(1) ^ 1284222 ; 九、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明涉及實現寬視角和高速回應特性的OCB ( Optically Compensated Birefringence，光學補償彎曲）模 式液晶顯示裝置。 【先前技術】 • 近年來，液晶顯示裝置中一種被稱爲OCB (光學補償 彎曲）模式的顯示方式引起關注（例如參照專利文獻1、2 )。該OCB模式爲將使一對基板之間夾著的液晶層呈放射 配向狀態，在施加驅動電壓時轉移成彎曲配向狀態的液晶 面板（Π單元），與進行該液晶面板的光學補償的光學補 償膜加以組合，藉由這樣實現寬視角和高回應特性的模式 。但是，在該OCB模式中，使初期處於放射配向狀態的液 晶層快速地轉移成彎曲配向狀態並不容易，需要10V左右 • 的高電壓，而施加這樣高的電壓在驅動電壓的控制上是非 常困難的。並且，要在所有的畫素上產生這樣的液晶層轉 移並不容易，殘留下的液晶層沒有轉移的一部分畫素成爲 缺陷而大大降低了面板的顯示品質。 因此，專利文獻1所記載的液晶面板爲了促進液晶層 從放射配向狀態向彎曲配向狀態轉移，提出了設置用介電 常數比該液晶層大的材質形成的突起部的方案。但是，該 液晶面板雖然以這樣的突起部爲起點促進液晶層從放射配 向狀態向彎曲配向狀態轉移，但存在爲了保持一對基板的 * 1284222 • « (2) ^ 相對間隔均等而被分散到液晶層中的多個間隔物使該轉移 中途停止的問題。因此，爲了在所有的畫素上快速地產生 這樣的轉移，還必須繼續施加上述高的驅動電壓。並且， 這樣的突起部其材料的選擇範圍窄，在基板上形成時要增 加許多工序，招致成本增加。而且，在形成專利文獻1所 記載的導電性突起部時，帶來基板間的泄漏現象般之致命 問題的可能性極高，導入形成這樣的突起部的製程，事實 # 上是不可能。 而專利文獻2所記載的液晶面板爲了藉由施加數V左右 的初始化電壓使液晶層容易地從放射配向狀態轉移到彎曲 配向狀態，提出了在配向膜的介面上設置施加電壓時液晶 分子的豎起方向與周圍液晶分子的豎起方向相反的區域的 方案。但是，當在配向膜的介面上設置這樣的區域時，必 須在配向膜的被分割的每個區域中實施方向不周的摩擦處 理，而要確保在該區域邊界部的配向處理的位置精度，通 • 常的摩擦處理是非常困難的。例如，使用開有孔的罩幕（ 模板）的罩幕摩擦以5〜ΙΟμιη以下的位置精度控制該區域 邊界是極其困難的，即使可以控制位置，憑藉用摩擦布進 行的配向處理也不能清晰地分隔區域的邊界。結果在區域 '邊界部產生目視都能觀察到的顯示模糊。 而爲了清晰地分隔出該區域邊界，提出了首先在配向 膜上實施第1方向的配向處理，接著用光阻在該配向膜上 形成罩幕，然後在該配向膜上實施第2方向的配向處理， 最後除去光阻的方法。（參照例如專利文獻3 )。但是， -5- (3) 1284222 在這樣使用了光阻的濕式配向處理的情況下，容易產生在 配向膜上殘留液體或污點的問題，並且要想從配向膜上完 全除去它們是不可能的。因此，這不僅成爲顯示面內不均 勻的原因，而且使消耗電流値增加，在例如高溫動作時電 流値的增加會引起顯示不均勻。 [專利文獻1] 日本特許第3 4 1 72 1 8號公報 [專利文獻2] 日本特開2000-66208號公報 [專利文獻3] 日本特開平7-28 06 7號公報 【發明內容】 因此，本發明就是鑒於以往這樣的問題提出的方案， 其目的是要提供一種即使不施加高的驅動電壓也能夠快速 且穩定地產生液晶層從放射配向狀態向彎曲配向狀態的轉 移，的液晶顯示裝置。 爲了達到上述目的，本發明的液晶顯示裝置的特徵在 • 於，具備液晶面板，該液晶面板具有一對基板、OCB模式 的液晶層、以及間隔物，一對基板彼此相對配置，在相互 的對置面上分別形成有電極和配向膜；OCB模式的液晶層 藉由配向膜使被封入到一對基板之間的向列液晶放射配向 ，並且藉由施加在電極之間的驅動電壓使被放射配向的向 列液晶向彎曲配向轉移；間隔物被配置在液晶層內，使一 對基板的相對間隔保持均等；在間隔物上施予促進液晶層 從放射配向狀態向彎曲配向狀態轉移的表面處理。 並且，本發明的液晶顯示裝置的特徵在於，在間隔物 冬 (4) •1284222 ' 上施予使液晶層的液晶分子沿其表面大致水平地配向的表 面處理。 並且，本發明的液晶顯示裝置的特徵在於，間隔物爲 球狀。 並且，本發明的液晶顯示裝置的特徵在於，配向膜至 少具有給液晶層的液晶分子賦予預傾斜的、沿第1方向交 替地重複有凹部和突起部的凹凸形狀，並且各突起部在第 • 1方向上的截面形狀爲夾著其頂尖部而左右不對稱的形狀 〇 並且，本發明的液晶顯示裝置的特徵在於，突起部具 有從頂尖部向第1方向傾斜的第1傾斜面和從頂尖部向與第 1方向相反的方向傾斜的第2傾斜面，並且第1傾斜面相對 於基板的傾斜角度比第2傾斜面相對於基板的傾斜角度大 〇 並且，本發明的液晶顯示裝置的特徵在於，配向膜具 • 有沿與第1方向交叉的第2方向交替地重複有凹部和突起部 的凹凸形狀，並且沿第1方向重複的凹凸形狀的間距比沿 第2方向重複的凹凸形狀的間距大。 並且，本發明的液晶顯示裝置的特徵在於，一方基板 側的配向膜與另一方基板側的配向膜被賦予彼此相反方向 的預傾角，以使由一方基板側的配向膜賦予液晶層的液晶 分子預傾斜的方向與由另一方基板側的配向膜賦予液晶層 的液晶分子預傾斜的方向彼此相同。 並且，本發明的液晶顯示裝置的特徵在於，向列液晶 -7- (5) 1284222 具有正的介電各向異性。 發明的效果：如上所述，本發明的液晶顯示裝置藉由 施予上述表面處理的間隔物即使不施加高的驅動電壓也能 夠使液晶層從放射配向狀態向彎曲配向狀態的轉移快速且 穩定地產生。因此，憑藉該液晶顯示裝置不僅能夠擴大液 晶面板的視野角度，而且能夠大幅度提高回應速度。 • 【實施方式】 下面參照附圖詳細說明使用了本發明的液晶顯示裝置 。另外，爲了使特徵易於理解，以下的說明中使用的附圖 有可能將特徵部分放大表示，各構成要素的尺寸比例等不 一定與實際的相同。 如圖1所示，使用了本發明的液晶顯示裝置1具備OCB 模式的液晶面板2。該液晶面板2爲例如採用了主動矩陣驅 動方式的透射型彩色液晶顯示板，用與紅、綠、藍這3原 • 色相對應的3個像點（次畫素）構成一個單位畫素（ picture cell)，同時在一個一個像點上設置主動元件來控 制各畫素的點亮，由此進行彩色顯示。 具體爲，該液晶面板2具備彼此相對配置的一對基板3 和4、夾在這對基板3、4之間作爲調光層的液晶層5。並且 ，一對基板3、4用玻璃或塑膠等矩形透明基板形成，藉由 分散在液晶層5內的多個間隔物6保持彼此相對的間隔均等 ，同時其周圍邊緣用密封材料（圖中沒有表示）密封，連 接成一體。 -8- (6) •1284222 ^ 一對基板3、4中的一個（背面側）基板3如圖1和圖2 所示爲所謂主動矩陣基板，其與液晶層5相對的面上矩陣 狀地排列有多個作爲開關元件的TFT ( Thin Film Transistor，薄膜電晶體）7而形成。該TFT7的結構爲從基 板3側開始依次層疊有閘極電極8、閘極絕緣層9、半導體 層1 〇、1 1、源極電極1 2和汲極電極1 3的逆交錯型結構。即 ，在覆蓋最下層的閘極電極8的閘極絕緣層9上跨過閘極電 # 極8地形成孤立（島狀）的半導體層10，同時在該半導體 層10的一端夾著半導體層11形成主動電極12，在該半導體 層10的另一端夾著半導體層11形成汲極電極13。