1302063 玖、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係為一種超寬頻無線系統，尤指一種能產生一高品質 高斯單週脈衝序列以應用於未來高速無線傳輸系統之發明。 【先前技術】 超寬頻無線通訊為近來無線通信領域中，最受大家所注意的 焦點之一。它在行動傳輸上不僅提供高傳輸速率，而且更可應用 在家電產品上，如：影音家庭娛樂、數位電視、個人電腦或是個 人數位助理等，做為其溝通傳遞訊息用並可以和其他既有通信系 統並存，儼然成為無線通訊領域中的新寵兒。然而超寬頻無線通 訊基本都以電子式架構來產生發送的脈衝，但以電子式架構卻不 易產生如此超寬頻的脈衝，而由於光信號為高頻率的信號又有很 寬的頻寬，故光子式架構產生超寬頻的脈衝比電子式架構來的容 易。 就現有的超寬頻系統文獻中，其中McCorkle，John W.;1302063 发明Invention Description: The present invention relates to an ultra-wideband wireless system, and more particularly to an invention capable of generating a high-quality Gaussian single-cycle pulse sequence for use in future high-speed wireless transmission systems. [Prior Art] Ultra-wideband wireless communication is one of the most popular focuses in the field of wireless communication. It not only provides high transmission rate in mobile transmission, but also can be applied to home appliances, such as: audio and video home entertainment, digital TV, personal computer or personal digital assistant, etc. With the coexistence of communication systems, it has become a new darling in the field of wireless communications. However, ultra-wideband wireless communication basically uses an electronic architecture to generate transmitted pulses, but the electronic architecture is not easy to generate such ultra-wideband pulses, and since the optical signal is a high-frequency signal and has a wide bandwidth, the photon is The architecture creates ultra-wideband pulses that are easier than electronic architectures. In the existing ultra-wideband system literature, among them McCorkle, John W.;
Huynh，Phuong Τ· ; Ochoa，Agustin 於 2003 年 4 月所發表美國 專利公開編號 US 20030076136 之 MONOCYCLE GENERATOR 專利中， 藉由電子電路方式來建立超寬頻之高斯單週脈衝無線系統，經由 此專利之提出，證明超寬頻高斯單週脈衝無線系統之商業價值甚 高，極具商業性。 又，Carbonari, David於2005年3月所發表美國專利公開 編號 US 20050047480 之 ULTRA WIDEBAND TRANSMITTER 專利中， 藉由一簡易架構具體實現高斯單週脈衝之超寬頻無線發射器，經 由此專利之提出，證明在設計製作超寬頻發射器是極具潛力的。 5 1302063 再者，Kennedy，Philip Τ·; Melick, Bruce D·; Snyder， David M· ; Baych，Leslie D·;於2005年6月發表之美國專利公Huynh, Phuong Τ· ; Ochoa, Agustin, issued in April 2003, US Patent Publication No. US 20030076136, MONOCYCLE GENERATOR patent, by means of electronic circuit to establish an ultra-wideband Gaussian single-cycle pulse radio system, proposed by this patent It proves that the ultra-wideband Gaussian single-cycle pulse radio system has high commercial value and is very commercial. In addition, in the ULTRA WIDEBAND TRANSMITTER patent of US Patent Publication No. US 20050047480, which was published in March 2005 by Carbonari, David, the ultra-wideband wireless transmitter of Gaussian single-cycle pulse is realized by a simple architecture, which is proved by the patent. Designing and manufacturing ultra-wideband transmitters is extremely promising. 5 1302063 Furthermore, Kennedy, Philip Τ·; Melick, Bruce D·; Snyder, David M· ; Baych, Leslie D·; US Patent Publication, published in June 2005
開編遽 US20050131922 之 HIGH BANDWIDTH DATA TRANSPORT SYSTEM 專利中，發明以超寬頻脈衝在不同媒介上傳輸數據，並可應用於 光纖傳輸、有線電視線傳輸· ··等傳輸方式，經由此專利之提出， 證明超寬頻信號可應用於更多範圍傳輸數據，極具商業性。 在未來的數位化家庭裡，人們可使用電子設備、個人電腦及 無線裝置透過網路分享照片、音樂、影像和聲音，以遍佈整個家 或甚至更遙返的距離。超寬頻糸統被認為是優秀的下一代短距離 、低耗功率和高速傳輸資料之無線室内通訊技術。如ieee 802· 15· 3a標準所示，超寬頻系統明確地被允許在頻率3· 1到 1〇· 6京赫茲（GHz)範圍内操作，並且佔用一個比中心頻率2〇%大的 頻寬，或者一個至少500兆赫茲（MHz)的頻寬。從70年代起，脈 衝無線電技術已經應用於發展軍事通訊系統上，近幾年這些研究 技術已被允許發展為高性能無線系統並逐漸成熟進而商業化。另 外超寬頻系統經美國聯邦通訊委員會（JXC)制訂範圍後更提供已 發展成熟的脈衝無線電於使用。 無載波調變技術對無線電傳輸系統極具吸引力，其可以不使 用複雜化頻率混波器、中頻及濾波器電路，並且降低大量費用， 另外基頻傳輸擁有良好穿透性，因此更加符合室内無線通信系統 。以往脈衝無線通信採用一些複雜的電子電路和射頻元件來產生 脈衝串列信號，如第一、二圖所示，為傳統電脈衝產生架構。 另外，Jeongwoo Han 及 Cam Nguyen 於 2002 年 6 月 IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters 第 12 卷第 206-208 頁的論 文中’提出一電子式架構以一簡易RC高通濾波器作為一微分器來 6 ⑧ 1302063 產生高斯單週脈衝。 又，Youngkyun Jeong， Sungyong Jung, Jin Liu 於 2004 年 5 月 Circuits and Systems，2004，ISCAS ’ 04. Proceedings of the 2004 International Symposium 研討會第 4 卷第 IV- 129-32 頁的論文中，利用台積電0. 18微米（μιη) CMOS製程具體製作出高 斯單週脈衝產生器，此方式具有架構簡單與產生脈衝頻寬較寬之 優點。 【發明内容】 本發明欲解決之技術問題點： 1、 第一、二圖此種傳統電脈衝產生架構所產生之脈衝，具 有高的漣波帶（Ringing)，且高頻電子電路之複雜性高。 2、 前述Jeongwoo Han及Cam Nguyen之論文，此方法雖可 產生需要之信號，但信號頻寬較窄且有較多漣波產生。 