1303140 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於接地電阻的檢測，尤其是有關於一種.同時 監測多個工作站的接地電阻，並在測知異常的接地狀況發生 時即時發出警示的裝置。 【先前技術】 良好的接地是避免靜電危害的最重要方法，但儘管在科 技發達的今天，要做到良好的接地卻仍是一件困難的工作。 在兩科技的半導體、電子產業，因為靜電破壞而造成重要製 程的失敗或昂貴原物料的損失還是時有所聞。其他在_些具 有易燃物質的工作環境裡，像是加油站、化學工廠、瓦斯添 加站等，不良的接地代表的不僅是可能的財產損失，更可能 危害到寶貴的生命。 一般習知的生產工作環境中，常包含多條組裝線，而一 條組裝線常包含著多個依序排列的組裝站。為了避免在組裝 站進行組裝工作的作業人員身上攜帶或累積的靜電傷害到組 裝站所用的電子零件、測具、或是組裝中的產品，作業人員 通常會被要求穿著防靜電衣、鞋，作業人員也通常會被要求 配戴防靜電的腕帶（wrist strap)，另外地面上通常也會鋪設 防靜電的地墊（floor mat)、組裝站的桌面上設有防靜電的桌 塾（table mat)等。如第la圖所示，組裝站的地墊、桌塾 2〇、腕帶（未圖示）通常都是以導線連接到組裝站的一個共 5 1303140 同點接地（common point ground) 30。共同點接地通常是一 個固定在組裝站適當位置的金屬片或金屬導線。 如第lb圖所示，一條組裝線的各個組裝站的共同點接地 30疋通常是用一條導線40所串聯起來，各條組裝線的導線 40最後再匯集一起、或是分別的和（1)設備接地（equipment ground)連接或是和（2)另外獨立於設備接地之外的大地接地 (earth ground)連接 ° Φ 設備接地通常就是交流市電的地線所提供的接地。通常 建築物在構建時就會事先將一根地棒（gr〇undbar)深深打入 地裡、或是將多根地棒打入地裡並連接構成一個地網7〇。交 流市電的地線通常就是和地棒或地網連接，而後經過總分線 箱60分配到各樓層的分線箱5〇、然後再由分線箱5〇連接到 各個的電源插座（未圖示）。獨立於設備接地之外的大地接地 則是接在另外設置的地棒或地網。藉由這樣的安排，作業人 ® 員身上攜帶或工作中累積的靜電會經由腕帶、桌墊、或地墊、 組裝站的共同點接地、建築的設備接地或另外獨立的大地接 地漏洩到大地，以排除可能的靜電危害。 前述的接地架構也常見於包含多個工作機台（例如電子 零件的表面黏著機）的生產線。這些工作機台通常各自經由 電源插座與設備接地連接。除了生產線以外，加油站的加油 島也具有類似的環境。通常一個加油島設置有多座加油機， 1303140 每一加油機又有多把加油搶提供不同的油品。通常每座加油 機内部都設有接地線路與每把加油槍連接。每一加油島的加 油機的接地線路則通常連接到加油站的一根地棒或地網。 不娜疋組裝線、生產線、加油島、或是其他類似的環境， 都是包含有多個工作站（以下本文以「工作站」總稱這些組 裝站工作機台、加油機、或是類似的一個需要良好接地的 一個工作點），而這些工作站都必須要有良妤的接地以避免因 接地不良所產生的危害。但是常見的情形是，地棒或地網可 能因為長期埋在地裡受潮鏽蝕，造成接地電阻過大、甚至參 失接地的功能；或者因為施工的不慎或其他因素，分線箱根 本就未跟地棒或地網連接；又或者地棒或地網、設備接地和 工作站之間的電氣連結因為某些原因而斷路，這些都會導致 或多個工作站無法提供良好的接地。因此作業人員身上样 帶或工作中累積的靜電極可能就會損害組裝、生產過程中二 成品或半成品，甚至是昂貴的電子r具、機台本身。 目前-般習知的作法都是僅能解決前述問題的—部份， 最:見的就是以人工的方式定期檢測各個工作站的接地。比 方說’目前習用的人玉測量接地電_方法是採特殊的接地 了阻量測儀以三點接地的方式進行測量。所謂三點測量法， 是將接地電阻量測儀的二條測試線，連接到預先打好的二根 輔助接地棒’而將第三條測試線連接到待測的接地棒或接地 1303140 網。可μ想見的是，這種方式不僅費時費力，而&只適合測 量地棒或地網_地電阻，對於位於㈣或位於高樓層的接 地點讀方式並*適合，同時也無法得知從地棒或地網到使 用端待測接地點之間是否有任何電氣傳輸的障礙。此外，以 人工方式週期性的檢查方式，還是無法即時發現在二次檢測 之間的期間内發生的接地障礙。 另外，如美國專利5,623,255號提供的警示型腕帶，會在 腕帶和共同點接地脫離時發出音響的警報，但只要腕帶和共 同點接地保持連接，即使共同接地點完全沒有提供接地，腕 帶是不會發出警報的，因此無法偵測到共同點接地是否確實 提供有效的接地。還有如中華民國專利公告448,414號提供 的接地監測裝置’提供了對一特定接地點的接地電阻的即時 監控與自動報警，但要對多個工作站同時進行監測的話，則 需要裝設多台監測裝置，如此一來成本過高，二來也欠缺集 中監控管理的便利。 而且這些接地監測裝置運作上多會需要一個已經確知良 好的接地以做為參考。要找到這樣一個接地、並確知其為良 好的’勢必須要用到其他量測裝置與作法，例如前述的接地 電阻量測儀以及三點測量法，額外增加了許多安裝監測裝置 的困難和成本、時間。更令人困擾的是，如果這個「已經確 知良好的接地」是不是能一直保持r良好」的狀態也有不確 1303140 定性的話，這個「已經確知良好的接地」也需要定期的檢測， 不然監測裝置監測的結果也是不確定的。 【發明内容】 因此，本發明提出一種針對多個工作站或是其他類·似的 工作環境，同時監控多點的接地電阻的監測裝置，以解決前 述現行作法的各種不便與困難。 本監測裝置主要的特點之一是利用方便可以取得的交流 市電的接地和待測接地點之間經由大地構成的迴路來進行待 測接地點接地電阻的測量和監控。 本監測裝置另一主要的特點是可以隨時簡易的檢測交流 市電的接地是否良好，不需要用到費時費力的接地電阻量測 儀以及三點測量法。 本監測裝置再一主要的特點是可以將量測導線過長而具 有相當電阻的因素，納入考慮而將量測結果做適當的修正， 以避免做出誤判。 本監測裝置具有複數個監視埠口，以導線併聯連接複數 個被監控的工作站的共同點接地、設備接地、或是其他適當 的接地點。每一埠口可以依偵測對象設定不同的接地電阻安 全範圍、以及當監測到的接地電阻超出安全範圍時的警示方 式。另外由於導線可能延伸相當長的距離而具有相當的電 阻，因此每一埠口具有自動校正功能，避免監測線路本身的 1303140 電阻影響量測的結果。當任一埠口偵測到的接地電阻超出安 全範圍時，本監視裝置即自動發出警報。本監視裝置並提供 一個網路介面，可供遠端透過網路進行監測。 本監測裝置主要包含一處理單元、一顯示與操作幕元、 一檢驗與電源單元、以及一量測單元。處理單元係本監測裝 置的運算與處理核心，其他所有單元均與其具有雙向的連結 與資料交換。顯示與操作單元係本監測裝置的主要人機介 面，提供參數的設定、監測結果的顯示、以及警示的發出等 功能。檢驗與電源單元係與外部的交流市電連接，將其變壓 整流後供給其他單元運作所需的電力，並將外部的交流市電 的接地提供給量測單元作為量測各監視埠口接地電阻參考之 用。為了確保後者的量測結果的正確性，檢驗與電源單元另 一重要功能就是檢驗外部的交流市電的接地是否正常、以及 交流市電的接地電阻數值。量測單元在處理單元的控制下， 週期性的透過前述複數個監視埠口測量複數個接地點的接地 電阻，交由處理單元處理，而處理單元——與其安全範圍比 對，如有異常，即透過顯示與操作單元發出警示。 本監測裝置可以進一步包含一網路介面單元。該網路介 面單元其實就是將顯示與操作單元的人機介面，以網頁或類 似的介面方式呈現給透過網路登入的使用者，以供他們由遠 端進行參數的設定、閱讀監測的結果等功能。同樣的，處理 1303140 單元所發出的警示亦可呈現於網頁、或是以適當方式主動傳 送給特定對象。 茲配合所附圖示、實施例之詳細說明及申績專利範圍， 將上述及本發明之其他目的與優點詳述於後。當可了解所附 圖示純係為解說本發明之精神而設，不當視為本發明範疇之 定義。有關本發明範疇之定義，請參照所附之申請專利範圍。 【實施方式】 第2a圖所示係依據本發明的監測環境的示意圖。如圖所 示，本發明的監測裝置100係一獨立的裝置，其一方面與一 交流電源200 (通常是110V或220V的交流市電）連接以擷 取所需的電力，並以交流電源200的接地（也就是其地線對 大地的電阻）構成監測迴路；監測裝置100另一方面是以二 條或更多條的導線300、以並聯的方式連接到多個接地點 400，以量測該接地點的接地電阻。每一接地點400即是被監 控的工作站的共同點接地、設備接地、或是其他需要被監控 的接地點。如第2a圖所示，本發明的監測裝置100還可以額 外連接到一個適當的網路500以提供遠端的操作。網路500 是一個抽象的概念，其可以是一個有線或無線的區域網路、 或是經由一個區域網路連接到一個專屬的廣域網路或公眾_ 際網路，網路500也可以是行動數據網路（例如2.5G或3G 的行動通訊網路）。 1303140 第2b圖所示係依據本發明一實施例的監測裝置的功能 方塊圖。如圖所示，監測裝置100主要包含一處理單元110、 一顯示與操作單元120、一檢驗與電源單元130、以及一量測 單元140。其中，顯示與操作單元120係監測裝置100.的主 要人機介面。第2c圖所示係依據本發明一實施例的顯示與操 作單元的示意圖。如圖所示，顯示與操作單元120在監測裝 置100的機身上設有一顯示屏幕12卜與鍵盤組122，以供使 用者進行參數的設定、監測結果的顯示等功能。例如，在此 實施例中，監測裝置100共具有複數個監測埠口，所以在顯 示屏幕121上將這複數個監測埠口所量測到的結果，以「〇」 表示正常、而以「X」表示異常。請注意到第2c圖僅為例示， 非以此為限。另外，顯示與操作單元120還可以包含其他常 見的控制與顯示介面方法，例如以閃爍燈號、或是蜂鳴器、 喇我發出音響來提醒使用者注意到異常狀況的發生。顯示與 操作單元120還可以包含例如繼電器的介面以觸發其他外部 裝置的作動。 顯示與操作單元120是由處理單元110透過二者之間的 連結所驅動的，而使用者經由顯示與操作單元120所輸入的 設定也是交由處理單元110處理。處理單元110實係監測裝 置100的運算與處理核心，處理單元110具有一小型的處理 器架構，其中包含有處理器、唯讀記憶體、隨機存取記憶體、 12 1303140 輸出入控制器、實時時鐘、匯流排等等。處理單元11〇與其 他所有單疋均具有雙向的連結以進行資料交換。相關的細節 在此就不多贅述。 里測單元140具有複數個監视蜂口 141、以及一個控制 "面142 〇每-監視琿σ 141是以—條導線連接到一個 待測的接地點働。