;1287632 •九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種水文之量測方法與裝置，特別是一 • 種利用時域反射量測懸浮液中懸浮物濃度的方法與裝置 ， 者。 【先前技術】 習用之現地泥砂觀測技術除直接取樣主要分為有光 • 學、音波、雷射等三大類，其在現階段的應用上具有下列 之缺點： 1.目前泥沙含量之現場取樣方法，除了時間與人力成本 - 耗費之外，試體可能因為被擾動而失去代表性，無法確定 - 量測之準確度；另外，該人為取樣的方法，洪水期間施測 困難，無法立刻的取得試驗結果，也無法有效的反應現地 狀況。 $ 2.習用的現地泥砂濃度量測方法，其量測範圍遠小於台 灣泥砂運移觀測之需求（至少10萬ppm)。 3. 習用的各項泥砂濃度監測方法，僅能針對單一點量 測，礙於成本以及現場安裝考量，多點量測的效率過低， 無法有效的大範圍量測。 4. 此外，洪水期間為泥砂觀測之主要時機，但洪水時 _ 之高流速與夾帶之石塊與雜物，容易損壞精密儀器，因此 而習用的泥砂濃度現場監測設備在洪水期間容易損壞，儀 器更換之成本高。 、1287632 •， 因此，在河川流量變化大的區域，如台灣易有土石流產 生災害的地區，極需一種具備高濃度量測範圍、可兼顧空 間與時間解析度、及易維護之泥砂觀測技術及設備。 * 【發明内容】 有鑑於前述習用的泥砂濃度現場監測技術及其設備的 缺點，本發明人特別針對這些缺點加以研究改良，提出本 發明之一種利用時域反射量測懸浮液中懸浮物濃度的裝置 * 與方法，以期解決或減少前述之缺點。 本發明之主要目的在於提供一種利用時域反射量測懸 浮液中懸浮物濃度的方法，其能具備極大的量測範圍。 為達到上述目的，本發明中的利用時域反射量測懸浮 — 液中懸浮物濃度的方法，其主要係同時量測懸浮液以及液 相物質之之整體電學性質數值，並利用一已建立之電學性 質數值-懸浮液濃度之率定關係，來決定該懸浮液濃度。 Φ 由於在方法中，該導電度適合中低濃度懸浮液之高靈 敏度量測，介電度適合高濃度懸浮液之量測，因此本方法 具備極大的量測範圍，皆適合平時與洪水期間之觀測。 本發明之另一主要目的在於提供一種利用時域反射量 測懸浮液中懸浮物濃度的裝置，具有不易損壞、易更換且 成本低廉的特點。 - 為達到上述目的，本發明中的利用時域反射量測懸浮 液中懸浮物濃度的裝置，其包含有： 一懸浮液感測單元，用以偵測懸浮液之電學性質數值； 1287632 一液相感測單元，用以债測懸浮液中液相物質之電學 性質數值；與 一同時連接懸浮液感測單元與液相感測單元的時域反 射儀’該時域反射儀接受連接懸浮液感測單元與液相感測 單元所偵測所得的電學性質數值，以計算出懸浮物濃度。 裝置中探測器可藉由反射波形檢測整個監測線路之狀 態’提供自我診斷之功能，並具有不易損壞、易更換且成 本低廉等優點，增加本發明之應用方便性與裝置本身的實 用價值。 【實施方式】 本發明係關於—種利用時域反射（TDR，Time Domain Reflection)量測懸浮液中懸浮物濃度方法及其裝置，方法 中主要係同時量測懸浮液以及液相物質之之整體電學性質 數值’並利用一已建立之電學性質數值_懸浮液濃度之率定 關係’來決定該懸浮液濃度。其中，率定關係中的電學性 質數值可替換為懸浮液以及液相物質之電學性質數值的差 值’而電學性質數值可為介電度（dielectricity)、導電度 (conductivity)或介電頰譜(制⑽也 spectnjm)。 W述方法概念之較佳實施例，主要包括有如第一圖所 示之下列步驟： 量測一已知導電度液體之時域反射波型穩態值以標定 時域反射導電度量_之參數··其為量測已知導電度液體之 TDR反射波型穩態值p〇〇，並由公式 ，1287632BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a hydrological measurement method and apparatus, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for measuring the concentration of suspended matter in a suspension using time domain reflectance. By. [Prior Art] In addition to direct sampling, the existing mud sand observation technology is mainly divided into three categories: light, science, sound wave, and laser. It has the following shortcomings in the current application: 1. On-site sampling of current sediment content In addition to time and labor costs - cost, the test body may lose its representativeness due to disturbance, and it is impossible to determine - the accuracy of the measurement; in addition, the person is a sampling method, and it is difficult to obtain the test during the flood. The test results also failed to effectively reflect the local conditions. $ 2. The current method for measuring the concentration of mud and sand in the field, the measurement range is much smaller than the demand for muddy sand migration observation in Taiwan (at least 100,000 ppm). 3. The conventional mud sand concentration monitoring methods can only be used for single point measurement. Due to cost and on-site installation considerations, the efficiency of multi-point measurement is too low to be effective for large-scale measurement. 