TWI299810B - Liquid crystal display device and defect repairing method for the same - Google Patents

Description

1299810 A7 "" ------------- - V. INSTRUCTION DESCRIPTION (1, '"~" BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device and a defect repairing method thereof. The liquid crystal display device has been practically used in the A device and the Av device due to its ingenuity, small size, light weight, low power consumption, etc., in particular, an active matrix liquid crystal including a knife-changing component (active device) in each pixel. The display device can generate a detailed dynamic display, and thus is used as a display of various devices. In an active matrix liquid crystal display device, the pixel is composed of a matrix type pixel electrode, an opposite electrode standing opposite to the pixel electrode, and a device The liquid crystal layer is composed therebetween. Each of the plurality of pixels controls the display state according to a power signal supplied through the switching element. In an active matrix liquid crystal display device, the short circuit may be due to conductive debris mixed in the liquid crystal layer. Occurs between the pixel electrode and the opposite electrode or the like. If a short circuit occurs in the pixel electrode, a normal voltage cannot be applied to one pixel, which causes A display defect which is required to be displayed. A method for repairing a defect is disclosed in the method of repairing a display defect, and a photoresist comprising a fog pigment is applied to the method of repairing a defect. On the surface of a glass substrate, and a masking film is formed by exposing and curing only a part of the photoresist on the pixel suffering from display defects, so as to change a bright defect to become a dark spot (special and dark) Defects] 'Dark defects are more difficult to identify than bright defects, and thus only slightly affect the display quality. However, the inventors have found that a display defect cannot be effectively solved by the defect repair method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. Hei No. 4-178822. The repair method of the defect in the patent application No. 4_178622 of this patent application is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210X 297 mm) -------- l2998l〇

A masking film is applied to help the entire pixel of the entire defect to be unhelpful, and the entire pixel system pixel suffering from the bright defect is changed to a dark spot, thus having a display. The second issue is considered to be the above-mentioned conventional problem, which is aimed at the heart fluid: "no device" which can repair a display defect without sacrificing the entire pixel of the defect, and providing the liquid crystal The defect repair method in the Λ This purpose is achieved by the method of repairing the first trap described in the text. And the second liquid crystal display device and the first liquid crystal display device lacking the invention comprise a first substrate; a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer, disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; and a plurality of pixel regions for Generating a display; and in each of the plurality of pixel regions, a pixel electrode is provided on one surface of the first substrate facing the liquid crystal layer, and a switching element is electrically connected to the pixel electrode, and the pixel electrode includes a plurality of sub-pixel electrodes And the plurality of contact portions are electrically connected to at least a portion of the sub-pixel electrodes, and at least one of the plurality of sub-pixel electrodes is electrically connected to the switching element through a plurality of connection paths. In order to achieve the above objectives. The first liquid crystal display device preferably further includes an opposite electrode provided on the second substrate, wherein the phase is opposite to the pixel electrode, and the liquid crystal layer is sandwiched therebetween, and the pixel electrode is preferably composed of a plurality of pixels a pixel electrode and a plurality of contact portions, and a plurality of openings, and in each of the plurality of pixel regions, the liquid crystal layer is formed in a plurality of liquid crystal regions, and when a voltage is applied between the pixel electrode and the opposite electrode, each In the field of liquid crystal, the pixel electrode is -6-. The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210X297 mm). 1299810 A7 B7 V. Invention description (3) One ^- number of apertures The generated oblique electric field is oriented in a radial direction corresponding to the plurality of openings and the solid portion, so that the orientation state of the plurality of liquid crystal fields can be changed depending on the applied voltage, thereby generating a display. At least a portion of the plurality of openings preferably have substantially the same shape and the same size, and form at least one unit lattice and have rotational symmetry. At least a portion of the plurality of openings is preferably in a rotationally symmetrical shape. Preferably, at least a portion of the plurality of apertures are each circular. The regions of the solid portion surrounded by at least a portion of the plurality of apertures may be substantially circular. Preferably, in each of the plurality of pixel regions, the total area of the plurality of openings of the pixel electrode is smaller than the area of the solid portion of the pixel electrode. Preferably, the liquid crystal display device comprises a protrusion in each of the plurality of openings, and the shape of the protrusion taken along the plane of the substrate is preferably the same as the shape of the corresponding opening, and one side of the protrusion has The orientation adjustment force is such that the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer are oriented in the same direction as the tilting electric field. In the first defect repairing method for a liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate; a second substrate is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate;

At least one of the sub-pixel electrodes passes through a plurality of connection paths # to electrically connect to the switching elements, and the defect repair method includes the following steps: in the plural: in the plural

1299810=A's A specifies that a sub-pixel that is short-circuited among a plurality of sub-pixel electrodes in a pixel region having a display defect is electrically connected to a 2-touch 4 of a specified sub-pixel electrode in the complex contact portion, The above purpose is achieved by electrically disconnecting the designated sub-pixel electrode to the switching element, and supporting the electrical connection between the plurality of sub-pixel electrodes and at least the switching element. The second liquid crystal display device of the present invention comprises: a first substrate; a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a plurality of pixel regions for generating-displaying; In each of the plurality of pixel regions, a pixel electrode is provided on one surface of the first substrate facing the liquid crystal layer, and a switching element is electrically connected to the pixel electrode, and the pixel electrode includes a plurality of sub-pixel electrodes electrically connected in parallel Switch components. In order to achieve the above objectives. In the second defect repairing method for a liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate; a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer, between the first substrate and the second substrate; a pixel region for generating a display, and in each of the plurality of pixel regions, a pixel electrode is provided on one side of the first substrate facing the liquid helium layer and a switching element is electrically connected to the pixel electrode 'pixel The electrode includes a plurality of sub-pixel electrodes, electrically parallel=switching, and the defect repairing method comprises the steps of: designating a pixel region having a display defect among the plurality of pixel regions, and a plurality of sub-pixel electrodes from the designated pixel region Designating a sub-pixel electrode that is short-circuited; and electrically disconnecting the designated sub-pixel electrode from the switching element, and maintaining the electrical connection between the plurality of sub-pixel electrodes instead of the designated sub-pixel electrode and the switching element. In order to achieve the above objectives. 1299810 V. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (5) The function of the present invention is as follows: In the first liquid crystal display device of the present invention, φ ^ . In the case of the device, at least one of the plurality of sub-pixel electrodes passes through a plurality of connection paths to facilitate electricity The emulsion is connected to the switching element. Here, the connection path of the electrical connection sub-pixel electrode to the switching element includes any of the other sub-pixel electrodes and the contact portion. According to this, if the defect occurs in the connection of the sub-pixel electrode to the switching element, the connection to the sub-pixel electrode included in the sub-pixel electrode is fine-circuited by the cutting-contact portion. The defective sub-pixel electrode can be electrically disconnected from the switching element 'and maintains an electrical connection between the existing sub-pixel electrode and the switching element. Therefore, an electric product can be applied to an existing sub-pixel electrode by a switching element in a normal state, thereby achieving sufficient display quality. Similarly, in a preferred embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the pixel electrode is composed of - a plurality of sub-pixel electrodes and a substantial portion of the plurality of contact portions (ie, a pixel electrode region at the opening where the conductive film is located), and a plurality of The opening (ie, the pixel electrode region where the non-conductive film is located) constitutes a 'solid portion, which is usually made of a continuous conductive film. When no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal layer is in a vertically oriented state, and a plurality of liquid crystal fields in a radially inclined state can be formed at the time of voltage application due to an oblique electric field generated at the edge of the opening of the electrode. Typically, the liquid helium layer is made of a liquid crystal material having a negative dielectric anisotropy and its orientation is controlled by sandwiching a vertical alignment layer of the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal fields generated by the tilting electric % are respectively disposed in the regions corresponding to the openings and the solid portions of the electrodes, and a display is generated by changing the orientation state of the liquid helium field according to the voltage application. Since each liquid crystal field is axially symmetrical, the viewing quality dependence of display quality is lowered to obtain a wide paper size. f 鲜 鲜 ( (CNS) -9 1299810 A7 B7 V. Invention Description (1 ~^ ------ Wide viewing angle characteristics. Since the liquid crystal field corresponding to the opening and the liquid crystal field corresponding to the solid part are formed due to the oblique electric field generated at the edge of the opening, the liquid and liquid fields are Adjacent and interlaced, and the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the adjacent liquid crystal field is continuous. Accordingly, no oblique line is formed between the liquid crystal field corresponding to the opening and the liquid crystal field corresponding to the solid portion. , 颂 No. The mouth can be prevented from being lowered by the oblique line, and the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is extremely stable. In this liquid a 曰 display device, the liquid crystal molecules are not only radially inclined in a region corresponding to the physical portion of the electrode , in the region corresponding to the opening; therefore, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is extremely continuous, and a stable orientation state can be obtained, resulting in no display of unevenness, in particular, it is necessary to apply an oblique electric field to control the liquid. Orientation of a molecule to a large number of liquid crystal molecules for obtaining a good reaction characteristic (high reaction rate), for which a large number of openings (edges) are required. In the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, since it has a stable radial direction The obliquely oriented liquid crystal field is formed corresponding to the opening, and therefore, even when a large number of openings are formed to improve the reaction characteristics, it is possible to avoid a decrease in display quality (inhomogeneity occurrence rate) derived by increasing the amount of opening. When at least a portion of the plurality of openings are formed in substantially the same shape and the same size to form at least one unit lattice having a rotationally symmetric arrangement, the plurality of liquid crystal fields may be symmetrically arranged by using the unit cell as a unit. Therefore, the viewing angle dependence of the display quality is improved. Further, when the entire pixel region is divided into a plurality of unit lattices, the orientation of the liquid crystal layer can be stabilized over the entire pixel region, for example, the opening system configuration allows the centers of the respective openings to be made. A square crystal paper scale applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21〇X 297 public) 1299810 V. Invention description (格. If one The prime zone consists of a + far-right component such as a storage capacitive region: 'The cell lattice is at least arranged in each region that contributes to the display. When at least part of the plurality of openings (usually composed of - unit crystal) When the opening of the grid is in a symmetrical shape, the radial tilting orientation of the liquid crystal field corresponding to the opening can be stabilized. For example, each opening has a circular or regular polygon (for example, a square). The shape (as viewed from the normal direction of the substrate), the opening may be non-rotating symmetrically according to the shape of the pixel (the ratio between the width and the length), and is shaped like a circular shape. When the solid portion area (hereinafter referred to as "unit solid portion") of the opening is in a rotationally symmetrical shape, the radial oblique orientation of the liquid crystal field corresponding to the solid portion can be stabilized, for example, if the opening is performed The system is in a square lattice configuration, and the openings can be substantially star-shaped or cross-shaped, and the solid parts of the unit are circular or square. Needless to say, both the opening and the substantial portion of the body surrounded by the opening can be substantially square. In order to stabilize the radial tilting orientation of the liquid crystal field corresponding to the opening of the electrode, the liquid crystal field corresponding to the opening is preferably substantially circular, and conversely the 'opening shape is designed to correspond to the opening. The liquid crystal field of the hole can be made into a circle. Needless to say, in order to stabilize the radial tilting orientation of the liquid crystal field corresponding to the opening of the electrode, the liquid crystal field corresponding to the opening is preferably circular, and is formed by a continuous conductive film. One of the liquid crystal regions of the solid portion is formed corresponding to a solid portion region (unit solid portion) substantially surrounded by a plurality of openings. Accordingly, the shape and arrangement of the openings are determined such that the solid portion (unit solid portion) can be made circular. -11 - This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 1299810 A7 B7

