12908491290849
、發明說明（/ 發明之領域 本發明槪括地關於包含一個可產生氫氣之燃料處理器 的燃料處理系統，關於一個包含燃料處理器和一個燃料電 '池堆疊的燃料電池系統，以及尤其關於可用於燃料處理系 統之改良的燃料處理器、燃料電池系統和含彼之裝置。 發明背景 燃料處理系統具有一個燃料處理器，可由如含碳原料 之一般燃料產生氫氣或高氫氣含量氣體。燃料電池系統包 含一個燃料處理器和一個燃料電池堆疊，可以由氫氣產生 電流。當燃料處理器產生的氫氣或高氫氣含量的氣體被送 入燃料電池堆疊的陽極區且空氣被送入燃料電池堆疊的陰 極區時，電流將產生。 發明槪要 本發明關於燃料處理器和含有一個燃料處理器的燃料 處理與燃料電池系統，以及關於含彼之裝置。此燃料處理 器可由如水與可爲一種或數種碳氫化合物或醇類的含碳原 料當中至少一者的進料物流來產生產物氫氣流。在某些實 施例中，這燃料處理器屬於一種蒸汽重組器，它含有一個 利用壓力驅動的分離方法純化重組物流的分離區。在某些 實施例中，此燃料處理器包含一個過濾器組，可以在重組 物流進入分離區前除去其中的粒子。在某些實施例中，此 燃料處理器包含一個或數個匣式元件，可以方便拆卸和更 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates generally to a fuel processing system including a fuel processor capable of generating hydrogen, with respect to a fuel cell system including a fuel processor and a fuel cell stack, and particularly BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A fuel processing system has a fuel processor that can produce hydrogen or a high hydrogen content gas from a general fuel such as a carbonaceous feedstock. A fuel processor and a fuel cell stack are included, which can generate current from hydrogen. When hydrogen or high hydrogen content gas generated by the fuel processor is sent to the anode region of the fuel cell stack and air is sent to the cathode region of the fuel cell stack. The present invention relates to a fuel processor and a fuel processing and fuel cell system including a fuel processor, and to a device comprising the same. The fuel processor may be, for example, water and may be one or more carbons At least one of hydrogen-containing or alcohol-containing carbonaceous materials One of the feed streams produces a product hydrogen stream. In some embodiments, the fuel processor is a steam reformer that contains a separation zone for purifying the recombination stream using a pressure driven separation process. In certain embodiments The fuel processor includes a filter set that removes particles therein before the recombination stream enters the separation zone. In some embodiments, the fuel processor includes one or more jaw elements for easy disassembly and replacement. This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (please read the notes on the back and fill out this page)
n immmm tlmm n i^i §mmt n 1 n mma§ ^1· I A7 1290849 __ B7_ ---_ 五、發明說明（1 ) 換。在某些實施例中，此燃料處理器包含一個空氣輸途系 統，可以調整此燃料處理器的操作溫度。 ~ 圖示簡單說明 圖1係根據本發明之包含一個燃料處理器的燃料_、池 系統的圖示說明。 圖2係圖1中燃料電池系統的另一實施例的圖示 〇 圖3係適合用於圖1和圖2中燃料電池系統的燃 理器的圖示說明。 圖4係圖3中燃料處理器的另一實施例的圖示說明。 圖5係根據本發明且包含一個過濾器組之燃料處理^ 的另一實施例的圖示說明。 圖6係包含一個過濾器組之燃料處理器的剖面圖。 圖7係適用於根據本發明之燃料處理器的一個薄膜模 組的立體分解等角視圖。 圖8係適用於圖7中薄膜模組的一個薄膜包封的立體 分解等角視圖。 圖9係根據本發明的一個匣式燃料處理器的圖示說明 〇 圖10係根據本發明的另一個匣式燃料處理器的剖面圖 0 圖11係根據本發明的另一個匣式燃料處理器的剖面圖 0 4 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公楚1 一 " Γ请先閱讀背面之>i意事項再填寫本頁)n immmm tlmm n i^i §mmt n 1 n mma§ ^1· I A7 1290849 __ B7_ ---_ V. Description of invention (1) Change. In some embodiments, the fuel processor includes an air transport system that adjusts the operating temperature of the fuel processor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is an illustration of a fuel system and a pool system including a fuel processor in accordance with the present invention. Figure 2 is an illustration of another embodiment of the fuel cell system of Figure 1. Figure 3 is an illustration of a fuel cell suitable for use in the fuel cell system of Figures 1 and 2. 4 is an illustration of another embodiment of the fuel processor of FIG. Figure 5 is an illustration of another embodiment of a fuel treatment according to the present invention and including a filter bank. Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a fuel processor including a filter bank. Figure 7 is a perspective exploded isometric view of a film module suitable for use in a fuel processor in accordance with the present invention. Figure 8 is a perspective exploded isometric view of a film encapsulation suitable for use in the film module of Figure 7. Figure 9 is a schematic illustration of a 燃料-type fuel processor in accordance with the present invention. Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of another 燃料-type fuel processor in accordance with the present invention. Figure 11 is another 匣-type fuel processor in accordance with the present invention. Sectional view 0 4 This paper scale applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public Chu 1 " ΓPlease read the back of the >i meanings and then fill out this page)
m n n I I n n n^OJa I ϋ I I ϋ ϋ I I p 1290849 A7 __B7__ 五、發明說明（3 ) 圖12係根據本發明的另一個匣式燃料處理器的剖面圖 α 〇 圖13係根據本發明的另一個匣式燃料處理器的剖面圖 〇 圖14係根據本發明的另一個匣式燃料處理器的剖面圖 元件符號說明 10燃料電池系統 12燃料處理器 14產物氫氣流 16進料流 17進料流輸送系統 18含碳原料 20水 22燃料電池堆疊 23尾板 24燃料電池 25耗能裝置 26進料流輸送系統 27進料流輸送系統 28燃料電池系統與耗能裝置結合 30重組器 31殼 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 訂--------- Φ. 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 1290849 A7 ___B7 五、發明說明（f ) 32氫氣產生區或重組區 33絕熱材料 34蒸氣重組觸媒 36重組物流 38分離區或純化區 40副產物流 42富氫物流 44薄膜模組 46氫滲透金屬膜 48磨光區 50甲烷化觸媒床 52氫產生裝置 60過濾組 61罩箱 62過滤元件 64過濾後物流 66汽化區 68氣化線圈 70加熱組 72加熱元件 76燃料流 77燃燒室或區 78空氣流 80外部燃料來源 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 訂--------- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） A7 1290849 __B7 五、發明說明（夕） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 84加熱導管 90尾板 91膜包封 92重組物入口 94富氫物流出口 96副產物流出口 97罩箱 98, 100, 102 導管 104間隔板 106框架 108內部開放區間 110膜板 114外框 115篩板 116篩網組 118篩網元件 120配件 122出入口 130, 132重組管 134, 136 配件 135解壓閥組 137導管 138蓋板 139流量調節器 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） A7 1290849 __B7 五、發明說明（6 ) 142燃燒歧管 144歧管 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 145重組物歧管 150界定收容器152的區域 152收容器 154握把 160熱傳元件 161夾子或插銷 162空氣輸送系統 164輸送導管 166, 168支撐物或配件 17〇蓋板 172罩箱或外蓋 174活動罩 176固態絕熱 178空氣 180通道 181導管組 182廢氣排放口 190燃燒器 192帶 194繫扣物 較佳實施例詳細說明 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） A7 1290849 ____B7__ 五、發明說明（7 ) 根據本發明的一個燃料電池系統顯示在圖1中並以糸扁 號10槪括代表。系統10包含至少一個燃料處理器I2和运 少一個燃料電池堆疊22。燃料處理器12可由含原料的進 料流16產生含氫氣的產物氫氣流14。此燃料電池堆疊22 可自部份送入的產物氫氣流14產生電流。此圖示的實施例 顯示和說明一個單獨的燃料處理器12和一個單獨的燃料電 池堆疊22。然而應理解的是，不只一個的一種或兩種上述 元件也可以考慮使用。同樣需理解的是，這些元件乃示意 地說明，並且此燃料電池系統亦可包含額外的元件，它們 在此圖示中並沒有特別說明，如送料幫浦、空氣輸送系統 、熱交換器、加熱組和類似的設備。 燃料處理器12可以任何適當的機制產生氫氣。而這些 適當機制的例子包括蒸汽重組和自熱重組，其中重組觸媒 被用來由含碳原料和水的進料流產生氫氣。其他產生氫氣 的適當機制還包括將含碳但不含水的原料進行熱解與催化 性部份氧化。另外產生氫氣的適當機制是電解，其中的原 料含有水。 爲說明之目的，下面的討論將描述作爲蒸汽重組器的 燃料處理器12，它能接收含碳原料18和水20的進料流16 。然而如上所述，若採用其它型式的燃料處理器，亦仍屬 本發明範圍之內。 適當的含碳原料的例子包括至少一種碳氫化物或醇類 。適當的碳氫化物的例子包括甲烷、丙烷、天然氣、柴油 、煤油、汽油和類似物質。適當的醇類的例子包括甲醇、 9 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（&_S)A4規格（21〇 X 297石ϋ --- f請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)Mnn II nnn^OJa I ϋ II ϋ p II p 1290849 A7 __B7__ V. INSTRUCTION DESCRIPTION (3) FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of another 匣-type fuel processor according to the present invention. FIG. 13 is another embodiment according to the present invention. Sectional view of a 燃料-type fuel processor Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of another 燃料-type fuel processor in accordance with the present invention. Symbol Description 10 Fuel Cell System 12 Fuel Processor 14 Product Hydrogen Stream 16 Feed Stream 17 Feed Stream Transport System 18 carbonaceous material 20 water 22 fuel cell stack 23 tail plate 24 fuel cell 25 energy consuming device 26 feed stream delivery system 27 feed stream delivery system 28 fuel cell system and energy consuming device combined with 30 recombiner 31 shell (please first Read the notes on the back and fill out this page. Binding --------- Φ. This paper scale applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 1290849 A7 ___B7 V. Invention description (f 32 hydrogen generation zone or recombination zone 33 insulation material 34 vapor recombination catalyst 36 recombination stream 38 separation zone or purification zone 40 byproduct stream 42 hydrogen rich stream 44 membrane module 46 hydrogen permeation metal membrane 48 polishing zone 50 methanation touch Media bed 52 Production device 60 filter group 61 hood 62 filter element 64 filtered stream 66 vaporization zone 68 gasification coil 70 heating group 72 heating element 76 fuel stream 77 combustion chamber or zone 78 air flow 80 external fuel source (please read the back of the note first) Matters fill out this page) Binding --------- This paper scale applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) A7 1290849 __B7 V. Invention description (evening) (Please read the back first Note: Refill this page) 84 heating duct 90 tail plate 91 membrane encapsulation 92 recombination inlet 94 hydrogen-rich stream outlet 96 by-product stream outlet 97 hood 98, 100, 102 conduit 104 spacer 106 frame 108 internal open interval 110 diaphragm 114 outer frame 115 sieve plate 116 mesh group 118 mesh element 120 fitting 122 inlet and outlet 130, 132 reorganization tube 134, 136 fitting 135 decompression valve group 137 conduit 138 cover plate 139 flow regulator This paper scale applies to Chinese national standards (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) A7 1290849 __B7 V. Description of invention (6) 142 Combustion manifold 144 manifold (please read the note on the back and fill out this page) 145 Recombination manifold 150 defines Container 152 Area 152 receiving container 154 grip 160 heat transfer element 161 clip or pin 162 air delivery system 164 delivery conduit 166, 168 support or fitting 17 cover plate 172 cover box or outer cover 174 movable cover 176 solid heat insulation 178 air 180 channel 181 catheter group 182 exhaust vent 190 burner 192 with 194 fasteners preferred embodiment details of this