另外，在 半導體層II上形成有孤立的絕緣層14，用該絕緣層14使源 極電極12與汲極電極13之間絕緣。並且，該絕緣層14在形 成半導體層11時還具有作爲保護該半導體層11的刻蝕加工 阻擋層的作用。 並且，在基板3的與液晶層5相對的面上沿圖2中的箭 Φ 頭X的方向（行方向）彼此平行地形成有多條並列的與各 TFT7的閘極電極8電連接的掃描線15，並且沿圖2中的箭頭 Y的方向（列方向）形成有多條並列的與各T F τ 7的源極電 極1 2電連接的信號線1 6。即，這些掃描線1 5和信號線1 6沿 互相垂直的方向形成有多條’在這些掃描線15與信號線16 的交叉位置附近形成有上述TFT7。另外，由這些掃描線15 和信號線1 6分隔成分割狀的一個個矩形區域形成與各像點 相對應的基板3側的像點對應區域，藉由使這些像點對應 區域多個排列成矩陣狀，整體形成液晶面板2的顯示區域 (7) •1284222 ' 。並且，在該顯示區域的外側區域設置有圖示省略掉的給 各掃描線1 5施加選擇脈衝的掃描驅動器和給各信號線1 6施 加顯示電壓的信號驅動器。 並且，在該基板3的與液晶層5相對的面上形成覆蓋上 述TFT7、掃描線15和信號線16的絕緣膜17。並且，在該絕 緣膜17上形成有與上述各TFT7的汲極電極13相鄰的接觸孔 1 8。並且，在該絕緣膜1 7上與各像點相對應地形成排列成 鲁矩陣狀的多列通過接觸孔18與各TFT7的汲極電極13電連接 的畫素電極19。該畫素電極19用ITO ( Indium-Tin Oxide， 銦-錫氧化物）等透明導電材料形成，形成爲矩形形狀覆 蓋上述各像點對應區域的幾乎整個區域。並且，在形成了 該畫素電極19的基板3上依次形成後面將詳細敘述的形成 爲凹凸形狀的樹脂層20和控制液晶層5的配向的配向膜2 1 〇 而在另一方（正面側的）基板4的與液晶層5相對置的 • 面上依次層疊形成有：形成爲後面將詳細敘述的凹凸狀的 樹脂層22 ;分隔與各像點相對應的像點對應區域的遮光性 黑矩陣層23;在由該黑矩陣層23分隔成的每個樹脂層22的 像點對應區域內埋入例如紅（R )、綠（G )、藍（B )的 彩色濾光片形成的，並且這些彩色濾光片被周期性地排列 的彩色濾光片層24 ;用ITO ( Indium-Tin Oxide，銦-錫氧 化物）等的透明導電材料形成的對置電極25 ;控制液晶層 5的配向的配向膜26。具體爲，在該樹脂層22上，由條紋 狀的黑矩陣層23分隔成分割狀的、由該黑矩陣層23分隔的 -10- • 1284222 … (8) * 1個個矩形狀區域形成與各像點對應的基板4側的像點對應 區域。並且，黑矩陣層2 3爲用於防止各彩色濾光片之間的 光混色的遮光壁，在由該黑矩陣層23分隔出的各像點對應 區域內埋入形成紅（R )、綠（G )、藍（B )的彩色濾光 片中的任意一種。彩色濾光片層24具有這些色彩不同的彩 色濾光片周期性地排列成條紋狀或馬賽克狀的結構。因此 ，藉由在與各畫素的紅、綠、藍相對應的3個像點對應區 # 域的每一個內控制施加到畫素電極1 9與對置電極25之間的 驅動電壓，能夠控制各畫素的顯示顔色，由此可以進行液 晶面板2的彩色顯示。 液晶層5由密封到一方基板3側的配向膜2 1與另一方基 板4側的配向膜26之間的、具有正的介電各向異性的向列 液晶構成，由配向膜2 1、26使該向列液晶放射配向。而藉 由施加到畫素電極1 9與對置電極25之間的驅動電壓可以使 該放射配向後的向列液晶向彎曲配向轉移。 • 控制該液晶層5的配向的配向膜21、26如圖3所示，具 有給液晶層5的液晶分子賦予預傾斜的沿第1方向交替地重 複多個凹部27和突起部28的凹凸形狀，以及沿與該第1方 向交叉的第2方向交替地重複多個凹部29和突起部30的凹 凸形狀。並且，沿第1方向重複的凹凸形狀的間距P 1比沿 第2方向重複的凹凸形狀的間距P2長。這樣一來，藉由使 沿第1方向重複的凹凸形狀的間距P 1比沿第2方向重複的凹 凸形狀的間距P2長，後述的預傾角容易控制。另外，間距 P1在50μιη以下爲佳，間距P2在3.0μηι以下爲佳。最好是間 -11 - (9) 1284222 ' 距pl在20μηι以下，間距P2在1·2μιη以下爲佳。並且，第1 方向上的凹部27與突起部28間的高度尺寸dl及第2方向上 的凹部29與突起部30間的高度尺寸d2分別在0·5μιη以下爲 佳。 並且，各突起部28在第1方向上的截面形狀如圖4的示 意圖所示爲夾著其頂尖部2 8 a的左右非對稱的形狀。即， 該突起部28具有從頂尖部28a起向第1方向傾斜的第1傾斜 # 面28b和從頂尖部28a向與第1方向相反的方向傾斜的第2傾 斜面28c，並且第1傾斜面28b相對於基板3、4的傾斜角形 成爲比第2傾斜面28c相對於基板3、4的傾斜角0大。即， 各突起部28在第1方向上的截面形狀爲從其頂尖部28 a下垂 的垂線A分割的頂角的左右角度之比r 1 /r 2大於1的左右非 對稱的三角形形狀。這樣，藉由使各突起部28在第！方向 上:的截面形狀爲夾著其頂尖部28a成左右非對稱的形狀， 能夠提高液晶層5的配向性。另外，第2傾斜面2 8 c相對於 # 基板3、4的傾斜角0以〇 · 〇 1 °〜3 0 °爲佳。並且，從最優化 後述的預傾角這一點來看，上述角度之比r 1 /r 2是1.2以上 爲佳。並且，各突起部28在第2方向上的截面形狀可以是 類似於sin (正弦）波的形狀或梳櫛形狀、三角形形狀等 各種形狀。其中，三角形形狀在提高液晶層5的配向性上 最理想，也可以根據情況使該三角形的頂尖部爲圓形或平 坦形。 但是，這些配向膜21、26的凹凸形狀是藉由複製其下 面形成的絕緣層20、22的凹凸形狀而形成的。具體爲，作 -12- (10) •1284222 ' 爲這些配向膜2 1、26的形成方法，可以列舉例如將表面形 成了需要複製的細微凹凸形狀的複製模按壓在基板3、4上 成膜的樹脂層20、22上，將該細微的凹凸形狀複製到樹脂 層20、22上，然後在其上形成配向膜21、26，沿上述第1 方向對該配向膜21、26的表面實施摩擦處理的方法。 配向膜2 1、26由表面賦予了形狀各方異向性的例如聚 醯亞胺系、聚醯胺系、聚乙烯醇系、環氧系、改性環氧系 •、聚苯乙烯系、聚氨基甲酸脂系、聚烯烴系、丙烯基系等 高分子膜構成。另外，這些配向膜21、26的膜厚爲0.05〜 0.0 7 μιη左右。並且，爲了使由一方基板3側的配向膜21賦 予液晶層5的液晶分子的預傾斜的方向與由另一方基板4側 的配向膜26賦予液晶層5的液晶分子的預傾斜的方向彼此 相同，一方基板3側的配向膜2 1與另一方基板4側的配向膜 2 6被賦予彼此相反的預傾角。另外，該預傾角被控制在例 如Γ〜1 0 °的角度範圍內。並且，藉由使液晶層5的液晶分 鲁子沿上述第1方向的突起部28的第2傾斜面28c水平配向， 這些配向膜21、26處於使液晶層5呈放射配向的狀態。 具體而言如圖5模式性所示般，一方基板3側的配向膜 2 1藉由使突起部28的第2傾斜面28c向右上傾斜，使位於該 第2傾斜面28c附近的液晶層5的液晶分子5a呈向右上賦予 1°〜1〇°左右的預傾角的配向。而另一方基板4側的配向膜 2 6藉由使突起部2 8的第2傾斜面2 8 c向右下傾斜，使位於該 第2傾斜面28c附近的液晶層5的液晶分子5a呈向右下賦予 1°〜10°左右的預傾角的配向。