1295722 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術销域】 厂本發明係將瓦斯加熱器配合儲水H :的熱水供應控制外，並能提供 二路所施 ，供應熱水’或由儲水桶供應熱水二L即時迅 【先前技術】 b# 般瓦斯熱水盗是直接以瓦斯燃燒對水力轨而 但因無法提供大量的儲熱水，以二==供熱 ::的功能’故有儲熱式電熱水器的誕生，而該儲執：用 ;、、水器除能係利用電能對水加熱外，最主要是它配：式電 :水桶，即把加熱的水預儲於保溫的 了〜 巧水供多數人同時使用，^ 缺失’不過卻有加熱速度心 笑地生 使用人數少會造成浪費能源及停電時無法枯 处二•然則述之瓦斯熱水器加熱節省能源”i電昧用 使用及可以即時迅速提供熱 寺仍 點即是無法提供大量的儲熱水，以提供多數人缺 水的功能。 使用熱 00430^5^^ 5 唬儲水式瓦斯熱水調節器」，其係配人〜第 斯L而組成水路連通狀態，其係於殼财設置儲水柄'瓦 ^棒插人儲水財，循環泵浦之管體亦插人儲水桶^控 壤泵浦可藉由循環水f連接至瓦斯爐^盾 水管盥淮★技丄 且循環 入水管，入^接處設置逆止閥，瓦斯爐出水管末端設置 入水管貫穿入儲水桶中，且儲水桶中彀 5 1295722 穿出殼體；或如公告第00430050號「瓦斯熱水蒸之水溫溫 度穩定裝置」，其主要係在瓦斯熱水器冷水輪入管處接設 一三通歧管，並於歧管的一端口處組設一趣瞢 ^ Β，該迴官的 另端則連設至一熱水桶的底部，再於當處設〜押制電路， 該控制電路上連設有電磁閥、抽水馬達及二工彳=⑪界、、四产 不同的溫度控制開關，就該電磁閥及抽水馬達係％於瓦斯 熱水裔的熱水輸出管上，且該熱水輸出管的〜端並組接於 熱水桶的上端，而熱水桶上端則再設立另一輪出水管，另 該二溫度控制開關係設於熱水桶上。& 藉此，利用控制電路、溫度控制開關、電磁闕、邦浦 、儲水桶及管路的設置，使具有隨時提供大量供多數 人同時使用及瓦斯熱水!I加熱迅速之優點，且 量低而深具經濟效益，非常適合瓦難水器的輔 的問口，斯熱水器的穩定㈣置，仍有下列 計，1當用Tf:當初便考慮可供多少人使用的設 至設定的溫度：::株运是會將整個儲水桶内的水加熱 ，但時間-久便會^桶内的大量熱水無法使用完畢 費能源；因J:盔生m啫水桶内的熱水熱能散失掉，造成浪 加熱及供水槿應使甩人數之多募，而提供有效率的 —樣無法解決選擇及控制，乃與目前f用電熱水器 2.同样、:月存在的能源浪費缺失。 ° “吏用熱水的人數眾多（超出可供多少人使 1295722 · /用的人數）或遇上寒冷的天候，且多人同時使用熱水時， 因瓦斯熱水器的加熱速度跟不上熱水溫度下降的速度，故 儲水桶内的熱水水溫便會迅速下降，此時若水溫下降至不 堪使用時，尤其洗澡洗到一半，便會有愈洗愈冷的窘境， 且後面使用者必須等待一段時間，使水溫逐漸昇高後才使 ^ 用，但水溫回昇後，尚未使用者又只剩下沒幾個人，還是 " 會有儲水桶内的大量熱水無法使用完畢，與目前習用電熱 春水器一樣無法解決長期存在的使用不便及浪費能源之缺失 0 3 ·再者，在熱水器的使用間隔時間很長、且使用的人 數又非常少時，在上述瓦斯熱水器的結構狀態下，如果不 想利用抽水馬達來循環加熱儲水桶内的水溫時，或許瓦斯 熱水器仍能保有原來的功能而供應熱水，但其並非直接供 水給使用者，而是把水加熱後而供入儲水桶内，然後再由 儲水桶供出熱水給使用者，所以使用者根本無法選擇使用 • 由瓦斯熱水器直接供出熱水，而且當儲水桶内原本就是冷 水時，由瓦斯熱水器供入儲水桶内的熱水必須與冷水混合 後，才會由儲水桶供出使用，故由儲水桶之初期一段時間 所供出的水，會是冷水或不夠熱的熱水，因此使用者根本 無法馬上使用而必須先等候一段時間，待水溫逐漸昇高後 才使用，這樣反而造成熱水使用不便及只使用少量熱水， 卻加熱了整個儲水桶的水，造成瓦斯的浪費。 【發明内容】 1295722 緣是’為了改善前述裝置無法因應使用人數之多寡， 而提供有效率的加熱及供水模式可供選擇及控制等問題， 而本發明所採行的技術手法係分別設有一瓦斯加熱器及儲 水桶’令瓦斯加熱器的入水口及出水口處各別接設一導流 =及一回流管至儲水桶，且令該導流管及回流管上分別裝 5又有邦浦及止逆元件，同時又在位於邦浦後侧的導流管上 及位於止逆元件前侧的回流管上，分別接設一中間設有止 籲逆兀件而伸入儲水桶内的入水管，及一中間設有開關闕的 而供出熱水的供水管，同時再令供水管上又接設一設中間 设有另一開關閥而伸入儲水桶内的熱水導管者。 因此，藉由上述本發明之使用者，可依使用間隔時的 长丑及人數之夕寡，任意設定要採用完全由瓦斯加熱器加 熱後直接供應熱水的模式，或採用預先加熱财桶内的水 而間接供應熱水，並會視儲水_的水溫若低於預設溫度 範圍值，而自動切換成由瓦斯加熱器加熱後直接供水的^ 式’所以不同加熱模式的控制除了可供使用者選擇外，更 令使用者完全不會使用到冷水或溫度不足的熱水。 另，可有效利用儲水桶内尚有餘溫的溫^之水進行加 熱，而令加熱速度迅速、節省瓦斯燃料，㈣ 符合經濟的狀況下運作，達到省電的目的。 取 圖，而獲 是以，本發明可藉由下列的實施例並配合附 得充分的了解，並據以實施·· 【實施方式】 敬請參閱第-圖所示，本發明係包括L熱器^ 1295722 , 及一設有進水管21的儲水桶2，使水在儲水桶2供出水時 ，而能經由進水管21隨時不斷地補充入該儲水桶2内，且 在進水管21上設有進水偵測元件22，並令儲水桶2内設 有偵測水溫的感測器（圖中未示），復令瓦斯加熱器1的 入水口與儲水桶2之間接設一導流管31，並在導流管31 v 上裝設有一邦浦4，而再令瓦斯加熱器1的出水口與儲水 * 桶2之間接設一回流管32，且在回流管32上裝設一止逆 _ 元件52 〇 又，在邦浦4後端的導流管31上接設一伸入儲水桶2 内的入水管33，並在入水管33上裝設一止逆元件51，而 在回流管32之位於止逆元件52的前端處接設一供水管34 ，並令該供水管34上裝設一開關閥61，同時再令供水管 34之位於前述開關閥61的後端處，再接設一伸入儲水桶2 内的熱水導管35，且在該熱水導管35上裝設另一開關閥 62。 • 故當熱水器的使用為長時間的少數人時，為了節省能 源或使用上的便利性與即時性，可以令熱水導管35上的開 關閥62關閉，而供水管34上的開關閥61打開，水在從進 水管21進入儲水桶2内後，再由桶内之入水管33而經導 流管31進入瓦斯加熱器1進行加熱後，從回流管32而經 供水管34流出供應所須的熱水，所以此種用水的方式就如 同一般由瓦斯加熱器1加熱後而直接供出熱水，適用於少 數人之即時供應熱水的功能。 請再參閱第二圖所示，如果事先預知使用熱水器的時 1295722 =且使用間隔時隨短，且同時使用的人數較多時，可 ==之前’：切換熱水導管35上的開關闕62呈 而在德^ 9而供水& Μ上的開關閥61呈關閉的狀態， 内:_側器’若偵^1295722 IX. Description of invention: [Technical sales field to which the invention belongs] The invention is based on the combination of the hot water supply control of the gas heater H: and the supply of hot water or the storage tank. Supply hot water two L instant speed [previous technology] b# GM gas hot water thief is directly burning gas to the water rail but because it can not provide a large amount of hot water storage, with the second == heating function:: The birth of the hot electric water heater, and the storage: use;, water purifiers use electric energy to heat the water, the most important thing is: electric: bucket, that is, the heated water is pre-stored in the heat preservation ~ Qiaoshui is used by most people at the same time, ^ is missing 'but there is a heating speed, and the number of people who use it is low, which will result in wasted energy and no power when power failure. 