paper scale applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 mm) A7 1290849 ____B7__ V. Description of invention (7 A fuel cell system according to the present invention is shown in Fig. 1 and is represented by 糸 号 10 . System 10 includes at least one fuel processor I2 and one fuel cell stack 22. The fuel processor 12 can produce a hydrogen-containing product hydrogen stream 14 from a feed stream 16 containing the feedstock. This fuel cell stack 22 can generate current from a portion of the product hydrogen stream 14 that is fed. This illustrated embodiment shows and illustrates a single fuel processor 12 and a separate fuel cell stack 22. However, it should be understood that more than one or both of the above elements may also be considered for use. It should also be understood that these elements are schematically illustrated, and that the fuel cell system may also include additional components, which are not specifically illustrated in the drawings, such as feed pumps, air delivery systems, heat exchangers, heating. Groups and similar devices. Fuel processor 12 can generate hydrogen gas by any suitable mechanism. Examples of such suitable mechanisms include steam recombination and autothermal recombination, in which a recombination catalyst is used to produce hydrogen from a feed stream of carbonaceous feedstock and water. Other suitable mechanisms for generating hydrogen include pyrolysis and catalytic partial oxidation of carbonaceous but water-free materials. Another suitable mechanism for generating hydrogen is electrolysis, in which the raw material contains water. For purposes of illustration, the following discussion will describe a fuel processor 12 as a steam reformer that can receive a feed stream 16 of carbonaceous feedstock 18 and water 20. However, as noted above, other types of fuel processors are also within the scope of the present invention. Examples of suitable carbonaceous feedstocks include at least one hydrocarbon or alcohol. Examples of suitable hydrocarbons include methane, propane, natural gas, diesel, kerosene, gasoline, and the like. Examples of suitable alcohols include methanol, 9 paper grades applicable to the Chinese National Standard (&_S) A4 specification (21〇 X 297 石ϋ --- f Please read the back note first and then fill out this page)
· ϋ n ϋ ϋ H ϋ n J ^ 1 I n ϋ 1 1_§ I I A7 1290849 五、發明說明（/) 乙醇及如乙二醇和丙二醇的多元醇。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 進料流16可以任何適當的機制送入燃料處理器12。 雖然圖1僅顯示一支單獨的進料流，但我們應該知道可以 使用不只一支的進料流16,並且它們可以含有相同或相異 的成份。當含碳原料18與水互溶時，如圖1所示’這原料 典型將與進料流16中的水成分一起輸送。當含碳原料與水 不溶或僅微溶時，如圖2所示，這些成份基本上將分別以 獨立的進料流送入燃料處理器12。 在圖1和圖2中，進料流16藉一個進料流輸送系統 17被送入燃料處理器12。此進料流輸送系統17包括任何 適當的機制和裝置或它們的組合，可以將進料流送入燃料 處理器12。例如，此輸送系統17可包含一個或數個幫浦 ，可輸送供應的進料流16各成份。系統17還可以額外的 或以取代的方式包括一個閥組，以調節來自一個加壓供應 源的各成份的流量。這些供應源可置於燃料電池系統之外 、之內或附近。 燃料電池堆疊22包含至少一個或者一般是數個燃料 電池24，能夠自送來的部份產物氫氣流產生電流。此電流 可以用來滿足相聯的耗能裝置25之能量需求或施加的負載 。耗能裝置25的示範例子包括，但不應被限制，一個機動 車、休閒車、船、工具、燈具或照明組、電器(如家電或其 它電器）、家用品、訊號顯示或通訊設備等。我們應該知道 耗能裝置25乃示意地說明於圖1，並且是指代表一個或數 個裝置或裝置的集合，並能夠自燃料電池系統中唧取電流 10 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 1290849 A7 —---------B7 ___ 五、發明說明（，） ^^ f請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ° ~典：型的燃料電池堆疊包含數個於共同尾板23連接％ 起的燃料電池’且此尾板包含流體輸送和移除用導管(未晷貝 不）。適當的燃料電池的例子包括質子交換膜(PEM)燃料電 池和驗性燃料電池。燃料電池堆疊Μ可接收所有的產物氫 氣流14 °部份或所有的物流14可另外地或替代地藉由適 當的導管傳送，用於另一耗氫程序、供作燃燒用燃料或供 熱或儲存以爲臼後之用。 燃料處理器12是任何可產生氫氣的適合裝置。較佳的 情況是，此燃料處理器可產生足夠純度的氫氣，而更佳的 丨目況疋’追燃料處理器可產生純的氫氣。就本發明目的而 言’足夠純度的氫氣指純度大於90%，較佳的是純度大於 95% ’更佳的是純度大於99%，最佳的是純度大於99.5〇/〇 。適當的燃料處理器曾揭示於美國專利No. 5,997,594和 No· 5,861，137，及1999年4月13日提出申請正審議中的 美國專利申請案Νο· 〇9/291，447，其標題爲"燃料處理系統，， ，和2000年3月13日提出申請且標題爲，，燃料處理器”的 美國專利臨時申請案No. 60/188,993，它們都將整體的納 入作爲參考，以符合所有說明的目的。 一個適當的燃料處理器12的例子是一個蒸汽重組器。 適當的蒸汽重組器的例子在圖3中並以編號30槪括表示。 重組器30包括一個含有蒸氣重組觸媒34的重組區或氫氣 Μ生區32。或者重組器30可以是一個含有自熱重組觸媒 的自熟蓴組器。在重組區32中，一支重組物流36由水和 含碳原料組成的進料流16所產生。重組物流一般含有氫氣 _ 11 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X撕公楚） A7 1290849 ___ B7 _ 五、發明說明（ί0 ) 和雜質，所以將被送至分離區或純化區38使氫氣純化。在 分離區38中，含氫物流以適當的壓力驅動分離方法被分成 一支或多支副產物流，一起以編號40表示，和一支富氫物 流42。圖3顯示富氫物流42形成產物氫氣流14。 一個用於分離區38的適當結構的例子是一個薄膜模組 44，含有一個或數個氫滲透金屬膜46。由數個具氫選擇性 金屬膜組成的適當薄膜模組的例子揭示於1999年4月13 日提出申請的美國專利申請案序號No. 09/291，447，標題 爲”燃料處理系統π，其所有的揭示已納入做爲參考，以符 合所有說明的目的。在彼發明中，數個槪略爲平面的薄膜 被組合成薄膜模組，其具有流道以使不純的氣流藉其輸送 至薄膜，並使純化的氣體由此薄膜收集，同時使副產物流 自此膜移除。如軟質石墨的墊圈可用來完成進氣流道和滲 透流道的密封。同時管狀氫選擇性薄膜亦揭示在上述的申 請案中，也可以使用.。其它適合的薄膜和薄膜模組揭示於 2000年7月19日提出申請的美國專利申請案序號no. 09/618,866，標題是’’氫可滲透金屬膜和其製法"，其所有的 揭示已納入做爲參考，以符合所有說明的目的。其它適合 的燃料處理器亦揭示於納入的專利申請案中。· ϋ n ϋ ϋ H ϋ n J ^ 1 I n ϋ 1 1_§ I I A7 1290849 V. INSTRUCTIONS (/) Ethanol and polyols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol. (Please read the note on the back and then fill out this page.) Feed stream 16 can be fed to fuel processor 12 by any suitable mechanism. Although Figure 1 shows only a single feed stream, we should be aware that more than one feed stream 16 can be used and they can contain the same or different ingredients. When the carbonaceous feedstock 18 is miscible with water, as shown in Figure 1, this feedstock will typically be delivered with the water component of feed stream 16. When the carbonaceous feedstock is insoluble or only sparingly soluble in water, as shown in Figure 2, these components will essentially be fed to the fuel processor 12 in separate feed streams, respectively. In Figures 1 and 2, feed stream 16 is fed to fuel processor 12 by a feed stream delivery system 17. This feed stream delivery system 17 includes any suitable mechanism and apparatus or combinations thereof that can be fed to the fuel processor 12. For example, the delivery system 17 can include one or more pumps that can deliver the components of the supplied feed stream 16. System 17 may also include, in an alternative or alternative manner, a valve block to regulate the flow of components from a pressurized supply. These sources can be placed in, near, or near the fuel cell system. The fuel cell stack 22 includes at least one or generally a plurality of fuel cells 24 that are capable of generating current from a portion of the product hydrogen stream that is being sent. This current can be used to meet the energy requirements or applied loads of the associated energy consuming device 25. Exemplary examples of energy consuming devices 25 include, but should not be limited to, a motor vehicle, recreational vehicle, boat, tool, luminaire or lighting group, electrical appliance (e.g., appliance or other appliance), household goods, signal display, or communication equipment. It should be understood that the energy consuming device 25 is schematically illustrated in Figure 1, and refers to a collection of one or several devices or devices that are capable of drawing current from a fuel cell system. The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS). A4 size (210 X 297 mm) 1290849 A7 —---------B7 ___ V. Invention description (,) ^^ f Please read the notes on the back and fill in this page) ° ~ Code: Type The fuel cell stack contains a number of fuel cells that are connected to the common tailgate 23 and this tailgate contains conduits for fluid delivery and removal (not mussels). Examples of suitable fuel cells include proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells and qualitative fuel cells. The fuel cell stack can receive all of the product hydrogen stream 14 ° portion or all of the stream 14 can be additionally or alternatively transferred by a suitable conduit for another hydrogen consumption process, for combustion fuel or heating or Storage is thought to be used later. Fuel processor 12 is any suitable device that produces hydrogen. Preferably, the fuel processor produces hydrogen of sufficient purity and, more preferably, the fuel processor produces pure hydrogen. For the purposes of the present invention, hydrogen of sufficient purity means greater than 90% purity, preferably greater than 95% by weight, more preferably greater than 99% pure, and most preferably greater than 99.5 Å/〇. A suitable fuel processor is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,997,594 and U.S. Pat. The fuel treatment system, and, and the US Patent Provisional Application No. 60/188,993, filed on March 13, 2000, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, in The purpose of a suitable fuel processor 12 is a steam recombiner. An example of a suitable steam recombiner is shown in Figure 3 and is numbered 30. Recombiner 30 includes a recombination containing vapor recombination catalyst 34 Zone or hydrogen twin zone 32. Alternatively, reformer 30 can be a self-cooking reactor containing autothermal recombination catalyst. In recombination zone 32, a recombination stream 36 is comprised of a feed stream comprising water and a carbonaceous feedstock. 16 produced. Recombinant logistics generally contains hydrogen _ 11 This paper scale applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X tearing public) A7 1290849 ___ B7 _ five, invention description (ί0) and impurities, so will be sent to The separation zone or purification zone 38 purifies the hydrogen. In the separation zone 38, the hydrogen-containing stream is separated into one or more by-product streams by a suitable pressure-driven separation process, together indicated by reference numeral 40, and a hydrogen-rich stream 42. Figure 3 shows a hydrogen rich stream 42 forming a product hydrogen stream 14. An example of a suitable structure for the separation zone 38 is a membrane module 44 containing one or several hydrogen permeable metal membranes 46. Several hydrogen selective An example of a suitable film module consisting of a metal film is disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/291,447, filed on Apr. 13, 1999, entitled Refer to all instructions for the purpose. In the invention, a plurality of planar films are combined into a film module having a flow path through which an impure gas stream is delivered to the film, and the purified gas is collected by the film while the by-product stream is passed Removed from this film. A gasket such as soft graphite can be used to seal the inlet and bleed passages. At the same time, a tubular hydrogen selective film is also disclosed in the above application, and can also be used. Other suitable films and film modules are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/618,866, filed on Jul. 19, 2000, entitled "H permeable metal film and method of manufacture thereof" It is included as a reference to meet all stated objectives. Other suitable fuel processors are also disclosed in the incorporated patent application.
