1306144 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明大體而言係關於一種石化燃料熔爐及一種操作石 化燃料炫爐之方法。更特定言之，本發明係關於一種燃粉 煤熔爐及-種操作燃粉煤熔爐以控制其中燃燒產物流之方 法。 【先前技術】 藉由切線燃燒法成功地使粉固態燃料在熔爐中懸浮燃燒 已有很長一辱時間。該切線燃燒技術涉及將粉固態燃料及 風自一熔爐之四個角引入該熔爐中從而以與該熔爐之中心 中的一虛圓成切線之方式來導引該粉固態燃料及風。此類 型之燃燒具有許多優點，其中具有以下優點：能使粉固態 燃料與風良好混合、穩定的火焰條件及燃燒氣體在溶爐中 具有較長的駐留時間。 已知一分級燃燒途徑可改良石化燃料熔爐（諸如舉例而 言，其中燃燒粉煤的熔爐）中N〇x之減少量。該分級燃燒途 徑可包含減少引入熔爐之主要火爐區（其為注入諸如粉煤 之燃料的區域）的風之數量，而非在主要火爐區上方引入更 大數量的風。 夕年來’在關係到解決對熔爐中由於化石燃料之燃燒而 產生的Ν Ο x之限制排放的必要性方面，已在先前技術中尋求 到不同的途徑。一種該途徑集中於發展適於在石化燃料熔 爐中使用所謂的低NOx燃燒系統。標題為“ clustered1306144 IX. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention generally relates to a fossil fuel furnace and a method of operating a fossil fuel furnace. More specifically, the present invention relates to a pulverized coal furnace and a method of operating a pulverized coal furnace to control the flow of combustion products therein. [Prior Art] It has been a long time for the solid fuel of the powder to be suspended and burned in the furnace by the tangential combustion method. The tangential combustion technique involves introducing powder solid fuel and wind from the four corners of a furnace into the furnace to direct the powder solid fuel and wind in a tangential line with a virtual circle in the center of the furnace. This type of combustion has a number of advantages, among which it has the advantage of allowing the powder solid fuel to be well mixed with the wind, stable flame conditions and a longer residence time of the combustion gases in the furnace. It is known that a staged combustion path can improve the reduction in N〇x in a petrochemical fuel furnace, such as, for example, a furnace in which pulverized coal is burned. The staged combustion path may include reducing the amount of wind introduced into the main furnace zone of the furnace, which is the area where fuel is injected, such as pulverized coal, rather than introducing a greater amount of wind above the main furnace zone. In the past few years, different approaches have been sought in the prior art in relation to the need to address the limited emissions of Ν 产生 x produced in the furnace due to the burning of fossil fuels. One such approach focuses on the development of so-called low NOx combustion systems suitable for use in petrochemical fuel furnaces. Titled "clustered
Concentric Tangential Firing System” 的美國專利第 92522.doc 1306144 5」020,454號群集^切線揭示了 —種該低NOx燃燒系統之 、'！/、於1991年6月4日頒佈並作為本專利中請案而讓 渡給㈣㈣人。㈣美國專利第5，_，454號之教示，提 ，了 -種群集同心切線燃燒系統，該系統包含—風箱、一 女衣於該風相中且可操作用以將群集燃料注人溶爐中從而 在其中產生第一燃料富集區的第一群集燃料喷嘴、一安裝 ;〜風相中且可操作用以將群集燃料注人炼爐中從而在其 中產生第—燃料富集區的第二群集燃料噴冑、—安裝於該 風箱中且可操作以將偏移風注人熔爐中從而將該偏移風= 二遠m㈣中之群集燃料並朝向㈣壁的偏移風嘴 嘴、-安裝於該風箱中且可操作以將緊麵合之火上風注注 入溶爐巾的_合火上財嘴及—安裝於朗箱中且可操 作以將分離火上風注入炫爐中的分離火上風喷嘴。 