3、 前述 Youngkyun Jeong，Sungyong Jung, Jin Liu 論文 所揭示之高斯單週脈衝產生器，此方式雖架構簡單與產生脈衝頻 寬較寬，但其-10分貝（dB)頻寬範圍並未落於規範範圍之内，並 不完全為美國聯邦通訊委員會（FCC)制訂之超寬頻系統。 解決問題之技術特點：本發明係提供一種超寬頻無線系統， 包括有： 可產生高斯光脈衝之中央站（Central Station)，中央站係利 用光元件產生高斯光脈衝信號，主要由低價位增益開關式 Fabry-Perot雷射二極體、可調式濾波器（TF)、摻铒光纖放大器 (EDFA)及 Mach-Zender 光調變器（MZM)所組成，Fabry-Perot 雷射 二極體經由直流偏壓及射頻信號之調整產生高斯光脈衝信號，高 速數位資料經由光調變器乘載於光脈衝上，數位傳輸； 7 (§： 1302063 可產生超寬頻脈衝之基地站（Base station)，基地站係可接 收前述中央站之數位傳輸，而基地站主要由piN受光二極體、一 P白微波微分器及尚通濾波器所組成，經由p IN受光二極體及一階 微波微分器將中央站傳輸出的光脈衝轉換為高斯單週脈衝信號， 再經由高通濾波器產生超寬頻脈衝者。 有利的是，中央站之摻铒光纖放大器（EDFA)，係由一 98〇奈 米（nm)泵浦雷射（pump laser)、摻铒光纖（EDF)和一光隔離器組成 ，在系統裡，該摻餌光纖放大器被使用作Fabry—Per〇t雷射二極 體的一外部注射源和一放大器。 中中央站之可調式濾波器（TF )，係使用作一波長選擇器 〇 其中，中央站係透過Fabry-Perot雷射二極體的外部注射光 源和放大器產生光脈衝串列，並利用piN受光二極體（pD)將光脈 衝串列信號轉換為電脈衝串列信號，經一放大器與一線性微波微 为器’產生超寬頻高斯單週脈衝無線電信號。 其中，該線性微波微分器係可為一階微波微分器，該一階微 波微分器可使短脈波成型為高斯單週脈衝信號。 其中，該一階微波微分器係利用離散時間無限脈衝響應（iir) 形式來設計，選擇系統函數式如下，式子中的p為一單位時間 遲： 曰 G(z) = 0.5659——- 1-0.1319Z'1 ^在疋義離散時間的系統函數之後，再使用傳輸線的轉換函數 ^表示相等的系統函數以求其電路長度，因此利用—傳輸線並聯 一紐路殘段，其中並聯短路殘段轉換函數T(z)如下，其中Zb是並 1302063 聯短路殘段的特性阻抗，而z〇是參考特性阻抗： T(Z)= (T+cM^c)^ C=Z〇/2Zb 一饭设 T(z)等於 G(Z)，便可得到 c = 〇· 767 和 Zb= Zg/1. 534， 二Z〇-50歐姆（ω)，套用公式最後可得Zb=32· 58g歐姆（Ω)，依據 求出阻抗值，利用一 25Ν Arlon電路板其厚度3〇密爾（mil)(〇· 762 笔米）、介電常數心=3· 38設計完成一階微波微分器的實際元件 〇 其中’基地站產生之超寬頻脈衝經由高速傅利葉轉換（FFT) 其功率頻譜密度（PSD)在—51·3毫瓦分貝/兆赫兹（dBm/MHz>f，頻 譜分佈於3·卜10· 6京赫茲（GHz)的範圍。 其中，中央站所產生之高斯光脈衝信號，係經由單模光纖傳 送到基地站。 對照先前技術之功效：我們提出新的光子式架構來產生滿足 美國FCC超寬頻脈衝規範之高斯單週脈衝（Gaussian m〇n〇cycie pulse)，經由實際建立架構並實驗證明所提系統架構能取得一高 M貝脈衝串序列信號’並減少發送機的複雜性。 惟上述之說明係僅為本發明部分特徵之概述，為使貴審查 委員及閱讀本說明書之專業人士，皆能更明白了解本發明之技術 手段，並可依本說明書内容據以實施，故對本發明配合圖示加以 說明，以下所述僅為用以解釋本發明之較佳實施例，並非對本發 明做任何形式上之限制，凡在相同之創作精神下所作有關本發明 之任何修飾或變更，皆應包括在本發明保護之範圍。 【實施方式】 本發明係關於一種超寬頻無線系統，如第三圖所示，該系統 1302063 包括產生高斯光脈衝之中央站（Central Station)及產生超寬頻 脈衝之基地站（Base Station)，中央站（Central Station)利用光 元件產生高斯光脈衝信號，經由單模光纖傳送到基地站（Base Station)，再經由基地站轉變為超寬頻電脈衝信號，其中： 中央站，主要由低價位增益開關式Fabry-Perot雷射二極體 、可調式濾波器、摻铒光纖放大器及Mach-Zenher光調變器（MZM) 等光元件所組成，雷射二極體經由直流偏壓及射頻信號之調整， 可產生我們所需之高斯光脈衝信號；同時，高速數位資料可經由 光調變器乘載於光脈衝上，完成數位傳輸的功能； 基地站，主要由PIN受光二極體、一階微波微分器及高通濾 波器所組成，經由受光二極體及一階微波微分器將光脈衝轉換為 高斯單週脈衝信號，再經由高通濾波器產生符合美國FCC規範之 超寬頻脈衝，此脈衝經由高速傅利葉轉換（FFT)其功率頻譜密度 (PSD)在-51. 3dBm/MHz時，頻譜分佈於3.卜10· 6GHz的範圍。 如第三圖所示，以光為基礎架構超寬頻高斯單週脈衝信號系 統。光之基礎主要利用增益開關式Fabry-Perot雷射二極體 (FP-LD)、可調式濾波器（TF)、摻铒光纖放大器（EDFA)等元件，透 過Fabry-Perot雷射二極體的外部注射光源和放大器方式，產生 光脈衝串列。 摻斜光纖放大器由一 980 nm栗浦雷射（pump laser)、摻铒光 纖（EDF)和一光隔離器組成。 在系統裡，摻铒光纖放大器被使用作Fabry-Perot雷射二極 體的一外部注射源和一放大器，可調式濾波器則使用作一波長選 擇器。外部注射架構可視為從外部注入可調式連續波雷射光源， 當注入波長與一 Fabry-Perot雷射二極體之雷射模波長相符時， 1302063 便能產生單一波長光脈衝信號，這種方式能產生較佳的旁模壓抑 -比（SMSR)。而傳輸末端，利用PIN受光二極體（PD)將光脈衝串列 -信號轉換為電脈衝串列信號，經__放大器與__線性微波微分器， 便可產生超寬頻高斯單週脈衝無線電信號。 在本發明系、统中需設計一微分器來產生高斯單週脈衝信號以 實現超寬頻無線系統。參考以往研究論文結果得知高斯單週脈衝 信號可提供更寬的3分貝⑽頻寬，更好的位元誤碼率（職）和多 重路徑性能。因此使用一階微波微分器使短脈波成型為高斯單週 脈衝信號。製作上的設計重點集中於寬頻線性率及電路簡單性， 因此利用微帶線來製作—階微波微分器。多數離散時間信號處理 (DSP)技術研究中對微分器有詳盡應用及分析，一次微分於數學杈 普拉斯轉換中，為一信號的時間衍生物可用一複合頻率變數s來 表=，即s = jco (ω為信號的角頻率）。而微分器可視為一高通濾 波器’當信號頻率增加時，其系統函數振幅以線性增加，便能視 為微分。現今已有幾種方法可發展設計出微波微分器，而本發明 春巾採用離散時間無限脈衝響應（IIR)形式來設計一階微分器，選 系統函數如下： 、 G(z) = 0.5659—二^__ 1 一 0·1319ζ—1 (1) 在第（1)式中Z-1為-單位時間延遲。在定義離散時間的系統 函數之後’我們必須使用傳輸線的轉換函數來表示相等的系統函 =以求其電路長度’因此利用—傳輸線並聯—短路殘段來表示如 第四圖中所示，其中並聯短路殘段轉換函數仪2)如公式（2): c=Z〇/2Zb 11 (2) 1302063 第（2)式中Zb是並聯短路殘段的特性阻抗而z。是參考特性阻 抗0 一假设 T(z)等於 G(z)，便可得到 c = 〇· 767 和 Zb= Zq/1· 534， 畐Z〇-50歐姆（ω)，套用公式最後可得Zb=32· 589歐姆（Ω)，依據 求出阻抗值，利用一 25Ν Arlon電路板其厚度30密爾（mil) (〇· 762 笔米）、介電常數心=3· 38設計完成一階微波微分器的實際元件 如第五圖。 經量測結果比對模擬一階微分器的傳輸係數&1(ί)，頻率從 dc到7 GHz對應大小響應如第六圖。 從量測結果可看出，量測值S2i(f)與理論值有趨近相符，且 隨頻率增加時大小響應成線性增加，因此確實製作完成一被動元 件微波微分器。 依據本發明建立之實驗架構如第三圖，進行產生高斯單週脈 衝信號實驗。首先使用增益開關式Fabry-Perot雷射二極體來產 生光脈衝信號，Fabry-Perot雷射二極體（Appointech Inc·)為一 25°C閥止電流18毫安（mA)、模距0.8奈米（nm)之波長1550奈米 (nm)元件。藉由一 Bias-Tee將射頻弦波信號載入Fabry-Perot雷 射二極體並調整至增益開關運作。當射頻弦波信號4 GHz、振幅 -2 dBm時，Fabry-Perot雷射二極體在16 mA有增益開關現象， 第七圖（a)顯示增益開關Fabry-Perot雷射二極體的頻譜圖。另外 摻铒光纖放大器被使用作Fabry-Perot雷射二極體的一外部注射 源和一放大器，因此Fabry-Perot雷射二極體之雷射場模可被摻 铒光纖放大器的返回放大自發性激發效應（ASE)鎖模，結果如第七 圖（b)，當980奈米（nm)泵浦功率（pump power)為45毫瓦（mW)時 ，旁模壓抑比（SMSR)大約為37分貝（dB)。Fabry-Perot雷射二極 ⑧ 1302063 體經過可調式遽波n(TB45()(WDS Uniphase Inc )後所產生的頻 譜圖如第七圖⑹，雷射作用波長為1556·24 nm，根據實驗結果 顯示，當放大自發性激發效應注射功率增加時，旁模壓抑比也能 有效地增加。 