較佳的薄平面的氫可滲透膜是由鈀合金組成，特別是 含有35重量％至45重量％銅的鈀。這些膜又可稱爲氫選擇 性膜，一般由厚度約爲〇·〇〇1英吋的薄箔形成。然而，這 些膜可由其它非上述的氣選擇性金屬和金屬合金、氫可滲 透與可選擇性陶瓷或含碳組成物所構成，仍屬本發明範圍I 12 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) n ϋ ϋ ϋ ϋ n 一一OJI ϋ n n mmee ϋ ϋ ϋ A7 1290849 _____B7 —_ 五、發明說明（丨/) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 內。這些膜的厚度可以大於或小於上述的厚度。例如膜可 製成更薄的使氫流量有等量的增加。此氫滲透膜可安排成 任何適當的結構，如揭示於納入之專利申請案中的以成對 方式環繞於共同的滲透通道。此氫滲透膜亦可採用其它結 構，如納入之專利所揭示的管狀結構。 另一個用於分離區38中適合的壓力分離方法是加壓循 環式吸附(PSA)。此法(PSA)使氣態雜質自含氫氣流中除去 。加壓循環式吸附原理是基於某些氣體在適當的溫度和壓 力條件下，會較其它氣體更強的吸附於吸附材上。基本上 ，是雜質被吸附，然後自重組物流36中移除。利用加壓循 環式吸附(PSA)可成功地達到純化氫氣的目的，這是由於一 般雜質氣體(如一氧化碳、二氧化碳、包括甲烷的碳氫化物 和氮)可以相對地較強地吸附於吸附材上。氫僅非常微弱的 吸附，故可通過吸附床而雜質卻留在吸附材上。雜質氣體 如氨、硫化氫和水等可以非常強烈的吸附於吸附材上，所 以可隨其它雜質由物流36中排除。如果這吸附材將再生且 這些雜質出現在物流36中時，因爲要移除這些雜質變得更 加困難，故分離區38最好含有一個適當的裝置，可在物流 36傳送至吸附材前將雜質移除。 雜質氣體的吸附發生在增高的壓力下。當壓力下降時 ，這些雜質自吸附材脫附，故吸附材可被再生。基本上， 加壓循環式吸附(PSA)是一個循環的過程，其連續操作(與 批式操作比較時)至少需兩個吸附床。用於吸附床的吸附材 的適當例子有活性碳和沸石，特別是五埃（5A)的沸石。這 13 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） A7 1290849 五、發明說明（以） 些吸附材一般是小球狀且以傳統塡充床結構置於圓柱狀壓 力容器內。然而需要瞭解的是，具有其它適合成份、形式 和結構的吸附材亦可採用。 重組器3 0雖然可以但並不一^定包含一^個如圖4所市的 磨光區48。磨光區.48從分離區38接收富氫物流42，繼而 藉降低或移除其中某些特定成份的濃度，以純化此物流。 例如當欲使用物流42於燃料電池堆疊，如堆疊22，那些 如一氧化碳和二氧化碳會傷害燃料電池堆疊的成份可藉此 自富氫物流中移除。一氧化碳的濃度必須低於10 ppm，以 避免使控制系統孤立燃料電池堆疊。較佳的情形是此系統 限制一氧化碳濃度低於5 ppm，而更佳的是低於1 ppm。二 氧化碳的濃度可比一氧化碳的高。例如濃度低於25%的二 氧化碳是可以接受。較佳的是濃度低於10%，或更佳的是 濃度低於1%。我們必須瞭解的是，這些可接受的最低濃度 僅作爲說明用的例子，其它不同的濃度亦可能使用且亦屬 此發明範圍內。例如某些特殊的使用者或製造者可能需要 不同於此處所述的最小濃度、最大濃度或濃度範圍。 48區具有任何適合的結構以移除或降低物流42中特 定成份的濃度。例如當使用產物流於一個PEM燃料電池堆 疊或其它裝置時，且若會發生因超過一氧化碳或二氧化碳 規定的傷害時，最好能納入至少一種甲烷化觸媒床50。此 床5〇使一氧化碳和二氧化碳轉化成甲烷和水，兩者皆不會 傷害PEM燃料電池堆疊。磨光區48亦可包括另一個氫產 生裝置52，如另一個重組觸媒床，以轉化任何未反應的原 14 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公楚） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 訂--------- A7 1290849 五、發明說明（卩） 料成氫氣。此實施例中較佳的情形是，這第二個重組觸媒 床在甲烷化觸媒床上游，以避免再導入一氧化碳或二氧化 碳於甲烷化觸媒床下游。 蒸汽重組器一般在200。0至700。〇的溫度範圍和50 psi至1〇〇〇 psi的壓力範圍內操作，僅管如此，在上述範圍 外的溫度亦屬本發明範圍內，例如依照燃料處理器特殊的 型式和結構來決定者。任何適合的加熱機構和裝置皆可能 用來供熱，如加熱器、燃燒器、燃燒觸媒或類似者。此加 熱組件可置於燃料處理器外，或是作爲燃料處理器一部份 的一個燃燒室。此加熱組件的燃料可供應自燃料處理系統 或燃料電池系統，或自系統外部的來源，或兩者。 圖3和圖4顯示重組器30有一殻31，使上述的元件 包含其內。殻31又可視爲一種罩箱，使燃料處理器，如重 組器30，作整體單元性的移動。同時它可藉提供一個包圍 結構以保護燃料處理器內的元件，使其不致受到傷害，且 可因爲在加熱時燃料處理器內部元件可整體性的受熱而降 低加熱需求。殼31可以但不並一定含有絕熱材料33，如 固態絕熱材料、毯狀絕熱材料或含空氣的孔洞。然而，重 組器的形成卻不一定需包含此罩箱或殼，這亦屬 圍內。當重組器3G含有絕熱材料33時，此絕熱材可在殼 內或殻外或兩者皆有。當此絕熱材料是在殻外部且此殼包 含上述重組區、分離區和/或磨光區時，此燃料麵器又 可進一步於絕熱材的外部包含一個外蓋或夾套。 又仍屬本發明範圍內的是，—個或數個這些元件可延 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ammt n ·1 n n a··· mm· aa·» I aw mb··備 15 A7 1290849 ___— —__jB7___ 五、發明說明（4) 伸至殻外或至少位於殻31外。例如圖i所顯示的磨光區 48可置於殻外，及/或部份重組區32可延伸至殻外。其 它示範如此結構的燃料處理器在所倂入之參考文獻中皆有 所說明並作更深入的討論。 僅管燃料處理器12、進料流輸送系統17、燃料電池堆 疊22和耗能裝置25可採用一個或數個分離元件的型式， 但是將兩個或數個元件整合、結合或組合於外部罩箱或機 體’則亦屬本發明範圍內。例如燃料處理器和進料流輸送 系統可結合以一個隨機體的或整體結合的進料流輸送系統 ’如圖1中編號26.所示，來提供給產生氫的裝置。同樣的 道理，我們可以加入一個燃料電池堆疊以一個整合的進料 流輸送裝置，如圖1中編號27所示，來提供給供能裝置。 燃料電池系統10可另外與一耗能裝置結合，如裝置 25，以提供此裝置一整合的或隨機體的能量來源。此裝置 的實體以圖示說明於圖1中編號28。此裝置的例子包括機 動車，如休閒車、汽車，船艇或其它航海工具和類似者， 和一居所，如房屋、公寓、雙倂屋、複合公寓、辦公室、 商店或類似者，或一功能完備的設備，如電器、燈、工具 、微波中繼站、發送組件、遙控訊號或通訊設備等。 另外亦屬本發明範圍內的是，上述燃料處理器12可與 燃料電池堆疊分開獨立使用。在此實施例中，此系統可視 爲一燃料處理系統，可以用來提供純的或幾乎純的氫氣至 耗氫裝置，如燃燒器，作爲加熱、烹煮或其它用途。與上 述關於整合耗能裝置與燃料電池系統的論述相似，我們可 16 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公髮) ~ "" -----------·裝--------訂--------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 1290849 ___B7___ 五、發明說明（g) 以將此燃料處理器和耗氫裝置加以結合或整合。 在操作中，某些粒子可能隨流動流被帶入含有氫分離 膜模組的分離區。此粒子可能以來自分離區上游觸媒的粉 塵形式出現，如來自（蒸汽或自熱)重組觸媒。它亦可能來 自被傳送至燃料處理器的原料雜質，或來自再生副產物流 ，其又可能含有來自觸媒（如重組或甲烷化觸媒）上游或下 游的粉塵。另一粒子的來源是焦碳，它可能是在重組反應 中所生成的副產物。 無論來源爲何，這粒子會干擾分離區38所使用的氫選 擇膜的作用。例如此粒子可能阻塞膜內的氣流管道。當這 情況發生時，經過膜的壓降會增加而最終將需要更換此膜 。我們應該瞭解的是，何時需更換此薄膜模組並不一定， 它是由一些因素決定，如燃料處理器的操作條件、送入薄 膜模組之粒子的大小和濃度等。爲防止粒子阻礙薄膜模組 44的運作，燃料處理器12可具有一過濾組60，介於重組 區和分離區間，如圖5所示。磨光區48在圖5中以虛線表 示，以圖示說明此過瀘組可與任何曾在此處及/或併入文 獻中提及或圖示說明的燃料處理器一起使用。 過瀘組60設計成在此物流被送入燃料處理器的分離區 38前，可除去或降低重組物流36中粒子含量。如此過濾 組亦可描述爲一粒子/氣體分離器。如圖所示，過濾組60 接收重組物流36,然後一支過濾後物流64自過濾組送入 分離區38。過濾組60包括至少一個過濾元件62。過濾元 件62可以包含任何適合的裝置，在燃料處理器之高操作溫 17 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 訂--------- A7 1290849 ___ B7____ 五、發明說明（β) 度時，可移除重組物流36中的粒子。一個適當的過濾元件 的例子是一種多孔介質，可使重組物流流通其中並留下重 組物流中的粒子。 一個具適當型態的過濾元件62的例子是一種燒結金屬 管或碟。另一個例子是編織金屬網，如製成管形或碟形的 濾布。陶瓷管和碟亦是適合的過濾元件，在操作溫度範圍 爲700°C內的2微米過瀘器已證明是有效的過濾元件。然 而，我們必需瞭解的是，過濾器的大小(即陷於過濾器內最 小粒子粒徑)和成份是可以改變的。另一種適合的過瀘元件 是一種裝置，其中重組物流會流經過具有保留粒子的收集 器的肘管或其它種類的導管。過瀘組60也可含有兩個或數 個過濾元件62,例如相同或不同尺寸及/或不同型式的過 濾元件。自重組區出來的高溫重組物氣體中可能存在的粒 子被保留在此過濾元件內。 圖6提供一個蒸汽重組器30的圖示說明，它含有一個 介於重組區和分離區中間的過濾組60。如圖所示，重組物 流36通過此過瀘組60。此物流離開過濾組60後成爲過濾 後物流64且被傳送至分離區38，其在此圖示實施例中採 用一薄膜模組44的型式並包括數個氫選擇性金屬膜46。 另一個蒸汽重組器的例子亦顯示於圖6中，它具有一 個汽化區66，使進料流16在進入重組區32前先被汽化。 汽化區66具有一汽化線圈68，置於重組器殻31之內。此 汽化區（和線圈）可置於燃料處理器殻外，如延伸環繞於殻 上，或者置於殻外，這亦屬本發明範圍之內。汽化區66的 18 (請先閱讀背面之注音？事項再填寫本頁) 裝The preferred thin planar hydrogen permeable membrane is comprised of a palladium alloy, particularly palladium containing from 35 wt% to 45 wt% copper. These films, which may also be referred to as hydrogen selective films, are typically formed from a thin foil having a thickness of about 1 inch. However, these membranes may be composed of other gas-selective metals and metal alloys other than those described above, hydrogen permeable and alternative ceramics or carbonaceous compositions, and still fall within the scope of the invention. I 12 This paper scale applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS). A4 size (210 X 297 mm) ^ (Please read the note on the back and fill out this page) n ϋ ϋ ϋ ϋ n One OJI ϋ nn mmee ϋ ϋ ϋ A7 1290849 _____B7 —_ V. Description of invention (丨/ (Please read the notes on the back and fill out this page). The thickness of these films may be greater or less than the thicknesses described above. For example, the film can be made thinner to have an equal increase in hydrogen flow. The hydrogen permeable membrane can be arranged in any suitable configuration, as disclosed in the incorporated patent application, in a paired manner around a common permeate passage. The hydrogen permeable membrane may also employ other structures, such as the tubular structures disclosed in the incorporated patents. Another suitable pressure separation method for use in separation zone 38 is pressurized cyclic adsorption (PSA). This method (PSA) removes gaseous impurities from the hydrogen-containing stream. The principle of pressurized circulation adsorption is based on the fact that certain gases are more strongly adsorbed onto the adsorbent material than other gases under appropriate temperature and pressure conditions. Basically, the impurities are adsorbed and then removed from the recombination stream 36. The purpose of purifying hydrogen can be successfully achieved by pressurized cyclic adsorption (PSA), because general impurity gases (such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons including methane and nitrogen) can be relatively strongly adsorbed on the adsorbent. . Hydrogen is only very weakly adsorbed, so it can pass through the adsorbent bed while impurities remain on the adsorbent. Impurity gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and water can be adsorbed very strongly onto the adsorbent material, so that it can be excluded from stream 36 with other impurities. If the adsorbent material is to be regenerated and these impurities are present in stream 36, it is more difficult to remove these impurities, so separation zone 38 preferably contains a suitable means for transporting impurities before stream 36 is passed to the adsorbent material. Remove. The adsorption of the impurity gas occurs under an increased pressure. When the pressure drops, these impurities are desorbed from the adsorbent, so the adsorbent can be regenerated. Basically, pressurized cyclic adsorption (PSA) is a cyclic process that requires at least two adsorbent beds for continuous operation (when compared to batch operation). Suitable examples of adsorbent materials for the adsorbent bed are activated carbon and zeolite, especially five angstrom (5A) zeolite. These 13 paper scales are applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm). A7 1290849 5. Inventive Note (Some) These adsorbent materials are generally small spherical and placed in a cylindrical pressure in a conventional sputum bed structure. Inside the container. However, it is to be understood that adsorbent materials having other suitable compositions, forms and structures can also be employed. The recombiner 30, although not necessarily, does not include a buffing zone 48 as shown in Fig. 4. The polishing zone .48 receives the hydrogen rich stream 42 