2. The gas heater heating saves energy. And the hot temple can be provided immediately and quickly. It is impossible to provide a large amount of hot water storage to provide the function of most people lacking water. Use hot 00430^5^^ 5 唬 water storage type gas hot water regulator", which is equipped with People ~ Di S and form a waterway company State, which is tied to the shell money storage water storage handle 'Wa ^ stick inserts people to save water, the circulating pump body is also inserted into the water tank ^ Controlled soil pump can be connected to the gas stove by the circulating water f ^ shield water pipe ★Technically circulate and enter the water pipe, set the check valve at the inlet and outlet, and set the inlet pipe into the water storage tank at the end of the gas outlet of the gas furnace, and 彀5 1295722 in the water storage tank to pass through the casing; or as Announcement No. 00430050 Gas water temperature and temperature stabilization device for steaming hot water, which mainly connects a three-way manifold at the inlet of the gas water heater cold water wheel, and sets up an interesting 瞢^ 于 at one port of the manifold. The other end is connected to the bottom of a hot water tank, and then the arbitrage circuit is set up at the same place. The control circuit is connected with a solenoid valve, a pumping motor and a second working 彳=11 boundary, and four different temperature control switches. The solenoid valve and the pumping motor are on the hot water outlet pipe of the gas hot water, and the end of the hot water outlet pipe is connected to the upper end of the hot water bucket, and the upper end of the hot water bucket is set up another round. The water pipe, and the other two temperature control relationship are arranged on the hot water tank. & Thereby, the use of control circuit, temperature control switch, electromagnetic sputum, Bangpu, water storage tank and pipeline settings, so that there is a large number of people at the same time to provide a large number of people at the same time and gas hot water! I heating quickly, and the amount Low and very economical, it is very suitable for the auxiliary problem of the water tanker. The stability of the water heater is still the following. 1 When using Tf: I will consider how many people can use it to set the temperature. :::Shen Yun will heat the water in the whole bucket, but the time-long time will be a lot of hot water in the bucket can not be used to complete the energy; because J: helmet hot water heat in the bucket lost The wave heating and water supply should cause the number of people to raise more, and provide efficient - can not solve the choice and control, and the current f electric water heater 2. Same: the lack of energy waste in the month. ° “The number of people who use hot water is large (exceeding the number of people available for 1295722 · / use) or when it is cold, and when many people use hot water at the same time, the heating rate of the gas heater cannot keep up with the hot water. The temperature drops, so the temperature of the hot water in the bucket will drop rapidly. At this time, if