4. In addition, the flood period is the main time for mud sand observation, but the high flow rate during flooding and the entrained stones and debris can easily damage the precision instruments. Therefore, the conventional mud sand concentration field monitoring equipment is easily damaged during flooding. The cost of replacement is high. 1287632 • Therefore, in areas where river flow varies greatly, such as areas where disasters are likely to occur in Taiwan, there is a need for a mud sand observation technology that has a high concentration measurement range, can take into account space and time resolution, and is easy to maintain. device. * [Summary of the Invention] In view of the above-mentioned conventional mud-sand concentration on-site monitoring technology and its equipment, the inventors have made research and improvement especially for these disadvantages, and proposed a time-domain reflectance measurement of suspended matter concentration in a suspension using the present invention. Devices* and methods to resolve or reduce the aforementioned shortcomings. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A primary object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the concentration of suspended matter in a suspension using time domain reflectance, which can have an extremely large measurement range. In order to achieve the above object, the method for measuring the concentration of suspended matter in a suspension by using time domain reflectance in the present invention mainly measures the overall electrical property values of the suspension and the liquid phase at the same time, and utilizes an established The relationship between the electrical property value and the suspension concentration determines the concentration of the suspension. Φ Because the conductivity is suitable for the high sensitivity measurement of medium and low concentration suspensions in the method, and the dielectricity is suitable for the measurement of high concentration suspensions, this method has a great measurement range, which is suitable for normal and flood periods. Observation. Another main object of the present invention is to provide a device for measuring the concentration of suspended matter in a suspension using time domain reflectance, which is characterized by being less susceptible to damage, easy to replace, and low in cost. In order to achieve the above object, the apparatus for measuring the concentration of suspended matter in a suspension by using a time domain reflectance in the present invention comprises: a suspension sensing unit for detecting the electrical property value of the suspension; 1287632 one liquid a phase sensing unit for measuring the electrical property value of the liquid phase substance in the suspension; and a time domain reflectometer connecting the suspension sensing unit and the liquid phase sensing unit simultaneously; the time domain reflectometer accepting the connection suspension The electrical property values detected by the sensing unit and the liquid phase sensing unit are used to calculate the suspended matter concentration. The detector in the device can detect the state of the entire monitoring line by reflecting waveforms, and provides self-diagnosis function, and has the advantages of being not easily damaged, easy to replace, and low in cost, etc., and increases the application convenience of the present invention and the practical value of the device itself. [Embodiment] The present invention relates to a method for measuring the concentration of suspended matter in a suspension by using