from the separation zone 38, which is then purified by reducing or removing the concentration of certain of the specific components therein. For example, when a stream 42 is to be used in a fuel cell stack, such as stack 22, components such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide that can damage the fuel cell stack can be removed from the hydrogen rich stream. The concentration of carbon monoxide must be less than 10 ppm to avoid stacking the control system with isolated fuel cells. Preferably, the system limits the carbon monoxide concentration to less than 5 ppm, and more preferably to less than 1 ppm. The concentration of carbon dioxide can be higher than that of carbon monoxide. For example, a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 25% is acceptable. Preferably, the concentration is less than 10%, or more preferably the concentration is less than 1%. It must be understood that these acceptable minimum concentrations are for illustrative purposes only, and other different concentrations may also be used and are within the scope of the invention. For example, some particular users or manufacturers may require a minimum concentration, maximum concentration, or concentration range that differs from that described herein. Zone 48 has any suitable structure to remove or reduce the concentration of a particular component of stream 42. For example, when a product stream is used in a PEM fuel cell stack or other device, and if damage due to carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide is present, it is preferred to include at least one methanation catalyst bed 50. This bed converts carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide into methane and water, both of which do not harm the PEM fuel cell stack. The polishing zone 48 may also include another hydrogen generating device 52, such as another recombination catalyst bed, to convert any unreacted original 14 paper grades to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public) Please read the notes on the back and fill out this page. Binding --------- A7 1290849 V. Description of the invention (卩) It is made into hydrogen. Preferably, in this embodiment, the second recombination catalyst bed is swept over the methanation catalyst bed to avoid reintroduction of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide downstream of the methanation catalyst bed. The steam reformer is typically between 2.00 and 700. Operating within the temperature range of 〇 and a pressure range of 50 psi to 1 psi, as such, temperatures outside the above ranges are also within the scope of the invention, such as in accordance with the particular type and configuration of the fuel processor. Any suitable heating mechanism and device may be used to supply heat, such as a heater, burner, combustion catalyst or the like. The heating assembly can be placed outside of the fuel processor or as a combustion chamber as part of the fuel processor. The fuel for this heating assembly can be supplied from a fuel processing system or fuel cell system, or from a source external to the system, or both. Figures 3 and 4 show that the recombiner 30 has a casing 31 in which the above-described elements are contained. The casing 31 can in turn be considered a type of enclosure that allows the fuel processor, such as the reassembler 30, to move as a unitary unit. At the same time, it provides a containment structure to protect the components of the fuel processor from damage, and because the internal components of the fuel processor can be heated as a whole during heating to reduce heating requirements. The shell 31 may, but does not necessarily, contain a heat insulating material 33 such as a solid heat insulating material, a blanket heat insulating material or a hole containing air. However, the formation of the reassembler does not necessarily need to include the casing or casing, which is also within the circumference. When the recombiner 3G contains the heat insulating material 33, the heat insulating material may be inside or outside the casing or both. When the insulating material is outside the casing and the casing comprises the above-mentioned recombination zone, separation zone and/or buffing zone, the fuel fender may further comprise an outer cover or jacket on the outside of the insulation. It is still within the scope of the invention that one or several of these components can be extended (please read the notes on the back and then fill out this page) ammt n ·1 nna··· mm· aa·» I aw mb··备15 A7 1290849 ___— —__jB7___ V. INSTRUCTIONS (4) Extend to the outside of the casing or at least outside the casing 31. For example, the buffing zone 48 shown in Figure i can be placed outside the casing and/or the partial recombination zone 32 can extend beyond the casing. Other fuel processors demonstrating such a structure are described and further discussed in the incorporated references. Only the fuel processor 12, the feed stream delivery system 17, the fuel cell stack 22, and the energy consuming device 25 may take the form of one or several separate components, but integrate, combine or combine two or more components to the outer cover. The box or body 'is also within the scope of the invention. For example, the fuel processor and the feed stream delivery system can be combined with a random or integrated feed stream delivery system ' as shown in Figure 26, number one, to provide hydrogen generating means. By the same token, we can add a fuel cell stack to an integrated feed stream delivery unit, as shown in Figure 27 in Figure 1, for supply to the energy supply unit. The fuel cell system 10 can additionally be combined with an energy consuming device, such as device 25, to provide an integrated or random source of energy for the device. The entity of this device is illustrated by reference numeral 28 in Figure 1. Examples of such devices include motor vehicles, such as recreational vehicles, automobiles, boats or other marine tools and the like, and a residence such as a house, apartment, squatter, composite apartment, office, store, or the like, or a function Complete equipment such as electrical appliances, lights, tools, microwave relay stations, transmission components, remote control signals or communication equipment. It is also within the scope of the invention that the fuel processor 12 described above can be used separately from the fuel cell stack. In this embodiment, the system can be viewed as a fuel processing system that can be used to provide pure or nearly pure hydrogen to a hydrogen consuming device, such as a burner, for heating, cooking or other purposes. Similar to the above discussion about integrating energy consuming devices with fuel cell systems, we can apply the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 metric) to 16 paper scales. ~ "" -------- ---·装--------book--------- (please read the note on the back and fill out this page) A7 1290849 ___B7___ V. Description of invention (g) to use this fuel The processor and the hydrogen consuming device are combined or integrated. In operation, certain particles may be carried with the flow stream into the separation zone containing the hydrogen separation membrane module. This particle may appear as dust from the catalyst upstream of the separation zone, such as from a (steam or autothermal) recombination catalyst. It may also come from raw material impurities that are delivered to the fuel processor, or from regenerated by-product streams, which in turn may contain dust from upstream or downstream of the catalyst (e.g., recombination or methanation catalyst). The source of the other particle is coke, which may be a by-product formed in the recombination reaction. Regardless of the source, this particle interferes with the action of the hydrogen selective membrane used in separation zone 38. For example, this particle may block the gas flow conduit within the membrane. When this happens, the pressure drop across the membrane will increase and eventually the membrane will need to be replaced. What we should understand is that when it is not necessary to replace the membrane module, it is determined by factors such as the operating conditions of the fuel processor, the size and concentration of the particles fed into the membrane module. To prevent particles from impeding operation of the membrane module 44, the fuel processor 12 can have a filter set 60 between the recombination zone and the separation zone, as shown in FIG. The buffing zone 48 is shown in phantom in Figure 5 to illustrate that this pass group can be used with any fuel processor that is mentioned or illustrated herein and/or incorporated herein. The over-twist group 60 is designed to remove or reduce the particle content of the recombination stream 36 before the stream is sent to the separation zone 38 of the fuel processor. Such a filter set can also be described as a particle/gas separator. As shown, filter set 60 receives recombination stream 36, and a filtered stream 64 is then fed to separation zone 38 from the filter set. Filter set 60 includes at least one filter element 62. The filter element 62 can comprise any suitable device at a high operating temperature of the fuel processor. 