1299810 A7

In the first liquid crystal display device of the first, the plurality of sub-pixel electrodes are electrically connected to each other, and if the short-circuit defect occurs between an existing sub-pixel electrode and the opposite electrode, only the short-circuit defect occurs. The sub-pixel electrode of the short defect can be electrically disconnected from the switching (4) and maintain an electrical connection between the other sub-pixel electrode and the switching element. Therefore, a normal voltage can be applied to the 彳 彳 彳 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a top view showing a structure of a pixel region of a liquid crystal display device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of a liquid crystal display device 100 including a plurality of MxN matrices. a pixel electrode, and can only electrically disconnect the sub-pixel electrode having the short-circuit defect to the switching element; FIG. 3 is a top view showing a pixel area of the liquid crystal display device 2 of the embodiment 2 of the present invention; FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4B-4B of FIG. 4A; FIG. 5A and FIG. A state in which a voltage is applied through one of the liquid crystal layers 30 of the liquid crystal display device 200, in particular, a state in which the orientation starts to change in FIG. 5A (ON initial state), and FIG. 5B shows a fixed state; FIG. 6A 6B, 6C and 6D are schematic diagrams showing the relationship between a power line and liquid crystal molecular orientation; FIGS. 7A, 7B and 7C are schematic diagrams showing the liquid crystal viewed from the normal direction of the substrate in the liquid crystal display device 200 of Embodiment 2. Directional state of molecules; -13- paper scale Use Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 Specification (210 X 297 mm) 1299810 A7 ---------------B7 V. Invention Description (10 ) ^ --One-~One Figure 8A 8B and 8C are schematic diagrams showing examples of radial tilt orientation of liquid crystal molecules; FIGS. 9A and 9B are top views showing other pixel electrodes that can be used in the liquid crystal display device of Embodiment 2; FIGS. 10A and 10B are top views BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B are top views schematically showing other pixel electrodes usable in the liquid crystal display device of Embodiment 2; FIG. 12 is a top view, FIG. The other pixel electrodes which can be used in the liquid crystal display device of Embodiment 2 are shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B are top views showing other pixel electrodes which can be used in the liquid crystal display device of Embodiment 2; FIG. 14A is a pattern shown in FIG. 4A. A unit cell schematic diagram, FIG. 14B is a block diagram of a unit cell of the pattern shown in FIG. 12, and FIG. 14C is a diagram showing the relationship between a pitch p and a solid area ratio; FIG. 15A a top view, showing a liquid crystal display device 2 of Embodiment 2, a pixel region structure, and 15B is a cross-sectional view taken along line 15B-15B of FIG. 15A; FIGS. 16A, 16B, 16C and 16D are schematic diagrams for explaining the orientation of the liquid crystal layer 3〇a and the shape of a surface having vertical alignment properties. 17A and 17B are schematic views showing a state in which a voltage is applied through a liquid crystal layer 30 of a liquid crystal display device 200', in particular, a state in which the orientation starts to change (ON initial state) in FIG. 17A, and FIG. 17B. Showing a fixed state;

18A, 18B and 18C are liquid crystal display devices 2〇〇, 2〇〇B - 14 of the embodiment 2 - the paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 1299810 A7 B7 V. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS (11) and 200C are different from each other in the arrangement relationship between an opening and a protrusion; Fig. 19 is a liquid crystal display device taken along line 19A-19A of Fig. 15A. FIG. 20A is a top view showing a pixel structure of a liquid crystal display device 2D of Embodiment 2 of the present invention, and FIG. 20B is taken along line 20B-20B of FIG. 20A. Figure 21 is a top view showing a pixel area structure of a liquid crystal display device 3 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention; and Figure 22 is a conceptual diagram of a liquid crystal display device 3, including The plurality of sub-pixel electrodes are electrically connected in parallel to the pixel electrode 一 of a switching element 5 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A liquid crystal display device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described. Here, corresponding to a "pixel", one of the liquid crystal display device regions, that is, a minimum display is not early, and is designated as a , a pixel area, a color liquid crystal display device =, R, G and Β three pixels together correspond to a pixel, a pixel region is defined by: a pixel electrode and a counter electrode opposite to the pixel electrode. In the structure of a = black matrix, strictly speaking, the _ region corresponds to one of the black matrix of the entire region, that is, the application is performed according to the display state, which corresponds to a pixel region. Displaying a straight-lined substrate (for example, a D-butt substrate), a substrate (for example, a board), a color substrate, and a layer between the substrates, and at each pixel The region further includes a pixel electrode provided on the surface of the liquid crystal layer facing the liquid crystal layer, and a switching element (actively mounted X 297 mm) -15- 5. The invention description (12) is electrically connected to the pixel electrode. Electrode includes plural The plurality of contact portions electrically connected to the electrodes are provided with a plurality of sub-pixels and a size depending on the shape of the liquid crystal display device: a wide pixel electrode. The contact portions are appropriately determined in the same manner as the preparation and use. The structure can be simplified, and the process can be exempted from the complicated connection of the plurality of sub-pixel electrodes to the switching element. The plurality of electrical paths are replaced by an electric knife for the connection of one of the gas connections. The path is composed of other sub-tools, knives, 摅+ simple electrodes and contact parts, and according to this, the right short-circuit defect occurs in a sub-parallel connection path. And in the connection path of the switching element, the short==contact portion is electrically disconnected from the switching element, and the electrical connection between the sub-pixel electrode and the switching element is maintained. The voltage can be transmitted through the switching element 〜 to obtain sufficient display quality 既 both the stator pixel electrodes, so that the plurality of sub-pixel electrodes existing in the -pixel region can include a switching element connected through only one connection path Sub-pixel electrodes, but the sub-pixel electrode ratios respectively connected to the switching elements through the plurality of connection paths are preferably all of the sub-pixel orders in the pixel region. The sub-pixel electrodes connected through only one connection path are repaired (4) It is not used for display afterwards, because when any sub-pixel electrode included in the connection path is electrically disconnected from the switching element, it is electrically disconnected from the switching element. After the multiple connection path - 16 - 1299810 A7

When the ratio of the sub-pixel electrodes which are connected to each other is large, the ratio of a normal voltage applied to a region in the pixel region can be increased. In addition, when the switching element having the connection path from the sub-pixel electrode to the other sub-pixel electrode is connected to the switching 7L through a plurality of connection paths, the sub-pixel electrode subjected to the short circuit can be electrically disconnected. Switch components. Accordingly, since all of the other sub-pixel electrodes that do not contain the short-circuited sub-pixel electrode can be used for display after repairing the defect, a high-quality display can be obtained. The above structure and defect repairing method are useful for repairing one of the flashing point defects of the temporary short circuit or the breaking of the pixel electrode and the opposite electrode, and further, when it is applied to one of the liquid crystal display devices of the black heart mode, the normal state after the repair The voltage is not applied to an area of the pixel area to become an opaque point (dark point, that is, it is difficult to visually discriminate, and therefore, the effect of defect repair can be further enhanced. Similarly, a display defect can be repaired without sacrificing the overall pixel 3 area A liquid crystal display device can be obtained as follows:

Another liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes a first substrate (such as a TF substrate), a second substrate (such as a color filter substrate), and a first portion disposed therebetween;

The 曰曰 layer ′ and includes in each pixel region—the pixel electrode is provided on one side of the 帛 substrate of the surface I, and a switching element is electrically connected; the pixel electrode. The pixel electrode includes a plurality of sub-pixel electrodes and is electrically connected in parallel to the switching element according to the fact that if a short circuit occurs, because conductive debris or the like occurs between a stator pixel electrode and the opposite electrode, Sub-pixel electrodes subjected to short-circuit defects can be individually electrically disconnected from the switching elements and remain -17-1299810

An electrical connection between the other sub-pixel electrodes and the switching element. Therefore, it is often complained that the next voltage can be applied to the other sub-pixel electrodes through the switching element, thereby obtaining sufficient display quality. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A liquid crystal display device of a preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described in detail. In the following embodiments, a transmission type liquid crystal display device including a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) as a switching element will be exemplified, but this is not intended to limit the present invention. The present invention is also applicable to a liquid crystal display device including a switching element and separated from a TFT, a reflective liquid crystal display device, and a transmission type/reflective liquid crystal display device. Embodiment 1 A liquid crystal display device 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a top view of a pixel region of the liquid crystal display device 1 of this embodiment, FIG. The structure of one pixel electrode is mainly disclosed and some other components are omitted. The liquid crystal display device i 00 includes an active matrix substrate, a counter substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed therebetween. The active matrix substrate includes a transparent substrate (for example, a glass substrate), a pixel electrode 14 is provided in each pixel region on the transparent substrate surface facing the liquid crystal layer, and a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) 5 is used as a switching element to electrically It is connected to the pixel electrode 14. The opposite substrate comprises a transparent substrate (for example, a glass substrate) and an opposite electrode is provided on one surface thereof. For example, the liquid crystal layer can be a liquid crystal layer displayed in a polarized mode, in this embodiment, a WTN mode display is used. The liquid crystal layer. The pixel electrode 14 and the opposite electrode are disposed opposite to each other with the liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween, and the liquid crystal layer orientation state in each pixel region is applied to the image -18-

1299810 A7 B7

V. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (15) The voltage between the element electrode 14 and the opposite electrode is changed. The structure of the active matrix substrate of the device 100 will be described in detail with reference to Fig. 1, and the liquid crystal is shown later. The active matrix substrate includes a slit and a slab, and is provided with a scanning line (gate bus line) 5 1 , a self-scanning # 5 φ π flat 畑 deep M knife expenditure to the gate 5 〇 G And a storage capacitor line 52. In addition, a gate insulating film is made to cover, half of the lead