Time Domain Reflection (TDR), and a device thereof, which mainly measures the whole of the suspension and the liquid phase at the same time. The electrical property value 'and the relationship between the established electrical properties value_suspension concentration' is used to determine the concentration of the suspension. Wherein, the electrical property value in the stoichiometric relationship can be replaced by the difference in the electrical property values of the suspension and the liquid phase material, and the electrical property value can be dielectricity, conductivity, or dielectric cheek spectrum. (System (10) also spectnjm). The preferred embodiment of the method concept includes the following steps as shown in the first figure: measuring the steady-state value of the time domain reflection waveform of a known conductivity liquid to reflect the conductivity metric of the calibration domain. · It is the TDR reflection waveform steady-state value p〇〇 of the known conductivity liquid, and is calculated by the formula 1287632
來標定參數α、β ; 量測一懸浮液的TDR反射波形以決定懸浮液之電學性 質（匕及σ); 量測懸浮液中純粹之液相物質的TDR反射波形以決定 液相物質之電學性質（Kap及σρ); 計算懸浮液與液相物質的之電學性質差值（Kap_Ka)以 及(σ，σρ); 建立濃度與(Kap-Ka)以及（σ-σρ)之率定關係； 隨機量測懸浮液之電學性質（Kar& 〇r)以取得電學性 質差值(Kap-Kar)以及並藉由該率定關係決定懸浮液 的濃度。 以水-泥砂混合物的懸浮液為例，其純液體為水相，在 本發明中利用量測水-泥砂混合物之整體電學性質（Ka，σ) 以及水相電學性質（Kaw，ow)，並計算出電學性質差值 (Kaw-Kar)以及（Gr-Gw)，以藉由率定關係決定水-泥砂混合 物的濃度。 另外，本發明中包含應用該方法之裝置，其包括：一 懸浮液感測單元，用以偵測懸浮液之電學性質數值； 一液相感測單元，用以偵測懸浮液中液相物質之電學 性質數值；與 一同時連接懸浮液感測單元與液相感測單元的時域反 射儀，該時域反射儀接受連接懸浮液感測單元與液相感測 1287632 ’ 單元所偵測所得的電學性質數值，以計算出懸浮物濃度。 偵測標的的懸浮物可為下列群組：砂石、粉土、黏土、 • 泥土之顆粒或其混合物；而液相物質可為水，亦可為任何 其他液態物質，但必須經過率定驗證。 前述裝置之較佳實施例如第四圖所示，其包括有：一水 -泥砂混合物電學性質感測器（7,即為懸浮液感測單元）、一 水相電學性質感測器（8，即為液相感測單元）、一多工器（9) _ 與一時域反射儀（10)。其中該水-泥砂混合物電學性質感測 為（7)係放置入水-泥砂混合物懸浮液中，而水相電學性質减 測器（8)裝設於水-泥砂混合物電學性質感測器（7)上方，兩 者共同連接至多工器（9)上並進一步連接時域反射儀（Time domain refleetometer) (Η))。 其中，本發明裝置中水-泥砂混合物電學性質感測器（7) 的較佳實施例如第二圖所示，該水_泥砂混合物電學性質减 測裔（7)主要構造乃利用一同軸型傳輸線（丨）透過—内外 • 導體連接電線（3)與至少一根的量測探桿（2)連結，再 採用一絕緣材質保護外殼（4)固定同軸式傳輸線（丨）與 複數根量測探棒（2)之連接，組裝成為一多桿式導波器 (Multiple-rod w講guide)，用以感應量測探桿周圍之水_ 泥砂混合物之整體電學性質，包含介電度t及導電度〇。 此外，該水-泥砂混合物電學性質感測器之式可為同軸式、 • 多根量測探棒式或貫入器式。 : 其中，本發明裝置中水相電學性質感測器（8)的較佳實 施例如第三圖所示，該水相電學性質感測器（8)包括有一類 ;1287632 似第二圖之微型電學性質感測器⑺ ，生質感測器⑸的半透封閉體，如圖二可=該微 端:二(2 ’並有:個封ί蓋(13)設於透水石(:)之:Ϊ 水石:)中:：之:二二，石⑹可阻止泥砂進人透 代工内和使付微型電學性質感測器⑺ 電學性質，包含水相介電度^及水相導電^ 上述中空透水石（6)亦可為其他過濾裝置。 w 再配合參考第四圖所示，本發料置較佳實施例的配 中’上述兩種感卿（7,8)由_式傳輸線（ι 至該同軸齡多工器⑼’再進—步由同軸式傳輪線⑴^ 接至時域反射儀（1G) ’為了順利將感測器（7,8)沈人水中， 常透過一懸掛鋼纜（Π)將垂掛鉛錘（12)與感測器（7 8 結合。 ’ 當本發明之利用時域反射量測懸浮液中懸浮物濃度的 裝置操作時，由時域反射儀（1〇)發出電磁方波’經由同 Φ 轴纜線多工态（9)選擇路徑，分別將電磁波導入水-泥砂 混合物電學性質感測器（7)及水相 電學性質感測器（8 )， 由兩感測态（7,8)之電磁波反射訊號，可分別決定水_泥砂混 合物之電學性質（Ka及σ)及水相之電學性質（Kaw& crw)。 由TDR反射訊號決定電學性質之方法如下所述。 典变之TDR反射波形如第五圖所示，由方波之第一及 - 第二反射點，可決定電磁波於電學性質感測器内之來回走 , 時纟（sec)，經由下式可決定受測體之介電度： [i] •1287632To calibrate the parameters α, β; measure the TDR reflection waveform of a suspension to determine the electrical properties of the suspension (匕 and σ); measure the TDR reflection waveform of the pure liquid substance in the suspension to determine the electrical properties of the liquid phase Properties (Kap and σρ); Calculate the difference between the electrical properties of the suspension and the liquid phase (Kap_Ka) and (σ, σρ); establish the relationship between the concentration and (Kap-Ka) and (σ-σρ); The electrical properties of the suspension (Kar& 〇r) were measured to obtain the difference in electrical properties (Kap-Kar) and the concentration of the suspension was determined by the ratio. Taking a suspension of a water-sand mixture as an example, the pure liquid is an aqueous phase, and in the present invention, the overall electrical properties (Ka, σ) of the water-mud mixture and the electrical properties of the aqueous phase (Kaw, ow) are measured, and The difference in electrical properties (Kaw-Kar) and (Gr-Gw) were calculated to determine the concentration of the water-sand mixture by a fixed relationship. In addition, the present invention includes a device for applying the method, comprising: a suspension sensing unit for detecting the electrical property value of the suspension; and a liquid phase sensing unit for detecting the liquid phase in the suspension The electrical property value; a time domain reflectometer connected to the suspension sensing unit and the liquid phase sensing unit, the time domain reflectometer receiving the connection of the suspension sensing unit and the liquid phase sensing 1287632' unit The electrical property values are used to calculate the suspended solids concentration. The suspended matter detected by the target may be the following group: sand, silt, clay, • particles of soil or a mixture thereof; and the liquid substance may be water or any other liquid substance, but must be verified by rate. . A preferred embodiment of the foregoing apparatus is shown in FIG. 4, which includes: a water-sludge mixture electrical property sensor (7, that is, a suspension sensing unit), and an aqueous phase electrical property sensor (8, That is, the liquid phase sensing unit), a multiplexer (9) _ and a time domain reflectometer (10). Wherein the electrical property of the water-sand mixture is sensed as (7) placed in a suspension of water-sand mixture, and the aqueous electrical property reducer (8) is installed in a water-sludge mixture electrical property sensor (7) Above, the two are connected together to the multiplexer (9) and further connected to a Time domain refleetometer (Η). Wherein the preferred embodiment of the water-mud mixture electrical property sensor (7) of the apparatus of the present invention is shown in the second figure, the water-sludge mixture is electrically degraded (7) and the main structure is a coaxial transmission line. (丨) through the internal and external • conductor connection wire (3) and at least one measuring probe (2), and then use an insulating material to protect the casing (4) fixed coaxial transmission line (丨) and multiple roots The connection of the rod (2) is assembled into a multi-rod guide (multiple-rod w guide) for sensing the overall electrical properties of the water around the probe _ mud-sand mixture, including dielectric t and conduction Degree. In addition, the water-mud mixture electrical property sensor can be of the coaxial type, a multi-measurement probe or a penetration type. Wherein the preferred embodiment of the aqueous phase electrical property sensor (8) of the apparatus of the present invention is shown in the third figure, the aqueous phase electrical property sensor (8) comprises a class; 1287632 is similar to the second