該低N〇x燃燒系統之另一實例為形成標題為，，lntegratedConcentric Tangential Firing System, U.S. Patent No. 92,522.doc 1306144 5, 020, 454, clustering tangents reveals a low NOx combustion system, '! /, issued on June 4, 1991 and granted to (4) (4) as a request in this patent. (d) U.S. Patent No. 5, _, 454 teaches, a cluster concentric tangential burning system, which includes a bellows, a blouse in the wind phase and operable to inject a cluster of fuel a first cluster of fuel nozzles in the furnace thereby producing a first fuel enrichment zone, a mounting; and a wind phase and operable to inject the cluster fuel into the furnace to produce a first fuel rich zone therein a second cluster of fuel squirting, installed in the bellows and operable to shift the wind into the furnace to offset the wind = two of the cluster fuel in the m (four) and toward the (four) wall of the offset nozzle Installed in the bellows and operable to inject the tight-fitting fire into the oven towel and to be installed in the trunk and operable to inject the upper wind Separate fire upwind nozzle in the furnace. Another example of the low N〇x combustion system is to form the title, lntegrated
Low NOx Tangential Firing System”之美國專利第 5,315 939 號的主題的系統’其於1994年5月31日頒佈並作為本專利申 請案而讓渡給相同受讓人。根據美國專利第5,3丨5,939號之 教示，提供了 一種一體式低Ν〇χ切線燃燒系統，該系統包含 粉固態燃料供應構件、火焰附著粉固態燃料之噴嘴尖頭、 同心燃燒噴嘴、緊_合之火上風及多級分離火上風，並且 當與一燃粉固態燃料熔爐一起使用時，該系統能夠使自其 排放之ΝΟχ限制至少於〇15 Ib /mim〇n BTU同時仍保持煙 灰中的碳少於5%及c〇排放少於5〇 ppm。 在兩個珂述參考中所揭示的兩種切線燃燒熔爐均利用以 92522.doc 1306144 本發明之一目的係提供具有一置於一高處之分離火上風 系統的熔爐，其能使鍋爐中之燃燒氣體的亞化學計量駐留 時間最大化，藉此降低NOxi排放。 本發明之一目的亦為提供一具有—分離火上風系統之熔 爐，其可改變注入熔爐中之煤的速度以減少Ν〇χ之排放。 本發明之另-目的係提供一熔爐，其對輔助風隔室使用 次級劃分以對鄰近領域之化學計量提供更強大的控制，藉 此降低NOxi排放。 >本發明之另目的係提供—溶爐，其藉由控制由低層煤 高度所注入之煤的軌線來降低ΝΟχ2排放。 可自圖式與說明書來對本發明之其它目的及優點作深一 層的理解。 【實施方式】 參看圖式，其中在若干圖中相同數字代表相同部件，； 化燃料熔爐10具有能形成火爐區12的複數個壁u，其中章 由一切線燃燒系統14來維持一燃燒過程。 切線燃燒系統Η較佳具有通常命名為同心切線燃燒系备 之類型。可在石化燃料炫爐1〇(可為一燃粉煤炼爐)之㈣ 12中來操作該同心切線燃燒系統i 4。火爐區^ 2界定了一室 直延伸穿過火爐區12之中心的縱向轴線BL。 火爐區12具有四個角，其中每個角自相鄰角大體上呈筹 距離’從而由該火爐區所形成之燃燒腔室具有平行六面選 幵v狀θ如’其可為矩形或正方形。在該燃燒腔室之四個 角中配置有第—風箱16Α、第二風箱ΐ6β、第三風箱戲 92522.doc •13- 1306144 第四風箱16D。如以一相對於燃燒區之縱向軸線BL的圓周 ，向觀察，第-風箱16A大致圓周地安置於第二風箱咖與 第四風箱16D的中間，從而使第—風箱16A位於距第二風箱 '6B與第四風箱} 6D各自—大致相等的圓周間隔處。如以一 圓周方向觀察，第三風箱16C大致圓周地安置於第二風箱 與第四風箱16D中間並位於此等風箱之各自的另一 側，從而使第三風箱16C位於距第二風箱16B與第四風箱 1 6D各自—大致相等的圓周間隔處。 "第—風箱1·6Α與第三風箱16C界定了相互成並列關係的 第一對並列風箱（意即，該對風箱安置於穿過縱向軸線bl 的對角線DD上）。第二風箱16B與第四風箱16D界定了相互 成並列關係的第二對並列風箱。 風箱16A-16D每個均包括複數個隔室，現在將關於第一風 箱16A作更詳細的描述，因而為此描述性目的，將第一風箱 16八扣定為一代表性風箱，應瞭解，其它風箱16心16〇之組 態及操作與此代表性風箱等同。第一風箱16A包含一系列低 層隔室18，其中每個低層隔室18均用於將燃料、風或燃料 與風兩者引入穿過其從而藉由此系列之低層隔室18來將風 與燃料之組合引入燃燒腔室中。然而，應瞭解，可對風箱 16A-16D中的一個或多個風箱進行替代組態從而其一系列 的低層隔室18僅隨意地（as desired)將燃料或風中之一選定 物引入火爐區12中。低層隔室18系列以一垂直配置延伸進 入熔爐之下半BH中，其中在自該等低層隔室中之一最頂部 的低層隔室（指定為頂部低層隔室18T)至該等低層隔室中 92522.doc -14- 1306144 成42亦提供低速SOFA噴射46。具有一常規尺寸之s〇FA, 嘴50的至少一個火上風隔室34提供SOFA噴射44，該等 SOFA喷射44具有為可用之風扇所容許的最大速度。設計變 速SOFA總成42，以使通過所有隔室34、36之風流與通過巨 大SOFA隔室36之壓降等同，該巨大sofa隔室36被藉由隔 至36之壁51及擋板52而形成於其中的有限通路所跨過。額 外SOFA自由區容許SOFA數量發生簡單變化以使其在鍋爐 調整期間最優。SOFA隔室34、36中的每一隔室均具有獨立 的偏轉控制器。 可藉由使用風箱次級劃分來控制鄰近區域化學計量，從 而獲得NOx排放之額外減少。參看圖6，可將位於一對煤注 入隔室18A、18B之間的風注入隔室18C分成三個較小的次 級隔室54、56、58，每個次級隔室均具有其固有的風喷嘴 60、62、64。將單個風噴嘴22分成三個個別風噴嘴6〇、a、 64會增加所得風噴射之表面積，從而導致更快地帶走能減 小局部氧濃度的廢氣。