並且，位於該液晶層5的中 -13- • 1284222 … (11) ’ 央附近的液晶分子5 a處於幾乎水平的配向的狀態。這樣一 來，一方基板3側的配向膜21與另一方基板4側的配向膜26 之間的液晶層5在未施加電壓時處於圖5所示的放射配向狀 態。 而在施加電壓時，處於該放射配向狀態的液晶層5向 彎曲配向狀態轉移。具體而言如圖6模式性所示般，當在 上述畫素電極19與對置電極25之間施加驅動電壓時，一方 鲁基板3側的配向膜21側的位於突起部28的第2傾斜面28c附 近的液晶層5的液晶分子5a處於相對於傾斜面28c豎起的狀 態，另一方基板4側的配向膜26側的位於突起部28的第2傾 斜面28c附近的液晶層5的液晶分子5a處於相對於傾斜面 28c豎起的狀態。並且，位於其間的液晶分子5a藉由仿效 這些豎起的液晶分子5a而配向，處於整體排列成弓形的狀 態。並且，液晶層5的中央附近的液晶分子5 a處於幾乎垂 直地配向的狀態。這樣一來，一方基板3側的配向膜2 1與 0 另一方基板4側的配向膜26之間的液晶層5在施加電壓時如 圖6所示那樣向彎曲配向狀態轉移。 但是，在被分散到液晶層5內的上述間隔物6上施予促 使上述液晶層5從放射配向狀態向彎曲配向狀態轉移的表 面處理。具體爲，在該間隔物6上施予使液晶層5的液晶分 子5 a沿其球狀表面幾乎水平地配向的表面處理。該表面處 理可以使用例如能够與間隙物6的表面相結合的具有2個極 性作用基（-NH2、-CONH等）的矽烷耦合劑，例如r -甲 基丙烯醯氧丙基三甲氧基矽烷、或r-環氧丙氧基丙基三 -14- (12) • 1284222 ' 甲氧基矽烷、4-氨基苯丙基三甲氧基矽烷、N-(三甲氧基 甲矽烷基丙烷）·乙二胺等。另外，它們也可以將水、水 與甲醇的混合液、或乙醇等作爲溶劑使用，無論哪種都可 以以0.0 1〜2wt%的濃度來使用。並且，溶劑中乙醇類的濃 度爲1〜20wt°/〇。並且，對於N·(三甲氧基甲矽烷基丙烷 )-乙二胺來說，具有水性溶劑能夠獲得比較好的結果的 傾向。並且，它們與甲矽烷醇基結合的有機基都相當於碳 # 鏈的2〜1 0 (最好是4〜8左右）。另外，在比此値大的情 況下具有呈現垂直配向性的趨勢，其原因可以這樣定性地 認爲，如果有機基之碳素原子的存在比例變大的話，則疏 水性就變強。並且，也可以使用在分子的中央具有芳香族 或烯烴系不飽和結合基並且在分子的末端至少有2個結合 基的兩親溶解性化合物，例如具有碳元素在1 5以上的長鍵 烷基，其一個末端具有強極性基（-OH、CN、NH2等）的 物質等。並且，用這樣的介面活性劑在間隔物6的表面上 • 形成具有使液晶層5的液晶分子5a相對於其表面水平配向 的極性基的被覆膜。或者也可以在靜電屏蔽環境中對間隔 物6的表面實施噴砂處理。另外，間隔物6並不局限於上述 球形形狀，也可以使用在例如矩形（加強筋）或柱狀（柱 狀間隔物（Photo Spacer))間隔物6上施予上述表面處理 的物件。 在施加電壓時，液晶面板2在施予該表面處理的間隔 物6的周圍液晶分子5a的配向並不產生混亂，而是以分散 到液晶層5內的多個間隔物6爲基點，促進液晶層5從放射 -15- (13) • 1284222 * 配向狀態向彎曲配向狀態轉移。因此，該液晶面板2藉由 施予這樣的表面處理的間隔物6即使不施加高的驅動電壓 也能快速並且穩定地產生液晶層5的從放射配向狀態向彎 曲配向狀態的轉移。 在具有上述結構的液晶面板2的背面側，即是一方基 板3的與液晶層5相對面的反面側的面上，依次層疊設置光 學補償板31a和偏光板32a。而在液晶面板2的正面側，即 • 是另一方基板4的與液晶層5相對面的反面側的面上依次層 疊設置光學補償板31b和偏光板32b。其中，光學補償板 3 1 a、3 1 b爲對上述液晶層5進行光學補償的元件，由具有 複折射性的相位差薄膜構成。另外，也可以採用光學補償 板3 1a、31b僅根據必要配置在液晶面板2的背面側或正面 側的只某側的結構。爲了在例如未施加電壓時施加黑電平 ，即是進行所謂靜態黑模式顯示，偏光板32a、32b與液晶 面板2互相偏光方向設置。另外，根據情況不同，也可以 # 設定彼此的偏光方向以便進行所謂靜態白模式顯示。 並且，在該液晶面板2的背面側，即是背面側的偏光 板3 2a的外側配置有背光燈33。該背光燈33具有由平板狀 的透明丙烯樹脂等構成的導光板和陰極管（Cathode Fluorescent Tube)或 LED ( Light Emitting Diode，發光二 極體）等構成的光源，該光源發出的光被導光板變成面發 光同時照射到液晶面板2的背面側。 具有上述結構的液晶顯示裝置1使從背光燈3 3射出的 光通過偏光板32a而變成直線偏光，再通過光學補償板31a -16 - •1284222 ’ (14) ' 變成橢圓偏光，入射到液晶面板2的背面側。接著，入射 到該液晶面板2的光通過液晶層5從液晶面板2的前面側射 出。接著，從該液晶面板2射出的光通過光學補償板31b成 爲直線偏光，入射到偏光板3 2b中。這裏，未施加電壓時 ，通過光學補償板31b變成直線偏光的光最終被偏光板32b 所阻擋。由此，進行稱爲靜態黑模式的黑顯示。而在未施 加電壓時通過光學補償板3 1 b變成直線偏光的光最終通過 # 偏光板3 2b。由此施加白電平。 如上上述，該液晶顯示裝置1藉由施予表面處理的間 隔物6即使不施加高的驅動電壓，也能夠快速且穩定地產 生液晶層5從放射配向狀態向彎曲配向狀態的轉移。因此 ，該液晶顯示裝置1不僅能夠擴大液晶面板2的視野角度， 而且能夠大幅度地提高回應特性。並且，由於該液晶顯示 裝置1藉由施予表面處理的間隔物6控制該間隔物6周圍的 液晶分子5a的配向性，因此即使在以上述靜態黑顯示模式 • 進行顯示的情況下，也能夠防止未施加電壓時從液晶面板 2漏光。因此，該液晶顯示裝置1能夠進一步提高對比度和 畫質。 另外，本發明並不僅限適用於上述透射型液晶面板2 ，也可以用於例如反射型或半透射型液晶面板。並且，本 發明也可以適用於預先準備好與紅（R)、綠（G)、藍 (B )這3原色相對應的光源（LED )，藉由改變該光源發 出的光的顔色來進行不使用彩色濾光片的全色彩顯示，即 所謂幀序制（Field Sequential，幀序制）驅動方式的液晶 -17- (15) • 1284222 面板。 [實施例] 下面藉由實施例來使本發明的效果更加明瞭，但以下 的實施例並不限定本發明的技術範圍。 (實施例1 ) • 實施例1製作了對角線實際尺寸約55mm ( 2.2英寸）、 畫素爲1 76x 1 2 8 ( XRGB )的液晶面板。具體爲，在製作該 液晶面板時首先在一個主面側準備好TFT、形成了掃描線 和信號線的主動矩陣基板，在該主動矩陣基板上夾著絕緣 膜形成由ITO構成的透明的畫素電極。接著，在該主動矩 陣基板上形成感光性丙烯系樹脂膜，將表面上形成了需要 複製的細微的凹凸形狀的複製模按壓在該形成膜的樹脂層 上，將該細微的凹凸形狀複製到樹脂層上。另外，該凹凸 ® 形狀爲與圖3所示的上述液晶面板2的形狀相同，沿其第1 方向反復的凹凸形狀的間距P1爲0.27 μπι，第1方向上的凹 部與突起部之間的高度尺寸dl爲0.1 μπι。而沿第2方向重複 的凹凸形狀的間距Ρ2爲1 ·4μιη，第2方向上的凹部與突起部 間的高度尺寸d2爲0· 1 μιη。並且，傾斜角0爲4.8。。