The body layer, the one-channel protective layer, the _ tune-in ^ n source 50S and the one-pole 5 〇 D are formed on the gate insulating film above the gate 50G, so as to make a 5 inch. The source 50S of the TFT 50 is electrically connected to a signal line (source bus bar) 53, and the drain 50D thereof is electrically connected to a connection line, and an intermediate layer insulating film is formed to be substantially covered. The entire surface of the insulating substrate at the 5 叮 及 and the pixel electrode J 4 are formed on the interlayer insulating film. The pixel electrode 14 includes a plurality of sub-pixel electrodes 55 and a plurality of contact portions for electrically connecting any two sub-pixel electrodes 55 to each other. The pixel electrode 14 is electrically connected to the connection line 54 through one of the contact holes 57 in the interlayer insulating film, and is electrically connected to the electrode 5 through the connection line 54. Although each of the sub-pixel electrodes of this embodiment The shape of the sub-pixel electrode is not limited to a square, but may be any shape, including a rectangular shape y and a circle 幵 ^. In a liquid crystal display device, the direction is not one of the oblique electric field generated by the edge portion. The effect is controlled, and the edge portion is located between the region where the conductive film is not provided and the sub-pixel electrode in the liquid crystal display device 100 of the TN mode liquid crystal layer of the present embodiment. The ratio of the area in which the conductive film is provided is preferably increased by making each sub-pixel electrode rectangular. Similarly, the pixel electrode 丨4 of the present embodiment includes ten-19--the paper size is applicable to the Chinese national standard. (CNS) A4 size (210 X 297 mm) 1299810 V. Description of the invention (16 sub-pixel electrodes 5 5, but this is not an even gentleman ^ & defending * non-limiting of the invention. The pixel electrode 14 can be a majority The sub-pixel electrode 55, and the size (area) of each sub-pixel electrode μ may be different. In addition, the pixel electrode of the embodiment includes a contact portion to connect the two sub-pixel electrodes to each other, but this is not the invention. The pixel electrode may include a contact portion for connecting three or more sub-pixel electrodes to each other. A part of the sub-pixel electrodes (10) of the liquid crystal display device 100 of the present embodiment is plural; the electrical connection path 'is electrically connected to each other. For example, one set The sub-pixel electrode 55, which is oriented on the upper right side of FIG. 1, is electrically connected to the coffee bean 5不仅 not only through the connection path A as indicated by the solid arrow, but also connected via one of the schematic diagrams at the front of the broken line. The path B, the connection path A, includes any of the other sub-pixel electrodes 55 and the contact portion 56. According to this, if the short-circuit defect occurs in a sub-pixel electrode 55 shown in FIG. In the sub-pixel electrode 55s in the connection path 6, the contact portion 56 connected to the sub-pixel electrode 55s is cut at a disconnect portion 56, so that the sub-pixel electrode 55s suffering from the short-circuit defect can be electrically disconnected ktft 5〇 and kept The sub-pixel electrode 55 is electrically connected to the TFT 50.

> When the contact portion 56 connected to the sub-pixel electrode 55s is cut off, the connection path B stops functioning as a connection path for connecting the sub-pixel electrode 55 to the pin 5, but a normal voltage can still be applied to the sub-pixel The electrode 55 is electrically connected to the kTFT 5A because it is connected via the connection path A. Therefore, an area of the liquid crystal layer disposed above the sub-pixel electrode 55' can contribute to the display of the liquid crystal display device 100 of the present embodiment. In addition, in the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment, in addition to the top right of the drawing, the paper size is suitable for the purchase of the product (CNS) A4 specification (21GX297 public) -20-1299810 A7 —-________ B7 V. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (17) The sub-pixel electrode 55 is disposed, and the pixel electrode 14 further includes a sub-pixel electrode 55 connected to the TFT 5 through a plurality of connection paths, and the sub-pixel electrode 55 having the connection path I to include other sub-pixels The 50 series of any of the electrodes 55 are connected to the TFT 5 through a plurality of connection paths. Therefore, if a short-circuit defect occurs in any of the sub-pixel electrodes 55 in the pixel region, only the sub-pixel electrode 55 that is subjected to the short-circuit defect is electrically disconnected from the TFT 5A, and the other sub-pixel electrode 55 and the TFT 50 are held. Electrical connection between. According to this, after the defect is repaired, all of the pixel electrodes contribute to the display except for the sub-pixel electrode 55s which is subjected to the short-circuit defect, thereby obtaining a high-quality display. Referring to Fig. 2, as in the liquid crystal display device 1 of the embodiment i, a configuration example of a liquid crystal display device which can electrically disconnect only the sub-pixel electrode subjected to the short-circuit defect to the switching element will be described later. 2 is a conceptual diagram of a liquid crystal display device 100, which includes a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in a matrix. Although one of the liquid crystal display devices 100' includes a plurality of sub-pixel electrodes, it is electrically connected to a switch. The element 50 is arranged in a matrix (wherein the m-th column and one of the sub-pixel electrodes in the n-th column is represented as a sub-pixel electrode (m, n)). In Fig. 2, a solid line extending between the switching element and a sub-pixel electrode or between a plurality of sub-pixel electrodes indicates that they are electrically connected to each other. As shown in FIG. 2, in the liquid crystal display device 1', a sub-pixel electrode having a connection path to any of the other sub-pixel electrodes (in this example, a sub-pixel electrode provided in the second and subsequent columns) The switching element 5 of the ;) is connected to the switching element 50 via a plurality of connection paths. Therefore, if a short circuit defect is -21 -

1299810

When it occurs in any of the sub-pixel electrodes, only the sub-pixel electrode that is subjected to the short-circuit defect is electrically disconnected from the switching element 50, and the other sub-pixel electrode and the switching element 50 are electrically connected. For example, if the short-circuit defect occurs in the (M-1)th column shown in FIG. 2 and in the yin-line sub-pixel electrode (M1, N-1) in the ninth column, The electrical connection between the pixel electrode (M1, N-1) and the switching element 5〇, only the sub-pixel electrode (M1, N-1) can be electrically disconnected from the switching element 5〇. According to this, all the other sub-pixel electrodes can be used for display after the repair, so that a high-quality display can be obtained. The liquid crystal display device i can be made by any conventional manufacturing method, for example, the following: First, an active matrix substrate is formed as a switching element by forming a scanning line 51, a signal line 53, and a signal line 53. The TFT 5 〇, a pixel electrode 14 and the like are formed on a transparent substrate (for example, a glass substrate), and the components are covered by a polyimide polyimide alignment layer (for example, AL4552 manufactured by JSR). The opposite substrate is formed by forming a color filter layer, an opposite electrode, and the like on a transparent substrate (for example, a glass substrate), and covering the layers with a polyimide polyimide alignment layer (for example, AL-4552 manufactured by JSR). Component made. Here, when the substrates are bonded to each other, the polyimide polyimide alignment layers formed on the respective substrates are subjected to a rubbing treatment and are mutually overlapped in a rubbing direction of a 9-turn angle. A closed pattern (sealant) is printed on one of the active matrix substrate and the opposite substrate, and similarly, a spacer (in this example, a spherical spacer of about 5 micrometers in diameter) is sprayed on the other substrate. , the substrate is then under pressure-22-

1299810 A7 ______B7 V. INSTRUCTIONS (19) Mutual bonding and curing sealant. Thereafter, a positive dielectric anisotropic nematic liquid crystal material including a polarizing rotator (for example, ZLI-4792 manufactured by Merck & Co., Lnc) is injected by vacuum injection between the active matrix substrate and the opposite substrate. Within a gap, and sealing the injection hole. Then, a phase plate and a polarizing plate are provided to complete the liquid crystal display device 100 of the present embodiment. The defect repair in the liquid crystal display device 1 thus produced is, for example, specifically implemented as follows: First, a pixel region having a display defect is specified in a plurality of pixel regions, and in a specified pixel region, a short defect is suffered. One of the sub-pixel electrodes 55s is designated among the plurality of sub-pixel electrodes 55, and the processing of the pixel region and the sub-pixel electrode 55s is performed by, for example, an optical microscope or a magnifying glass. Next, the designated sub-pixel electrode 55s is electrically disconnected from a TFT 50' contact portion 56 by a touch-contact portion 56, for example, by a laser beam, and can be cut off by using a laser beam. The technology is properly implemented. Embodiment 2 A liquid crystal display device 2 of Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 3. Thereafter, the liquid crystal display device 100 of Embodiment 1 displays an image in a TN mode, and conversely, the liquid crystal display device of Embodiment 2. In 200, the liquid crystal system is vertically oriented when no voltage is applied, and is radially inclined when voltage is applied. In the following drawings, elements that are functionally the same as those of the liquid crystal display device 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals to omit the description. -23- This paper is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) "~ ---~--- — 1299810 A7 ---------—— B7 V. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (2^) ~~~ ---- Figure 3 is a top view of a pixel area of the liquid crystal display device 2 of the present embodiment. The pixel electrode 14 of the liquid crystal display device 200 includes a plurality of sub-pixel electrodes 55 and a plurality of contact portions 5 6 for electrically connecting any two sub-pixel electrodes 55 to each other. Similarly, in the liquid crystal display device 200, sub-pixels having a connection path are provided. The τρτ of the electrode 55 to any of the other sub-pixel electrodes 55 is connected to the TFT 5G via a plurality of connection paths. Therefore, if the _ short-circuit defect occurs in any of the sub-pixel electrodes 55 in the pixel region, only the short-circuit defect is encountered: the sub-pixel electrode 55 is electrically disconnected from the TFT 5 〇, and the other sub-pixel electrodes 55 and the scratch 50 are held. Electrical connection between. According to this, after the defect is repaired, all the sub-pixel electrodes are facilitated in display except for the sub-pixel electrode 55 which is subjected to the short-circuit defect, thereby obtaining a high-quality display. Also in the liquid crystal display device 2 of the second embodiment, the liquid crystal layer is formed into a liquid crystal field due to the electrode structure, and is radially tilted and oriented in a voltage application, so that a wide viewing angle characteristic can be obtained. Further, as described below, a liquid crystal field is also formed in the opening of the pixel electrode 丨4 (i.e., where the conductive film is not formed). The electrode structure of the liquid crystal display device 2 of Example 2 and its function will be described later. The structure of one pixel region of the liquid crystal display device 2 of Example 2 will be described later with reference to Figs. 4a and 4B. In the following description, a color filter and a black matrix are omitted for simplification. Although the sub-pixel electrode 5 5 configured as a matrix of 5 χ 2 is formed in one of the pixel regions of FIG. 3, the sub-pixel electrode 55 disposed in a pixel region of a 3×3 matrix is disclosed below, for the sake of simplicity. Figure 4 八系 -24- This paper scale applies to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210X 297 mm) 1299810

