TWI302419B - - Google Patents

Description

1302419 IX. Description of the invention · Technical field of the invention A gas discharge lamp preheating temperature control method and device thereof, in particular, a method for measuring a preheating temperature of a filament by measuring the voltage across the filament to achieve a gas discharge lamp The technical field of thermal temperature control. [Prior Art] The principle of light emission of a gas discharge lamp is to generate a light source by utilizing the energy released by a large amount of electrons and returning to the ground state. The commonly used method for causing electrons to reach the excited state is to heat the cathode filament to provide sufficient energy to cause the electron to be free. Therefore, the preheating of the filament directly affects the starting characteristics and service life of the gas discharge lamp. The following is the most common fluorescent light to illustrate. The basic structure of the fluorescent lamp (FlUorescentLamp) is shown in Figure 1. The tube is filled with mercury vapor, and the tube wall is coated with fluorescent chemicals. The lamps have symmetrical electrodes at both ends. During operation, the cathode and the anode are exchanged to extend the life of the tube. The electrode is made up of very thin tungsten wire. It is usually designed with double helix and triple helix. The purpose is to increase the length of the lamp to apply more filament coating material. Most of the coatings are oxides of electrons that are easily freed, such as oxidized words, cerium oxide, cerium oxide, and the like. When the filament is heated to a sufficient temperature, free electrons may be distributed in the vicinity of the filament. At this time, if a sufficiently high voltage (ignition voltage) is applied across the tube, the free electron is affected by the electric field applied to both ends. Generates an electronic charge motion. The high-speed moving electrons and the gas atoms in the tube collide with each other to release more electrons and ions. When this phenomenon reaches a certain level, the mercury vapor in the tube will be released, and the ultraviolet rays will be visible to the naked eye. The fluorescent material on the tube wall is converted into visible light. Therefore, it can be seen that when the filament coating is exhausted, it is impossible to emit free electrons, that is, when the fluorescent lamp is at the end of its life. Therefore, the service life of the fluorescent lamp official depends mainly on the speed at which the coating material on the filament is consumed, and the filament temperature at the time of lighting the lamp directly determines the consumption rate of the coating material 13.02419 on the filament. In other words, the filament preheating temperature when the fluorescent lamp is activated directly determines the life of the fluorescent tube. Before the lamp is started, if the filament is at the proper temperature for electron emission, the filament electrode has a large voltage difference to force the filament coating material to be released. Because this method will shorten the life of the lamp due to a large amount of sputtering, on the contrary, if the temperature of the filament electrode is too high, although it is easy to emit electrons, the coating material on the filament will be evaporated and consumed by a large amount of high temperature. Will shorten the life of the lamp. Therefore, when the ignition voltage is not added to the lamp, the current flows through the filament to preheat, and the filament is preheated to

Between 750 °C and 800 °C (about 1000 炙), the filament is easy to emit hot electrons to avoid sputtering; this can also reduce the required ignition voltage and effectively extend the life of the lamp [Ref. 1-3 ]. However, in order to save cost, a commercially available electronic starter often consists of a resistor and a capacitor (RC) to form a preheating timing circuit, as shown in FIG. The preheating time and the initial temperature of the filament are designed to be a depreciation value. When the lamp is used, it is impossible to determine that the filament temperature has reached 750°〇8001:, so it may be insufficient to preheat or preheat. The phenomenon is shown in Figure 3. This phenomenon is most noticeable when the fluorescent lamp is repeatedly activated, because the heating time is fixed, which often causes the filament to be overheated, causing a large amount of evaporation of the coating material on the filament, which shortens the life of the lamp. ❿Electronic ballasts often use a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) resistor and capacitor to control the preheating time of the filament using the characteristics of a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) resistor, as shown in Figure 4 but in actual use, due to the capacitor Cg and Ch error value and positive temperature coefficient (pTc) resistance reaction speed, the lamp is also ignited when the lamp is ignited, the filament temperature has reached the age of the test - in order to ride low cost and positively measure the filament temperature And then determine the best warm-up time, this paper proposes - the new money light difficult to control method, is to detect the voltage value at both ends of the electrode, _ break the fluorescent temperature of the difficult temperature of the preheating control method, which is not only any domain Sensing components, the financial reaction speed is faster and higher. The principle of the present invention is based on the fact that the cathode filament of the county lamp belongs to the positive temperature order, the temperature of the current flowing through it, and the length of the pre-scale. On the day of use, it is usually desirable to turn the dragon at the appropriate temperature for electron release, and the required ignition period 1302419 will be lower to facilitate lamp life. If the filament preheating temperature is too high or too low, the use of the lamp will be shortened. In addition, the ambient temperature also affects the initial temperature of the filament at startup. The lower the ambient temperature, the lower the initial temperature of the filament, and the relative warm-up time is also increased to allow the filament to reach the proper temperature. Depending on the design of the fluorescent lamp, the filament resistance varies considerably and varies with temperature. The relationship between filament resistance and temperature can be expressed as Ά tc