接著， 在該樹脂層上形成厚度約爲0.07 μπι的由聚醯亞胺構成的配 向膜，對該配向膜的表面實施摩擦處理。另外，該摩擦處 理使用吉川加工製造的YA18R作爲摩擦布，使直徑約爲 100mm的摩擦輥以約500rpm的轉速旋轉，以約〇.i5mm的壓 -18- (16) •1284222 ' 入量將摩擦布擠壓在配向膜上，同時以約30mm/秒的進給 速度送進基板，藉由這樣實施摩擦強度比平時弱的摩擦處 理。 接著，準備與該主動矩陣基板相對的對置基板，並在 該對置基板上形成感光1生丙烯系樹脂的膜，將表面上形成 有需要複製的細微的凹凸形狀的複製模按壓在該形成爲膜 的樹脂層上，從而將該細微的凹凸形狀複製到樹脂層上。 • 另外，該凹凸形狀除了第1及第2方向與上述主動矩陣基板 側的樹脂層上形成的凹凸形狀相反外，幾乎用相同的方法 形成。接著，在該樹脂層上依次層疊黑矩陣層、彩色濾光 片層、由ITO構成的透明的對置電極，然後以0.07 μπι的厚 度形成由聚醯亞胺形成的配向膜，對該配向膜的表面實施 摩檫處理。另外，該摩擦處理除了預傾角的賦予方向與上 述主動矩陣基板側的配向膜的賦予方向相反外，使用了幾 乎相同的方法。 • 接著，將直徑約爲6μιη的球狀樹脂制的間隔物以約 120個/mm2的密度散佈到一方基板中，然後將主動矩陣基 板與對置基板貼合，用密封材料密封其周圍邊緣，藉由這 樣製作面板間隙爲6μιη的空單元。在該樹脂製的間隔物的 球狀表面上實施使液晶層的液晶分子爲近似水平配向的表 面處理。另外，該表面處理準備將7-甲基丙烯醯氧丙基 三甲氧基矽烷溶解到水與甲醇（1 0% )的混合溶劑中、濃 度爲0.02wt%的矽烷偶聯劑，將樹脂制間隔物浸泡在該矽 烷耦合劑中風乾後，再以約120 °C乾燥1小時左右，藉由這 1284222 * (17) ' 樣在樹脂制間隔物的表面上實施矽烷偶聯處理。 接着，在該空單元内注入日本智索（Chi sso)石油化學 製造公司製的氟系向列液晶（未添加手性試劑），以N-I 點（各方同性轉移溫度）以上的溫度保持50分鐘後，冷却 到室溫。另外，該向列液晶的折射率各方異向性△ η爲 0 · 1 5，介電各方異向性△ ε爲8。經過以上的工序，製作 了實施例1的液晶面板。另外，該實施例1的液晶面板在用 • 晶體旋轉法測量注入到面板內的液晶的預傾角時，爲約 5 · 6 °。並且，使用偏光板的目視觀察和使用偏光顯微鏡的 觀察結果爲，整個面板呈均勻的放射配向狀態。 (實施例2 ) 實施例2除間隔物的表面處理中所使用的7 -甲基丙烯 醯氧丙基三甲氧基矽烷的濃度爲0.1 wt%和0.3 wt%以外，其 餘與實施例1同樣地製作了液晶面板。 (實施例3 ) 實施例3除間隔物材料的表面處理所使用的濃度爲 0· 03 wt%的r -環氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷水溶液以外， 其餘與實施例1同樣地製作了液晶面板。 (實施例4 ) 實施例4除間隔物材料的表面處理所使用的濃度爲 ο·3wt%的r -環氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷水溶液以外， -20- •1284222 ' (18) * 其餘與實施例1同樣地製作了液晶面板。 (實施例5 ) 實施例5除間隔物材料的表面處理中所使用的將4-氨 基苯丙基三甲氧基矽烷溶解到水與甲醇（5 % )的混合溶劑 中、濃度爲〇·〇3 wt%的矽烷耦合劑以外，其餘與實施例1相 同製作液晶面板。 (實施例6 ) 實施例6除配向膜的凹凸形狀中沿其第1方向重複的凹 凸形狀的間距P1爲〇·3μπι、第1方向上的凹部與突起部之間 的高度尺寸dl爲0.2 μιη、沿第2方向重複的凹凸形狀的間距 Ρ2爲5μιη、第2方向上的凹部與突起部間的高度尺寸d2爲 (K 3 μιη、傾斜角度0爲4°以外，其餘與實施例1同樣地製作 了液晶面板。 參 (比較例1 ) 比較例1除配向膜不賦予細微的凹凸形狀，並且不對 間隔物進行表面處理以外，其餘與實施例1同樣地製作了 液晶面板。 並且，測量了對實施例1到實施例6、比較例1的液晶 面板施加驅動電壓時整個面板從放射配向狀態轉移到彎曲 配向狀態的轉移時間。 具體爲，在實施例1中，當在液晶面板上施加約10V的 -21 - (19) • 1284222 * 驅動電壓（1 kHz，矩形波）時，整個面板從放射配向狀態 轉移到彎曲排列狀態的轉移時間爲約5秒。另外，轉移的 起點爲位於相對於摩擦方向爲一定方向（摩擦處理結束的 方向）的間隔物。並且，在實施例1中，爲了觀察電壓對 從放射配向狀態向彎曲排列狀態的轉移的依存性，使驅動 電壓在2〜30V的範圍內變化，發現隨著驅動電壓的增加， 轉移時間從約3 00秒向約0.2秒呈指數函數地減小。並且， # 在實施例1中，用偏光顯微鏡觀察液晶面板時，均沒有排 列缺陷，從放射配向狀態向彎曲排列狀態的轉移在整個面 板上均勻地發生。 而實施例2在與實施例1 一樣給液晶面板施加驅動電壓 時，整個面板從放射配向狀態轉移到彎曲排列狀態的轉移 時間約爲4.5秒。並且，在實施例2中，當使驅動電壓的頻 率在0·5Ηζ〜6kHz的範圍內變化時，從低頻（0·5Ηζ )到 1.0〜1.2kHz之間，轉移時間減少，然後在到高頻（6kHz •)爲止期間的轉移時間呈現稍微增加的趨勢。並且，隨著 所施加的驅動電壓的頻率的變化，液晶面板內轉移的起點 數呈現變化的趨勢。即，在約1kHz附近，轉移的起點數隨 頻率的增加而增加，然後轉移的起點數呈稍微減少的趨勢 〇 實施例3在與實施例1 一樣給液晶面板施加驅動電壓時 ，整個面板從放射配向狀態轉移到彎曲排列狀態的轉移時 間約爲4.3秒。 實施例4在與實施例1 一樣給液晶面板施加驅動電壓時 -22- • 1284222 • (20) ' ，整個面板從放射配向狀態轉移到彎曲排列狀態的轉移時 間約爲5.2秒。 實施例5在與實施例1 一樣給液晶面板施加驅動電壓時 ，整個面板從放射配向狀態轉移到彎曲排列狀態的轉移時 間約爲4.2秒。 並且，當對實施例1至實施例5的各液晶面板施加約 1 5 V的驅動電壓時，整個面板從放射配向狀態轉移到彎曲 # 排列狀態的轉移時間都在3.0〜4.5秒的範圍內。而且，對 各液晶面板施加約20 V的驅動電壓時，整個面板從放射配 向狀態轉移到彎曲排列狀態的轉移時間都在1秒的範圍內 〇 而在實施例6中，當對液晶面板施加約1 0V的驅動電壓 時，整個面板從放射配向狀態轉移到彎曲排列狀態的轉移 時間約爲6秒。而且，對液晶面板施加約1 5 V的驅動電壓時 ，整個面板從放射配向狀態轉移到彎曲排列狀態的轉移時 鲁間約爲1.7秒。 而在比較例1中，當對液晶面板施加約1 0V的驅動電壓 時，液晶面板雖然慢慢地從放射配向狀態向彎曲排列狀態 轉移，但發生了以間隙子爲起點的偏差（與配向缺陷相對 應的轉移線），約10秒以後僅轉移了整個面板的5%〜10°/。 。並且，到整個面板全部均勻地轉移到彎曲排列狀態時需 要約280秒。 這裏，本發明的液晶面板由於如圖7示意地表示的那 樣使液晶層5的液晶分子5a沿施予表面處理的間隔物6的表 -23- (21) •1284222 * 面幾乎水平地配向，因此在間隔物6的周圍不容易產生液 晶分子5 a的配向混亂。