複數個監視埠口 141是共同連接到控制 介面Η2。處理單元削週期性的透過控制介面142對每一個 待測的接地點4G0 --進行測量。第2d圖所示係依據本發明 -實施例的接地電阻量測的示意圖。如圖所示，在處理單元 no (見第2b圖）的控制下’控制介面142選擇一特定的監 視璋口 14卜並使之與檢驗與電源單元m所提供的一適當 電源電壓133接續，進而構成_從電源電壓133、經由導線 300到待測接地點400、再由待測接地點4〇〇經由大地回到電 源電壓133的迴路，而整個迴路的電阻為(交流市電的 接地電阻）+R·(導線的線電阻）+R_ (待測接地點的接地 電阻）。反之，如果待測接地點4〇〇沒有正常接地的話，表示 無法構成一個經過大地的迴路、或是迴路的電阻極大，處理 單元110用同樣的方式推導出來的數值就會非常大，因此就 可以判斷出待測接地點400有沒有正常接地。 從第2d圖可以看出I〆導線3〇〇的線電阻）夠大的話， 有可能會造成誤判，因此本發明提供一種自動校正的功能。 13 1303140 這個力月b 4要先將R3〇〇 (導線300的線電阻）估算出來。第 圖所示係依據本發明一實施例的導線電阻量測的示意圖。 其接續方式與第2d圖所示類似。 百先需要說明的是，本監測裝置具有一個第二接地埠口 132在本發明的—個特殊校正模式下，本監測裝置内部的電 路曰改以&個琿口 132所連接的接地的來進行監測，而不是 使用父流市電的接地。這個埠口 132作用之—是，當有另外 個已知良好的接地的話，使用者可以選擇使用這個已知良 好的接地。這個埠π 132 $ 一作用就是用於推導出導線3〇〇 的電阻。在本發明的特殊校正模式下，將另外一條等長（或 長度相备接近）、相同材質（或材料非常近似）的導線3〇1從 第二接地埠口 132連接到同一待測接地點400,而構成一個 k路。整個迴路的電阻等於尺如（導線3〇1的線電阻）+1⑼ (導線300的線電阻）。導線3〇〇、3〇1材質長度相同、或非 书接近（圖中為了表示方便所以看起來不同），所以和 汉300應相同或非常接近，因而處理單元ιΐ()只要將量測的結 果除以2即可得到R300。 處理單7L 110在一非揮發性記憶體（未圖示）裡為每一 監視埠π 141記錄有三個數值，—個就是在該校正模式下所 測得的、該監視埠σ⑷所連接導線的電阻、另外二個則是 5 i視阜口 141所監測的接地點4〇〇的接地電阻的安全範圍 14 1303140 (一個為最小值、一個為最大值）。通常導線300的線電阻非 常小，所以通常不需要進行前述的校正動作（導線電阻在非 揮發性記憶體的内定值為零），但是當導線300非常長而有可 能影響量測結果的話，就可以經由前述的校正模式計算出的 導線電阻，由使用者輸入或由本裝置自動記錄到非揮發性記 憶體裡，而處理單元110在進行監測時，自動將此導線電阻 值從量測值中扣除，再和安全範圍做比對，如此而達到自動 φ 校正的功能。 檢驗與電源單元130係自一交流電源200 (例如電源插 孔）分別以導線取出交流市電的中性線201、火線202、與地 線203出來。檢驗與電源單元130經過整流穩壓後，提供適 當的電力給其他單元。檢驗與電源單元130並包含有一檢驗 部131以檢測交流市電的接地是否正常、及其接地電阻值（即 前述的R2〇3)。第2f圖係本發明一實施例的檢驗部的示意圖。 # 如圖所示，檢驗部131基本上包含負載部1311、切換開關 1313。負載部1311係包含一具有相當大阻值的電阻1312以 及和電阻1312並聯的一組電阻（未編號）。在此實施例中， 這組電阻包含四種大小的電阻：〇〇 (開路）、1ΜΩ、5.6ΚΩ、 200Ω，而由處理單元110控制負載部1311的多段切換開關（未 標號）予以切換。然後藉由切換電阻後是否有適當的電流導 通進入地線203，就可以由下表所列的導通狀況推知地線203 15 1303140 的接地是屬於哪一種（良好接地、沒有接地、還是假接地）、 以及其接地電阻值。 良好接地 假接地 沒有接地 00 導通 導通 沒有導通 1ΜΩ 導通 導通 沒有導通 5.6ΚΩ 導通 沒有導通 沒有導通 200Ω 導通 沒有導通 沒有導通 如果地線203確實有良好接地，那麼不論切換到四個電 阻中的那一個電阻，都會有電流導通進入地線203 (可以想 像圖中的問號是通路）。同理，如果地線203沒有接地，那麼 不論切換到四個電阻中的那一個電阻，都不會有電流導通進 入地線203 (可以想像圖中的問號是斷路）。比較特別的是假 接地。假接地是一種不良的接地，這種不良的接地可以漏洩 少量的電流但是電流大時就無法排除。所以當以小電阻（例 如5.6ΚΩ和200Ω)和電阻1312 (具有相當大的阻值）並聯 > 時，地線203的不良接地是無法收納這樣的大電流，但是當 以大電阻（例如〇〇和1ΜΩ)和電阻1312 (具有相當大的阻值） 並聯時，少量的電流還是可以經由地線203漏洩。 測試的結果由處理單元110藉由顯示與操作單元120燈 號的明滅、音響的發出，可以告知使用者地線203是否良好。 請注意上述負載部1311所含的電阻組合僅屬例示，其實不以 16 1303140 上述組合為限。處理單元110並將量測所得的接地電阻值 (r203)記錄在非揮發性記憶體裡，以供計算待測接地點接地 電阻之用。 由於現實環境中有時火線202和中性線2〇1的極性是接 反的（亦即交流電壓是來自中性線2(H、而非火線搬因 此切換開關m3可以選擇切換以火線2〇2或是中性線加為 輸入使用者可先以火線202為輸入，但是如果發現不論選 _ 擇何種負載均不導通的話，可將切換開關1313切到以中性線 201為輸入。如果測試結果發現確實有構成通路的情形的話， 代表交流電源200的極性相反。然後依照檢測結果，本實施 例還是可以判斷地線203的接地情形。 如第2b圖所示，監測裝置ι〇〇可以進一步包含一網路介 面單το 150。該網路介面單元其實就是將顯示與操作單元的 人機介面，以網頁或其他類似的文字或圖形介面方式呈現給 ® 透過一個網路500登入的使用者，以供他們由遠端進行參數 的設定、閱讀監測的結果等功能，另外發現有接地點異常的 情形，其警示亦可呈現於此介面。如前所述，網路5〇〇在此 是一個抽象的概念，其可以是一個有線或無線的區域網路、 或是經由一個區域網路連接到一個專屬的廣域網路或公眾網 際網路，網路5〇〇也可以是行動數據網路（例如2·5(3或3〇 的行動通訊網路）。因此視網路5〇〇的形式、協定，網路介面 17 1303140 單元15〇具輕配的實體介科σ、並㈣相容的通訊協 定。另外，除了被動的供使用者登人檢視外，網路介面單元 150也可以適當方式主動傳送警*給特定對象例如透過電 子郵件、簡訊、甚至直接撥號給特定對象等。 監測裝置100的使用方式概述如下。首先，將監測裝置 連接到-個交流電源2GG (通常是個電源插座），啟動監測裝 置100的一檢驗模式以確定該交流電源200的地線2〇3具有 良好的接地，同時將量測到的接地電阻值記錄起來；接下來， 以導線300將各個待測接地點4〇〇分別連接到各個監視埠口 14卜如果擔心某些導線3〇〇過長，可以針對這些導線3〇〇以 前述的校正模式計算並記錄這些導線3〇σ的電阻；接著，針 對各個待測接地點400輸入其安全範圍阻值，使監測裝 置100 週期性的自動對每一待測接地點400計算其接地電阻，並與 其安全範圍阻值比對，如果超出其範圍之外的話，就發出適 當的警示以提醒操作人員及早處置。 如果監測裝置100具有網路的介面，則前述的操作過程 還包括以適當的連線與網路500接續、以及設定監測裝置100 與網路通訊相關的參數，例如網路地址、遮罩（mask)、閘道 器（gateway)地址等。 藉由以上具體實施例之詳述，係希望能更加清楚描述本 創作之特徵與精神，而並非以上述所揭露祕體實施例來對 18 1303140 本創作之範疇加以限制。相反地，其目的是希望能涵蓋各種 改變及具相等性的安排於本創作所欲申請之專利範圍的範疇 内。 ' 【圖式簡單說明】 第1 a圖所示係習知的組裝站的接地環境。 第lb圖所示係習知的多個組裝站的接地環境。 第2a圖所示係依據本發明的監測環境的示意圖。 • 第2b圖所示係依據本發明一實施例的監測裝置的功能方塊 圖。 第2c圖所示係依據本發明一實施例的顯示與操作單元的示意 圖。 第2d圖所示係依據本發明一實施例的接地電阻量測的示意 圖。 第2e圖所示係依據本發明一實施例的接地電阻量測的示意 •圖。 第2f圖所示係依據本發明一實施例的檢驗部的示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 10 地塾 20 桌墊 30 共同點接地 40 導線 50 分線箱 60 總分線箱 70 地網 100 監測裝置 19 1303140 110 處理單元 120 顯示與操作單元 121 顯示屏幕 122 鍵盤組 130 檢驗與電源單元 131 檢驗部、 132 第二接地埠口 133 内部電壓 140 量測單元 141 監視埠口 142 控制介面 150 網路介面單元 200 父流電源 201 交流市電的中性線 202 交流市電的火線 203 交流市電的地線 300 導線 301 導線 400 接地點 500 網路 1311 負載部 1313 切換開關 1312 電阻 R300 線電阻 R301 線電阻1303140 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field of the invention] The present invention relates to the detection of grounding resistance, in particular to one. Simultaneously monitoring the grounding resistance of a plurality of workstations, and immediately issuing an alarm when detecting an abnormal grounding condition occurs s installation. [Prior Art] Good grounding is the most important way to avoid electrostatic hazards, but even in today's advanced technology, good grounding is still a difficult task. In the semiconductor and electronics industries of the two technologies, the failure of important