the water temperature drops to the point where it can not be used, especially if the bath is washed halfway, there will be a colder and more dilemma, and the latter user must Wait for a while, so that the water temperature gradually rises before use, but after the water temperature rises, there are still only a few people left in the user, or "there will be a lot of hot water in the water tank can not be used, with At present, the use of electric hot spring water can not solve the long-term inconvenience of use and the lack of wasted energy. 0 3 · In addition, when the water heater is used for a long time and the number of people used is very small, in the structural state of the above gas water heater If you do not want to use the pumping motor to circulate and heat the water temperature in the water tank, the gas water heater may still retain the original function and supply hot water, but it is not directly supplied to the water. The user heats the water and supplies it into the water storage tank, and then supplies the hot water to the user from the water storage tank, so the user cannot choose to use it directly. • The water heater directly supplies the hot water, and when the water storage tank is originally used, When it is cold water, the hot water supplied to the water storage tank by the gas water heater must be mixed with the cold water before it is supplied and used by the water storage tank. Therefore, the water supplied from the initial period of the water storage tank may be cold water or heat that is not hot enough. Water, so users can't use it right away and must wait for a while, and then use it until the water temperature rises gradually. This will cause inconvenient use of hot water and use only a small amount of hot water, but it will heat the water in the whole bucket. The waste of gas. [Abstract] 1295722 The edge is 'to improve the number of people in the above-mentioned devices, and to provide efficient heating and water supply modes to choose and control, and the technical techniques adopted by the present invention. There is a gas heater and a water storage tank respectively to make a gas flow at the water inlet and the outlet of the gas heater. The flow tube is connected to the water storage tank, and the flow guiding tube and the returning tube are respectively equipped with a state and a backing element, and at the same time, the flow tube on the back side of the state and the back side of the non-return element On the pipe, a water inlet pipe is provided in the middle of the water tank, and a water supply pipe is provided in the middle of the water tank, and the water supply pipe is connected to the water supply pipe. A hot water conduit extending into the water storage tank is provided with another on-off valve. Therefore, the user of the present invention can be arbitrarily set according to the length of the use interval and the number of people. The mode of directly supplying hot water after being heated by the gas heater, or indirectly supplying hot water by preheating the water in the barrel, and automatically switching according to the water temperature of the storage water being lower than the preset temperature range value. It is a kind of water that is directly supplied by the gas heater. Therefore, the control of different heating modes can be used by the user, and the user does not use cold water or hot water with insufficient temperature. In addition, it can effectively use the