The top view seen from the normal direction of the substrate, and FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4A24b_4b, and FIG. 4B shows the state in which no voltage is applied through the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal display device 200 includes an active matrix substrate (in the text) It is called a TFT substrate 200a, a counter substrate (also shown as a color filter substrate), and a liquid crystal layer 3 provided between the TFT substrate 200a and the counter substrate 2B. The liquid crystal layer 30a of the liquid crystal layer 3 has negative dielectric anisotropy, and is provided on the surface facing the liquid crystal layer 3〇iTF butyl plate 2〇〇a and the opposite substrate 200b due to the vertical alignment layer (not shown). Therefore, when no voltage is applied through the liquid crystal layer 3, the liquid crystal layer 30a is oriented in the vertical direction toward the surface of the vertical alignment layer, as shown in FIG. 4B, the state of the liquid crystal layer 30 is set to a vertical alignment state. However, depending on the type of the vertical alignment layer and the liquid crystal material, the liquid crystal layer 30a of the liquid crystal layer 3 in the vertically oriented state may slightly tend to vertically align with the normal to the surface of the layer (substrate surface). Generally, the liquid crystal molecular axis (also defined as the axial direction) tends to a vertical alignment layer surface. The liquid crystal molecular state is set to a vertical orientation state of about 85 degrees or more. The TFT substrate 200a of the liquid crystal display device 200 includes a transparent substrate (for example, a glass substrate) 11 and a pixel electrode 14 disposed thereon, and the opposite substrate 2〇〇1) includes a transparent substrate (for example, a glass substrate). An opposite electrode 22 disposed thereon. According to the voltage applied between the pixel electrodes 14 and the opposite electrodes 22 which are opposite to each other and sandwich the liquid crystal layer 3, the orientation state of the liquid crystal layer 3 in each pixel region is changed, and the display liquid crystal layer 3 is used. The state of the polarized light and the amount of light are changed in accordance with the change in the orientation state of the liquid crystal layer 30. The pixel electrode 14 of the liquid crystal display device 200 is composed of a solid portion i4b including a plurality of sub-pixel electrodes 55 and a plurality of contact portions 56, and a plurality of openings 14a. The Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification is applied to the -25- paper scale ( 210X 297 public) 1299810

In the pixel electrode 14 made of a conductive film (for example, a butadiene film), the opening i4a corresponds to a region where the conductive film is removed, and the solid portion 14b corresponds to a region where the conductive film remains ( One of the areas other than the opening 14a). The plurality of openings 14a are provided in the respective pixel electrodes, and the solid portion is basically made of a single continuous conductive film. The plurality of openings 14a are arranged such that their centers form a square lattice, and are substantially surrounded by four openings 14a and their centers are positioned at four lattice points to form a solid portion of a single π lattice region (hereinafter referred to as The unit solid portion 14b,) is substantially circular. Each of the openings 14a is star-shaped and the four quarter-arc edges have a quadruple rotation axis at the center thereof. The cell lattice is preferably formed at the edge of the pixel electrode 以 to balance the orientation over the entire pixel region. Accordingly, as shown in the figure, the edge of the pixel electrode is preferably molded to have a shape equivalent to about half of the opening process (at the edge of the pixel electrode), or about a quarter of the aperture ΐ4& At the edge of the pixel electrode). The opening holes 14a positioned at the central portion of the pixel electrode have substantially the same shape and size, and the unit solid portions 14b' respectively positioned in the unit cells formed by the openings 14a are substantially circular and have substantially the same shape and size. The unit solid portions 14b are connected to each other to constitute an entity 14b having a single conductive film function. . When a voltage is applied between the pixel electrode 14 having the above structure and the opposite electrode, the plurality of liquid crystal fields each having a radially oblique orientation are formed by the oblique electric field generated at the edge of the opening 14a, and the liquid crystal field is made for Each region of the opening 14a and corresponding to each of the cells in the cell lattice and the member t1. This paper scale applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 dongdong) -26 - 1299810 A7 ---- B7___ V. Inventions~) " I - In this embodiment, the square pixel electrode For example, the shape of the pixel electrode 14 is not limited to a square, and the general shape of the pixel electrode 14 is a rectangle (including a square), so that the opening 14a can be regularly arranged in a square lattice. The effect of the present invention can be obtained even when the shape of the pixel electrode 14 is not rectangular, as long as the opening 14a is regularly arranged (for example, the above-described square lattice arrangement) to form a liquid crystal region over the entire pixel electrode.

A mechanism for forming a liquid crystal field from an oblique electric field will be described with reference to FIGS. 5A and 5B. FIGS. 5A and 5B disclose a state obtained by applying a voltage through the liquid crystal layer 3 of FIG. 4B, and in particular, FIG. 5A schematically shows the liquid crystal layer 30a. The orientation starts to change depending on the state in which the voltage passing through the liquid crystal layer 30 is applied (the initial state of 〇N), and the state in which the liquid crystal layer 3〇a which is not changed according to the applied voltage is oriented to obtain a fixed state. In FIGS. 5A and 5B, one line EQ represents an equipotential line. Order

When the pixel electrode 14 and the opposite electrode 22 have the same potential (corresponding to a state in which no voltage is applied through the liquid crystal layer 30), the liquid crystal layer 3A in the pixel region is oriented in the vertical direction toward the faces of the substrates 11 and 21, as shown in FIG. 4B. Shown. § When a voltage is applied through the liquid crystal layer 3, a potential gradient represented by the equipotential line EQ (vertically intersecting a power line) of FIG. 5A is formed, and the equipotential line Eq is parallel to the physical portion 14b of the pixel electrode 14 and the opposite electrode 22 The solid portion 14b in the region of one of the liquid crystal layers 30 and the surface of the opposite electrode 22 are lowered in a region corresponding to the opening 14a of the pixel electrode 14. Therefore, the tilting electric power indicated by the inclined portion of one of the equipotential lines EQ is formed at the edge EG of the opening 14a in the region of the liquid crystal layer 3 (i.e., the inner periphery of the opening i4a including the boundary). For the liquid crystal layer 30a having negative dielectric anisotropy, a moment is applied such that the axial direction of the liquid crystal layer 30a is parallel to the equipotential line] eq (ie, perpendicular to the power -27 - the paper scale applies to the Chinese national standard ( CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 public) 1299810 V. Invention description (24 lines) 'According to this, the liquid crystal layer 3〇a located above the edge EG is inclined clockwise in the edge EG of the right side of the figure. On the left side of the figure, the edge EG is inclined in the counterclockwise direction, as shown by the arrow in Fig. 5A, so that the orientation is parallel to the equipotential line EQ. Now, the orientation change of the liquid crystal layer 3〇a will be referred to FIG. 6β, ... and still be described in detail. When an electric field is generated in the liquid crystal layer 30, the axial direction is applied to the liquid crystal layer having a negative dielectric anisotropy, which is parallel to the equipotential line EQ, as shown in Fig. 6A. It is shown that when an electric field represented by an equipotential line EQ perpendicular to the axial direction of the liquid crystal layer 3a is generated, a moment is applied to the liquid crystal layer 3〇a, and it is inclined in a clockwise direction or a counterclockwise direction with an equal probability. According to this, the liquid crystal layer 30 between an opposite parallel plate type electrode In the domain, the moment is applied to the partial liquid crystal layer 30a in the clockwise direction, and is applied to the other liquid crystal layer 30a in the counterclockwise direction. Therefore, the orientation state sometimes cannot be smoothly changed depending on the voltage applied through the liquid crystal layer. The electric field (inclination electric field) indicated by the potential line EQ and inclined in the axial direction of the liquid crystal layer 3A is generated in the opening 14 & edge portion EG of the liquid crystal display device 2 shown in FIG. 5A, and a liquid crystal layer 30a is The direction shown in Fig. 6B is inclined so as to be parallel to the equipotential line EQ and has a small inclination (counterclockwise in the figure). Further, positioning is performed on an equipotential line EQm perpendicular to the axial direction to represent an electric field. One of the liquid crystal layers 30a in the region is inclined as shown in Fig. 6C, and its direction is the same as that of the other liquid crystal layer 3a positioned on the inclined portion of the equipotential line EQ in order to continue (match) its orientation. When an electric field represented by the continuous irregular equipotential line EQ shown in Fig. 6D is applied, it is positioned on the equipotential line. The paper scale applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm). ) -28- 1299810 A7 ____ Β7 5. The liquid crystal layer 30a of the invention (25) is oriented to match the direction of the other liquid crystal layer 30a on the inclined portion of the equipotential line EQ. Here, the positioning on the equipotential line means ", The equipotential line EQ represents one of the electric fields." When the orientation change from the liquid crystal layer 3〇a positioned on the inclined portion of the equipotential line Eq is performed as described above and a fixed state is obtained, the orientation of FIG. 5B is sorrowful. The liquid crystal layer 3〇a positioned near the center of the opening 14a is substantially equally affected by the orientation of the liquid crystal layer 3〇a positioned at the opposite edge portion of the opening 14a. Therefore, it maintains the orientation state. It is perpendicular to the equipotential line Eq. The liquid crystal layer 3a positioned in the region far from the center of the hole 14a is inclined by the orientation of the liquid crystal layer 30a positioned closer to the edge portion EG to form a symmetrical path with respect to the center SA of the opening 14a. Oriented to the slope. When the orientation state is viewed in a direction perpendicular to the display surface of the liquid crystal display device 200 (ie, perpendicular to the direction of the substrate and the surface thereof), the axial direction of the liquid crystal layer 3A is related to the opening 14 & center In the radial direction, this orientation state is determined as, radial tilt orientation, . Similarly, a liquid crystal layer region is defined as a liquid crystal region in a region in which a radial tilt orientation is obtained in relation to a center. Also in a unit solid portion 14b corresponding to the opening 14a, a liquid crystal layer 30a is formed in a liquid crystal region in a radially inclined state. The liquid crystal layer 3 positioned in the region corresponding to the unit solid portion 14b is affected by the orientation of the liquid crystal layer 3〇a positioned at the opening 14 & edge EG to form a center SA related to the unit entity 邛 14b And a symmetrical radial oblique orientation (corresponding to the center of the cell lattice formed by the opening 14a). The radial oblique orientation obtained in the liquid crystal field in the solid portion 14b of the cell and the diameter obtained in the opening 14a The liquid crystal layer 30a is oriented to match the orientation of the liquid crystal layer 30a positioned at the edge of the opening in the regions -29-1299810. In the liquid crystal field in the opening, the solar layer in the liquid crystal field is in the shape of an upward opening (toward the substrate 2〇〇b), and the liquid crystal layer in the liquid crystal field in the unit solid portion 14b' The 3A is oriented in a tapered shape (toward the substrate 200a), whereby the radial tilt orientation obtained in the liquid crystal field in the opening (4) is obtained in the liquid crystal field in the unit solid portion 14b. The radial inclination and the oblique orientation continue each other. Therefore, a slanting line ( The defect is not caused by the 幵V, so that the display quality can be prevented from being lowered due to the occurrence of a tilt line. In order to improve the viewing angle dependence of the display quality of a liquid crystal display device in all orientations, the orientation directions are oriented in each pixel region. The probability of existence of the liquid crystal molecules is preferably symmetry of rotation, and is preferably axially symmetrical. In other words, all liquid crystal fields disposed in the entire pixel region are preferably rotatory pairs, and most Preferably, the axis is symmetrically arranged, but it does not need to obtain rotational symmetry in the entire pixel region, but the liquid crystal layer in the pixel region is made into a collection of liquid crystal fields in a rotationally symmetric (or axially symmetric) configuration (for example, In the plural liquid crystal field of the square lattice arrangement mode, according to this, all the plural apertures 14 a provided in the pixel region should not need to be rotationally symmetrically arranged in the entire pixel region as long as they are expressed as rotational symmetry (or axis) a set of apertures configured symmetrically (eg, a plurality of apertures in a square lattice configuration). Needless to say, each unit entity surrounded by a plurality of apertures 14a The portion 14b is also arranged in a similar manner. Further, since the shape of each liquid crystal field is preferably rotative symmetry and is preferably axially symmetrical, the shape of each of the opening 14a and the unit body portion is preferably rotatability. Symmetrical and optimal for axial symmetry. This paper scale applies to the medium time stamp "A4_2iqχχ公爱_) -30- 1299810