processes or the loss of expensive raw materials due to electrostatic damage is still known. Others in work environments with flammable substances, such as gas stations, chemical plants, gas addition stations, etc., bad grounding represents not only possible property damage, but also more harmful to life. In a conventional production work environment, a plurality of assembly lines are often included, and an assembly line often includes a plurality of assembly stations arranged in sequence. In order to avoid the electrostatic damage carried or accumulated on the workers who are assembled at the assembly station to the electronic parts, measuring tools, or assembled products used in the assembly station, the workers are usually required to wear anti-static clothes, shoes, and work. Personnel are also usually required to wear an anti-static wrist strap. In addition, an anti-static floor mat is usually placed on the floor, and an anti-static table mat is placed on the desktop of the assembly station. )Wait. As shown in Figure la, the mats, tables, and wristbands (not shown) of the assembly station are typically connected to the assembly station by a total of 5 1303140 common point ground 30. The common point grounding is usually a piece of metal or metal wire that is fixed in place at the assembly station. As shown in Figure lb, the common point grounding 30 of each assembly station of an assembly line is usually connected in series by a wire 40, and the wires 40 of each assembly line are finally brought together or separately (1). Equipment ground connection or (2) earth ground connection independent of equipment grounding Φ Equipment grounding is usually the grounding provided by the AC mains ground. Usually, when building is built, a ground rod (gr〇undbar) is deeply driven into the ground, or a plurality of ground rods are driven into the ground and connected to form a ground net. The ground wire of the AC mains is usually connected to the ground rod or the ground net, and then distributed to the distribution box 5各 of each floor through the main distribution box 60, and then connected to each power socket by the junction box 5〇 (not shown) Show). The earth ground, which is independent of the grounding of the equipment, is connected to a ground rod or ground net that is additionally provided. With this arrangement, the static electricity accumulated on the worker's staff or at work may leak to the earth via the wristband, the table mat, or the floor mat, the common ground of the assembly station, the grounding of the building equipment, or another independent earth ground. To eliminate possible electrostatic hazards. The aforementioned grounding architecture is also common in production lines that include multiple work machines, such as surface mounters for electronic components. These work machines are usually each connected to the equipment ground via a power outlet. In addition to the production line, the gas station of the gas station has a similar environment. Usually, a refueling island is equipped with multiple refueling machines. 1303140 Each refueling machine has more oils to provide different oils. Usually, each tanker has a grounding line connected to each fueling gun. The grounding line of the tanker for each refueling island is usually connected to a ground rod or ground net of the gas station.疋 疋 assembly line, production line, fueling island, or other similar environment, all contain multiple workstations (hereinafter referred to as "workstations" collectively called these assembly stations working machines, tankers, or similar ones need to be good A working point of grounding), and these workstations must have good grounding to avoid the hazard caused by poor grounding. However, the common situation is that the ground rod or the ground net may be rusted and rusted due to long-term burial in the ground, causing the grounding resistance to be too large, or even the function of losing grounding; or because of the inadvertent construction or other factors, the junction box is not followed at all. Ground rods or ground grid connections; or electrical connections between ground rods or ground grids, equipment grounds, and workstations are disconnected for some reason, which can result in multiple stations not providing good grounding. Therefore, the static electrode accumulated in the sample belt or in the work of the operator may damage the second or semi-finished products in the assembly and production process, even the expensive electronic equipment and the machine