17 The paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (please read the notes on the back and fill out this page) Binding--------- A7 1290849 ___ B7____ V. In the case of the invention (β) degree, the particles in the recombination stream 36 can be removed. An example of a suitable filter element is a porous medium that allows the recombination stream to circulate therein and leave the particles in the reconstituted stream. An example of a suitably shaped filter element 62 is a sintered metal tube or disc. Another example is a woven metal mesh, such as a filter cloth made into a tubular or dish shape. Ceramic tubes and discs are also suitable filter elements, and 2 micron filters in the operating temperature range of 700 ° C have proven to be effective filter elements. However, what we must understand is that the size of the filter (ie the smallest particle size trapped in the filter) and the composition can be changed. Another suitable overwound element is a device in which the recombination stream will flow through an elbow or other type of conduit having a collector that retains the particles. The set of passes 60 may also contain two or more filter elements 62, such as filter elements of the same or different sizes and/or different types. Particles that may be present in the high temperature recombinant gas from the recombination zone are retained within the filter element. Figure 6 provides an illustration of a steam reformer 30 containing a filter bank 60 intermediate the recombination zone and the separation zone. As shown, recombinant stream 36 passes through this group 60. This stream exits filter pack 60 and becomes filtered stream 64 and is passed to separation zone 38, which in the illustrated embodiment employs a pattern of membrane modules 44 and includes a plurality of hydrogen selective metal membranes 46. Another example of a steam reformer is also shown in Figure 6, which has a vaporization zone 66 that allows the feed stream 16 to be vaporized prior to entering the reforming zone 32. The vaporization zone 66 has a vaporization coil 68 disposed within the recombinator housing 31. It is also within the scope of the invention that the vaporization zone (and coil) can be placed outside of the fuel processor housing, such as extending around the casing or outside the casing. 18 of the vaporization zone 66 (please read the phonetic on the back? Please fill out this page again)
n n I n 一：OJ —Bi I n ϋ ϋ a_l ϋ I 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） A7 1290849 ^____B7___ 五、發明說明（丨7) 進料流以加熱組70供熱汽化，在此圖示說明實施例中，其 包含一個火星塞作爲加熱元件72。其它適合的加熱元件的 例子包括預熱塞(glow plug)、常燃小火(pilot light)、燃燒 觸媒、電阻加熱器或是它們的結合，如一預熱塞與一燃燒 觸媒的結合。 加熱組70會消耗燃料流76，其可以是一可燃性燃料 流或電流，依加熱組內使用之加熱元件的型式而定。在此 圖示說明的實施例中，加熱組形成燃燒室或區77的一部份 ’且燃料流包括一可燃性燃料與來自空氣流78的空氣。此 燃料可供應自外部來源，如圖示說明中編號80，或至少部 份形成自分離區38的副產物流40。至少一部份的燃料流 也可能形成自產物氫氣流14,這亦仍屬本發明範圍之內。 在此圖示說明的實施例中，燃燒區77的排氣流經重組區 32的加熱導管84時，將提供額外的熱給重組區。導管84 可以採用各種型式，包括鰭管和旋管，以提供足夠的表面 積和理想均勻分佈的熱於整個重組區32。 如上述討論，分離區38可包含一薄膜模組44，其包 含一個或數個氫選擇性金屬膜46，又稱爲氫滲透性金屬膜 。一個適合的薄膜模組的例子顯示於圖7，並以平板薄膜 模組型式出現。如圖所示，此模組含有一些尾板90，其間 有一個或數個膜包封91。在此圖示說明的實施例中，三個 膜包封用作圖示說明。但我們應該瞭解的是，爲數或多或 少的膜包封皆可使用。此膜包封以流體聯通至少一個尾板 ，重組物氣體(在重組物流36或過濾後物流64中)經其傳 19 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 n ϋ n n 一一aJ· ϋ I I n ϋ I n A7 1290849 五、發明說明（11) 以用來孤立富氫物流42。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 每一膜包封91亦包括膜板110，與板104爲鄰且置於 其內。每一膜板Π0包含一個位於中間的氫選擇金屬膜46 ，如鈀合金膜，可固定於如圖示說明中的外框114。膜板 110中所有的出入口相對於膜46是關閉的。每一個膜與開 放區108的對應者相鄰，即與自入口 92進入的富氫重組物 流相鄰。如此提供了氫氣通過膜的機會，同時使其餘形成 副產物流之氣體經導管102離開開放區108。 一個篩板115位於膜板110間，即位於每個膜46的內 部或滲透側。篩板115包括一個篩網組116。導管98和 102相對於篩板115的中間區是關閉的，因此可將副產物 流4〇和富重組物流36(或64)從富氫物流42孤立出來。導 管100對篩板115內部是開放的。通過相鄰薄膜46的氫行 經篩網組116至導管1〇〇，最終以富氫氣流42到達出口 94 〇 此篩網組可包括一個或數個篩網元件118，且在某些 實施例中可包括外細眼和內粗眼的篩網。篩網組H6不但 提供富氫物流42之流動路徑，也承受了施加於薄膜46上 促使氫氣通過薄膜的壓差。在薄膜46以適當結構支撐而不 致損傷的程度下，如用篩網組116，應可採用薄且便宜的 膜。其它可以採用的篩網元件118的材料包括多孔性陶瓷 、多孔性碳、多孔性金屬、陶瓷發泡材、碳發泡材及金屬 發泡材。 如硬焊、襯墊和熔接的許多方法可以單獨或搭配使用 21 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（21G χ 297公楚） 1290849 A7 B7 r 丨 _ 11 ' 1 1 1 11 _ 五、發明說明（災） ，以於形成膜包封91的板間以及在膜包封間造成氣密性。 我們應瞭解的是，以圖示說明於圖7和圖8的一般長方形 板膜包封係基於說明的目的，且此膜包封可採用任何適當 的形狀，如圓形，以及可採用任何適當的型式，如管式。 其它適合的薄膜模組和包封結構表示於所倂入之參考文獻 中。 如上討論，燃料處理器12可以但並不一定採用蒸汽重 組器30的型式，可以置於一個殼31內。更進一步說明時 ，殻對燃料處理器或重組器的元件提供較佳的加熱效率， 同時使這些元件更容易作整體單元性移動，且保護這些元 件不致因施加於燃料處理器或重組器的外力而受到傷害。 將燃料處理器12或重組器30之元件容置於殻內的一個缺 點是將更不易接近到燃料處理器的個別元件，如檢查、維 護、移除或修理時。基本上，此燃料處理器或重組器需要 先關機冷卻，再透過移除至少一部份殻而被開啓，充份的 拆解以接近並移除或修理特別的元件，然後再組裝。 圖9顯示可提供殻的優點卻無上述缺點的燃料處理器 和蒸氣重組器，可以稱爲匣式或模組式燃料處理器，或當 燃料處理器藉蒸汽或自熱重組產生氫氣時，可稱爲匣式或 模組式重組器。爲圖示說明之目的，匣式重組器將在下面 討論，但應該瞭解的是，匣式燃料處理器可採用不同於蒸 汽或自熱重組器的型式，應仍屬本發明範圍之內。 如圖9所示，此重組器包含前述的重組區、分離區、 磨光區32、38、48和過濾組60。我們應該瞭解的是，重 22 ------------· I------^--------- ί請先閱讀背面之>i意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） A7 1290849 _____B7___ 五、發明說明（) 組器可以不需具備所有這些如上述或倂入文獻中提及的元 件。重組器30可進一步包括一個殻31，含有一個出入口 122,可通過它而接近或移除一個或數個元件。出入口 122 可採用任何適當的型式，如可移動式平板、尾板、艙孔、 蓋子或類似結構。如圖所示，重組區32、過濾組60、分離 區38和磨光區48是以分離元件形成，亦可描述爲匣式模 組式或組織分隔式元件。在某些實施例中，這些元件亦可 描述爲功能完備者或匣式設備。 在所有實施例中，此模組元件可以但並不一定被描述 爲可以接收流體。在另一些實施例中，但不一定是所有的 實施例，也被描述成可以排送出包含氣體的物流，其中含 有不同於此模組元件所接收之包含流體之物流的成份。基 本上，此包含流體之物流將是包含氣體的物流，如重組物 流、混合氣體流、富氫物流、產物氫氣流、過濾後物流、 副產物流或其它於此處說明或圖示說明者。與以上關於進 料流16的討論同理，我們應該知道的是，模組元件描述成 包括但並不一定需要接收及/或排放不只一支的包含流體 或氣體的物流。 在此圖示說明的實施例中，此元件包括配件12〇，可 對準以方便自外殻31進入，如通過出入口 122。配件12〇 可採用任何適當的結構，可使匣式元件整體或部份的移除 。一個適當配件12〇的例子是一個在流體輸送線上從一個 特殊元件進出的偶聯器。藉分離此配件，此元件可被整體 移除。其它配件的例子包括密封裝置、安裝托架、收容器 23 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注音W事項再填寫本頁) 裝 ir^J— — — — — — — — — A7 1290849 五、發明說明（^) 或其它可脫離的扣件，可容納一個可替換的匣，如那些含 有過濾元件、重組觸媒的匣，或其它在燃料處理器或重組 器中需要定期更換或補充的部份。 爲示範說明匣式或分離式元件的用途，可考慮過濾組 6〇。過濾組60可包括一罩箱61，可以容納一個或數個具 匣的型式的過濾元件62。此圖示說明實施例就顯示兩個過 濾組，但仍屬本發明範圍內的是，在同一個匣內，這數目 可以改變，可以是單一過濾元件、或數個過濾元件在同一 匣中、或數個各自形成獨立匣的過濾元件。透過出入口 122，過濾元件可自過濾器罩箱61中移除，如需更換新的 過濾器時。或者，包含罩箱61的整個過濾組可藉由分離配 件120而作整體單元移除。同理，燃料處理器或蒸汽重組 器的其它元件亦可包含類似的匣式元件和次元件。 匣式元件可至少部份或全部置於殼外，或置於由外部 可接近之處，而此時我們變得不需要使甩出入口，這亦屬 本發明範圍之內。我們應該瞭解的是，這些名詞如”匣 "(cartridge)、"匣式"(cartridge-based)、"模組式 ”(m〇dular) 、”分離式"(discrete)和"組織分隔式"(compartmentalized)， 指燃料處理器元件可以立即且整體爲單元地自燃料處理器 中移除，且不需傳統的拆解工作。使用匣式元件可以使那 些需要維護或修理的元件迅速被移除或更換，即使執行者 是由未受過關於此燃料處理器相關操作與維護訓練的個人 ，如消費者。一個更換的新匣可以插入以取代移除的匣， 且僅需些微的工夫，如果發生停機時，亦僅需些微的停機 24 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱~) "' (請先閱讀背面之注音？事項再填寫本頁) · I ϋ ϋ ϋ I n J > I ϋ ϋ flu I 1· n n I 古口 A7 1290849 五、發明說明（θ ) 時間。移除的匣可以丟棄、維護或修理。同理，使用可更 換的匣可以使已過期的元件得以更換或加強，如當改良模 組出現時或操作條件或參數改變時。當使用出入口時，這 些配件應置於容易接近以作元件或次元件的拆除的位置， 且在某些實施例中這些元件或次元件應可不需停機而接近 及/或移除和更換。 圖10顯示一個含有至少一個匣式元件的蒸汽重組器 30的例子。圖10亦提供其它燃料處理器圖示說明的例子 ，其中一元件完全置於燃料處理器殻外，即磨光區48，和 另一個燃料處理器的例子，其中部份元件延伸至殻外，如 重組管132的部份130。如圖所示，磨光區48藉配件134 與燃料處理器12其餘部份結合。在圖示說明實施例中，由 燃料處理器殼外接近以解開配件134時，磨光區可被整體 的移除，如檢查、維護、修理和/或更換時。類似地，在 拆解配件134、136和移除實施例圖示中採蓋板138形式的 出入口 122之後，分離區38，即薄膜模組44，可被整體除 移除。其它的薄膜模組或分離區38實施例可以不需蓋板而 聯結至燃料處理器其餘的部份，這仍屬本發明範圍內。例 如，此模組可以螺紋聯結至殻31(殼和模組罩箱或一片模 組尾板上有一組互相配合的螺紋）。另一個例子是，可採用 一摩擦配件及/或其它可解脫的繫固件，如帶、夾、扣緊 物、針銷或類似者。同樣的，蓋板138可以利用這些中任 一種機構而聯結至殼31。 圖10中的蒸汽重組器亦作爲一個燃料處理器的圖示說 25 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐) " 一 ' (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) · I n ϋ n ϋ n I · OB WB I MM I MM 讓 A7 1290849 ___B7_______ 五、發明說明（抖） 明例子，包括一個燃料處理器殻內含有汽化區66，一個含 有數個重組管132的蒸汽重組器，一個含有一個過濾組60 的燃料處理器，一個燃料處理器其中副產物流可以作爲燃 燒區77部份的燃料氣流76，或排通(如經解壓閥組135)， 或藉流體導管137傳送作爲燃料處理器12外部儲存或使用 。圖10亦顯示針對燃燒區77內加熱組70所產生熱的流量 調節器139。在此圖示說明的實施例中，調節器139在燃 燒歧管142上採用孔隙的型式。此孔隙在燃燒排氣行經燃 燒區77和重組區32的路徑作調節。這些孔隙適當的位置 範例包括一個或數個孔隙遠離於加熱組70和數個分佈於歧 管142上的孔隙，如圖10所示。當孔隙以區間分佈時，這 些孔隙可等距分佈，或開口可多位於燃燒器末梢。類似地 ，這些孔隙的大小可以均勻的或是變化的，如於遠離加熱 組70處可使用較大孔徑。 在此圖示說明實施例中，來自汽化線圈68的汽化進料 流16被送入一歧管144，可使進料流分佈於重組觸媒管 132間。如圖10中虛線所示，歧管亦可置於殻31外，並 可由殻外接近歧管，就像要調整汽化進料流在重組觸媒管 間的相對分佈。舉例來說，如果一個特別的管需要移除、 修理或不用時，這歧管可被調整，以使進料流16不致被送 到那特別的管子。這樣可使重組器不需停止而繼續作用， 而且在某些實施例中，這樣可在重組器仍作用時，移除、 更換和/或修理這管子和/或其中的重組觸媒34。圖11 亦顯示一個重組物歧管145,其中收集自重組管的重組物 26 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 • ϋ ϋ ft— imm i n n 一：OJ· ϋ I ϋ n I ϋ ϋ A7 1290849 ___B7____ 五、發明說明（3) 氣流，這是發生在進入過濾組60前，如果重組器不包括一 個過濾組時，則是在分離區38前。 另一個匣式重組器的實施例顯示在圖11中。除非特別 指明，圖11中的重組器和此處所述其它的重組器和燃料處 理器一樣，也包含了如此處所說明特徵、元件、次元件和 各種變化。在此圖示說明實施例中，重組器包含一外殻31 ，其具有界定一個收容器152的區域150，使分離區38， 即薄膜模組44，至少部份收容其中。如圖所示，薄膜模組 部份收容於此收容器152內，且部份延伸至殻外，但仍屬 本發明範圍內的是，此分離區可完全在此收容器152內延 伸。同樣以虛線顯示的是一個握把154，可幫助薄膜模組 自殼拆除，如從收容器152中移除。握把154可採用任何 一種幫助使用者握住的適當的型式，使薄膜模組由殻中拉 出，如指孔和圖11中所示的突出的握把等等。在取出薄 膜模組44時，重組區32可自收容器152移除，如藉由握 住固定重組器的支撐物168的方法進行。或者，支撐物 168可以省略，而此重組區可被直接握住並自重組器中移 除，如藉著握住歧管144或一個可被使用者握住的關聯部 位。另一個方法是，重組區可由殻的另一端自重組器移除 ，可以聯同蓋板170 —起移除或在移除蓋板之後。另有〜 種作法是，此重組區可透過一個通常位於此二區域間的彀 上一個進出口移除。我們需要注意的是，各類配件120要 先鬆脫再移除此重組區域。 圖11中的重組器提供另一個燃料處理器的例子，其中 27 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 n ϋ n n^OJI I— in n ϋ n n · A7 1290849 五、發明說明（Μ ) 具有一位於殻外的元件。在此圖示說明實施例中，過濾組 60顯示於殼31外。過濾組60亦可被描述爲一模組或匣式 元件’因爲它可以藉鬆脫一個或兩個配件166和168自重 組器移除。同樣顯示於圖11中的是一熱傳元件160，可以 藉著從燃料處理器的殻傳導熱以加熱過濾模組。任何適合 的熱傳導材料均可用於此元件160，其中不銹鋼在試驗中 被證明是有效的材質。圖11的重組器也顯示另一個將薄膜 模組44聯接於殼31的機制，即透過使用具有一個屬於可 鬆脫夾子或插銷161形式的配件120。 圖11中的重組器亦包括一空氣輸送系統162，它包括 一輸送導管164,可傳送空氣流以冷卻重組區32。空氣輸 送系統162可以採用任何適當的機制，如風扇、吹風機等 。需要注意的是，傳送導管並無直接將空氣送入重組觸媒 管13 2 ’而是將空氣流送至延伸圍繞重組管的重組器的燃 燒區或其它部份。如圖所示，輸送導管一般平行於重組管 而延伸，但亦可採用其它方向和輸送定位，這亦屬本發明 範圍內。藉調整系統162傳送的空氣流量和/或溫度，重 組區的溫度可被控制用，例如以回應一個或數個測量重組 管上、內部或附近或是位於重組器或燃料處理器其它部位 的溫度感應器。 如上所述，燃料處理器I2可備有一含絕熱材料的夾套 。圖12顯示一個這樣的燃料處理器的例子，採用〜個電組 器3〇的型式。如圖所示，重組器30具有一圍繞殻31的罩 箱或外蓋172。在此圖示實施例中，外蓋172具有〜可活 -----------·裝--------訂---------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 28 A7 1290849 _____B7___ 五、發明說明（θ) 動罩174,延伸環繞於薄膜模組44。爲說明可使用之各種 式樣的絕熱裝置，在殼31和外蓋172間的一部份區間具有 固態絕熱176，而另一部份，即活動罩174內的部分，則 顯示含有空氣178。 圖12亦顯示一個通道18〇，部份自燃燒區77的排氣 可藉此通過，以供熱給分離區38。此重組器可以但並不一 定包括一導管組181，可使流經通道18〇的相關流動得以 控制。導管組181已於圖12中說明，它可以採用任何適當 的型式，以選則性控制流經通道180的相關排氣流量，而 且因此可以置於延著通道或其尾端附近的任何地方。離開 通道180後，廢氣經外罩上的廢氣排放口 182離開外蓋 172。 圖13顯示另一個適當的重組器30的實施例。除了加 熱組70被集中以更直接加熱重組器含有重組管132的部份 ，圖13中的重組器與圖11中的重組器是相類似的。如圖 所示，加熱器一般位於前述圖11中空氣輸送導管所在位置 。