可為每個次級隔室54、56、58提供 -分離擋板66、68、7G，或者中間次級隔室％可具有_擔 板且上部及下部次級隔室54、58可具有—共同擒板，從而田 對鄰近火爐化學計量提供增強之控制。 較么地，次級隔室54、％、58將具有一共同傾斜控制含 72來為風箱最優化所需要的輔助風朝向或偏離鄰近煤喷: 20、20’的選擇性低 ' 伴Γ偏移作準備。次級隔室54、56、58可且福 分離偏轉控制器74。 八 _ 优符疋女裝而疋，可使一個或多個 級隔室偏移，间a主千μ , J $剩餘次級隔室呈直線。舉例而言，可箱 92522.doc •18- 1306144 10 化石燃料燃燒爐 11 爐壁 12 火爐區 14 同心切線燃燒系統 16A 第一風箱 16B 第二風箱 16C 第三風箱 16D 第四風箱 18T "頂部低層隔室 BH 下半爐體 RB 火球 BL 縱向軸線 DD 對角線 18A,18B 低層隔室/底部煤注入隔室 18C 風注入隔室 20, 20' 燃料噴嘴 22 二級風喷嘴 24 火上風隔室 26 南設置S 0 F A 28 頂部煤喷射隔室之中心線 30 高設置SOFA高度之中心線 32 鍋爐鼻 34, 36 火上風隔室 38 高設置SOFA系統 92522.doc -21 - 1306144 40 角中之噴嘴 42 變速SOFA總成 44 高速SOFA噴射 46 低速SOFA喷射 48 單個巨大SOFA喷嘴 50 常規尺寸SOFA喷嘴 51 隔室36之壁 52 擋板 54, 56, 58 "較小次隔室 60, 62, 64 風喷嘴 66, 68, 70 獨立擋板 72 共同傾斜控制器 74 獨立偏轉控制器 76, 78 傾斜及偏轉控制器 92522.doc -22-The system of the subject matter of the U.S. Patent No. 5,315,939, the disclosure of which is assigned to the same assignee as the present patent application. The teaching of No. 5,939 provides an integrated low-cut tangent combustion system that includes a powder solid fuel supply member, a nozzle tip for flame-attached powder solid fuel, a concentric combustion nozzle, a tight-fired wind and many Class separation fire upwind, and when used with a pulverized solid fuel furnace, the system is capable of limiting the enthalpy from its discharge to at least I15 Ib /mim〇n BTU while still maintaining less than 5% carbon in the ash And c〇 emissions less than 5 〇 ppm. The two tangentially fired furnaces disclosed in the two references are utilized at 92522.doc 1306144. One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a separation fire placed at a height a furnace for a wind system that maximizes the substoichiometric residence time of the combustion gases in the boiler, thereby reducing NOxi emissions. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a melting system with a separation fire upwind system It can vary the speed of the coal injected into the furnace to reduce the emission of helium. Another object of the invention is to provide a furnace that uses a secondary division of the auxiliary wind compartment to provide more robust stoichiometry to the adjacent area. Control, thereby reducing NOxi emissions. > Another object of the present invention is to provide a furnace that reduces ΝΟχ2 emissions by controlling the trajectory of coal injected from a low coal level. Other objects and advantages of the invention will be understood by the following description. [Embodiment] Referring to the drawings, wherein like numerals represent the same parts in several figures, the chemical fuel furnace 10 has a plurality of walls u capable of forming a furnace zone 12, wherein A combustion process is maintained by all of the line combustion systems 14. The tangential combustion system Η preferably has a type commonly referred to as a concentric tangential combustion system. It can be used in a petrochemical fuel furnace 1 (which can be a pulverized coal furnace) (4) The concentric