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In some examples, a sufficient voltage cannot be applied through a portion of the liquid crystal layer 30 near the center of the opening 14a, so that a portion of the liquid crystal layer 30 near the center of the opening 14a is thermally used for display. In other words, even when the radial tilting orientation in a portion of the liquid crystal layer 30 in the vicinity of the opening 14a is slightly disturbed (e.g., when the central axis is slightly offset from the center of the hole 14a), the display quality is not lowered. Accordingly, at least the liquid crystal region corresponding to the unit solid portion 14b should be made to be symmetrical or axially symmetrically arranged. Referring to FIGS. 5A and 5B, the pixel electrode 丨4 of the liquid crystal display device 2 of the present invention has a plurality of openings 14a, and an electric field represented by an equipotential line having an inclined portion is formed in a liquid crystal layer in the pixel region. 3 〇, a liquid crystal layer 3 having a negative dielectric anisotropy in the liquid crystal layer 3 (the system is in a vertical direction when no voltage is applied, and is positioned by a liquid crystal layer positioned on the inclined portion of the equipotential line EQ) The orientation change of 3〇a triggers to change its orientation direction to form a liquid crystal field having a stable radial tilt orientation in the opening 14a and the solid portion i4b. A display is changed by applying a voltage through the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal field are oriented and produced. The shape of the opening 14a of the pixel electrode 14 of the liquid crystal display device 200 (as viewed from the normal direction of the substrate) and the arrangement thereof will be described later. The display features are derived from the orientation angle dependence derived from the orientation state of the liquid crystal molecules (optical anisotropy). In order to reduce the orientation angle dependence of the display features, the liquid crystal molecules preferably face each with equal probability. Preferably, the liquid crystal molecules in the respective pixel regions are oriented at equal orientations with equal probability. Accordingly, the openings 14a preferably have a shape that allows the liquid crystal field to be formed with equal probability toward each other. Orientation angle, and aligned to each pixel area -31 -

1299810 V. Description of the invention (28 7 liquid crystal layer 3〇a', in particular, the shape of the opening 14a is preferably symmetrical (compared with 2 is a rotation axis having two or more folds) and centered (along the normal) Doing 1 - the axis of symmetry, and the plurality of openings 14a are preferably arranged to have a rotational confrontation, and similarly, the shape of the solid portion 1 of the unit substantially surrounded by the opening is relatively symmetrical, and the unit is The portion 4b is preferably configured to have rotational symmetry. The opening 14a and the unit solid portion 14b are arranged to have rotatory symmetry on the positive pixel region, but when, for example, a square lattice (symmetric to four When the folding axis of rotation is used as a minimum unit to form a pixel region using the square lattice combination shown in FIG. 4A, the liquid crystal molecules can be positioned toward the entire orientation angle at substantially equal probability throughout the pixel region. When the symmetric symmetrical star opening 14a and the substantially circular unit solid portion 14b are in the square lattice arrangement shown in FIG. 4A, the orientation state of the obtained liquid crystal layer 30a will be referred to FIGS. 7A, 7; 8 and 7 ( : explained later. • Figure 7 A, 7B, and 7C show the orientation state of the liquid crystal layer 3〇a viewed from the normal direction of the substrate, and are in an elliptical shape in the orientation state of the liquid crystal layer 30a viewed from the normal direction of the substrate in Fig. 7M7C. The black end of each liquid crystal layer indicated by the line represents the inclination of the liquid crystal layer 30a such that the black end is made closer to the black end of the substrate having the opening 14a of the pixel electrode 14 than the other end, which can also be applied to other figures described later. In the formula, a cell lattice (consisting of four openings 14a) in the pixel region shown in FIG. 4 is illustrated, and the cross-sectional views of FIGS. 7A, 7B, and 7C taken along the diagonal line correspond to FIG. 4B, respectively. 5A & 5B, which is also used in the following description. When the pixel electrode 14 and the opposite electrode 22 have the same potential, that is, the voltage-free paper scale applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21〇X 297 public) -32- 1299810 V. INSTRUCTION DESCRIPTION (29) When applied through the liquid crystal layer 30, a vertical alignment layer provided on the surface of the butyl plate 200a facing the liquid crystal layer 3 and the opposite substrate 2〇〇b is used (in the figure) The liquid crystal layer 30a, which is not shown) controlled in its orientation direction, is draped as shown in FIG. 7A. Directional orientation state 菖 When the electric field indicated by the specific potential line EQ of FIG. 5A is generated by applying a voltage through the liquid crystal layer 30, the moment is applied to the liquid crystal layer 30a having negative dielectric anisotropy, and its axis The direction may be parallel to the equipotential lines. Referring to FIGS. 6A and 6B, a liquid crystal layer 3〇a is positioned in an electric field represented by a knife potential line EQ perpendicular to the molecular axis of the liquid crystal layer 3〇a, tilted ( The direction of rotation is not the only judgment (as shown in Fig. 6A), so the orientation change (tilt or rotation) is not easy to occur. Conversely, the liquid crystal layer is positioned in the equipotential line EQ which is inclined to a portion of the molecular axis of the liquid crystal layer 3〇a. 30a, the tilt (rotation) direction is the only judgment 'so the orientation change is apt to occur. According to this, as shown in Fig. 7B, the liquid crystal layer 30a starts to incline from the edge of the opening 14a where the molecular axis of the liquid crystal layer 30a is inclined at the equipotential line eq. Subsequently, as shown in Fig. 6C, the liquid crystal layer 30a positioned on the circumferential side of the inclined liquid crystal layer 30a at the edge of the opening is also inclined to match its orientation. Therefore, the molecular axis of the liquid crystal layer 30a becomes a steady state (radial oblique orientation state) as shown in Fig. 7C. Accordingly, when the opening 14a has a rotationally symmetrical shape, the liquid crystal layer 30a in the pixel region is inclined from the edge of the opening 14a toward the center of the opening 14a by applying a voltage. Therefore, the liquid crystal layer 3〇a positioned near the center of the opening i4a, that is, the force for controlling the orientation of the liquid crystal layer 30 a from the respective edges is balanced, which is maintained in the vertical direction and positioned in the liquid crystal layer 3 0 a The liquid crystal layer 30a having a continuous radial inclination on the circumferential side is adjacent to the center of the opening 14a. -33- This paper scale applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) 1299810 A7 _ B7 V. Description of invention (3〇) Similarly, the positioning is corresponding to the approximate configuration of the square lattice configuration The liquid crystal layer 30a in the region of the substantially circular unit solid portion 1» surrounded by the four openings 14a is inclined to match its orientation, and the orientation of the liquid crystal layer 3 is also caused by the inclination at the edge of the opening 14a. The electric field is inclined. The liquid crystal layer 30a positioned near the center of the solid portion 14bf of the unit, that is, the edge portion controls the force of the alignment of the liquid crystal layer 3〇a to be balanced, which is kept perpendicularly toward the surface of the substrate, and is positioned in the layer of liquid aa. The liquid crystal layer 3 〇a which is continuously inclined in the radial direction of the 30 a side is in the vicinity of the center of the unit solid portion 14b. When the liquid crystal layer 30a is in the state of the radially inclined orientation, the liquid crystal field is in the entire pixel region. In the case of a square lattice arrangement, the liquid crystal layer 3〇a^ has a rotational symmetry, so that high-quality display without unevenness can be obtained in all visual directions. 'To reduce the liquid crystal field in a radial tilt orientation Vision Preferably, the liquid crystal field is preferably highly rotationally symmetrical (and preferably one or more axes of rotation and preferably four or more folds). Further, in order to reduce the viewing angle characteristics of the entire pixel region, the plurality of liquid crystals in the pixel region Preferably, the field is configured to be represented by a combination of one unit (e.g., a unit cell) of highly rotationally symmetric (and preferably one of two axes of rotation and preferably four or more) (e.g., Square lattice. When it is oriented in a radial direction of a clockwise or counterclockwise spiral as shown in Figs. 8B and 8C, instead of the simple radial oblique orientation shown in Fig. 8A, the diameter of the liquid crystal layer 30a The tilting orientation is relatively stable. In the orientation of the spiral, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal layer 30a does not spirally change along the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 3, like the orientation of the twist, but the liquid crystal layer 3 when viewed in a small area. The orientation direction of 〇a is only slightly changed along the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 3 as follows: -34- This paper has two standard standards ((: ϋ specification (210X 297 public I) 1299810 A7