如上所述，加熱組70可採用許多不同型式，其中之一是 燃燒器190，在此提供了圖示說明。在此圖示說明中，燃 燒器190自至少一個外部供應源80和副產物流40接收可 燃性燃料。燃燒器190也從空氣輸送系統之導管164接收 空氣。應該瞭解的是，相同的或不同的空氣輸送系統亦可 用來供應空氣流，以控制重組區的溫度，正如上圖11中所 述者。藉比較圖11和圖13,集中加熱組可以但並不一定 必要使燃料處理器的相對大小減少。 29 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 訂--------- A7 1290849 ______B7__ 五、發明說明（4) 在圖13的圖示說明中，一磨光區48並未被顯示。我 們應該知道的是，此重組器可以不含磨光區，而此磨光區 可位於殻31外，如圖10所示，或磨光區可在殻內延伸。 例如，磨光區可在殼內延伸並一般平行於重組管。圖13的 重組器也說明另一個聯接薄膜模組或其它分離區於殻31的 適當機制，即利用以帶192爲型式的配件120。如圖所示 ，帶192自殻31延伸於薄膜模組44的一側，並可脫離地 結合於一個位於殻31另一側的繫扣物194。或者是說，一 個或數個帶可自薄膜模組延伸，並繫固於殻上或燃料處理 器的其它部份。 和圖11中重組器實施例類似的是圖13中的重組器亦 可包括一外蓋或外罩，如圖14所示。 我們應該瞭解的是，此處所說明與描述的特色可以合 倂使用或分開使用。例如，依此發明的燃料處理器可以一 個或數個帶有空氣輸送系統的匣式元件來實施，以控制燃 料處理器的操作溫度，和帶有一個過濾組等等，其可單獨 存在或與此處所述或其它的元件結合。 工業應用性 本發明可應用於任何一種燃料處理系統或燃料電池系 統’其中氫氣被製造且輸送至燃料電池堆疊或其它耗氫裝 置。 我們可以瞭解的是，前述所揭示的內容包括許多具有 獨立功能的不同發明。僅管每一件發明以其最佳的型式揭 30 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（21〇 χ 297公釐） -----------^--------^--------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1290849 A7 _ B7____ 五、發明說明（Μ) 示，特定揭示和說明的實施例並無限制的意思，因爲各種 變化都是有可能的。此等發明的主題包括所有於此揭示的 各種元件、特色、功能和/或性質的新穎卻非顯而易見的 組合和次組合。同理，凡有提到”一個”或"第一個’’元件或 相當者，此種申請專利範圍應被解釋爲包括納入一個或數 個此元件，既非一定需要亦非完全排除屬於兩個或數個此 元件的情形。 下列的申請專利範圍特別針對特定之組合和次組合， 它們屬於所揭示發明之一而且是新穎卻非顯而易見的。那 些發明若屬於不同特色、功能、元件和/或性質的其他組 合或次組合，可依目前本案或相關申請案的申請專利範圍 修正或提出新的申請專利範圍而加以請求。不論是否爲不 同發明或爲相似的發明，不論與原申請專利範圍比較後變 得相異、較寬、較窄或相當，這些修改或新的申請專利範 圍仍被視爲屬於目前揭示的發明標的之內。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 訂--------- 31 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（21〇 X 297公爱）Nn I n I: OJ —Bi I n ϋ ϋ a_l ϋ I This paper scale applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) A7 1290849 ^____B7___ V. Description of invention (丨7) Feed stream The heating pack 70 is heated to vaporize, and in the illustrated embodiment, it includes a spark plug as the heating element 72. Examples of other suitable heating elements include glow plugs, pilot light, combustion catalysts, electrical resistance heaters, or combinations thereof, such as a glow plug in combination with a combustion catalyst. The heating group 70 will consume a fuel stream 76, which may be a flammable fuel stream or current, depending on the type of heating element used in the heating group. In the illustrated embodiment, the heating pack forms a portion of the combustion chamber or zone 77 and the fuel stream includes a combustible fuel and air from the air stream 78. This fuel may be supplied from an external source, number 80 in the illustration, or at least a portion of the by-product stream 40 formed from the separation zone 38. At least a portion of the fuel stream may also form from the product hydrogen stream 14, which is still within the scope of the invention. In the illustrated embodiment, the exhaust of the combustion zone 77 will provide additional heat to the recombination zone as it flows through the heating conduit 84 of the recombination zone 32. The conduit 84 can take a variety of forms, including fin tubes and coils, to provide sufficient surface area and ideally evenly distributed heat throughout the recombination zone 32. As discussed above, separation zone 38 can include a membrane module 44 that includes one or more hydrogen selective metal membranes 46, also known as hydrogen permeable metal membranes. An example of a suitable membrane module is shown in Figure 7 and appears in the form of a flat membrane module. As shown, the module includes a plurality of tail plates 90 with one or more film envelopes 91 therebetween. In the illustrated embodiment, three film envelopes are used for illustration. But what we should understand is that more or less film encapsulation can be used. The membrane is encapsulated to be in fluid communication with at least one tailgate, and the recombinant gas (in the recombination stream 36 or the filtered stream 64) is passed through its paper size for the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm). (Please read the note on the back and then fill out this page) Install n ϋ nn 一一 aJ· ϋ II n ϋ I n A7 1290849 V. Inventive Note (11) Used to isolate the hydrogen-rich stream 42. (Please read the note on the back and then fill out this page.) Each film encapsulation 91 also includes a membrane 110 adjacent to and within the plate 104. Each of the diaphragms 包含0 includes an intermediate hydrogen selective metal film 46, such as a palladium alloy film, which can be attached to the outer frame 114 as illustrated. All of the ports in the diaphragm 110 are closed relative to the membrane 46. Each membrane is adjacent to the counterpart of the open zone 108, i.e., adjacent to the hydrogen-rich recombination stream entering from the inlet 92. This provides the opportunity for hydrogen to pass through the membrane while leaving the remaining gas forming the by-product stream exiting the open zone 108 via conduit 102. A screen deck 115 is located between the membrane sheets 110, i.e., at the inner or permeate side of each membrane 46. Sieve plate 115 includes a screen set 116. The conduits 98 and 102 are closed relative to the intermediate zone of the screen deck 115 so that the byproduct stream 4 and the rich stream 36 (or 64) can be isolated from the hydrogen rich stream 42. The conduit 100 is open to the interior of the screen deck 115. The hydrogen passing through the adjacent membrane 46 passes through the screen set 116 to the conduit 1 , and finally reaches the outlet 94 in a hydrogen rich stream 42. This screen set may include one or more screen elements 118, and in some embodiments A screen that can include outer fine eyes and inner rough eyes. The screen group H6 not only provides a flow path for the hydrogen rich stream 42, but also withstands the pressure differential applied to the membrane 46 to promote the passage of hydrogen through the membrane. To the extent that the film 46 is supported by a suitable structure without damage, such as with the screen set 116, a thin and inexpensive film should be employed. Other materials of the screen member 118 that can be used include porous ceramics, porous carbon, porous metal, ceramic foam, carbon foam, and metal foam. Many methods such as brazing, gasketing and welding can be used alone or in combination. 21 Paper scales are applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (21G 297 297 public) 1290849 A7 B7 r 丨_ 11 ' 1 1 1 11 _ Description of the invention (disaster) to create airtightness between the sheets forming the film encapsulation 91 and between the encapsulation of the film. It should be understood that the general rectangular sheet encapsulation illustrated in Figures 7 and 8 is for illustrative purposes, and that the film encapsulation can take any suitable shape, such as a circular shape, and any suitable The type, such as the tube type. Other suitable film modules and encapsulation structures are shown in the incorporated references. As discussed above, the fuel processor 12 may, but need not, be of the steam recombiner 30 type and may be placed within a housing 31. Further, the housing provides better heating efficiency to the fuel processor or recombiner components while making these components easier to move as a whole unit and protecting these components from external forces applied to the fuel processor or recombiner. And hurt. One disadvantage of having the components of fuel processor 12 or recombiner 30 housed within the housing is that it will be less accessible to individual components of the fuel processor, such as inspection, maintenance, removal or repair. Basically, the fuel processor or recombiner needs to be shut down for cooling, then opened by removing at least a portion of the casing, fully disassembled to access and remove or repair particular components, and then assembled. Figure 9 shows a fuel processor and vapor recombiner that can provide the advantages of a shell without the above disadvantages, which can be referred to as a squat or modular fuel processor, or when the fuel processor is regenerated by steam or autothermal recombination. It is called a 匣 type or modular reorganizer. For illustrative purposes, the rake recombiner will be discussed below, but it should be understood that the rake fuel processor may be of a different type than a steam or autothermal recombiner and still be within the scope of the present invention. As shown in Figure 9, the recombiner comprises the aforementioned recombination zone, separation zone, buffing zones 32, 38, 48 and filter set 60. What we should understand is that weigh 22 ------------· I------^--------- ί Please read the back of the >i Fill in this page) This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) A7 1290849 _____B7___ V. Invention Description () The grouper can not have all of these as mentioned above or mentioned in the literature. element. The recombinator 30 can further include a housing 31 that includes an access port 122 through which one or more components can be accessed or removed. The access port 122 can take any suitable type, such as a movable plate, tailgate, hatch, lid or the like. As shown, recombination zone 32, filter set 60, separation zone 38, and buffing zone 48 are formed as separate elements, and may also be described as a sputum modular or tissue-separated component. In some embodiments, these elements may also be described as fully functional or squatting devices. In all embodiments, this modular component may, but need not, be described as being capable of receiving fluid. In other embodiments, but not necessarily all embodiments, it is also described as being capable of discharging a stream comprising a gas comprising components different from the fluid-containing stream received by the module element. Essentially, the fluid-containing stream will be a gas-containing stream, such as a recombination stream, a mixed gas stream, a hydrogen-rich stream, a product hydrogen stream, a filtered stream, a by-product stream, or the like as illustrated or illustrated herein. In the same way as discussed above with respect to feed stream 16, it should be understood that the module elements are described as including, but not necessarily, receiving, and/or discharging more than one stream comprising a fluid or gas. In the illustrated embodiment, the component includes an accessory 12 that can be aligned to facilitate access from the housing 31, such as through the access opening 122. Fittings 12〇 Any suitable structure can be used to remove the tuck element in whole or in part. An example of a suitable fitting 12 is a coupler that enters and exits a particular component on a fluid transfer line. By separating this accessory, this component can be removed as a whole. Examples of other accessories include sealing device, mounting bracket, and receiving container. 