tangential burning system i 4 is operated in 12. The furnace zone 2 defines a longitudinal axis BL of a chamber extending straight through the center of the furnace zone 12. The furnace zone 12 has four corners, each of which The combustion chamber formed by the furnace zone has a parallel six-sided selection v-shape such as 'which may be rectangular or square. The four corners of the combustion chamber are arranged. There is a bellows 16 Α, a second bellows ΐ 6β, a third bellows 92522.doc • 13-1306144 a fourth bellows 16D. As seen in a circle with respect to the longitudinal axis BL of the combustion zone, the first - The bellows 16A is disposed substantially circumferentially between the second bellows and the fourth bellows 16D such that the first bellows 16A is located at a circumference substantially equal to each of the second bellows '6B and the fourth bellows} 6D. Interval. As viewed in a circumferential direction, the third bellows 16C is disposed substantially circumferentially between the second bellows and the fourth bellows 16D and on the other side of the bellows so that the third bellows 16C is located at a distance The second bellows 16B and the fourth bellows 16D are each at substantially equal circumferential intervals. "The first bellows 1·6Α and the third windbox 16C define a first pair of side-by-side bellows in a juxtaposed relationship (that is, the pair of bellows are disposed on a diagonal DD passing through the longitudinal axis bl) . The second windbox 16B and the fourth windbox 16D define a second pair of side windboxes in a juxtaposed relationship. The bellows 16A-16D each include a plurality of compartments, and will now be described in more detail with respect to the first bellows 16A, thus for the purpose of descriptive purposes, the first bellows 16 is buckled into a representative bellows. It should be understood that the configuration and operation of other bellows 16 cores are equivalent to this representative bellows. The first windbox 16A includes a series of lower compartments 18, each of which is for introducing fuel, wind or both fuel and wind therethrough to thereby wind the low level compartment 18 of the series The combination with the fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber. However, it should be appreciated that one or more of the bellows 16A-16D may be alternately configured such that a series of lower compartments 18 only introduce one of the fuel or the wind as desired. In the stove area 12. The lower compartment 18 series extends into the lower half BH of the furnace in a vertical configuration, wherein one of the lowermost compartments (designated top lower compartment 18T) from the lowermost compartments to the lower compartments Medium 92522.doc -14-1306144 42 also provides low speed SOFA injection 46. With a conventional size s〇FA, at least one fire upwind compartment 34 of the nozzle 50 provides a SOFA injection 44 having a