figure. The semi-transparent enclosure of the electrical property sensor (7), the biosensor (5), as shown in Figure 2, the microend: two (2' and one: the cover (13) is located in the permeable stone (:): Ϊ Water stone:) Medium::2:2, stone (6) can prevent mud sand from entering the workmanship and make the micro-electricity sensor (7) Electrical properties, including water phase dielectric degree ^ and water phase conductivity ^ The permeable stone (6) can also be other filtering devices. w With reference to the fourth figure, the present invention is placed in the matching of the preferred embodiment. 'The above two senses (7, 8) are re-entered by the _ type transmission line (ι to the coaxial age multiplexer (9)' Step by the coaxial transfer line (1) ^ to the time domain reflectometer (1G) 'In order to smoothly sink the sensor (7, 8) into the water, often a hanging wire rope (Π) will hang the plumb bob (12) In combination with the sensor (7 8 '. When the device of the present invention uses the time domain reflectance to measure the concentration of suspended matter in the suspension, the electromagnetic square wave is emitted by the time domain reflectometer (1 〇) via the same Φ axis cable Line multi-mode (9) selects the path, respectively, to introduce electromagnetic waves into the water-mud sand mixture electrical property sensor (7) and the water phase electrical property sensor (8), the electromagnetic waves from the two sensing states (7, 8) The reflected signal can determine the electrical properties (Ka and σ) of the water-sludge mixture and the electrical properties of the water phase (Kaw& crw). The method for determining the electrical properties by the TDR reflection signal is as follows: The TDR reflection waveform of the typical change As shown in the fifth figure, the first wave and the second reflection point of the square wave can determine the electromagnetic wave in the electrical property sensor. Go back, when the Si (sec), measured by the degree of dielectric material may be determined by the following formula: [i] • 1287632
其中Z為感測器之量測探桿長度，c(2.998xl(T8m/sec) 為光速。由分波反射之最終穩態值（如第五圖所示之/>〇〇 ) 可決定試測體之導電度"導電度與p oo之倒數成線性關係’ 可表示為：Where Z is the length of the probe, c (2.998xl (T8m/sec) is the speed of light. The final steady state value of the split reflection (such as /> 〇〇 shown in Figure 5) can be determined The conductivity of the test body "the conductivity is linear with the reciprocal of p oo ' can be expressed as:
其中α、Θ為感測器參數，可事先利用已知導電度之 液體標定其值。 利用兩種感測器（7,8)可分別量測得到水-泥砂混合物 之電學性質（Ka及σ)及水相之電學性質（Kaw& gw)，研 發結果顯示介電度參數（Kaw-Ka)及導電度參數（σ-σν) 與泥砂濃度具有良好的相關性，與水相的性質無關。以一 黏土質粉土為例，其泥砂濃度（單位為ppm，每公升之水 • 所含多少毫克mg之泥砂）與電學性質（Kaw-Ka及σ-σ〜） 之率定結果如第六圖及第七圖所示，圖中可發現介電度參 數（Kaw-Ka)及導電度參數（σ-σ〜）與泥砂濃度成良好正 相關，可分別以線性關係及二次式關係表示之。 透過水-泥砂混合物電學性質感測器（7)及水相電學 性質感測器（8)對待測水-泥砂混合物進行量測，以得到 ^ 待測水-泥砂混合物之介電度參數（Kaw-Ka)與導電度參數 : ()，便可利用上述介電度參數或導電度參數與泥砂濃 • 1287632 ‘度之率定關係結果，推估泥水混合物之泥沙濃度。其中， 導電度參數適合中低濃度、高靈敏度之量測，介電度則較 適合高濃度之量測。 " 由於TDR屬寬頻量測技術（10 kHz-1. 5 GHz)，透過 ' 頻譜分析可進一步決定電學性質之頻譜反應，受到泥砂濃 度與泥砂種類之影響，電學頻譜呈現不同的反應，視介電 度（Ka)及DC導電度（σ)配合複數介電頻譜，可進一步 研擬同時決定泥砂種類與泥砂含量的方法。 * 縱上所述，本發明之利用時域反射量測懸浮液中懸浮 物濃度的裝置與方法具有以下之技術特點： 1. 本發明之方法中利用時域反射之原理量測水-泥砂混 ^ 合物及水相本身之介電度與導電度，再利用此兩項電學性 • 質與泥砂濃度之率定關係，推測泥砂濃度。導電度適合中 低濃度、高靈敏度之量測，介電度適合超高濃度之量測， 因此本發明具備極大的量測範圍，可適合平時與洪水期間 Φ 之觀測。 2. 