23 The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm). (Please read the phonetic W on the back and fill in this page.) ^J— — — — — — — — A7 1290849 5. Invention description (^) or other detachable fasteners that can accommodate a replaceable crucible, such as those containing filter elements, recombination catalysts, or other Periodic replacement or replenishment is required in a fuel processor or recombiner. To demonstrate the use of a squat or split element, consider the filter set 6〇. The filter pack 60 can include a boot box 61 that can accommodate one or more filter elements 62 of the type having a meandering shape. This illustration illustrates that the embodiment shows two filter sets, but it is still within the scope of the invention that the number can be varied within the same crucible, either a single filter element or a plurality of filter elements in the same crucible, Or a plurality of filter elements each forming an independent crucible. Through the inlet and outlet 122, the filter element can be removed from the filter housing 61 if a new filter needs to be replaced. Alternatively, the entire filter set containing the boot box 61 can be removed as a unit by the separation fitting 120. Similarly, other components of the fuel processor or steam reformer may also include similar jaw and secondary components. It is also within the scope of the invention that the jaw element can be placed at least partially or completely outside the casing or in a location accessible from the outside, at which point we do not need to have a weir. What we should understand is that these terms are such as "cartridge", "quota", "cartridge-based", "module" (m〇dular), "discrete" (discrete) and "compartmentalized," (compartmentalized), meaning that the fuel processor components can be removed from the fuel processor immediately and collectively, without the need for traditional disassembly work. The use of 匣-type components allows those that require maintenance or Repaired components are quickly removed or replaced, even if the performer is an individual who has not been trained in the operation and maintenance of the fuel processor, such as a consumer. A replacement new one can be inserted to replace the removed defect, and only It takes a little bit of work. If there is a downtime, only a small amount of downtime is required. 24 The paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public love ~) "' (Please read the phonetic on the back? Fill out this page) · I ϋ ϋ ϋ I n J > I ϋ ϋ flu I 1· nn I Ancient A7 1290849 V. Invention description (θ ) Time. The removed cockroaches can be discarded, maintained or repaired. Similarly, use Replaceable 匣Replace or reinforce expired components, such as when modified modules are present or when operating conditions or parameters are changed. When using inlets and outlets, these fittings should be placed in a position that is easily accessible for removal of components or secondary components, and In some embodiments these or sub-elements should be accessible and/or removed and replaced without shutting down. Figure 10 shows an example of a steam recombiner 30 containing at least one weir element. Figure 10 also provides other fuel processors. In the illustrated example, one of the components is completely disposed outside the fuel processor housing, i.e., the buffing zone 48, and another example of a fuel processor in which portions extend beyond the casing, such as portion 130 of the recombination tube 132. As shown, the buffing zone 48 is coupled to the remainder of the fuel processor 12 by means of an accessory 134. In the illustrated embodiment, the buffing zone can be accessed by the fuel processor housing proximate to disengage the fitting 134. Overall removal, such as inspection, maintenance, repair, and/or replacement. Similarly, after disassembling the fittings 134, 136 and removing the inlet and outlet 122 in the form of a cover plate 138 in the illustrated embodiment, the separation zone 38, The film module 44 can be removed in its entirety. Other film modules or separation zone 38 embodiments can be coupled to the remainder of the fuel processor without the need for a cover, which is still within the scope of the present invention. The module can be threadedly coupled to the housing 31 (the housing and the module housing or one of the module tail plates have a set of mating threads). Another example is the use of a friction fitting and/or other detachable fasteners. For example, a strap, a clip, a clasp, a pin, or the like. Similarly, the cover 138 can be coupled to the case 31 using any of these mechanisms. The steam recombiner in Figure 10 is also shown as a fuel processor. The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) " one' (please read the notes on the back first) Fill out this page) · I n ϋ n ϋ n I · OB WB I MM I MM Let A7 1290849 ___B7_______ V. Description of invention (shake) Example, including a fuel processor housing containing a vaporization zone 66, one containing several recombinations a steam reformer of tube 132, a fuel processor having a filter bank 60, a fuel processor wherein the by-product stream can be used as part of fuel stream 76 in combustion zone 77, or discharged (e.g., decompressed valve block 135). Transfer or use as fluid processor 12 for external storage or use. Figure 10 also shows a flow regulator 139 for the heat generated by the heating pack 70 in the combustion zone 77. In the illustrated embodiment, the regulator 139 employs a pattern of apertures on the combustion manifold 142. This pore is adjusted in the path of the combustion exhaust gas passing through the combustion zone 77 and the recombination zone 32. Examples of suitable locations for these pores include one or more apertures away from the heating set 70 and a plurality of apertures distributed over the manifold 142, as shown in FIG. When the pores are distributed in intervals, the pores may be equidistantly distributed, or the openings may be located at the burner tip. Similarly, the size of the pores can be uniform or varied, such as a larger aperture can be used away from the heating set 70. In the illustrated embodiment, vaporized feed stream 16 from vaporization coil 68 is fed to a manifold 144 to distribute the feed stream between recombination catalyst tubes 132. As indicated by the dashed lines in Figure 10, the manifold can also be placed outside of the shell 31 and can be accessed from outside the shell as if the relative distribution of the vaporized feed stream between the recombination catalyst tubes is to be adjusted. For example, if a particular tube needs to be removed, repaired, or not used, the manifold can be adjusted so that the feed stream 16 is not sent to that particular tube. This allows the reconstitutor to continue without stopping, and in certain embodiments, the tube and/or the recombination catalyst 34 therein can be removed, replaced, and/or repaired while the recombiner is still functioning. Figure 11 also shows a recombinant manifold 145 in which the recombinant 26 collected from the recombinant tube is of the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm). (Please read the notes on the back and fill in the form. Page) Packing • ϋ ϋ ft— imm inn One: OJ· ϋ I ϋ n I ϋ ϋ A7 1290849 ___B7____ V. Invention description (3) Airflow, which occurs before entering filter group 60, if the recombiner does not include a filter In the case of the group, it is before the separation zone 38. Another embodiment of a rake recombiner is shown in FIG. Unless otherwise indicated, the recombiner of Figure 11 includes the features, components, sub-elements, and variations as described herein, as well as other recombiners and fuel processors described herein. In the illustrated embodiment, the reconstitutor includes a housing 31 having a region 150 defining a receptacle 152 such that the separation region 38, i.e., the membrane module 44, is at least partially received therein. As shown, the membrane module portion is received within the container 152 and partially extends out of the housing, but it is still within the scope of the present invention that the separation region extends entirely within the container 152. Also