結果，在施加電壓時從夾著間隔物 6的側（圖中左側）的液晶層5到另側（圖中右側）的液晶 層5逐漸容易引起從放射配向狀態向彎曲配向狀態的轉移 〇 而以往液晶面板由於如圖8示意地表示的那樣液晶層5 的液晶分子5a沿未實施表面處理的間隔物6的表面隨機（ φ 水平及垂直）地配向，因此在該間隔物6的周圍液晶分子 5 a的配向產生混亂。結果施加電壓時從放射配向狀態向彎 曲配向狀態的轉移受間隔物6的阻礙。 從以上敘述可知，藉由在間隔物的表面實施使液晶層 的液晶分子近似水平地配向的表面處理，可以促進液晶層 的以分散到該液晶層內的多個間隔物爲基點、從放射配向 狀態向彎曲配向狀態的轉移。 • 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1是表示使用了本發明的液晶顯示裝置的結構的剖 視圖。 圖2是主動矩陣基板的圖。 圖3是表示形成在配向膜上的凹凸形狀的透視圖。 圖4是表示突起部在第1方向上的截面形狀的示意圖。 圖5是表示液晶層放射配向狀態的示意圖。 圖6是表示液晶層彎曲配向狀態的示意圖。 圖7是表示在間隔物上施予表面處理的本發明的液晶 -24- 1284222 ' (22) ' 面板中的液晶分子的配向狀態的剖視圖。 圖8是表示在間隔物上未實施表面處理的已有技術的 液晶面板中的液晶分子的配向狀態的剖視圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 :液晶顯示裝置 2 :液晶面板 • 3 : —方（背面側）基板 4 :另一方（正面側）基板 5 :液晶層 6 :間隔物(1) ^ 1284222; IX. Description of the Invention [Technical Field] The present invention relates to an OCB (Optically Compensated Birefringence) mode liquid crystal display device which realizes a wide viewing angle and a high-speed response characteristic. [Prior Art] In recent years, a display mode called an OCB (Optically Compensatory Bend) mode has attracted attention in liquid crystal display devices (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). The OCB mode is a liquid crystal panel in which a liquid crystal layer interposed between a pair of substrates is radially aligned, and is transferred to a curved alignment state when a driving voltage is applied, and optical compensation for optical compensation of the liquid crystal panel is performed. The membranes are combined to achieve a mode of wide viewing angle and high response characteristics. However, in the OCB mode, it is not easy to rapidly transfer the liquid crystal layer which is initially in the radiation alignment state to the curved alignment state, and a high voltage of about 10 V is required, and application of such a high voltage is very important in controlling the driving voltage. difficult. Further, it is not easy to cause such a liquid crystal layer to be transferred on all the pixels, and a part of the pixels in which the remaining liquid crystal layer is not transferred becomes a defect, and the display quality of the panel is greatly lowered. Therefore, in order to promote the transition of the liquid crystal layer from the radiation alignment state to the bending alignment state, the liquid crystal panel described in Patent Document 1 proposes to provide a projection portion formed of a material having a dielectric constant larger than that of the liquid crystal layer. However, this liquid crystal panel promotes the transition of the liquid crystal layer from the radiation alignment state to the curved alignment state with such a projection as a starting point, but is dispersed in the liquid crystal in order to maintain the relative spacing of the pair of substrates * 1284222 • « (2) ^ A plurality of spacers in the layer cause the transfer to stop midway. Therefore, in order to quickly generate such a transition on all pixels, it is necessary to continue to apply the above-described high driving voltage. Further, such a projection has a narrow selection range of materials, and a large number of steps are required to be formed on the substrate, resulting in an increase