maximum speed that is acceptable for the available fan. The variable speed SOFA assembly 42 is designed such that the wind flow through all of the compartments 34, 36 is equivalent to the pressure drop through the large SOFA compartment 36, which is separated by the wall 51 and the baffle 52 of 36. The limited path formed therein is crossed. Additional SOFA free zones allow for a simple change in the number of SOFAs to optimize them during boiler adjustments. Each of the SOFA compartments 34, 36 has an independent deflection controller. The stoichiometry of the adjacent zone can be controlled by using the secondary division of the bellows to obtain an additional reduction in NOx emissions. Referring to Figure 6, the wind injection compartment 18C between the pair of coal injection compartments 18A, 18B can be divided into three smaller secondary compartments 54, 56, 58 each having its inherent Wind nozzles 60, 62, 64. Dividing the individual wind nozzles 22 into three individual wind nozzles 6A, a, 64 increases the surface area of the resulting wind jet, resulting in faster removal of exhaust gases that reduce local oxygen concentrations. A separate baffle 66, 68, 7G may be provided for each of the secondary compartments 54, 56, 58 or the intermediate secondary compartment may have a _ plate and the upper and lower secondary compartments 54, 58 may have - The common slabs allow the field to provide enhanced control over the stoichiometry of adjacent furnaces. Moreover, the secondary compartments 54, %, 58 will have a common tilt control 72 to assist the windbox optimization or to deviate from the adjacent coal jets: 20, 20' selective low' The offset is prepared. The secondary compartments 54, 56, 58 can separate the deflection controller 74. Eight _ 优 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋For example, can be box 92522.doc • 18-1306144 10 fossil fuel burning furnace 11 furnace wall 12 furnace area 14 concentric tangential burning system 16A first bellows 16B second bellows 16C third bellows 16D fourth bellows 18T "Top low floor compartment BH Lower half furnace body RB Fireball BL Longitudinal axis DD Diagonal line 18A, 18B Low floor compartment / Bottom coal injection compartment 18C Wind injection compartment 20, 20' Fuel nozzle 22 Secondary air nozzle 24 Fire Upwind compartment 26 South set S 0 FA 28 Top coal injection compartment centerline 30 High set SOFA height centerline 32 Boiler nose 34, 36 Fire upwind compartment 38 High setting SOFA system 92522.doc -21 - 1306144 40 nozzles in the corner 42 Variable speed SOFA assembly 44 High speed SOFA injection 46 Low speed SOFA injection 48 Single large SOFA nozzle 50 Conventional size SOFA nozzle 51 Wall 36 of the compartment 52 Baffle 54, 56, 58 " Smaller compartment 60 , 62, 64 Wind nozzles 66, 68, 70 Independent baffle 72 Common tilt controller 74 Independent deflection controller 76, 78 Tilt and deflection controller 92522.doc -22-