temperature of the water in the water storage tank for heating, so that the heating speed is fast, the gas fuel is saved, and (4) it operates in an economical state to achieve the purpose of power saving. The present invention can be implemented by the following embodiments and with sufficient understanding, and is implemented according to the embodiment. Please refer to the first embodiment, the present invention includes L heat. And the water storage tank 2 provided with the water inlet pipe 21, so that when the water is supplied from the water storage tank 2, the water can be continuously replenished into the water storage tank 2 via the water inlet pipe 21, and is provided on the water inlet pipe 21 There is a water detecting component 22, and a sensor (not shown) for detecting the water temperature is arranged in the water storage tank 2, and a diversion flow is connected between the water inlet of the gas heater 1 and the water storage tank 2. a tube 31 is mounted on the draft tube 31 v, and a backflow tube 32 is connected between the water outlet of the gas heater 1 and the water storage tank 2, and is installed on the return tube 32. In addition, an inflow pipe 33 extending into the water storage tank 2 is connected to the draft tube 31 at the rear end of the Bangpu 4, and a non-returning element 51 is mounted on the water inlet pipe 33, and A water supply pipe 34 is connected to the front end of the returning pipe 32 at the front end of the non-returning element 52, and an opening and closing valve 61 is mounted on the water supply pipe 34, and the water supply pipe 34 is again placed. At the rear end of the aforementioned opening and closing valve 61, a hot water conduit 35 extending into the water storage tank 2 is connected, and another switching valve 62 is mounted on the hot water conduit 35. • When the use of the water heater is a long time, in order to save energy or ease of use and immediacy, the on-off valve 62 on the hot water conduit 35 can be closed, and the on-off valve 61 on the water supply pipe 34 is opened. After the water enters the water storage tank 2 from the water inlet pipe 21, it is heated by the water inlet pipe 33 in the water tank and enters the gas heater 1 through the draft pipe 31, and then flows out from the return pipe 32 through the water supply pipe 34. The hot water is so that the water is supplied directly to the hot water after being heated by the gas heater 1, and is suitable for the immediate supply of hot water by a few people. Please refer to the second figure. If you know in advance that the water heater is 1295722 = and the interval is short, and the number of people using it is large, you can == before: switch the switch on the hot water pipe 35阙62 The on-off valve 61 on the water supply & 呈 is in a closed state, and the inside: _ side device
It 的溫度為65ΐ，水溫下降2。〇就 二加熱。”就會啟動邦浦4把儲水桶2内的水由導流管 吸入瓦斯加熱器1内進行加熱後，再經回流管32汽回 儲水桶2内’直__水溫達到預設的水溫後，就:停 止循環加熱的動作’如此儲水桶2内的熱水就可以隨^共 應給使用者。 敬請再參閱第三圖所示，所以當開始使用熱水時，儲 水桶2内的熱水會由熱水導管35流入供水管34，供應熱 水給使用者，同時冷水也會不斷地由進水管2丨補充/入^诸水 桶2内，因此儲水桶2内的水溫便會下降，且因水溫感侧 器係裝設於進水管21之人水處，其水溫下降2ΐ就^啟動 邦浦4把儲水桶2内的水由導流管31吸入瓦斯加熱器丄内 進行加熱後，再經回流管32流回儲水桶2内，但因水溫加 熱速度跟不上熱水使用之水溫下降的速度，故儲水桶2内 的水溫會逐漸下降，直到桶内的水溫下降至另一預設的溫 度以下時（約4(TC)，且仍有使用者繼續用水時，、^水^ 21上所設的進水偵測元件22，會偵測到持續有水補充入^ 水桶2内’此時為避免使用者使用到溫度不夠的熱水，就 會再令㈣4停止運轉，另使熱水導管35上的開^閥^ 關閉’而供水管34上的開關閥61打開，讓儲水桶2内尚 1295722 有餘溫的熱水進人水管33而經導流f 3l進人瓦斯加私哭 1進行加熱後’從回流管32而經供水管34流出，直接、供° 應所須的熱水（此狀態就如第_圖所示）；因此，利用相 較於水源之水溫還高的儲水桶2内之餘溫熱水進行加教， 不但可以增快水的加熱速度、迅速供應熱水，使熱水的供 應不會因儲水桶2内的水溫下降而導致使用者使用到 ，同時亦可節省瓦斯及不必要電力能源的浪費。? 