in cost. Further, when the conductive projections described in Patent Document 1 are formed, there is a high possibility of causing a fatal problem such as a leakage phenomenon between the substrates, and the process of forming such a projection is introduced, and the fact # is impossible. In the liquid crystal panel described in Patent Document 2, in order to easily shift the liquid crystal layer from the radiation alignment state to the bend alignment state by applying an initialization voltage of about several V, it is proposed to provide vertical alignment of liquid crystal molecules when an applied voltage is applied to the interface of the alignment film. A scheme of starting a region opposite to the erecting direction of surrounding liquid crystal molecules. However, when such a region is provided on the interface of the alignment film, it is necessary to perform a rubbing treatment in a direction in which each of the divided portions of the alignment film is performed, and to ensure the positional accuracy of the alignment treatment at the boundary portion of the region, Normal rubbing is very difficult. For example, it is extremely difficult to control the boundary of the region with a positional precision of 5 to ΙΟμηη using a mask curtain with a perforated mask (template). Even if the position can be controlled, the alignment treatment by the rubbing cloth cannot be clearly performed. Separate the boundaries of the area. As a result, the display blur can be observed visually in the boundary portion of the region. In order to clearly separate the boundary of the region, it is proposed to first perform an alignment treatment in the first direction on the alignment film, then form a mask on the alignment film with a photoresist, and then perform alignment in the second direction on the alignment film. Processing, the final method of removing the photoresist. (See, for example, Patent Document 3). However, -5-(3) 1284222 In the case of such a wet alignment treatment using a photoresist, it is easy to cause a problem of residual liquid or stain on the alignment film, and it is impossible to completely remove them from the alignment film. of. Therefore, this not only causes unevenness in the display surface, but also increases the current consumption 値, and the increase in current enthalpy during high-temperature operation causes uneven display. [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. JP-A No. 2000-66208 (Patent Document 3) The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device capable of rapidly and stably generating a transition of a liquid crystal layer from a radiation alignment state to a curved alignment state without applying a high driving voltage. In order to achieve the above object, a liquid crystal display device of the present invention is characterized by comprising a liquid crystal panel having a pair of substrates, an OCB mode liquid crystal layer, and spacers, wherein the pair of substrates are disposed to face each other, and are mutually opposed Electrodes and alignment films are respectively formed on the surface; the