一個已知體積之容器之中(或已知信號路 程之容器之中），而測量了特定成份之特異性信號之後由已知道體 積，故可由特定成份之總量除以體積而求得其濃度。 但此測量如何在原位置上從事。因爲不能將溶液由原容器中取出，原 容器可以是存有血液之血管或一條生產線上之樣液，在不將血液或樣 液取出之情況之下我們如何可以得到體積之資料，以求得濃度呢？ 我們必須另有一個代表體積的信號來求得濃度，因此必須至少有兩個 信號才行，一個是體積的信號，一個是特定成份之信號，如果是測量 二種成分則至少需要三種信號。由歸納法可知，如要知道#-1種成份 之濃度需要V個信號，而其中之一個爲體積之信號，其他的#-1個爲 各成份之特異信號。 傳統的方法，我們可以光柵的方法來分辨每一個信號，再由特定成份 信號除以體積之信號而求得濃度。 而體積之信號可以是直接測量之體積信號，例如以超音波或光反射來 胃量信號路程之長短。此發明提出以溶劑之信號來代替體積，溶劑 1306505 有溶液之絕大部分體積，故由溶劑之信號可以求得有效容器之體積， 即使此容器有非常不規則之形狀。如果溶劑之外，有任何標示物爲已 知濃度，貝跡可由此標示物之信號求得體積。此標示物可以是自生 的，也可以是外加的(詳如下述）。 圖一顯示一種根據本發明之一實施例之一種在原位置上偵測特定成 分濃度之儀器。 現以特異信號(自發或誘發皆可)來測量人體血液中之葡萄糖濃度當 爲實施例來說明此發明。 本例可以葡萄糖之特定信號爲特異成份之信號，而以水之特異信號爲 體積之指標[如果知道此人之血溶比(Hemotocrit)，貝丨J亦可以血紅素 之特異信號爲體積之代表，因爲由血紅素之量與血溶比就可量出血液 之總量]，也可以注射螢光標示物(FITC _1306505 IX. INSTRUCTIONS: FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an apparatus for detecting the concentration of a particular component in its original position. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to detect the concentration of a particular component in a solution, the solution is taken out and placed In a test tube or a Cuvette, that is, in a container of known volume (or in a container of known signal path), after measuring the specific signal of a specific component, the volume is known, so The total amount of a particular component is divided by the volume to determine its concentration. But how does this measurement work in the original position. Because the solution cannot be taken out of the original container, the original container can be a blood vessel or a sample on a production line. How can we obtain the volume information without taking out the blood or the sample solution? What about the concentration? We must have another signal representing the volume to determine the concentration, so there must be at least two signals, one for the volume and one for the specific component. If the two components are measured, at least three signals are required. According to the induction method, if it is necessary to know the concentration of the #-1 component, V signals are required, and one of them is a volume signal, and the other #-1 are specific signals of the components. In the traditional method, we can use a grating method to distinguish each signal, and then divide the signal of the specific component by the signal of the volume to obtain the concentration. The volume signal can be a volume signal that is directly measured, such as the length of the stomach signal by ultrasound or light reflection. The invention proposes to replace the volume with a solvent signal. The solvent 1306505 has a large volume of the solution, so the volume of the effective container can be determined by the signal of the solvent, even if the container has a very irregular shape. If there is any marker other than the solvent, the marker can be used to determine the volume from the signal of the marker. This marker can be either self-generated or added (as detailed below). Figure 1 shows an apparatus for detecting the concentration of a particular component in situ at an embodiment in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The measurement of the glucose concentration in human blood by a specific signal (spontaneous or inducible) is now described as an example. In this case, the specific signal of glucose can be the signal of the specific component, and the specific signal of water is the index of the volume. [If you know the Hemotocrit of this person, Belle J can also represent the specific signal of heme as the volume. Because the amount of blood can be measured by the amount of hemoglobin and blood-soluble ratio, you can also inject fluorescent markers (FITC _