為了實現高斯單週脈衝信號，在光被收到的末端上利用piN 受光二極體將光脈衝信號轉變為電脈衝信號，並經過微波微分器 而產生高斯單週脈衝信號，實驗結果如第八圖為4 GHz的電脈衝 波形及透過微分器產生高斯單週脈衝信號，並經piN受光二極體 後，電脈衝信號的振幅為200 mV (―丨dBm)，經微波微分器產生 的脈衝信號振幅為72.5 mV (-9·78 dBm)，因設計的微波微分器 為一被動元件，因此實驗結果得知4 GHz訊號在經過微波微分器 後衰減約8. 78 dB及延遲時間〇· 33 ns。再利用寬頻示波器 (Agilent 86100)擷取高斯單週脈衝實際信號數據，經Matlab軟 體計算快速傅利葉轉換（FFT)後，其中脈衝信號之功率譜密度 (PSD)如第九圖實線所示，可看出訊號經過一階微波微分器後之中 心頻率約為4.9 GHz，而-51.3毫瓦分貝/兆赫茲（dBm/MHz)點之頻 寬約從1 · 08 GHz到10· 5 GHz，從以上量測結果發現低頻頻帶部 分未能符合FCC規範。因此，我們設計一五階Butterw〇rth高通 濾波器（HPF)，-3dB頻寬為3· 8 GHz，放置於微分器之後。經再 次測試及FFT分析後如第九圖虛線所示，其頻譜恰好落於 3· 1-10.6GHz頻帶内符合FCC規範。 最後為確認發明系統於傳送數據的可行性，於傳送末端，高 斯單週脈衝信號需要一放大器放大功率，使其發射功率合乎IEEE 802· 15· 3a標準限制，而載送數據也需超過5〇〇兆位元/秒 (Mbit/s)。因此輸入4 GHz無線電信號於信號產生器（paUern 13 1302063In the HIGH BANDWIDTH DATA TRANSPORT SYSTEM patent of US20050131922, the invention transmits data by means of ultra-wideband pulses on different media, and can be applied to transmission modes such as optical fiber transmission and cable television transmission, and is proposed by this patent. Ultra-wideband signals can be used to transmit data in a wider range and are very commercial. In the digital home of the future, people can share photos, music, images and sound over the Internet using electronic devices, PCs and wireless devices to spread the entire home or even more. Ultra-wideband systems are considered to be excellent next-generation short-range, low-power, and high-speed wireless communication technologies. As shown by the ieee 802·15·3a standard, the ultra-wideband system is explicitly allowed to operate in the frequency range of 3-1 to 6 GHz and occupies a bandwidth greater than 2% of the center frequency. , or a bandwidth of at least 500 megahertz (MHz). Since the 1970s, pulse radio technology has been applied to the development of military communication systems. In recent years, these research technologies have been allowed to develop into high-performance wireless systems and mature and commercialized. In addition, the ultra-wideband system has been developed by the Federal Communications Commission (JXC) to provide a mature pulse radio. Carrierless modulation technology is very attractive for radio transmission systems. It can eliminate complicated frequency mixers, intermediate frequency and filter circuits, and reduce the cost. In addition, the fundamental frequency transmission has good penetration, so it is more suitable. Indoor wireless communication system. In the past, pulsed wireless communication used some complicated electronic circuits and RF components to generate pulse train signals. As shown in the first and second figures, it is a traditional electrical pulse generation architecture. In addition, Jeongwoo Han and Cam Nguyen, in the paper of IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, Vol. 12, pp. 206-208, June 2002, proposed an electronic architecture with a simple RC high-pass filter as a differentiator. 6 8 1302063 A Gaussian single-cycle pulse is generated. Also, Youngkyun Jeong, Sungyong Jung, Jin Liu, in the paper of Circuits and Systems, 2004, ISCAS '04. Proceedings of the 2004 International Symposium Seminar, Vol. 4, pp. IV-129-32, using TSMC The 18 micron (μιη) CMOS process specifically produces a Gaussian single-cycle pulse generator, which has the advantages of simple architecture and wide pulse width. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is as follows: 1. The pulse generated by the conventional electric pulse generating architecture of the first and second figures has high chopping band and the complexity of the high frequency electronic circuit. high. 2. The aforementioned papers by Jeongwoo Han and Cam Nguyen, although this method can generate the required signals, but the signal bandwidth is narrower and there are more chopping. 