itself. At present, the conventional practices are only able to solve the above problems - part, the most: see the manual grounding of each workstation in a manual manner. For example, the current method of measuring the grounding of the human jade is to use a special grounding resistance meter to measure at three points grounding. The so-called three-point measurement method is to connect two test lines of the grounding resistance measuring instrument to the two auxiliary grounding rods that are pre-punched and connect the third test line to the grounding rod to be tested or the grounding 1303140 net. It can be seen that this method is not only time-consuming and laborious, but & only suitable for measuring the ground rod or ground grid _ ground resistance, for the grounding point located at (4) or on the high floor and * suitable, but also can not know Is there any obstacle to electrical transmission from the ground rod or ground grid to the ground point to be tested at the end of use? In addition, it is not possible to immediately find the grounding obstacle that occurs during the period between the secondary tests by the manual periodic inspection method. In addition, the warning type wristband provided in U.S. Patent No. 5,623,255, will give an audible alarm when the wristband and the common point are grounded, but as long as the wristband and the common point are grounded, even if the common grounding point does not provide grounding at all, the wrist The band does not sound an alarm, so it is not possible to detect if the common point grounding does provide an effective ground. There is also a grounding monitoring device provided by the Republic of China Patent Bulletin No. 448, 414, which provides instant monitoring and automatic alarming of the grounding resistance of a specific grounding point. However, if multiple workstations are to be monitored simultaneously, multiple monitoring devices are required. As a result, the cost is too high, and the second is also lack of centralized monitoring and management. Moreover, these grounding monitoring devices will require a well-established grounding for reference. To find such a grounding and knowing that it is good, it must use other measuring devices and practices, such as the aforementioned grounding resistance measuring instrument and three-point measuring method, which adds many difficulties and costs for installing the monitoring device. ,time. What is even more disturbing is that if this "already known good grounding" is still in a state of good r", it is also true that the "good grounding" is also required to be periodically tested. Otherwise, the monitoring device The results of the monitoring are also uncertain. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a monitoring apparatus for monitoring a plurality of grounding resistances for a plurality of workstations or other similar working environments to solve various inconveniences and difficulties of the prior art. One of the main features of the monitoring device is to measure and monitor the grounding resistance of the grounding point to be tested by using a circuit formed by ground between the grounding of the AC mains and the grounding point to be tested. Another main feature of the monitoring device is that it is easy to detect the grounding of the AC mains at any time. It does not require the use of a time-consuming and grounding resistance measuring instrument and a three-point measuring method. A further major feature of the monitoring device is that the measurement leads can be made too long and have considerable resistance factors, and the measurement results can be appropriately corrected to avoid misjudgment. The monitoring device has a plurality of monitoring ports for connecting the common points of the plurality of monitored workstations in parallel with the wires, the grounding of the equipment, or other suitable grounding points. Each port can set different grounding resistance safety ranges according to the detection object, and the warning mode when the monitored grounding resistance exceeds the safe range. In addition, since the wires may extend over a considerable distance and have considerable resistance, each port has an automatic correction function to avoid monitoring the results of the 1303140 resistance of the line itself. The monitoring device automatically raises an alarm when the ground resistance detected by any of the ports exceeds the safe range. The monitoring device also provides a network interface for remote monitoring