本發明與傳統濁度量測之制式設備之不同點，在於 本發明之裝置可依量測環境不同簡易地設計與製作符合需 求的前端探測器，透過適當之標定即可進行量測。 3. 本發明之裝置可一機多點監測，可遠端自動化，達 到兼顧空間與時間解析度。 - 4.本發明之裝置其前端水中之探測器不含任何電子零 : 件，不易損壞，若損壞，僅需更換便宜的前端探測器，監 測系統維護成本低。且由反射波形可檢測整個監測線路之 12 1287632 狀態，提供自我診斷之功能。 5.TDR之6又備在配合其他的測試儀器之後， 其他水文觀測功能，例如水位、水深、土壤含水b 具備 等，可擴充為一機多功。 3 里、雨量 如上所迷 十奴η兀王付合專利三要件：新 、 步性和產業上的利用性。本發明在上文中已以較佳徐:進 揭露’然熟習本項技術者應理解的是，該實施例僅 繪本發明’而不應解讀為限制本剌之範圍。應注;曰描 舉凡與該實施解狀變化與置換，均應設 明之範《«内。因此’本發明之保護範圍當以下文之2發 利範園所界定者為準。 明專 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖：本發明中方法之一較佳實施例的簡單流輕圖。 第二圖：本發明中裝置之水泥砂混合物電學性質减則 器。 、 弟二圖：本發明中装置之水相電學性質感測器。 第四圖：本發明中裝置之TDR泥砂濃度感測系統。 第五圖：本發明中電學性質感測器之反射波形。 第六圖：本發明中介電度與泥砂濃度之率定關係。 弟七圖·本發明中導電度與泥砂濃度之率定關係。 【主要元件符號說明】 1同軸式傳輸線Where α and Θ are sensor parameters, which can be calibrated in advance using a liquid of known conductivity. The electrical properties (Ka and σ) of the water-mud mixture and the electrical properties of the aqueous phase (Kaw& gw) can be measured by two sensors (7, 8), respectively. The development results show the dielectric parameters (Kaw- Ka) and the conductivity parameter (σ-σν) have a good correlation with the muddy sand concentration, regardless of the nature of the aqueous phase. Taking a clayy silty soil as an example, the sediment concentration (in ppm, per liter of water • how many milligrams of mg of muddy sand) and the electrical properties (Kaw-Ka and σ-σ~) are as follows. As shown in the figure and the seventh figure, it can be found that the dielectric parameter (Kaw-Ka) and the conductivity parameter (σ-σ~) are positively correlated with the muddy sand concentration, and can be expressed by linear relationship and quadratic relationship, respectively. It. The water-mud mixture is measured by a water-mud mixture electrical property sensor (7) and an aqueous phase electrical property sensor (8) to obtain a dielectric parameter of the water-mud mixture to be tested (Kaw) -Ka) and conductivity parameter: (), the sediment concentration of the muddy water mixture can be estimated by using the above dielectric parameter or conductivity parameter and the ratio of the mud sand concentration to 1287632' degree. Among them, the conductivity parameter is suitable for the measurement of medium and low concentration and high sensitivity, and the dielectric degree is suitable for the measurement of high concentration. " Since TDR is a broadband measurement technology (10 kHz-1. 5 GHz), the spectral response of the electrical properties can be further determined by 'spectral analysis. Influenced by the concentration of mud and sand and the type of muddy sand, the electrical spectrum exhibits different responses. The electrical (Ka) and DC conductivity (σ) combined with the complex dielectric spectrum can further study the method of determining the type of mud and sand and sand. * In the above, the apparatus and method for measuring the concentration of suspended matter in a suspension using time domain reflectance have the following technical features: 1. The method of the present invention uses the principle of time domain reflection to measure water-mud sand mixing The dielectric and electrical conductivity of the compound and the aqueous phase itself, and then the relationship between the two electrical properties and the concentration of the muddy sand is used to estimate the concentration of the muddy sand. The conductivity is suitable for the measurement of medium and low concentration and high sensitivity, and the dielectric degree is suitable for the measurement of ultra-high concentration. Therefore, the invention has a great measurement range and can be adapted to the observation of Φ during normal and flood periods. 