如，延續上述情況’在間隔沒有使用熱水的期間 即進水管21上的進水價測元件22會測得沒有冷水補充入 儲水桶2内’則會令熱水導管％上的開關62又切 打開的狀態，而供水管34上的開關閥6 i 的 (如f二圖所示之狀態），並啟動邦浦4令進行 2内1水的循環加熱，以供應給使用者使用。 的特本發明基於上述的結構與控制情形，具有下列 壞使人數的多寡或使㈣隔時_長短，都 熱水，不會有、、二且都能在最經濟的狀況下加熱 料之目的情形發生，使能達·省瓦斯燃 或使^峨熱水， 性與實用性大為提昇了/使用的遠擇性、便利 度）3=1錄水桶内之餘溫熱水（高於室溫下之進# “瓦斯加熱器進行加熱供應熱水，進而 1295722 熱效能的發揮、更能迅速 p 4.本發明料省瓦斯 僅少數人使用熱水，於假 伤相當適用，因平常时 熱水，本發明便可滿足上述之需2多數人同時大量使用 制上=所，，本發明之結構、管路及控 加熱，或增加瓦斯加_ i直接#=^桶2内之水的循環 石 士 4力”、、口口1直接供應熱水的流量，以利於 瓦斯加熱盗1直接供應熱水時可多人同時使用。 其,’再如第五圖所示，其中在供水管34與軌水導 官35之間改W-雙向開關閥63 ’來切換熱水係直接從 瓦斯加熱器1經回流管32而由供水管34排出，*… 水桶2經熱水導管35而由供水管34排出，故是:== 向開關閥63來取代兩個單向開關閥61，62者。 又 儘管’上述的實施例已對本發明有較佳之具體化的揭 露與詳述，皆為熟悉該項技術人士者所能清楚了解，而其 所做的各種型式及方法局部的改變，應都是沒有脫離本發 明精神與範·。 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖係本發明的構造及直接使用瓦斯加熱器的示意圖 第二圖係本發明使用儲水桶内之熱水的示意圖。 第三圖係本發明儲水桶内之水的循環加熱示意圖。 第四圖係本發明另一較佳之實施例的示意圖。 12 1295722 第五圖係本發明又一實施例的示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 瓦斯加熱器 2 儲水桶 21 22 進水偵測元件 31 導流管 32 33 入水管 34 供水管 35 4 邦浦 51,52 止逆元件 61,62 63 雙向開關閥 進水管 回流管 熱水導管 開關閥The temperature of It is 65 ΐ and the water temperature drops by 2. 〇On the second heating. "It will start the water in the water storage tank 2 of the Bangpu 4 and be sucked into the gas heater 1 by the draft tube to be heated, and then returned to the water storage tank 2 through the return pipe 32. The water temperature reaches the preset water. After the temperature, it is: stop the heating action of the circulation 'The hot water in the water storage tank 2 can be given to the user. Please refer to the third figure, so when starting to use hot water, the water storage tank 2 The hot water inside will flow into the water supply pipe 34 from the hot water pipe 35, and supply hot water to the user, and the cold water will be continuously replenished/into the water tank 2 by the water inlet pipe 2, so the water temperature in the water storage tank 2 It will fall, and because the water temperature sensor is installed in the water of the inlet pipe 21, the water temperature drops by 2 ^, and the water in the water storage tank 2 is started to be sucked into the gas heater by the draft tube 31. After heating in the crucible, it flows back into the water storage tank 2 through the return pipe 32. However, since the water temperature heating speed cannot keep up with the speed of the water temperature of the hot water use, the water temperature in the water storage tank 2 gradually decreases until When the water temperature in the barrel drops below another preset temperature (about 4 (TC), and there are still users who continue to use water, ^ water ^ The water inlet detecting element 22 set on 21 detects that there is continuous water replenishment into the water tank 2. In order to prevent the user from using the hot water with insufficient temperature, the four (4) 4 will stop running. The opening valve on the hot water pipe 35 is closed and the on-off valve 61 on the water supply pipe 34 is opened, so that the hot water in the water storage tank 2 is still 1295722, and the hot water entering the water pipe 33 is introduced into the gas tank through the diversion f 3l After the private crying 1 is heated, it flows out from the return pipe 32 through the water supply pipe 34, and directly supplies the hot water required for the reaction (this state is as shown in Fig. _); therefore, the water temperature is compared with the water source. The high temperature hot water in the high water