R 0.814 [Reference 5], where 7; filament temperature at room temperature

(especially) 'L is the filament temperature at the time of preheating, especially the filament resistance (〇) when it is a ruler, and & is the filament resistance (Ω) at 8 o'clock. From this formula, the filament is from the chamber. The temperature rises to 1〇〇〇. Oh, its resistance is about 4.5 times its original. Therefore, by using the physical characteristics of the filament, the correct temperature of the filament can be known, thereby determining the optimal warm-up time. The invention provides a novel fluorescent lamp preheating control electronic starter, which is a novel preheating control method for detecting the voltage value at both ends of the electrode filament to determine the preheating temperature of the fluorescent lamp filament, which does not need any sensing The component has the advantages of fast response and high accuracy. [References] u] i Dongdahua, Liu Jiuchang, Xu Qinghui, Liu Dong translation, light source and lighting (fourth edition), Fudan University Press, 90 years of the Republic of China. [2] Wu Caifu, Yu Dehong, Liu Yuanquan, single-level high-infrared electronic stabilizer, Quanhua Book Company, Republic of China 86 years. [3] Li Mu, “The electronic ballast for the camping light with zero ignition current started”, Master's thesis of the Department of Electrical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, January 1992. Edited by U Caihong, the electronic stability device, * Hua Technology Book Co., Ltd. 5J, the Republic of China 86 years. τ ^ Jl? ?; iDaV1S? C*0, Rourke, and EWM Chui9 "Compatibility Tes mg of Fluorescent lamp and Ballasted Systems^ IEEE Transactions on Industry Apphcationsy〇\35^〇. 69pp. 127M276?Nov./Oec. 1999 1302419 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A method for measuring the preheating temperature of a gas discharge lamp, at least eight steps: a.- start the miscellaneous work on the lining, and measure the surface of the lamp surface 3 = according to the amount Measure the voltage across the filament and calculate the filament temperature; if the towel is patented, b. According to the method described above, the method of using the lamp «light temperature", the financial function = fluorescent lamp, sodium metal lamp, gas lamp , complex metal lamps or mercury lamps. 1 』 is a kind of «discharge temperature control method, which at least contains a.- begins to read its lining, and measures its voltage at both ends; measures the voltage across the filament' to calculate the temperature of the neon; e. Is it possible for Shun Qilin? = Temperature 4 If the temperature of the filament has reached the preset temperature, the light is lit #; e. If the edge of the lamp has not reached the preset temperature, then the domain is _ secret, and the step b is paid. . '= Kind of gas preheating temperature control method, can be used to light metal light, xenon lamp, metal flashing lamp or mercury lamp. And - viewing the preheating temperature setting of the gas discharge, which at least includes - a control and a pressure measuring device, the control device is used to read the measured value of the voltage measuring device to calculate the gas discharge lamp Preheating temperature. The above-mentioned device for measuring the surface temperature of a gas discharge lamp can be used for a flashlight, a sodium two-gold metal lamp or a mercury lamp. And - an electronic start-up H for the (four) f-lamp, which comprises - a miscellaneous device, a device, an ignition device and a voltage quantity fiber; the rectifying circuit is used to convert the cogeneration power source into a direct current The electronic circuit for the electronic starter is used; the control = the measured value to determine the preheating temperature of the gas discharge lamp; t the fire device is equipped with a Lai ballast to produce at both ends of the gas discharge lamp = The coating material on the wire generates an electron charge motion, thereby illuminating the gas discharge lamp; the electric tampering device is a wire # 测 gas discharge wire is electrically difficult at both ends, 帛