liquid crystal layer of the OCB mode is irradiated by the alignment film to the nematic liquid crystal sealed between the pair of substrates, and is irradiated by the driving voltage applied between the electrodes The aligned nematic liquid crystal is transferred to the curved alignment; the spacer is disposed in the liquid crystal layer to keep the relative spacing of the pair of substrates uniform; and the surface treatment for promoting the transition of the liquid crystal layer from the radiation alignment state to the curved alignment state is applied to the spacer . Further, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is characterized in that a surface treatment for aligning liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer substantially horizontally along the surface thereof is applied to the spacer winter (4) • 1284222'. Further, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is characterized in that the spacer is spherical. Further, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is characterized in that the alignment film has at least a concavo-convex shape in which the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer are pretilted, and the concave portions and the protrusion portions are alternately repeated in the first direction, and the respective protrusion portions are in the The cross-sectional shape in the one direction is a shape that is asymmetrical to the left and right with the tip end portion interposed therebetween. The liquid crystal display device of the present invention is characterized in that the protrusion portion has a first inclined surface that is inclined from the tip end portion in the first direction and from the top end. The second inclined surface that is inclined in a direction opposite to the first direction, and the inclination angle of the first inclined surface with respect to the substrate is larger than the inclination angle of the second inclined surface with respect to the substrate, and the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is characterized in that The alignment film has a concave-convex shape in which the concave portion and the protruding portion are alternately repeated in the second direction intersecting the first direction, and the pitch of the uneven shape repeated in the first direction is larger than the pitch of the uneven shape repeated in the second direction. . Further, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is characterized in that the alignment film on one substrate side and the alignment film on the other substrate side are provided with pretilt angles in opposite directions to each other, so that liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer are provided to the alignment film on one substrate side. The direction of the pretilt is the same as the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer are pretilted by the alignment film on the other substrate side. Further, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is characterized in that the nematic liquid crystal -7-(5) 1284222 has positive dielectric anisotropy. Advantageous