storage tank 2 is taught, not only can increase the heating speed of the water, but also supply the hot water quickly, so that the supply of hot water does not cause the user to drop the temperature of the water in the water storage tank 2. When used, it can also save waste of gas and unnecessary electric energy. For example, to continue the above situation, the water inflow measuring component 22 on the inlet pipe 21 during the period when no hot water is used at intervals will be measured without cold water replenishment. The inside of the water storage tank 2 will cause the switch 62 on the hot water pipe % to be opened again. And the on-off valve 6 i on the water supply pipe 34 (as shown in the figure of FIG. 2), and starts the Bangpu 4 to perform the circulating heating of 2 waters for 1 to be supplied to the user. The above structure and control situation, with the following number of bad people or (4) interval _ length, both hot water, there will be no, and both can be heated under the most economical conditions, enabling达·省瓦斯燃或使峨 hot water, sexual and practical greatly improved / use of the choice, convenience) 3 = 1 record in the bucket of hot water (higher than room temperature into the # "The gas heater is heated to supply hot water, and then the heat efficiency of 1295722 is more rapid. 4. The invention saves gas. Only a few people use hot water, which is quite suitable for false injuries. Because of the usual hot water, the present invention It can meet the above needs. 2 Most people use the system at the same time, the structure, the pipeline and the control heating of the present invention, or increase the circulation of the water in the gas _ i direct #=^ barrel 2 , mouth 1 directly supply hot water flow, in order to facilitate gas heating stolen 1 direct supply of heat When people can simultaneously use. And, as shown in the fifth figure, wherein the W-bidirectional switch valve 63' is changed between the water supply pipe 34 and the rail water guide 35 to switch the hot water system directly from the gas heater 1 through the return pipe 32 to supply water. The tube 34 is discharged, *... The water tub 2 is discharged by the water supply pipe 34 via the hot water pipe 35, so that: == The two-way switching valves 61, 62 are replaced by the switching valve 63. In addition, the above embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed and described in detail, which can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art, and the various changes in the various types and methods are Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The first drawing is a schematic view of the construction of the present invention and the direct use of a gas heater. The second drawing is a schematic view of the present invention using hot water in a water storage tank. The third figure is a schematic diagram of the circulation heating of the water in the water storage tank of the present invention. The fourth drawing is a schematic view of another preferred embodiment of the present invention. 12 1295722 The fifth drawing is a schematic view of still another embodiment of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 1 Gas heater 2 Water storage tank 21 22 Water inlet detecting element 31 Diversion pipe 32 33 Inlet pipe 34 Water supply pipe 35 4 Bangpu 51, 52 Inverting element 61, 62 63 Two-way switch valve inlet pipe Return pipe hot water pipe switch valve
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