Preheating temperature; the overall circuit action is as follows: When the gas discharge lamp has not been illuminated, the J material S can be regarded as an open circuit 'the filament has not yet started to warm up, and its filament temperature can be regarded as room temperature; when the AC power is sent to the 'control device The ignition device is triggered to be turned on to form a loop, so that the flow 1302419 flows through the filament to start preheating; at this time, the voltage measurement is measured and returned to the control device; the control device measures the voltage value at both ends of the f wire. Infer the temperature of the filament; if the filament temperature is two = the electrical device at both ends of the filament is returned to trigger the ignition device to cut off the preheating voltage, the filament temperature is controlled, and the electronic actuator of the discharge lamp is controlled, which may also include - Electricity = one of the above-mentioned preheating currents of the filament of the gas tube'. When the current detecting device is preset to the second reference value, the filament preheating current is continuously discharged equal to the preset reference of the ignition voltage setting device; , gas, gold or gold discharge lamps can be used for riding lights, nano-metal devices and a type of electricity, which at least contain - «, - control through, on the filament. Then 1 = start, control will be Switch on if the filament is added If the filament temperature is pre- _= = _ continue to keep the switch, and at the same time illuminate the lamp f to save the money will solve the gas «财骑nil__魏体«-like electronic ballast, riding broken, sodium metal Lamp, xenon lamp, metal flash or mercury lamp. 1302419 [Embodiment] FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing the operation of the system of the present invention. At the beginning, the filament was preheated and the two ends of the dragon were made. It has been judged that the Lin is (4) up to its preset temperature. If the filament temperature has not reached the preset temperature, continue heating the filament. However, if the filament has reached the preset temperature, then send the ignition tube to both ends, and brighten its glory lamp. Figure 6 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is composed of a plug-inductive stabilizer H 120, a fluorescent tube 13 〇 and a preheat temperature controlled electronic starter 140. . The preheating temperature control type electronic starter 14 is composed of a rectifying device (4), a control device 142, an ignition device 143, a current measuring device 144, and an electric measuring device 145. The rectifying circuit 141 is used for recording an electronic circuit in which an alternating current power source is formed into a direct current for supplying an electronic start H. The control device 142 is a measurement value of the wire reading voltage measuring device 145 and the current measuring device 144 to determine the preheating temperature and ignition timing of the fluorescent lamp. The igniter 143 is a peak-coupled stable || 12() to generate a high electric field across the illuminating lamp 130 to cause an electron charge motion of the coating material on the filament to illuminate the fluorescent tube 130. The electric current measuring device 144 is for measuring the magnitude of the preheating current flowing through the filament during preheating. The voltage measuring device 145 is used to measure the voltage across the filament to infer its filament preheating temperature. The overall circuit operation is as follows: When the fluorescent tube 13 is not illuminated, its physical characteristics can be regarded as an open circuit, and the filament has not yet started to warm up, and its filament temperature can be regarded as room temperature. When AC power is supplied, control unit 142 triggers the ignition to conduct to form a loop that causes current to flow through the filament to begin warming up. At this time, the current measuring device 144 and the voltage measuring device 145 start measuring the magnitude of the preheating current and the voltage across the filament and return it to the control device 142. The control device 142 infers the filament temperature according to the voltage value data across the filament returned by the voltage measuring device 145. If the filament temperature has reached the set filament temperature, the control device 142 triggers the ignition device 143 to turn off the preheating current. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, the inductive ballast 120 is generated at the instant of the fluorescent tube 130 at a point 1302419 Γ Μ The fire voltage Ζ ϋ), the electrons of the coating material on the filament are affected by the electric field applied at both ends, which will generate electron charge motion. The high-speed moving electrons and the gas atoms in the tube collide with each other to release more electrons and ions. When this phenomenon reaches a certain level, the mercury vapor contained in the tube will release ultraviolet rays that are invisible to the naked eye, and the ultraviolet light again excites the fluorescent substance on the tube wall to be converted into visible light, thereby illuminating the tube. The lit fluorescent tube starts to have a negative resistance. At this time, the inductive ballast 12 has both the tube current of the stable fluorescent lamp 130 operating at a certain value to complete the operation of the entire fluorescent lamp. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Figure 7 is a circuit diagram of a system according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the control device 142 is implemented by an 8-bit microcontroller HT46R24 m produced by a group of companies. . The operational amplifier LM124U1C, the Hall current sensing element S1, the resistors R1, R2, the diode D1, and the analog/digital converter inside the microprocessor HT46R24 U2 constitute a current measuring device 144. Operational Amplifiers LM124 U1A and U1B, Resistors r6, R7, R8, R9, R10, RH, r12, Capacitor α, Diode D2, D3, Sense Dipole Z; 1, Z2 and Microprocessor HT46R24 U2 Internal The analog/digital converter forms a voltage measuring device 145. Bridge rectifier D4, resistors r10, R11, capacitor C2, diodes D4, D5, and the Zener diode Z3 constitute a rectifying device 14 resistors R3, R4, R5 'transistor Q1 and an ignition device 143 . The working principle of the overall circuit of the present invention is described as follows: when the switch SW1 is turned on, the AC power is supplied, and the fluorescent tube 130 is not illuminated at this time, its physical characteristics can be regarded as an open circuit, and the filament has not yet started to warm up its filament temperature. Can be considered as room temperature. The microcontroller HT46R24 U2 is powered by AC power and its output pin 0 is low, turning Powe:r MOSFET Q2 on to form a loop that causes the filament to warm up. The preheating current will be sensed by the Hall current sensing component S1. The signal is amplified by the operational amplifier LM124 U1C via the input pin 0 of the analog 7-bit converter of the microcontroller HT46R24 U2, and sent back to the microcontroller HT46R24U2 to record its 1302419 current data. . Here, the preheating current is designed to be constant. The filament starts to warm up due to the preheating current. After the voltage across the filament is sampled by the differential amplifier composed of the operational amplifier LM124U1A, the sampled voltage data will pass through the input pin PB1 of the analog/digital converter of the microcontroller HT46R24U2. Return to the microcontroller HT46R24 U2 to record its data. The micro-control dragon T46R24U2 will return the voltage of the ship, and infer its filament preheating temperature. If the filament temperature has reached the set range, the microcontroller HT46R24 U2 will be in the preheating current phase within a certain range, so that its wheel The output pin 0 is high, so that the p〇wer MOSFET Q2 is loaded. The purpose is to make the ignition voltage a stable high voltage, so that the glory s 130 is quickly turned on. Figure 8 is a diagram showing the voltage waveform, the preheating current waveform and the ignition voltage waveform across the filament when the fluorescent tube 130 is activated in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from Fig. 8, the warm-up time of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is determined by the filament temperature, and the non-commercial electronic starter is determined by the capacitor charging time of the internal circuit of the electronic starter, if the ambient temperature changes ' The pre-scale will change with time, so that the temperature of the filament when the fluorescent tube is ignited must be applied to the surface of the filament at the free temperature of the filament, effectively extending the service life of the fluorescent tube. The ninth aspect of the present invention is a flashlight waveform when the money is lit. It can be seen from Fig. 9 that the preferred embodiment of the present invention has a filament temperature from room temperature to set when the first light is turned on. The preheating time of the job temperature is 18 seconds. In the second start, since the temperature of the lamp has not dropped, the required warm-up time is relatively shortened, and the warm-up time is about 〇·5 seconds. The third start, the cooling time is the same as the second time, about 2 seconds, so the = surface time is almost the same as the warm-up time of the second start. The fourth start, because of the longer cooling time, so the warm-up time of the fourth start is longer than the second and third start, /, 々疋, about 1 second. From the above, it can be seen that the preferred embodiment of the present invention does not set the warm-up time of the filament, and the warm-up time varies with the temperature of the filament, so that there is no problem of insufficient warm-up or excessive warm-up. Moreover, the preferred embodiment of the present invention does not require the _ sensing element to know the temperature of the filament, thereby obtaining the best ship _, effectively solving the traditional glow starter and the commercially available electronic starter, etc. Disadvantages. 1302419 is a block diagram of a system according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention, the purpose of which is to improve the filament warm-up action of the electronic ballast. As shown in FIG. 10, it is composed of an electronic ballast 150, a voltage measuring device 145, a capacitor Cg and a switch SW1. The overall operation is as follows: At the beginning, the control device 151 in the electronic ballast 150 will The switch swi is turned on, the filament is preheated, and then the voltage measuring device 145 transmits the voltage at both ends of the filament to the control device 151' in the electronic ballast 150. The control device 151 according to the voltage amount. Then the voltage across the filament returned by the device 145, infers its filament temperature. If the filament temperature is ^. preset temperature', the control device 151 will trigger its switch SW1 to be turned off, and the voltage of the test voltage of ^•' is stabilized to the voltage value of the lighting, thereby lighting the fluorescent tube.