Fluoroscin-isothiocyanate或自然發生之螢光物質當做標式物）， 作爲已知濃度之標示物。 爲了精確測量此二信號，則此二信號必須由同一體積中發出，不論是 葡萄糖之信號或體積之信號。(如果是由輸入信號源產生之誘發信 號，應照射相同之組織之中），然後才由信號收集裝置收集由目標物 質所發出之信號。如果是誘發信號則需要將被偵測之組織選定，此選 取裝置圈定被激發之組織。而信號收集裝置，則依標的物而決定其收 1306505 集信號之時間及位置。 收集了信號之後需要有光譜之工具將此信號分離，而同時希望收集之 信號越強越好，傳統之方法是用光柵；而此發明提出一個更好的儀 器，用中空圓錐體(5汲二色分光鏡⑻，如此我們可收集到最多的信 號(如圖一）。 圖一所示之組織爲手指(2)，當光源(1)由手指(2)內個1照到手指上與手 指之組織作用後由指甲之一方出來，並由一中空圓錐體(5)收集。而 指甲被一個像封套式之結構(3)包圍以固定位置，使得要硏究之信號 由相同之樣品中產生。· 爲了偵測在組織中之血液中之其他成份，則需有另外之特異性信號， 例如尿酸，膽固醇，三酸甘油，含氧血紅素或任何想要偵測濃度之藥 物或成份，每次偵測一種成份則只需偵測兩種信號，一爲特異成份另 一爲溶劑例如水，也可以許多成份(iV-l)同時偵測，則需要(#-1)個 二色分光鏡來分離#個信號，要ΛΓ個中空圓錐體，每個內含透鏡來將 iv個信號聚集到各自的偵測器去，而此個相連接至處理電路(7)之偵 測器⑹係放置在中空圓錐體之頂點以將信號集中於此處，而各中空 圓錐體之信號可以單光儀(包含波段透光濾波鏡)來純化其單光性。而 中空圓錐體之表面有高反射率’以增強其集中信號之能力。 此信號可以是自發性信號，如由同位素蛻變而釋出之γ粒子或 1306505 由化學能所釋出之化學螢光(Chemi - luminance-1 ight)(則不需用選 取裝置只需信號收集裝置）。也可是二次之信號，例如穿透光，散射 光，螢光，拉曼光等等，而係由另外之電磁信號如X光，可見光，紫 外光，紅外光，微波等所誘發，電磁信號可由各種雷射，二極體雷射， 發光二極體，各種燈或電磁源產生。 任何誘發之信號在激態都有一些時間後才發射誘發光，因此可先由選 取裝置引導外來信號激發標的物後，在泣時間之後再由收集裝置收集 在特定體積中誘發之信號，這就是所謂的以時間差來分析信號之技 術，此儀器可利用此來降低雜訊。如果激發之標的物以一定速度广移 動，則此方法可以更有用，因& = 〆△?，可知當時間後，在X受到 激發之標的物將移至x = x + ，並在此位置發射誘發之信號，因此 可在ί時激發在X之標的物，而將;C = x + = x + 當做收集信號之 特定體積’而在Μ時偵測由激發態之標的物所發射之誘發信 號，由此則可去除在X體積中所有沒有移動之成份所產生之雜訊。 我們可進一步由開關來增進信號/雜訊比，當由選取裝置入射之信 號開啓時’收集裝置關閉，選取裝置關閉，收集裝置打開，此開關之 週期可重覆許多次以進一步增強信號/雜訊比，此種安排當標的物 在管狀通道中流動如動脈或生產管線中時特別有用。 本發明之特點及技術內容已充分揭示如上，任何熟於本項技藝之士可 5 51306505 依據本發明之揭示及教示而做各種不背離本發明精神之替換或修 飾，因此本翻之讎範圍不應限於所揭祐胃_ ’ = 替換及修飾0 圖示簡單說明 由輸入信號源(1)釋出之信號由手指之指腹照到手指(2)，此手指受手指外套(3) 包含選取裝置及收集裝置，並固定手指於一定位置。信號在手指中產生誘發信號 ⑼，並由指甲端進入圓錐(5)，由其中之兩色分光鏡(8)將光線依光譜分別送入各 個不同偵測器⑹，再由電路(7)分析其強度。因各光譜強度分別代表特定成份之 總量，及其中之一代表特定體積，或可由此計算特定成份之濃度。 圖示主要代表符號 (1)輸入之信號源(光源）（2)手指 (3) 手指外套，包含選取裝置及收集裝置 (4) 指甲 （5)圓錐 （6)偵測器 (7)Λ§ (8)兩色分光鏡 （9)誘發信號或信號Fluoroscin-isothiocyanate or naturally occurring fluorescent material as a standard) is used as a marker of known concentration. In order to accurately measure these two signals, the two signals must be emitted from the same volume, whether it is the signal or volume of glucose. (If the induced signal is generated by the input source, it should be illuminated in the same tissue), and then the signal from the target material is collected by the signal collecting device. If the signal is induced, the tissue to be detected needs to be selected. This selection device delineates the tissue being activated. The signal collecting device determines the time and position of the 1306505 set signal according to the object. After collecting the signal, a spectrum tool is needed to separate the signal, and at the same time, it is desirable to collect the signal as strong as possible. The traditional method is to use a grating; and the invention proposes a better instrument, using a hollow cone (5汲二Color spectroscope (8), so we can collect the most signals (Figure 1). The tissue shown in Figure 1 is the finger (2), when the light source (1) is illuminated by the finger (2) inside the finger and the finger After the tissue acts, it comes out of one of the nails and is collected by a hollow cone (5). The nail is surrounded by a structure like a envelope (3) to fix the position, so that the signal to be studied is produced from the same sample. In order to detect other components in the blood of the tissue, additional specific signals such as uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, oxyhemoglobin or any drug or ingredient that is required to detect the concentration are required. When detecting one component, it only needs to detect two kinds of signals. One is a specific component and the other is a solvent such as water. It can also detect many components (iV-l) at the same time. (#-1) two-color spectroscope is required. To separate the #signal, you have to smash a hollow cone Body, each containing a lens to concentrate iv signals to respective detectors, and the detector (6) connected to the processing circuit (7) is placed at the apex of the hollow cone to concentrate the signal on Here, the signal of each hollow cone can be purified by a single light meter (including a band transmission filter), and the surface of the hollow cone has a high reflectivity 'to enhance its ability to concentrate signals. It can be a spontaneous signal, such as gamma particles released by isotope catalysis or 1306505 chemically fluorescing (Chemi-luminity-1 ight) (there is no need for a signal collection device to select the device). It can also be a secondary signal, such as transmitted light, scattered light, fluorescent light, Raman light, etc., but is induced by another electromagnetic signal such as X-ray, visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared light, microwave, etc., electromagnetic signal It can be generated by various lasers, diode lasers, light-emitting diodes, various lamps or electromagnetic sources. Any induced signal will emit light after some time in the excited state, so the external signal can be excited by the selection device. Subject matter After the weeping time, the signal induced in a specific volume is collected by the collecting device. This is a technique for analyzing the signal by time difference, and the instrument can use this to reduce the noise. If the target object is excited to move at a certain speed , this method can be more useful, because & = 〆 △?, it can be known that after the time, the object excited by X will move to x = x + and emit the induced signal at this position, so at ί Exciting the object at X, and; C = x + = x + as the specific volume of the collected signal' while detecting the induced signal emitted by the object of the excited state at the time of ,, thereby removing the X volume All the noise generated by the moving components. We can further enhance the signal/noise ratio by the switch. When the signal incident by the selecting device is turned on, the collecting device is turned off, the selecting device is turned off, and the collecting device is turned on. The cycle can be repeated many times to further enhance the signal/noise ratio, which is particularly useful when the subject flows in a tubular channel such as an artery or production line. The features and technical contents of the present invention have been fully disclosed as described above, and any alternative or modification of the present invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Should be limited to the exposed stomach _ ' = replacement and modification 0 The illustration simply states that the signal released by the input signal source (1) is illuminated by the finger to the finger (2), which is selected by the finger jacket (3) The device and the collecting device are fixed with a finger at a certain position. The signal generates an evoked signal (9) in the finger, and enters the cone (5) from the nail end. The two-color beam splitter (8) sends the light to each different detector (6) according to the spectrum, and then is analyzed by the circuit (7). Its strength. Since each spectral intensity represents the total amount of a particular component, and one of them represents a particular volume, or the concentration of a particular component can be calculated therefrom. The main symbols are (1) input signal source (light source) (2) finger (3) finger jacket, including selection device and collection device (4) nail (5) cone (6) detector (7) Λ § (8) Two-color spectroscope (9) induces a signal or signal