over the network. The monitoring device mainly comprises a processing unit, a display and operation screen element, a test and power supply unit, and a measuring unit. The processing unit is the core of the operation and processing of the monitoring device, and all other units have a two-way connection and data exchange. The display and operation unit are the main man-machine interface of the monitoring device, providing parameters, display of monitoring results, and notification of alarms. Verify and connect the power supply unit to the external AC mains connection, convert it to voltage and supply it to the power required by other units, and provide the external AC mains ground to the measurement unit as a reference for measuring the grounding resistance of each monitoring port. Use. In order to ensure the correctness of the latter measurement results, another important function of the test and power supply unit is to check whether the grounding of the external AC mains is normal and the grounding resistance of the AC mains. The measuring unit periodically measures the grounding resistance of the plurality of grounding points through the plurality of monitoring ports under the control of the processing unit, and the processing unit is processed by the processing unit, and the processing unit is compared with the safety range thereof, and if there is an abnormality, That is, an alert is issued through the display and operation unit. The monitoring device can further include a network interface unit. The network interface unit is actually a human-machine interface of the display and operation unit, which is presented to the user who logs in through the network by using a webpage or a similar interface, so that they can set parameters, read monitoring results, etc. from the remote end. Features. Similarly, the alert sent by the processing unit 1303140 can also be presented to the web page or actively transmitted to the specific object in an appropriate manner. The above and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and claims. It is to be understood that the appended drawings are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. For a definition of the scope of the invention, please refer to the attached patent application. [Embodiment] Fig. 2a is a schematic view showing a monitoring environment according to the present invention. As shown, the monitoring device 100 of the present invention is a stand-alone device that is connected to an AC power source 200 (typically 110V or 220V AC mains) to draw the required power and to be powered by the AC power source 200. The grounding (that is, the resistance of the ground to the earth) constitutes a monitoring circuit; the monitoring device 100 is connected on the other hand to two or more grounding points 400 by two or more wires 300 to measure the connection. Grounding resistance of the location. Each ground point 400 is the common point grounding of the monitored workstation, grounding of the equipment, or other grounding points that need to be monitored. As shown in Figure 2a, the monitoring device 100 of the present invention can also be additionally connected to an appropriate network 500 to provide remote operation. Network 500 is an abstract concept. It can be a wired or wireless local area network, or connected to a dedicated WAN or public network via a regional network. Network 500 can also be mobile data. Network (such as 2.5G or 3G mobile communication network). 1303140 Figure 2b is a functional block diagram of a monitoring device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the monitoring device 100 mainly includes a processing unit 110, a display and operation unit 120, a verification and power supply unit 130, and a measurement unit 140. The display and operation unit 120 is a main human-machine interface of the monitoring device 100. Figure 2c is a schematic illustration of a display and operating unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the display and operation unit 120 is provided with a display screen 12 and a keyboard group 122 on the body of the monitoring device 100 for the user to perform parameter setting, display of monitoring results, and the like. For example, in this embodiment, the monitoring device 100 has a plurality of monitoring ports, so the results measured by the plurality of monitoring ports on the display screen 121 are normalized by "〇", and "X" "" is abnormal. Please note that the 2c figure is only an illustration, not limited to this. In addition, the display and