1299810

Poor, the optical activity of the light can be utilized, so that the incident light passing through the region of the certain state can be used for transmission, that is, a liquid crystal display device which can display brightly. Although the opening 14a is substantially star-shaped and the unit solid portion 14b is substantially circular and located in the square lattice arrangement shown in FIG. 4A, the shape and arrangement of the opening 14a and the unit solid portion 14bf are not limited. Figure 8 shows the one. 9A and 9B are top views of pixel electrodes 14A and 14B having different shapes of openings 14a and unit solid portions. The opening 14a and the unit solid portion 14b of the pixel electrodes 14A and 14B shown in Figs. 9A and 9B are slightly deformed in shape compared to the opening 14a and the unit solid portion 14b' shown in Fig. 4A. The opening 14& and the unit solid portion 14b1 of the pixel electrodes 14A and 14β have a birefringence rotation axis (not a quadruple rotation axis), and are regularly arranged to constitute a rectangular unit lattice. Each of the openings 14a has a slightly deformed star shape, and each of the unit solid portions 14b' has an elliptical shape (deformed circular shape). Similarly, when either of the pixel electrodes 14A and 14B is used, a liquid crystal display device having a 咼 display quality and a good viewing angle characteristic can be obtained. Further, any of the pixel electrodes 14C and 14D disclosed in Figs. 10A and 10B, respectively, can also be used. In each of the pixel electrodes 14C and 14D, the substantially cross-shaped openings i4a are each located in a square lattice arrangement to constitute a substantially square unit solid portion 14b. It is not necessary to say that it can be deformed and configured into a rectangular unit lattice. Similarly, when the unit solid portion ub of the outline rectangle (including the square) is regularly arranged, a liquid crystal display device having high display quality and good viewing angle characteristics can be obtained. -36 -

1299810

Preferably, the opening 14a and/or the unit solid portion i4b' are preferably rounded/oval compared to the rectangular shape, because when it is circular or elliptical, the radial oblique orientation can be balanced, which is It is possible that since the edge portion of the opening 14a is continuously (fluidly) changed when it is circular or elliptical, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal layer 3a can be continuously (fluidly) changed. From the viewpoint of the aforementioned continuity change in the orientation direction of the liquid crystal layer 30a, any of the pixel electrodes 14E and 14F disclosed in Figs. 11A and 11B, respectively, can be used. The pixel electrode 14e of Fig. 11A is a modified version of the pixel electrode 14 of Fig. 4A, and has an aperture 4a composed of only four arcs. The pixel electrode 14F of Fig. B is a modified version of the pixel electrode 14D of Fig. 10B, and has an aperture ΐ4& and has an arcuate edge adjacent to the unit solid portion 14b. The opening 14a and the unit solid portion 14b of each of the pixel electrodes 14E and i4F have a quadruple rotation axis and are arranged in a square unit lattice arrangement (having a quadruple rotation line). However, the opening 14a and the unit solid portion 14b' may be deformed to have a two-fold rotation axis and are disposed in a rectangular unit wafer configuration (having a two-fold rotation axis) as shown in Figs. 9A and 9B. In the above example, the opening 14a is substantially star-shaped or cross-shaped, and the unit solid portion 141 is generally circular, elliptical, rectangular (rectangular) or rectangular with a rounded corner. On the contrary, the relationship between the opening 14a and the unit solid portion 14b can be negative/positively reversed. For example, FIG. 12 discloses that a pixel electrode 14G has a pattern obtained by negatively/positively reversing the pattern of the opening 14a and the unit solid portion 14b of FIG. 4A, and the pixel electrode 14G having such a negative/positive reverse pattern can be substantially the same. The function of the pixel electrode 14 in Fig. i. If the opening 14a and the unit solid portion 14b are squares in the pixel electrodes 14H and 141 as shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B, respectively, a negative/positive-37- paper scale is suitable for the S@home standard (CNS) A4 specification. (21GX 297 public) ------------ 1299810 A7 _____B7 V. Description of invention (34) The reverse pattern is the same as the original pattern. Also in the pattern of Fig. 12 obtained by negative/positive reversal of the pattern of Fig. 4A, a portion (about half or a quarter) of the opening 14a is preferably formed at each edge of the pixel electrode 14 to The unit constituting a rotationally symmetrical unit body portion 14V. Therefore, the effect derived from the oblique electric field can also be taken at the edge of the pixel region as in the center of the pixel region to facilitate a stable radial tilt orientation throughout the pixel region. Now, the pixel electrode 14 of FIG. 4A having the pattern obtained by negatively/positively reversing the opening of the pixel electrode 14 and the pattern of the unit body portion 14b and the pixel electrode 14G of FIG. 12 illustrate whether a negative pattern or a positive pattern. In either of the negative and positive patterns, the lengths of the edges of the openings 14a are the same, and accordingly, there is no difference between the patterns for generating the oblique electric field. However, the area ratio of the unit solid portion 14b' (the ratio of the entire area of the pixel electrode 14) may be different in the patterns, and in particular, the pattern may be in the region of the unit solid portion 14b (that is, where the conductive film actually exists). The difference is presented to generate an electric field applied to the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid day layer. The voltage applied to a liquid crystal field inside the opening 14a is lower than the voltage applied to a liquid crystal field inside the solid portion 14b. Therefore, in the display of the normal black mode, the liquid crystal field in the opening 14a is dark, which is easy to say. Since the area of the opening 14a is relatively ambiguous, the display brightness is lowered. Accordingly, the area ratio of the unit solid portion 14b is preferably higher. It is based on the inter-cell lattice spacing (size) of the pattern of Fig. 4A and the area of the unit solid portion 14b in the pattern of Fig. 12. Figure 14A reveals the cell of the pattern of Figure 4A, and Figure 14B reveals the -38 of Figure 12 - This paper scale applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 1299810 V. Invention Description (35) Pattern The unit cell (having the opening 14a at the center) omits part of the adjacent unit solid portion 14b of Fig. 12 (i.e., the branch extending from the circular portion in four directions) in Fig. mb. Here, it is assumed that the length (pitch) of the square unit lattice side is P, and the opening 14a or the unit solid portion 14b, and the gap (side gap) between the unit lattices are s. A plurality of pixel electrodes 14 having different pitches P and different side gaps 3 are respectively constructed to check the radial tilt orientation and the stability of the analog, and the results are first seen in order to generate a pattern having a pattern of Fig. 14 (hereinafter referred to as positive The pixel electrode 14 of the pattern) is to obtain an oblique electric field required for the radial tilt orientation, and the side gap should be about 2.75 microns or more. On the other hand, in relation to a pixel electrode 14 having a pattern i4B (hereinafter referred to as a negative pattern), it is found that the side gap 3 should be about 2.25 μm or more for generating an oblique electric field to achieve a radial tilt orientation. The lower limit value is set by the side gap s to check the area ratio of the unit body portion 14b by changing the pitch p value, and the result is disclosed in Table 1 and Table 1 in Fig. 14C: It can be seen from Table 1 and Figure 14C that when the pitch p is about 25 μm, the paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 public I) -39 - 1299810 A7 B7 5. Invention Description (36)

Where the area ratio of the solid portion 14b is higher in the positive pattern (as shown in FIG. 14A)' and when the pitch p is less than about 25 microns, the area ratio of the unit solid portion 14b is higher in the negative pattern ( As shown in Figure 14B). Accordingly, the pattern used varies from a viewpoint of display brightness and orientation stability by a pitch p of greater than or less than about 25 μm. For example, if three or less unit cells are formed in the lateral direction of a pixel electrode 14 and have a width of 75 μm, it is preferable to use a positive pattern as shown in FIG. 14A, and if more than four unit crystals are formed. Figure 14B

!29981〇 A7

It is improved from the inside of the opening 14a, and the foregoing state is used when the protrusion is not formed. The liquid crystal display device of the second embodiment has a structure substantially the same as that of the conventional vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device, except that the pixel electrode 14 has the opening 14 & and the liquid crystal display device can be made by any of the conventional manufacturing methods. In order to align in the vertical direction with a liquid crystal molecular vertical alignment layer (not shown) having a negative dielectric anisotropy, it is usually formed on the surface facing the pixel electrode 14 and the opposite electrode 22 of the liquid crystal layer 3''. The liquid crystal molecule uses a nematic liquid crystal material having a negative dielectric anisotropy. Similarly, a quest-host mode liquid crystal display device can be made by adding a dichroic pigment, a quest-host mode liquid crystal. The display device does not require a polarizing plate. Next, as a modification of the liquid crystal display device 2 of the second embodiment, it will be described later that a liquid crystal display device 200f includes a projection which is blunt in the opening 1. The structure of one of the pixel regions of the liquid crystal display device 200' will be described with reference to FIGS. 15A and 15B. Hereinafter, in the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to indicate components having the same functions as those of the liquid crystal display device 200. Do not repeat them. Fig. 15A is a top view as seen from the normal direction of the substrate, Fig. 5B is a cross-sectional view taken along line 15B-15B' of Fig. 15A, and Fig. 15B shows a state in which no voltage is applied through the liquid crystal layer. As shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B, the liquid crystal display device 2 is different from the liquid crystal display device 200 of the embodiment 2 shown in FIGS. 4A & 4B in that a TFT substrate 200a includes a protrusion 40 in the opening of the pixel electrode 14. Within 14a, a vertical alignment layer (not shown) is provided on the protrusions 40. The cross-sectional structure of the protrusion 40 taken along the plane direction of the substrate 11 is -41 - The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 1299810 A7 ______B7 V. Invention Description (38~' - The shape of the opening I4a, which is the same as that of Fig. 15A, is generally star-shaped. The adjacent dogs 40 are interconnected to completely surround the substantially circular unit solid portion 14b. The plane perpendicular to the substrate η The cross-sectional structure of the protruding buckle taken in the direction is the same as that of the trapezoid shown in FIG. 15B, in particular, the protrusion has a top surface 4〇t parallel to the substrate surface, and the side surface 4〇s has a tapered angle with respect to the substrate surface. θ (< 90°) tilt. Since the vertical alignment layer (not shown) is formed to cover the protrusion 40, the side surface 40s of the protrusion 40 has a control force for aligning the liquid crystal layer 30a of the liquid crystal layer 3 The orientation adjustment direction obtained by the electric field is used to stabilize the radial tilt orientation. This function of the protrusion 40 will now be described later with reference to Figs. 16A, 16] B, 16C, 16D, 17A and 17B. First, a liquid crystal layer 30a The relationship between orientation and the shape of a face with vertical alignment 16A, 16B, 16C, and 16D will be described later. As shown in Fig. 16A, the liquid crystal layer 3〇a, which must be located on a horizontal plane, utilizes an orientation adjustment force (usually a vertical pair) of the face having vertical alignment. a surface of the alignment layer is oriented perpendicular to the surface. When an electric field indicated by an equipotential line EQ perpendicular to the axial direction of the liquid crystal layer 3A is applied to the liquid crystal layer 3〇a in the vertical direction, the moment is Applied to the liquid crystal layer 3〇a, it is inclined in a clockwise direction or a counterclockwise direction with an equal probability. Accordingly, in the liquid crystal layer 30 between the opposite parallel plate-type electrodes, the moment is clockwise It is applied to part of the liquid crystal layer 30a, and is applied to the other liquid crystal layer in a counterclockwise direction. Therefore, the orientation which changes depending on the voltage applied through the liquid crystal layer 30 can sometimes not smoothly occur. As shown in Fig. 16B, A horizontal direction equipotential line EQ represents the electric field -42-I paper scale applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) '-一--- 1299810