13 1302419 [Simple description of the drawing] Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a conventional fluorescent tube. Figure 2 is a preheating timer circuit of a conventional electronic starter. Figure 3 is the preheating current, the ignition voltage waveform and the waveform at both ends of the filament when the conventional electronic starter is repeatedly lit (chi is the preheating current waveform / ch2 is the voltage waveform across the lamp / ch3 is the waveform at both ends of the filament) ). Figure 4 shows the high-frequency filter circuit and ignition circuit of the series resonant parallel load (SRPL) electronic ballast. Figure 5 is a flow chart showing the operation of the system of the present invention.

Figure 6 is a block diagram of the system of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 is a circuit diagram of the system of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 8 is a diagram showing the preheating current, the ignition voltage waveform and the waveform at both ends of the lamp when the electronic starter of the present invention is started (chi is a preheating current waveform/ch2 is a voltage waveform across the lamp/ch3 is a waveform at both ends of the filament). Figure 9 is a diagram showing the preheating current, the ignition voltage waveform and the waveform at both ends of the filament when the electronic starter of the present invention is repeatedly lit (chi is a preheating current waveform/ch2 is a voltage waveform across the lamp/ch3 is a waveform at both ends of the filament) ). Figure 10 is a block diagram of a system in accordance with a second preferred embodiment of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 110...plug 120.. Inductive ballast 130...fluorescent lamp tube 140...Electronic starter 141 of the present invention...rectifier 142...control device 143...ignition device 144.. amount of current Measuring device 145 ... voltage measuring device 150 ... electronic ballast 14 1302419 151 ... control device U1 ... operational amplifier U2 ... microprocessor

Rl, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 ... resistors R9, RIO, RU, R12, R13, Rc, Rd ... resistor Rx... thermistors a, C2, C3, Cg, Ch , Cx, α ... capacitor D Bu D2, D3, D4, D5 ... diode Ή ... bridge rectifier

U, Lx... Inductive ballast (electromagnetic ballast) Q1 ... transistor Q2 ··· power MOSFET S1... Hall current sensing element SW1 ... switch Z: l, Z2, Z3... Polar body XI... quartz crystal

15

Claims (1)