3. The Gaussian single-cycle pulse generator disclosed in the aforementioned Youngkyun Jeong, Sungyong Jung, Jin Liu paper. Although the structure is simple and the pulse width is wide, the -10 dB (dB) bandwidth range does not fall. Within the scope of the specification, it is not entirely an ultra-wideband system developed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Technical Problem for Solving the Problem: The present invention provides an ultra-wideband wireless system, comprising: a central station capable of generating a Gaussian light pulse, and the central station generates a Gaussian optical pulse signal by using an optical component, mainly by a low-cost gain. Switched Fabry-Perot laser diode, tunable filter (TF), erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and Mach-Zender optical modulator (MZM), Fabry-Perot laser diode via DC The adjustment of the bias voltage and the RF signal generates a Gaussian optical pulse signal, and the high-speed digital data is carried on the optical pulse via the optical modulator, and the digital transmission is performed; 7 (§: 1302063 Base station, which can generate an ultra-wideband pulse, base The station system can receive the digital transmission of the central station, and the base station is mainly composed of a piN light-receiving diode, a P-white microwave differentiator and a Shangtong filter, and will be via a p IN light-receiving diode and a first-order microwave differentiator. The optical pulse transmitted by the central station is converted into a Gaussian single-cycle pulse signal, and then an ultra-wideband pulse is generated by a high-pass filter. Advantageously, the central station erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) It consists of a 98 〇 nanometer (nm) pump laser, an erbium doped fiber (EDF) and an optical isolator. In the system, the erbium fiber amplifier is used as Fabry-Per〇t. An external injection source of the laser diode and an amplifier. The central station's tunable filter (TF) is used as a wavelength selector, wherein the central station is transmitted through the outside of the Fabry-Perot laser diode. The injection source and the amplifier generate an optical pulse train, and convert the optical pulse serial signal into an electrical pulse serial signal by using a piN light-receiving diode (pD), and generate an ultra-wideband Gaussian single via an amplifier and a linear microwave micro-[ The pulsed radio signal, wherein the linear microwave differentiator can be a first-order microwave differentiator, the first-order microwave differentiator can form a short pulse into a Gaussian single-cycle pulse signal, wherein the first-order microwave differentiator utilizes The discrete-time infinite impulse response (iir) form is designed. The system function is chosen as follows. The p in the equation is one unit time delay: 曰G(z) = 0.5659——- 1-0.1319Z'1 ^ in the case of discrete After the system function of time, Then use the transfer function of the transmission line ^ to represent the equal system function to find the circuit length, so use the - transmission line in parallel with a new line stub, where the parallel short-circuit residual transfer function T(z) is as follows, where Zb is the sum of 1302063 short-circuit residual The characteristic impedance of the segment, and z〇 is the reference characteristic impedance: T(Z)=(T+cM^c)^ C=Z〇/2Zb A meal setting T(z) is equal to G(Z), then c = 〇· 767 and Zb= Zg/1. 534, two Z〇-50 ohms (ω), the formula can be finally obtained Zb=32·58g ohms (Ω), according to the impedance value, using a 25Ν Arlon circuit board Thickness 3 mil (〇· 762 pens), dielectric constant heart = 3.38 Designed to complete the actual components of the first-order microwave differentiator 〇 where 'the ultra-wideband pulse generated by the base station is passed through the fast Fourier transform (FFT) The power spectral density (PSD) is in the range of -51·3 mW/megahertz (dBm/MHz>f, and the spectrum is distributed in the range of 3·10·6 Hz. Among them, the Gaussian optical pulse signal generated by the central station is transmitted to the base station via a single-mode optical fiber. In contrast to the efficacy of the prior art: we propose a new photonic architecture to generate a Gaussian m〇n〇cycie pulse that meets the FCC ultra-wideband pulse specification in the United