2. The difference between the present invention and the conventional turbidity measurement system device is that the device of the present invention can easily design and manufacture a front-end detector that meets the requirements according to the measurement environment, and can perform measurement through appropriate calibration. 3. The device of the invention can be monitored by multiple points in one machine, and can be remotely automated to achieve both spatial and temporal resolution. - 4. The device of the device of the present invention does not contain any electronic components in the water at the front end, and is not easily damaged. If it is damaged, only a cheap front-end detector needs to be replaced, and the maintenance cost of the monitoring system is low. The reflected waveform can detect the status of 12 1287632 of the entire monitoring line, providing self-diagnosis. 5. TDR 6 is also equipped with other test instruments, other hydrological observation functions, such as water level, water depth, soil water b, etc., can be expanded into one machine. 3, the amount of rain as mentioned above Ten slaves, 兀 兀 Wang Fuhe patent three elements: new, step and industrial use. The present invention has been described in the above, and it is to be understood that the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Note: The description of the changes and the replacement of the implementation of the solution should be set to the "following". Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention is subject to the definition of the following two. Mingzhu [Simplified description of the drawings] The first figure: a simple flow diagram of a preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention. Second Figure: Electrical properties of the cement sand mixture of the device of the present invention. 2, Figure 2: The aqueous phase electrical property sensor of the device of the present invention. Figure 4: TDR mud sand concentration sensing system of the device of the present invention. Figure 5: Reflection waveform of the electrical property sensor of the present invention. Figure 6: The relationship between the dielectric power of the present invention and the concentration of muddy sand.七七图· The relationship between the conductivity and the concentration of the muddy sand in the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 1 coaxial transmission line
13 •1287632 2量測探桿 3内外導體連接電線 4絕緣材質保護外殼 5電學性質感測器 6中空透水石 7水-泥砂混合物電學性質感測器 8水相電學性質感測器 9同軸纜線多工器 10時域反射儀 11懸掛鋼線 12垂掛鉛錘 13封水蓋13 • 1287632 2 measuring probe 3 inner and outer conductor connecting wire 4 insulation material protective shell 5 electrical property sensor 6 hollow permeable stone 7 water - mud sand mixture electrical property sensor 8 water phase electrical property sensor 9 coaxial cable Multiplexer 10 time domain reflectometer 11 suspension steel wire 12 hanging plumb 13 water cover