operation unit 120 may also include other common control and display interface methods, such as flashing lights, or buzzers, and sounds to alert the user to the occurrence of abnormal conditions. Display and operation unit 120 may also include an interface such as a relay to trigger actuation of other external devices. The display and operation unit 120 is driven by the connection between the processing unit 110, and the settings entered by the user via the display and operation unit 120 are also handled by the processing unit 110. The processing unit 110 is a computing and processing core of the monitoring device 100. The processing unit 110 has a small processor architecture including a processor, a read-only memory, a random access memory, and a 12 1303140 output controller. Clock, bus, etc. The processing unit 11 has a two-way connection with all other units for data exchange. Related details are not repeated here. The measuring unit 140 has a plurality of monitoring beehives 141, and a control " face 142 〇 per-monitoring 珲 σ 141 is connected by a wire to a ground point to be tested 働. A plurality of monitoring ports 141 are commonly connected to the control interface Η2. The processing unit cuts the periodic transmission control interface 142 to measure each of the ground points 4G0 to be tested. Fig. 2d is a schematic view showing the measurement of the grounding resistance in accordance with the present invention. As shown, under control of the processing unit no (see Figure 2b), the control interface 142 selects a particular monitoring port 14 and causes it to continue with an appropriate supply voltage 133 provided by the power supply unit m. Further, it constitutes a loop from the power source voltage 133, via the wire 300 to the ground point 400 to be tested, and then back to the power source voltage 133 via the earth to be tested, and the resistance of the entire circuit is (the grounding resistance of the AC mains). +R· (wire resistance of the wire) +R_ (grounding resistance of the ground point to be tested). On the other hand, if the grounding point 4〇〇 to be tested is not properly grounded, it means that the loop that passes through the earth cannot be formed, or the resistance of the loop is extremely large, and the value derived by the processing unit 110 in the same manner is very large, so It is judged whether the grounding point 400 to be tested is normally grounded. It can be seen from Fig. 2d that the line resistance of the I〆 wire 3〇〇 is large enough to cause misjudgment, and therefore the present invention provides an automatic correction function. 13 1303140 This force month b 4 must first estimate R3〇〇 (the line resistance of wire 300). The figure shows a schematic diagram of wire resistance measurement in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The connection method is similar to that shown in Figure 2d. It should be noted that the monitoring device has a second grounding port 132. In the special calibration mode of the present invention, the circuit internal tampering of the monitoring device is connected to the grounding of the port 132. Monitor instead of using the grounding of the parent flow. This port 132 acts—that is, when there is another known good ground, the user can choose to use this known good ground. This 埠π 132 $ is used to derive the resistance of the wire 3〇〇. In the special calibration mode of the present invention, another wire 3〇1 of equal length (or close in length) and the same material (or material is very similar) is connected from the second grounding port 132 to the same grounding point to be tested 400. And constitute a k road. The resistance of the entire loop is equal to the ruler (wire resistance of wire 3〇1) + 1 (9) (wire resistance of wire 300). The wires 3〇〇 and 3〇1 have the same material length or are not close to each other (the figure looks different for convenience), so it should be the same or very close to Han 300, so the processing unit ιΐ() only needs to measure the result. Divide by 2 to get R300. The processing unit 7L 110 records three values for each monitor 埠 141 in a non-volatile memory (not shown), that is, the measured 埠σ(4) connected wires measured in the calibration mode. The resistance and the other two are the safety range 14 1303140 (one minimum value and one maximum value) of the grounding resistance of the grounding point 4〇〇 monitored by the port 141. Generally, the wire resistance of the wire 300 is very small, so the above-mentioned correcting action is usually not required (the