When applied to a liquid crystal layer 3a perpendicular to an inclined surface, the liquid crystal layer 3a is slightly inclined in the direction of the equipotential line EQ (clockwise direction in the drawing). Further, as shown in Fig. 16C, a liquid crystal layer 3A perpendicular to the horizontal plane is inclined (10) in the direction of the other liquid crystal layer in the same direction as the inclined surface to facilitate the continuation (matching) of its orientation. As shown in Fig. 16D, in one of the irregular faces having a continuous trapezoidal cross section, the liquid crystal layer 3a of the fixed or top level is oriented to match the orientation of the liquid crystal layer 30a positioned on the inclined surface. direction. In the liquid crystal display device 200, the radial tilt orientation is stabilized by making the orientation adjustment direction derived from the shape of the face (the dog) coincide with the direction of the direction adjustment obtained by the oblique electric field. 17A and 17B show the state of being taken up by applying a voltage through the liquid crystal layer % of Fig. 15B, and in particular, Fig. 17A schematically shows the state in which the orientation of the liquid crystal layer 3a is started to change according to the voltage applied through the liquid crystal layer 30 ( That is, the initial state of 〇N) and FIG. 17B schematically show that the orientation of the liquid crystal layer 30a is changed in accordance with the applied voltage to obtain a state of solid state. In Figs. 17A and 17B, a line EQ indicates an equal electric potential line. When the pixel electrode 14 and the opposite electrode 22 have the same potential (i.e., when no voltage is applied through the liquid crystal layer 30), the liquid crystal layer 3a in the pixel region is perpendicular to the faces of the substrates 11 and 21 shown in Fig. 15B. Here, a liquid crystal layer 3〇a which is in contact with the vertical alignment layer (not shown) on the side surface 4〇s of the protrusion 4〇 is perpendicular to the side surface 4〇s, and a liquid crystal layer 30a located near the side surface 40s. Because of the interaction with the peripheral liquid crystal layer 3〇a (such as the nature of the same elastic material), it is inclined as shown. When a voltage is applied through the liquid crystal layer 30, the equipotential line of FIG. 17A is formed -43- This paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 public) 1299810 A7

The potential gradient of EQ indicates that the equipotential line is parallel to the liquid crystal layer 3 between the solid portion 14b of the pixel counter electrode 22, the surface of the inner body 14b and the opposite electrode 22, in a ^α| and corresponding to a pixel electrode 14 is lowered in the region of the opening 14a, and a tilting field represented by the inclined portion of the special potential line EQ is formed on the edge of the opening 14a (the periphery of the opening 14_the periphery including the boundary) Within 30 areas. Due to this oblique electric field, the liquid crystal layer 3〇a located on the edge EG is tilted (rotated) in the clockwise direction at the edge EG on the right side of the figure, and is on the left side of the figure. The portion EG is inclined in the counterclockwise direction, as shown above, so as to be parallel to the equipotential line EQ. The orientation adjustment direction obtained by the oblique electric field is consistent with the orientation adjustment direction obtained by the side surface 40s of each edge portion EG. As described above, when the orientation change from the start of the liquid crystal layer 3〇a positioned on the inclined portion of the equipotential line EQjt| is performed to obtain a fixed state, the orientation state shown in Fig. i7B can be obtained. Located near the center of the opening 14a, that is, near the center of the top surface 40t of the protrusion 4, the liquid crystal layer 30 is also affected by the orientation of the liquid crystal layer 30a positioned at the opposite edge portion EG of the opening, and thus remains perpendicular to, etc. Potential line EQ. The liquid crystal layer 30a away from the center of the opening 14a (i.e., the top surface 4〇t of the protrusion 40) is inclined due to the orientation of the liquid crystal layer 3〇a positioned at the closer edge portion EG, so as to be related to the opening. The center SA of the hole 14a (i.e., the top surface 4〇t of the protrusion 40) is symmetrical in inclination. Similarly, in a unit solid portion 14b corresponding to substantially surrounded by the opening 14a and the projection 40, it forms a symmetrical symmetry with respect to the center SA of the unit solid portion 14bf. Accordingly, also in the liquid crystal display device 200', the liquid crystal field having a radially oblique orientation is made corresponding to the opening 14a and the unit solid portion 14b, as in the -44- paper scale applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS). A4 size (210X 297 mm) Ϊ299810 V. Description of Invention (41) The liquid crystal display device 200 of Example 2 is used. Since the projections 4 are formed completely around the substantially circular unit solid portion 14b, a liquid crystal field is formed to correspond to a substantially circular region surrounded by the projections 40. Further, the side surface of the projection 40 provided in the opening 用于 is used to align the liquid crystal layer 30a positioned at the edge of the opening 14a so as to be inclined in an oblique direction in accordance with the orientation direction caused by the oblique electric field. Of course, the directional adjustment force obtained by the oblique electric field acts only under the application of voltage, and depends on the electric field strength (ie, the intensity of the applied voltage), according to which, when the electric field has a small intensity (ie, the applied voltage is low), the oblique electric field The directional adjustment force obtained is weak. Because & 'When the external force is applied to the LCD panel, the radial tilt orientation will be destroyed by the floating of the liquid crystal material. Once the radial tilt orientation is destroyed, the radial tilt orientation cannot be restored until a sufficiently high electric magic is applied. The electric field is tilted to exhibit a sufficiently strong directional adjustment force. On the contrary, the orientation adjustment force generated by the side surface 40s of the projection 40 is not related to the applied voltage, and the pot is strong to the anchoring effect of the alignment layer. According to this, even when the radial tilting is broken due to the floating of the liquid crystal material, the liquid crystal layer located near the protrusion 4()_4()s maintains its orientation direction the same as the radial tilt orientation. Therefore, when the floating of the liquid crystal material is stopped, the tilting orientation can be easily restored. Accordingly, the liquid crystal display device 2QQm of the modified embodiment of the second embodiment is the same as that of the liquid crystal display device 200 of the second embodiment, and is also

= giant m' liquid crystal display device is suitable for -PC fine A 4 ^ XC yoke plus a portable external portable device. When the protrusion 40 is made of a high-transparency dielectric, the protrusion 40 is advantageous for the paper size of the product (CNS) 45-1299810 A7 B7 for adding a liquid crystal corresponding to the opening 14a. Display of the field. On the other hand, when the protrusion 40 is made of an opaque dielectric material, the light leakage caused by the retardation of the inclined liquid crystal layer 30a can be advantageously avoided because of the protrusion 4〇 side surface 40s, which can be used according to the liquid crystal display device. Depending on the type of dielectric. In either case, when the dielectric is a photosensitive resin, the step of molding the dielectric in accordance with the pattern of the openings 14a can be advantageously simplified. In order to achieve a sufficient orientation adjustment force, when the liquid crystal layer 30 has a thickness of about 3 μm, the height of the protrusions 4 较佳 is preferably between about 0.5 μm and 2 μm. In general, the protrusion 40 preferably has a twist. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer 30 is between about 1/6 and 2/3. As described above, the liquid crystal display device 200 includes the dog 40 in the opening 14a of the pixel electrode 14, and the side surface 4〇s of the protrusion 40 has a control force, so that the liquid crystal layer 30a of the liquid crystal layer 30 can be tilted in the same direction. Orientation adjustment direction obtained by the electric field. A preferred state for the side 40s to adjust the direction of the tilting electric field in the same direction will now be described with reference to Figs. 18A, 1 8b and 1 8 C. 18A, 18B, and 18C are schematic cross-sectional views of liquid crystal display devices 2a, 2B, and 200C, respectively, which correspond to FIG. 17A, and liquid crystal display devices 200A, 200B, and 200C each have a protrusion in the opening 14a. The positional relationship between the entire protrusion 40 and the opening 14a of the single structure is different from that of the liquid crystal display device 200'. In the liquid crystal display device 200' described above, the entire projection 4 of the single structure is formed in the opening 14a, and the bottom of the projection 40 is smaller than the opening 14a shown in Fig. PA. In the liquid crystal display device 2A shown in Fig. 18A, the bottom of the protrusion 4A corresponds to the opening 14a, and in the liquid crystal display device 20 shown in Fig. 18B, the -46-I paper size is applicable to the Chinese country. Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 public ^-- 1299810 A7 B7 V. Invention description (43) The bottom of the dog 40B is larger than the opening 14a'. Therefore, the protrusion 40B covers a part of the solid portion (conductive film) on the circumferential side of the opening 14a. 14b. In each of the protrusions 40, 40A & 4b, the solid portion 14b is not formed on the side surface 40s, and therefore, the equipotential line EQ is flat on the shell body σ卩14b, and is in the opening 1 The inside of the 々a is lowered as shown in the respective figures. Accordingly, the side faces 40s of the protrusions 4A and 40B of the liquid crystal display devices 200A and 200B can exhibit an orientation adjustment force in the direction of the orientation adjustment of the oblique electric field, and the protrusion 40 Like the liquid crystal display device 200, in order to stabilize the radial tilt orientation. Conversely, the bottom of the protrusion 4〇c of the liquid crystal display device 2〇〇c shown in FIG. 1C is larger than the opening 14a, and a part of the peripheral side of the opening 14a. The solid portion 4b is formed on the side 40s of the protrusion 40C. Since the solid portion 14b is made on the side On 4〇s, a top ridge is formed on the equipotential line EQ, and the top ridge of the equipotential line Eq has a gradient and is opposite to the equipotential line Eq which is lowered in the opening 14a, that is, a tilting electric field is Conversely, it is generated in the direction of the oblique electric field in which the liquid crystal layer 30a is inclined. Accordingly, in order to obtain the side surface 40s, the orientation adjustment force is exhibited in the orientation adjustment direction which is the same as the oblique electric field, and the solid portion (conductive film) 14b is preferably not formed. It is formed on the side 40s. The cross-sectional structure of the protrusion 4〇 taken along line 18A-18A' of Fig. 15A will be described later with reference to Fig. 19. Since the protrusion 40 of Fig. 15 A is completely surrounded The above-mentioned outline circular unit solid portion 14b', and thus the portion for engaging the adjacent unit solid portion 14b, that is, the branch portion extending from the circular portion in four directions, is formed in the protrusion 40 shown in FIG. According to this, when the conductive film is deposited to form the entity #14b of the pixel electrode 14, there is a risk of disconnection on the dog 40, or it is most likely in the process -47-