States, through the actual establishment of the architecture and experimentally proved that the proposed system architecture can be achieved. A high M-beat burst sequence signal 'and reduces the complexity of the transmitter. However, the above description is only an overview of some of the features of the present invention, and the technical means of the present invention can be more clearly understood by the reviewing committee and the professionals who read the present specification, and can be implemented according to the contents of the present specification. The invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are merely to illustrate the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. All should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. [Embodiment] The present invention relates to an ultra-wideband wireless system. As shown in the third figure, the system 1302063 includes a central station that generates Gaussian light pulses and a base station that generates ultra-wideband pulses. The central station uses the optical component to generate a Gaussian optical pulse signal, which is transmitted to the base station via a single-mode optical fiber, and then converted into an ultra-wideband electrical pulse signal via the base station, wherein: the central station is mainly composed of a low-cost gain. Switched Fabry-Perot laser diode, tunable filter, erbium-doped fiber amplifier and Mach-Zenher optical modulator (MZM) and other optical components, the laser diode through DC bias and RF signal Adjustment, can produce the Gaussian optical pulse signal we need; at the same time, the high-speed digital data can be carried on the optical pulse via the optical modulator to complete the function of digital transmission; the base station is mainly composed of PIN light-receiving diode, first-order The microwave differentiator and the high-pass filter are configured to convert the optical pulse into a Gaussian single-cycle pulse signal via the light receiving diode and the first-order microwave differentiator, and then Pass filter to produce ultra-wideband pulse comply with FCC regulations of the United States, this pulse through a high-speed Fourier transform (FFT) its power spectral density (PSD) at the time of -51. 3dBm / MHz, spectrum distribution in the range of 3 BU 10 · 6GHz. As shown in the third figure, an ultra-wideband Gaussian single-cycle pulse signal system based on light. The foundation of light mainly utilizes Gabon-switched Fabry-Perot laser diode (FP-LD), tunable filter (TF), erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and other components through the Fabry-Perot laser diode. An external injection source and amplifier mode produces an optical pulse train. The slanted fiber amplifier consists of a 980 nm pump laser, an erbium-doped fiber (EDF), and an optical isolator. In the system, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier is used as an external injection source for the Fabry-Perot laser diode and an amplifier, and a tunable filter is used as a wavelength selector. The external injection architecture can be thought of as injecting an adjustable continuous-wave laser source from the outside. When the injection wavelength matches the laser mode wavelength of a Fabry-Perot laser diode, the 1302063 can generate a single-wavelength optical pulse signal. Can produce a better side mode suppression-ratio (SMSR). At the end of the transmission, the PON light-receiving diode (PD) is used to convert the optical pulse train-signal into an electrical pulse train signal, and the ultra-wideband Gaussian single-cycle pulse radio can be generated by the __ amplifier and the __ linear microwave differentiator. signal. In the system of the present invention, a differentiator is designed to generate a Gaussian single-cycle pulse signal to implement an ultra-wideband wireless system. Referring to the results of previous research papers, Gaussian single-cycle pulse signals can provide a wider 3 dB (10) bandwidth, better bit error rate (job) and multiple