shown in dashed lines is a grip 154 that assists in the removal of the film module from the housing, such as removal from the container 152. The grip 154 can be of any suitable type to assist the user in grasping the film module from the housing, such as the finger hole and the protruding grip shown in Figure 11. When the film module 44 is removed, the recombination zone 32 can be removed from the container 152, such as by holding the support 168 holding the reconstitutor. Alternatively, the support 168 can be omitted and the recombination zone can be directly grasped and removed from the reconstitutor, such as by holding the manifold 144 or an associated portion that can be held by the user. Alternatively, the recombination zone can be removed from the recombinator by the other end of the shell, either together with the cover plate 170 or after removal of the cover. Alternatively, the recombination zone can be removed via an inlet and outlet that is usually located between the two zones. It is important to note that the various accessories 120 must be loosened before removing the reconstituted area. The recombiner in Figure 11 provides an example of another fuel processor in which 27 paper sizes are applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (please read the notes on the back and fill out this page) n ϋ nn^OJI I—in n ϋ nn · A7 1290849 V. INSTRUCTIONS (Μ) There is a component located outside the casing. In the illustrated embodiment, the filter pack 60 is shown outside of the housing 31. Filter set 60 can also be described as a modular or jaw element' because it can be removed from the reassembler by releasing one or both of the fittings 166 and 168. Also shown in Figure 11 is a heat transfer element 160 that can heat the filter module by conducting heat from the shell of the fuel processor. Any suitable thermally conductive material can be used for this component 160, where stainless steel has proven to be an effective material in testing. The reconstitutor of Figure 11 also shows another mechanism for coupling the membrane module 44 to the housing 31, i.e., by using an accessory 120 in the form of a releasable clip or pin 161. The reconstitutor of Figure 11 also includes an air delivery system 162 that includes a delivery conduit 164 that delivers a flow of air to cool the recombination zone 32. The air delivery system 162 can employ any suitable mechanism, such as a fan, blower, and the like. It should be noted that the transfer conduit does not directly deliver air to the recombination catalyst tube 13 2 ' but sends the air stream to a combustion zone or other portion of the recombinator that extends around the recombination tube. As shown, the delivery catheter generally extends parallel to the reconstitution tube, but other orientations and delivery locations are also contemplated, which are also within the scope of the present invention. By adjusting the air flow and/or temperature transmitted by system 162, the temperature of the recombination zone can be controlled, for example, in response to one or more measurements of the temperature on, within, or near the recombination tube or elsewhere in the recombiner or fuel processor. sensor. As described above, the fuel processor I2 can be provided with a jacket containing a heat insulating material. Fig. 12 shows an example of such a fuel processor, which employs a type of electrical unit. As shown, the reconstitutor 30 has a housing or outer cover 172 that surrounds the housing 31. In the illustrated embodiment, the outer cover 172 has a ~-----------install-------------- (please first Read the precautions on the back page and fill out this page. 28 A7 1290849 _____B7___ V. INSTRUCTION DESCRIPTION (θ) The movable cover 174 extends around the membrane module 44. To illustrate the various types of insulation that can be used, a portion of the space between the casing 31 and the outer cover 172 has solid insulation 176, and the other portion, i.e., the portion within the movable cover 174, contains air 178. Also shown in Fig. 12 is a passage 18, by which exhaust gas from the combustion zone 77 can be passed to provide heat to the separation zone 38. The recombiner can, but does not necessarily, include a conduit set 181 that allows the associated flow through the passage 18 to be controlled. The conduit set 181 is illustrated in Figure 12 and may be of any suitable type to selectively control the associated exhaust flow through the passage 180 and thus may be placed anywhere adjacent the trailing passage or its trailing end. After exiting the passage 180, the exhaust exits the outer cover 172 through the exhaust vent 182 on the outer casing. FIG. 13 shows an embodiment of another suitable recombiner 30. The recombiner in Fig. 13 is similar to the recombiner in Fig. 11 except that the heating group 70 is concentrated to more directly heat the portion of the recombiner containing the recombination tube 132. As shown, the heater is typically located at the location of the air delivery conduit of Figure 11 above. As noted above, the heating pack 70 can take many different versions, one of which is the burner 190, which is illustrated herein. In this illustration, the combustor 190 receives flammable fuel from at least one external supply source 80 and by-product stream 40. Burner 190 also receives air from conduit 164 of the air delivery system. It should be understood that the same or different air delivery systems can also be used to supply air flow to control the temperature of the recombination zone, as described in Figure 11 above. By comparing Figures 11 and 13, the centralized heating group may, but need not necessarily, reduce the relative size of the fuel processor. 29 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (please read the note on the back and fill out this page) Binding--------- A7 1290849 ______B7__ V. Invention Description (4) In the illustration of Fig. 13, a buffing zone 48 is not shown. It should be understood that the recombiner may be free of a buffing zone that may be located outside of the casing 31, as shown in Figure 10, or that the buffing zone may extend within the casing. For example, the buffing zone can extend within the shell and is generally parallel to the recombination tube. The recombiner of Figure 13 also illustrates another suitable mechanism for coupling the membrane module or other separation zone to the housing 31, i.e., utilizing the fitting 120 in the form of a belt 192. As shown, the strap 192 extends from the housing 31 to one side of the film module 44 and is detachably coupled to a fastener 194 located on the other side of the housing 31. Alternatively, one or more of the strips may extend from the film module and be attached to the shell or other portion of the fuel processor. Similar to the recombiner embodiment of Fig. 11, the recombiner of Fig. 13 may also include an outer cover or cover, as shown in Fig. 14. It should be understood that the features described and described herein can be used in conjunction or separately. For example, a fuel processor according to the invention may be implemented by one or more jaw elements with an air delivery system to control the operating temperature of the fuel processor, and with a filter set or the like, which may be present alone or in combination with Combinations described herein or other elements. Industrial Applicability The present invention is applicable to any fuel processing system or fuel cell system where hydrogen is produced and delivered to a fuel cell stack or other hydrogen consuming device. It can be appreciated that the foregoing disclosure includes many different inventions having independent functions. Even though each invention is unveiled in its best form. 30 This paper scale applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21〇χ 297 mm) -----------^---- ----^--------- (Please read the notes on the back and fill out this page) 1290849 A7 _ B7____ V. INSTRUCTIONS (Μ) shows that the specific disclosure and description of the embodiment are not limited The meaning, because all kinds of changes are possible. The subject matter of the invention includes all novel and non-obvious combinations and sub-combinations of the various elements, features, functions and/or properties disclosed herein. Similarly, where reference is made to "a" or "first" element or equivalent, the scope of such application shall be construed as including the inclusion of one or more of the elements, neither necessarily nor completely excluded. Two or several cases of this component. The following patent claims are specifically directed to particular combinations and sub-combinations, which are one of the disclosed inventions and are novel but not obvious. Those inventions, if they belong to other combinations or sub-combinations of different features, functions, components and/or properties, may be requested in accordance with the current patent application scope of the present invention or the related application. Whether modified for different inventions or similar inventions, whether differentiated, broader, narrower or equivalent, compared to the scope of the original patent application, these modifications or new patent claims are still considered to be the subject matter of the present disclosure. within. (Please read the notes on the back and fill out this page.) Binding --------- 31 This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21〇 X 297 public)