wire resistance is zero in the non-volatile memory), but when the wire 300 is very long and may affect the measurement result, The wire resistance that can be calculated through the aforementioned calibration mode is automatically input to the non-volatile memory by the user or by the device, and the processing unit 110 automatically deducts the wire resistance value from the measured value when performing monitoring. And then compare with the safe range, thus achieving the function of automatic φ correction. The inspection and power supply unit 130 is taken out from an AC power source 200 (e.g., a power outlet) by a wire to take out the neutral line 201, the live line 202, and the ground line 203 of the AC mains. After the verification and power supply unit 130 is rectified and regulated, it supplies appropriate power to other units. The inspection and power supply unit 130 includes a verification unit 131 for detecting whether the grounding of the AC mains is normal and its grounding resistance value (i.e., R2〇3 described above). Fig. 2f is a schematic view of an inspection unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. # As shown in the figure, the inspection unit 131 basically includes a load unit 1311 and a changeover switch 1313. The load portion 1311 includes a resistor 1312 having a relatively large resistance value and a group of resistors (not numbered) in parallel with the resistor 1312. In this embodiment, the set of resistors includes four sizes of resistors: 〇〇 (open circuit), 1 Ω Ω, 5.6 Ω Ω, 200 Ω, and the multi-segment switch (not labeled) that controls the load portion 1311 by the processing unit 110 switches. Then, by switching the resistors to see if there is proper current to enter the ground line 203, it can be inferred from the conduction conditions listed in the table below which type of grounding 203 15 1303140 is grounded (good ground, no ground, or false ground) And its grounding resistance value. Good grounding false grounding no grounding 00 conduction conduction no conduction 1ΜΩ conduction conduction no conduction 5.6ΚΩ conduction no conduction no conduction 200Ω conduction no conduction no conduction If the ground line 203 does have good grounding, then switch to the one of the four resistors , there will be a current conduction into the ground line 203 (it is conceivable that the question mark in the figure is the path). Similarly, if the ground line 203 is not grounded, no current will be conducted into the ground line 203 regardless of the resistance of the four resistors (it is conceivable that the question mark in the figure is an open circuit). More special is the false ground. False grounding is a poor grounding. This poor grounding can leak a small amount of current but cannot be eliminated when the current is large. Therefore, when a small resistance (for example, 5.6 Ω and 200 Ω) and a resistor 1312 (having a relatively large resistance) are connected in parallel, the poor ground of the ground 203 cannot accommodate such a large current, but when a large resistance (for example, 〇 When 〇 and 1ΜΩ) and resistor 1312 (having a relatively large resistance) are connected in parallel, a small amount of current can still leak through the ground line 203. The result of the test can be informed by the processing unit 110 whether the ground line 203 is good or not by displaying and extinguishing the signal of the operating unit 120. Please note that the combination of resistors included in the above-mentioned load portion 1311 is merely an example, and is not limited to the above combination of 16 1303140. The processing unit 110 records the measured ground resistance value (r203) in the non-volatile memory for calculating the grounding resistance of the ground point to be tested. Due to the fact that the polarity of the live line 202 and the neutral line 2〇1 is reversed in the real environment (that is, the AC voltage is from the neutral line 2 (H, not the live line. Therefore, the switch m3 can be selected to switch to the live line 2〇). 