path performance. Therefore, a first-order microwave differentiator is used to shape the short pulse into a Gaussian single-cycle pulse signal. The design focus on the production focuses on the broadband linearity and the simplicity of the circuit, so the microstrip line is used to make the-order microwave differentiator. Most of the discrete-time signal processing (DSP) technology research has a detailed application and analysis of the differentiator, one-time differential in the mathematical 杈Pras transform, the time derivative of a signal can be expressed by a composite frequency variable s =, ie s = jco (ω is the angular frequency of the signal). The differentiator can be regarded as a high-pass filter. When the signal frequency increases, the amplitude of the system function increases linearly and can be regarded as differential. Several methods have been developed to design microwave differentiators. The spring towel of the present invention uses a discrete-time infinite impulse response (IIR) form to design a first-order differentiator. The system function is as follows: , G(z) = 0.5659—two ^__ 1 - 0·1319 ζ -1 (1) In the formula (1), Z-1 is - unit time delay. After defining the discrete time system function, 'we must use the transfer function of the transmission line to represent the equal system function = to find the circuit length'. Therefore, the transmission line is connected in parallel—the shorted stub is represented as shown in the fourth figure, where parallel Short-circuit stub conversion function meter 2) as in formula (2): c=Z〇/2Zb 11 (2) 1302063 In equation (2), Zb is the characteristic impedance of the parallel short-circuit stub and z. Is the reference characteristic impedance 0. Assuming that T(z) is equal to G(z), we can get c = 〇· 767 and Zb= Zq/1· 534, 畐Z〇-50 ohms (ω), and the formula can be used to obtain Zb. =32· 589 ohms (Ω), based on the impedance value, using a 25 Ν Arlon board with a thickness of 30 mils (〇· 762 pens) and a dielectric constant heart = 3.38 to complete the first-order microwave The actual components of the differentiator are as shown in the fifth figure. The measured result is compared with the transmission coefficient &1(ί) of the analog first-order differentiator, and the frequency response from dc to 7 GHz corresponds to the sixth figure. It can be seen from the measurement results that the measured value S2i(f) is close to the theoretical value, and the magnitude response increases linearly with increasing frequency, so a passive component microwave differentiator is indeed fabricated. The experimental framework established in accordance with the present invention, as shown in the third figure, was subjected to a Gaussian single-cycle pulse signal experiment. The gain-switched Fabry-Perot laser diode is first used to generate the optical pulse signal. The Fabry-Perot laser diode (Appointech Inc.) is a 25 °C valve with a current of 18 mA and a modulus of 0.8. Nanometer (nm) wavelength of 1550 nanometer (nm) components. The RF sine wave signal is loaded into the Fabry-Perot laser diode by a Bias-Tee and adjusted to the gain switch operation. When the RF sine wave signal is 4 GHz and the amplitude is -2 dBm, the Fabry-Perot laser diode has a gain switching phenomenon at 16 mA. The seventh diagram (a) shows the spectrum of the gain switch Fabry-Perot laser diode. . In addition, the erbium-doped fiber amplifier is used as an external injection source and an amplifier for the Fabry-Perot laser diode, so the laser field mode of the Fabry-Perot laser diode can be excited by the return amplification of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier. Effect (ASE) mode-locking, the result is shown in Figure 7 (b), when the 980 nm (pump) pump power is 45 mW (mW), the side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) is about 37 decibels. (dB). Fabry-Perot laser diode 13 1302063 The spectrum produced by the adjustable chopping n (TB45() (WDS Uniphase Inc) is shown in Figure 7 (6). The laser wavelength is 1556·24 nm, according to the