1299810 A7 --------B7 V. Peeling occurs in the subsequent steps of the invention description (44). Therefore, as shown in the liquid crystal display device 2'd of Figs. 20A and 20B, a separate projection 40D is formed to be completely accommodated in the opening 14a, so that the conductive film of the body 414b is formed on the substrate. The flat surface of the crucible can avoid the danger of disconnection and peeling. Although the protrusions 4〇D are not formed completely around the above-described substantially circular unit solid portion 14b, a substantially circular liquid crystal field is correspondingly formed in the unit solid portion 14b, so as to be as stable as the above liquid crystal display device. Radial oblique orientation. The effect of forming the protrusion 40 in the opening 14a in a stable radial oblique orientation is exhibited not only in the opening i4a having the aforementioned pattern but also in the opening 14a having the pattern of the embodiment 2, and the same effect is obtained. It can be taken when using any pattern. In order to fully exhibit the effect of stabilizing the radial inclination to the external force of the protrusion, the pattern of the protrusion 40 (as viewed from the normal direction of the substrate) preferably has a shape to surround the liquid crystal layer 3 of the larger area as much as possible. . Accordingly, the effect of using the projections 40 to stabilize the orientation can be more prominently exhibited in, for example, a positive pattern having a circular unit solid portion 14bf instead of a negative pattern having a circular opening 14a. (Polarization Mode of Polarizing Plate and Phase Plate) In a conventional vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device which has a liquid crystal layer and liquid crystal molecules have a negative dielectric anisotropy and is vertical without voltage application, a display can be used in various display modes. For example, not only does a birefringence mode control the birefringence of the liquid crystal layer by an electric field to produce a display, but also an optical rotation mode and an optical rotation mode and a birefringence mode can be used as the display mode. When a pair of polarizing plates are provided in any of the liquids described in Examples 1 and 2 - 48- This paper is silver-scale applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 1299810 A7 --__ B7 V. Invention Description (~45—) When a pair of substrates (for example, a TFT substrate and an opposite substrate) on the outside of the crystal display device (ie, a surface not facing the liquid crystal layer 30), the material is obtained—the birefringence mode Liquid crystal display device. Likewise, a phase compensation device can be provided as necessary. Further, the liquid crystal display device which can be used for bright display can be obtained by using a substantially circular polarized light. Embodiment 3 A liquid crystal display device 3 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 21 = FIG. 21 is a top view of a pixel region of the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment, and FIG. 21 mainly discloses a pixel. The structure of the electrodes is omitted and some of the other components are omitted. The liquid crystal display device_ includes an active matrix substrate, a counter substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed therebetween. The active matrix substrate includes a transparent substrate (for example, a glass substrate), a pixel electrode 14 is provided in each pixel region on the surface of the transparent substrate facing the liquid crystal layer, and -TFT (Thin Film Transistor) 50 is used as a switching element to electrically It is connected to the pixel electrode 14. The opposite substrate includes a transparent substrate (e.g., a glass substrate) and an opposite electrode provided on one side thereof. The pixel electrode 14 and the opposite electrode are disposed opposite to each other with the liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween, and the liquid crystal layer orientation state in each pixel region changes with a voltage applied between the pixel electrode 14 and the opposite electrode. Referring to Fig. 21, the structure of the active matrix substrate of the liquid crystal display device 3 will be described later. The active matrix substrate includes an insulating substrate, and a scan line (gate bus line) 51, a gate 5〇 (} and a storage capacitor line 52 branched from the scan line 51. A gate insulating film system is disposed on the hill. Made to cover, a semi-conductor layer, this paper scale is suitable for the standard ® (CNS) Alii ^ X297 public official) -49- 1299810 A7

1299810 V. INSTRUCTION DESCRIPTION (47) = Wiring 54' has only sub-pixel electrodes that are subject to short-circuit defects... electrically disconnected, TFT 50' and keeps other sub-pixel electrodes 55 in gas connection with the catch (9). Fig. 22 is a conceptual diagram of a liquid crystal display device, which includes a pixel electrode, and has a plurality of sub-pixel electrodes electrically connected in parallel to the - switching element 50. The liquid electrode day 14 does not break 300 pixel electrode 14 includes N sub-pixel electrodes (1) to XI)'. In FIG. 22, a solid line extending between the switching element 5 〇 and each sub-pixel electrode or between the sub-pixel electrodes They are connected to each other. 'I do not install the 3GG' sub-pixel electrodes (1) to (N) are electrically connected in parallel to the switching element 50, so even when a short-circuit defect occurs in any of the pixel electrodes, only the sub-pixels suffering from the short-circuit defect The electrode is electrically disconnected from the switching element 50 and maintains an electrical connection between the other sub-pixel electrode and the switching element 5A. For example, if the short-circuit defect occurs in the hatched sub-pixel electrode (4) of FIG. 22, then # The electrical connection between the disconnected sub-pixel electrode (4) and the switching element 5 ' 'only the sub-pixel electrode ( 4 ) is electrically disconnected from the switching element 5 〇. According to ^, all other sub-pixel electrodes after the repair are helpful for display, Thus, the display of the surface quality is obtained. The defect repaired in the liquid crystal display device 300 of the present embodiment is, for example, implemented as follows: First, a pixel region having display defects is specified in the plurality of pixel regions, and in the designated pixel region. The sub-pixel electrode 55s that is subjected to the short-circuit defect is specified in the plurality of sub-pixel electrodes 55, and the processing of the pixel region and the sub-pixel electrode 55s is performed by, for example, using an optical microscope or a magnification. Execution. This paper scale is applicable to S® Household Fresh (CNS) A4 specification (2 grab 297 public property) -51 1299810 V. Invention description (Better second, the designated sub-pixel electrode 55s is electrically disconnected from a TFT by truncation The α, I knife connection line 昭 射 而 _ the connection line 54 is cut off by, for example, a laser beam, and is performed using a mine. 4 The cut of the first beam can be appropriately selected from the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment by a conventional technique. 〇 可 300 can be made by any conventional manufacturing method / night display device 3 〇〇 can have _ έ 播 broadcast. — , , , '" constituting ' can be similar to the embodiment 1 liquid crystal display device 1GG In the same manner, when the liquid crystal display device 300 has an electrode structure and the liquid crystal layer is tilted in the direction of the k direction as in the liquid crystal display device of the second embodiment, the pixel openings are corresponding to the pixel electrodes. The liquid crystal layer region contributes to the display, so that a bright display can be achieved. Accordingly, the present invention provides a liquid crystal display device which can pass through a pixel electrode to repair display defects caused by short-circuit defects;

All of the defects are displayed like Xin, W 豕 and 缺陷 for a defect repair method for use in a liquid crystal display device. -52- This paper scale applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 publicly A7 B7 T299810 V. Invention description (49) [Main component symbol description] 11 Transparent substrate 14 Pixel electrode 14a Opening 14b Solid portion 14b, Unit solid portion 14A to 141 pixel electrode 2 1 transparent substrate 22 opposite electrode 30 liquid crystal layer 30a liquid crystal layer 40, 40A to 40C protrusion 40s side surface 40t top surface 50 TFT (switching element) 50D drain 50G gate 50S source 5 1 scan Line (gate bus line) 52 Storage capacitor line 5 3 Signal line (source bus line) 54 Connection line 5 5 Sub-pixel electrode 55 5 5, Sub-pixel electrode -53 This paper scale applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 size (210X297 mm) A7 B7 1299810 V. Description of the invention (50) 56 Contact portion 56, disconnecting portion 57 Contact hole 100 Liquid crystal display device 100f Liquid crystal display device 200, 200A to 200C Liquid crystal display device 200* Liquid crystal display device 200a TFT substrate 200b relative to substrate 300 Liquid crystal display device-54- This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm)

Claims (1)

1299810, the patent application scope A B c D wherein at least a portion of the plurality of openings has substantially the same shape and the same size, and at least one unit lattice is formed to have rotational symmetry. The liquid crystal display device of claim 3, wherein at least part of the plurality of openings has a rotationally symmetric shape. 5. The liquid crystal display device of claim 3, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of openings are substantially circular. The liquid crystal display device of claim 3, wherein each of the regions of the solid portion surrounded by at least a portion of the plurality of openings is substantially circular. The liquid crystal display device of claim 2, wherein in each of the plurality of pixel regions, the total area of the plurality of openings of the pixel electrode is smaller than the area of the solid portion of the pixel electrode. The liquid crystal display device of claim 2, wherein each of the plurality of openings further comprises a protrusion, wherein the shape of the protrusion taken along the plane of the substrate is the same as the shape of the corresponding opening, and One side of the dog has an orientation adjustment force, and the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer are oriented in the same direction as the orientation adjustment direction obtained by the oblique electric field. A defect repairing method for a liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal display device includes a first a substrate; a second substrate; a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a plurality of pixel regions for generating a display; and in each of the plurality of pixel regions, a pixel electrode is provided for the first The substrate faces one side of the liquid crystal layer, and a switching element is charged. -2- The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 1299810 A8 B8 C8 π, the patent application Fan Park sighs between the f I board and the second substrate; a plurality of pixel regions for generating - embossing each of the plurality of pixel regions t - the pixel electrode is provided on the first substrate facing the liquid crystal layer On one side, and one, the switching device is electrically connected to the pixel electrode; the pixel electrode includes a plurality of sub-pixel electrodes electrically connected in parallel to the switching element, and the defect repairing method comprises the following steps: · in the plurality of pixel regions Designating a pixel region having a display defect, and designating a shorted sub-pixel electrode among the plurality of sub-pixel electrodes in the designated pixel region; and electrically disconnecting the designated sub-pixel electrode from the switching element, and maintaining the designation The electrical connection between the plurality of sub-pixel electrodes outside the sub-pixel electrodes and the switching element. a