2 or the neutral line is added as the input user, the fire line 202 can be used as the input first, but if it is found that no load is selected, the switch 1313 can be cut to the neutral line 201 as input. The test results show that there is indeed a situation in which the path is formed, which means that the polarity of the AC power source 200 is reversed. Then, according to the detection result, the grounding condition of the ground line 203 can be judged according to the detection result. As shown in Fig. 2b, the monitoring device ι can be Further, the network interface unit το 150 is provided. The network interface unit is actually a human-machine interface for displaying and operating the unit, and is presented to the user who logs in through a network 500 by using a webpage or other similar text or graphic interface. For the purpose of setting parameters and reading monitoring results from the remote end, and finding that there is an abnormal grounding point, the warning can also be presented to this interface. As mentioned earlier, the Internet 5 is an abstract concept here, which can be a wired or wireless local area network, or connected to a dedicated WAN or public Internet via a regional network. The network 5〇〇 can also be a mobile data network (for example, 2. 5 (3 or 3 行动 mobile communication network). Therefore, depending on the form and protocol of the network, the network interface 17 1303140 unit 15 is light. The physical entity σ, and (4) compatible communication protocol. In addition, in addition to the passive user access check, the network interface unit 150 can also actively transmit the police to specific objects such as emails, newsletters. Even dialing directly to a specific object, etc. The manner of use of the monitoring device 100 is summarized as follows. First, the monitoring device is connected to an AC power source 2GG (usually a power outlet), and a verification mode of the monitoring device 100 is activated to determine the AC power source. The ground wire 2〇3 of 200 has good grounding, and the measured grounding resistance value is recorded; next, the grounding points 4待 to be tested are respectively connected by wires 300 to If you are worried that some of the wires 3 are too long, you can calculate and record the resistance of these wires 3〇σ for these wires 3〇〇 in the aforementioned correction mode; then, input for each ground point 400 to be tested. The safety range resistance value enables the monitoring device 100 to automatically calculate the grounding resistance of each grounding point 400 to be tested periodically and compare it with the resistance range of the safety range. If it is outside the range, an appropriate warning is issued. The operator is reminded to deal with it early. If the monitoring device 100 has a network interface, the foregoing operation process further includes connecting the network 500 with an appropriate connection, and setting parameters related to the network communication of the monitoring device 100, such as a network. Address, mask, gateway address, etc. The detailed description of the specific embodiments above is intended to provide a clearer description of the features and spirit of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention by the above-described disclosed embodiments. On the contrary, it is intended to cover a variety of changes and equivalences within the scope of the patent application to which the present invention is intended. ' [Simple description of the diagram] Figure 1 a shows the grounding environment of a conventional assembly station. Figure lb shows the grounding environment of a plurality of conventional assembly stations. Figure 2a shows a schematic representation of a monitoring environment in accordance with the present invention. • Figure 2b is a functional block diagram of a monitoring device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2c is a schematic illustration of a display and operation unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2d is a schematic view showing the measurement of the grounding resistance according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2e is a schematic view of a grounding resistance measurement in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2f is a schematic view showing an inspection portion according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 10 Mantle 20 Table mat 30 Common point grounding 40 Conductor 50 Distribution box 60 Total distribution box 70 Ground grid 100 Monitoring device 19 1303140 110 Processing unit 120 Display and operation unit 121 Display screen 122 Keyboard group 130 Inspection and power supply unit 131 Inspection unit, 132 Second grounding port 133 Internal voltage 140 Measuring unit 141 Monitoring port 142 Control interface 150 Network interface unit 200 Parent power supply 201 AC mains line 202 AC mains line 203 AC mains ground wire 300 wire 301 wire 400 grounding point 500 network 1311 load part 1313 switch 1312 resistor R300 line resistance R301 line resistance
2020