experimental results. It is shown that when the injection power of the amplified spontaneous excitation effect increases, the side mode suppression ratio can also be effectively increased. In order to realize the Gaussian single-cycle pulse signal, the light pulse signal is converted by the piN light-receiving diode at the end of the light received. It is an electric pulse signal and generates a Gaussian single-cycle pulse signal through a microwave differentiator. The experimental result is as shown in the eighth figure, the 4 GHz electric pulse waveform and the Gaussian single-cycle pulse signal generated by the differentiator, and after the piN receiving diode. The amplitude of the electrical pulse signal is 200 mV (―丨dBm), and the amplitude of the pulse signal generated by the microwave differentiator is 72.5 mV (-9·78 dBm). Because the designed microwave differentiator is a passive component, the experimental result is It is known that the 4 GHz signal is attenuated by about 8.78 dB and delay time 〇· 33 ns after passing through the microwave differentiator. Then the wide-frequency oscilloscope (Agilent 86100) is used to capture the actual signal data of the Gaussian single-cycle pulse, and the Matlab software is used. After calculating the fast Fourier transform (FFT), the power spectral density (PSD) of the pulse signal is shown by the solid line in the ninth figure. It can be seen that the center frequency of the signal after passing through the first-order microwave differentiator is about 4.9 GHz, and -51.3 The milliwatts of decibels per megahertz (dBm/MHz) has a bandwidth of about 1 · 08 GHz to 10. 5 GHz. From the above measurements, it is found that the low frequency band part fails to comply with the FCC specification. Therefore, we design a fifth-order Butterw 〇rth high-pass filter (HPF), -3dB bandwidth is 3.8 GHz, placed after the differentiator. After retesting and FFT analysis, as shown by the dotted line in the ninth figure, the spectrum falls exactly at 3.1-10.6. In the GHz band, it complies with the FCC specification. Finally, in order to confirm the feasibility of the invention system in transmitting data, at the end of the transmission, the Gaussian single-cycle pulse signal needs an amplifier to amplify the power so that its transmission power meets the IEEE 802·15·3a standard limit. The data is also sent in excess of 5 megabits per second (Mbit/s), so a 4 GHz radio signal is input to the signal generator (paUern 13 1302063)
Generat〇r)輸出數據，經光學調變驅動器（H301，JDS Uniphase .Co.)載入 Mach-Zender 調變器（MZM，OC-192-modulator，JDS -Uniphase Co.)而載上系統，並利用一極化控制器（PC)和偏置電壓 (Vblas)调整以得到更佳光脈衝信號。當偏置電壓為3.8伏（V)時， 可減少高斯單週脈衝漣漪而獲得更平於直流準位和高功率脈衝信 號，也易於分辨脈衝信號串列所代表“〇”與“丨，，符號。系統使用開 關鍵（οοκ)調變方式並以每8個脈衝訊號代表i位元（bit)，來表 :傳送500兆位元/秒⑽it/s)調變數據載入調變 器於傳送末端，經由放大器放大輸出功率至符合FCC規定之最 大有效等向輻射功率⑽P)為—41 3毫瓦分貝⑽m)再經理想天 線輸出，之後取得實際系統輸出開關鍵調變數據，利用Matiab模 .擬經單-附加的白色高㈣訊通道，並解調㈣完成接受端接受 情況。關於解調數射法使肖相關接受諸分㈣能量，並且經 過振幅檢測器檢測其振幅大小，並判斷信號代表“〇”與“丨，，符號， 進而還原傳送數據，第十圖為模擬經過通道後所得到—位元誤°碼 φ率（膽)對位元訊息雜訊比（_。)之曲線圖，由第八圖得知當位元 誤碼率為1〇_6則位元訊息雜訊比達到22.5 dB，因此證明發明系 統此使用產生超寬頻高斯單週脈衝信號及以開關鍵調變方式傳送 ’為一良好超寬頻無線系統。 土以上實驗證明本發明系統為一新穎可行之簡易架構，能產 生一高品質超寬頻脈衝串序列信號並符於規範，確有其商業價值 。未來當光纖到家實現後，將提供高傳輸速率使得網路應用範圍 更廣，若以此架構為基礎，於用戶端裝設超寬頻無線發射接收器 :便能達到最大範圍傳送接收的能力，這樣的一個光纖無線網路 架構於未來確是-純值得被期待的㈣，且本發明並未見於任 ⑧ 14 1302063 何刊物上’故完全符合發明專利之法定要件，妥依法提出申請專 利’懇請 鈞局賜准本發明專利。 ^【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖係習用電子式超寬頻脈衝發射機之方塊圖。 第二圖係習用超寬頻脈衝產生方塊圖。 第二圖係本發明之超寬頻高斯單週脈衝信號系統架構示意圖。 •第四圖係本發明之並聯短路殘段示意圖。 第五圖係本發明之微分器實際完成元件示意圖。 第/、圖係本發明微分|| S21⑴的理論與實驗量測之大小響應示意 圖。 第七圖係本發明之射頻信號4 GHz載入FabrT-Perot雷射二極體 中所量測不同點之光譜，用來表示A點於⑷；B點於⑻；c點於（c) 〇 S八圖係本發明之取樣示波器量測不同點之脈衝，用來表示D點於 _ (d) ; E 點於（e)。 第九圖係本發明之南斯單週脈衝之正規化功率頻譜密度微分器示 意圖。 * 第十圖係本發明500 Mbit/s之開關鍵調變數據於第一圖F點所模 擬ΛΙ付位兀誤碼率（BER)、對位元訊息雜訊比示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 益 15 (S)Generat〇r) output data, loaded into the system via an optical modulation driver (H301, JDS Uniphase.Co.) loaded into the Mach-Zender modulator (MZM, OC-192-modulator, JDS-Uniphase Co.) A polarization controller (PC) and bias voltage (Vblas) are used to obtain a better optical pulse signal. When the bias voltage is 3.8 volts (V), the Gaussian single-cycle pulse 减少 can be reduced to obtain a signal level that is more flat than the DC level and high power, and it is also easy to distinguish the "〇" and "丨," Symbol. The system uses the open key (οοκ) modulation method and represents i bits per 8 pulse signals to represent: transmit 500 megabits per second (10)it/s) modulation data loading modulator At the end of the transmission, the output power is amplified by the amplifier to the maximum effective isotropic radiated power (10)P) according to the FCC, which is -41 3 mW (10) m) and then output through the ideal antenna, and then the actual system output key modulation data is obtained, using the Matiab mode. It is intended to pass the single-additional white high (four) channel, and demodulate (4) to complete the acceptance of the receiver. The demodulation method makes the Xiao correlation accept the energy (4), and the amplitude detector detects the amplitude and judges The signal represents “〇” and “丨,, symbol, and then the transmission data is restored. The tenth figure is obtained after the simulation passes through the channel—bit error code φ rate (biliary) bit information noise ratio (_.) Curve, by the eighth It is known that when the bit error rate is 1〇_6, the bit message noise ratio reaches 22.5 dB, which proves that the invention system uses this to generate an ultra-wideband Gaussian single-cycle pulse signal and transmits it in a key-switching mode. Ultra-wideband wireless system. The above experiments prove that the system of the present invention is a novel and feasible simple structure, which can generate a high-quality ultra-wideband pulse train sequence signal and conform to the specification, and has its commercial value. In the future, when the fiber is delivered to the home, it will provide a high transmission rate to make the network application wider. If this architecture is based, the ultra-wideband wireless transmitter receiver will be installed at the user end: the ability to transmit and receive in the maximum range can be achieved. A fiber-optic wireless network architecture is indeed worthy of being expected in the future (4), and the present invention has not been found in any of the publications of the 8 14 1302063, so it is in full compliance with the statutory requirements of the invention patent, and the patent application is filed in accordance with the law. The Bureau granted the patent for this invention. ^ [Simple description of the diagram] The first diagram is a block diagram of a conventional electronic ultra-wideband pulse transmitter. The second figure is a block diagram of the conventional ultra-wideband pulse generation. The second figure is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the ultra-wideband Gaussian single-cycle pulse signal system of the present invention. • The fourth figure is a schematic diagram of the parallel short-circuit stub of the present invention. The fifth figure is a schematic diagram of the actual completed components of the differentiator of the present invention. Fig. / Fig. is a schematic diagram of the magnitude response of the theoretical and experimental measurements of the differential || S21(1). Figure 7 is a spectrum of the different points measured by the RF signal 4 GHz loaded into the FabrT-Perot laser diode of the present invention, which is used to indicate that point A is at (4); point B is at (8); and point c is at (c) 〇 S8 is a sampling oscilloscope of the present invention that measures pulses of different points and is used to indicate that D points are at _ (d); E points at (e). The ninth diagram is a schematic representation of a normalized power spectral density differentiator of a Nantes single-cycle pulse of the present invention. * The tenth figure is a schematic diagram of the error rate (BER) and the bit-to-bit information noise ratio of the 500 Mbit/s open key modulation data of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] Benefit 15 (S)