1302419 X. Patent application scope: L A method for measuring the preheating temperature of a gas discharge lamp, which comprises at least the following steps: a. Start preheating the filament and measure the voltage across the filament; b· The filament temperature is calculated based on the measured voltage across the filament. For example, the method for measuring the preheating temperature of a gas discharge lamp as described in the first paragraph of the patent-month patent range can be a glory lamp, a nano metal lamp, a xenon lamp, a metal lamp or a mercury lamp. . 3. A method for preheating temperature control of a gas discharge lamp, which comprises at least the following steps: a·-starting the preheating work of the filament thereof, and measuring the voltage across the filament; b) according to the measured filament Calculate the filament temperature at both ends of the voltage; c• judge whether the filament reaches its preset temperature; d· if the filament temperature has reached the preset temperature, illuminate the lamp; e·if the filament temperature has not reached the preset temperature, Then continue to heat the filament, and return to step b 〇 4 · a method for preheating temperature control of a gas discharge lamp as described in item 3 of Shen Qing Patent Fan Park, the gas discharge lamp can be a fluorescent lamp, sodium Metal, xenon, metal or mercury lamps. 5. A device for measuring a preheating temperature of a gas discharge lamp, comprising at least a control device and a voltage measuring device; the control device is configured to read the measured value of the voltage measuring device to calculate Preheating temperature of the gas discharge lamp. ' & as described in the scope of claim 5, the measurement of the preheating temperature of the gas discharge lamp, the gas discharge lamp can be a fluorescent lamp, a sodium metal lamp, a gas lamp, a metal lamp or Mercury lamp. An electronic starter for a gas discharge lamp, comprising a rectifying device, a control device, an ignition device and a voltage measuring device; wherein the rectifying circuit is used for converting the alternating current power source into a direct current power source for supplying electrons The electronic circuit of the starter is used; the control device is used to read the measured value of the voltage measuring device to determine the preheating temperature of the gas discharge lamp; the ignition device is used to match the inductive ballast in the gas A high electric field is generated at both ends of the discharge lamp tube, so that the coating material on the filament generates an electron charge movement, thereby illuminating the gas discharge lamp; the voltage 1302419 is used to measure the voltage value across the filament of the gas discharge lamp. Inferring the filament preheating temperature, the body circuit acts as follows: When the gas discharge lamp has not been illuminated, its physical characteristics can be regarded as an open circuit, and the filament has not yet started to warm up, and its filament temperature can be regarded as room temperature; when AC power is supplied Controlling the garment will trigger the ignition device to conduct a loop to allow current to flow through the filament to begin preheating: at this point, the voltage sensing device begins to measure both ends of the filament The voltage value is transmitted back to the control device, and the voltage value of the two ends of the test wire is returned to the position of the test wire, and the temperature of the filament is inferred; if the temperature has reached the set Lin temperature, the control device will trigger Ignition and installation of the surface current, the ship's electricity __ Gu, so that the money type stability ^ produces an instantaneous ignition voltage, and then illuminate the lamp. & An electronic starter for a gas discharge lamp as described in claim 7, which may also include a current-side device for preheating current of the side fluorescent lamp filament: The value of the setting is lower than the preset reference value of the ignition setting wire, and the filament preheating current continues to flow. When the value of the current_device is greater than the preset value preset by the ignition setting device, the filament preheating current is cut off. 9. An electronic starter for a gas discharge lamp according to claim 7, wherein the gas discharge lamp is a field light, an age light, a slit lamp, a metal flash lamp or a mercury lamp. 10·- The electronic ballast for the petal gas test, which contains at least the -off, - control device and - voltage position; its action is as follows: · Start, control relay will turn the switch on, preheat the filament Then, the voltage measuring device transmits the voltage data at both ends of the filament to the power control device, and the control device calculates the filament temperature according to the voltage across the filament returned by the voltage measuring device: = if the filament temperature does not reach its preset temperature , the switch continues to conduct if the filament is heated; if the filament temperature reaches its preset temperature, the control device will release the cut-off switch and simultaneously illuminate the lamp. <11. An electronic ballast for a gas discharge lamp according to claim 10, which may be a fluorescent lamp, a sodium metal lamp, a xenon lamp, a double metal lamp or a mercury lamp. 17