Effects of Invention As described above, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention can rapidly and stably transfer the liquid crystal layer from the radiation alignment state to the curved alignment state by applying the surface-treated spacer without applying a high driving voltage. produce. Therefore, the liquid crystal display device can not only enlarge the viewing angle of the liquid crystal panel, but also greatly improve the response speed. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, a liquid crystal display device using the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Further, in order to make the features easy to understand, the drawings used in the following description may have enlarged features, and the dimensional ratios and the like of the respective constituent elements are not necessarily the same as the actual ones. As shown in FIG. 1, the liquid crystal display device 1 using the present invention is provided with a liquid crystal panel 2 of an OCB mode. The liquid crystal panel 2 is, for example, a transmissive color liquid crystal display panel using an active matrix driving method, and three pixel points (secondary pixels) corresponding to three original colors of red, green, and blue are used to form one unit pixel (picture Cell), at the same time, an active component is set on one image point to control the lighting of each pixel, thereby performing color display. Specifically, the liquid crystal panel 2 includes a pair of substrates 3 and 4 disposed to face each other, and a liquid crystal layer 5 sandwiching between the pair of substrates 3 and 4 as a light control layer. Further, the pair of substrates 3, 4 are formed of a rectangular transparent substrate such as glass or plastic, and the plurality of spacers 6 dispersed in the liquid crystal layer 5 are kept at equal intervals from each other while the peripheral edge is sealed with a sealing material (there is no Indicates) sealed and connected in one piece. -8- (6) • 1284222 ^ One of the pair of substrates 3, 4 (back side) substrate 3 is a so-called active matrix substrate as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the surface opposite to the liquid crystal layer 5 is matrix-shaped A TFT (Thin Film Transistor) 7 as a switching element is arranged in series. The TFT 7 has a reverse staggered structure in which a gate electrode 8, a gate insulating layer 9, a semiconductor layer 1 〇, a 1 1 , a source electrode 1 2, and a drain electrode 13 are laminated in this order from the substrate 3 side. That is, an isolated (island-like) semiconductor layer 10 is formed over the gate insulating layer 9 covering the lowermost gate electrode 8 across the gate electrode 8 while sandwiching the semiconductor layer at one end of the semiconductor layer 10. The active electrode 12 is formed, and the drain electrode 13 is formed by sandwiching the semiconductor layer 11 at the other end of the semiconductor layer 10. Further, an isolated insulating layer 14 is formed on the semiconductor layer II, and the source electrode 12 and the drain electrode 13 are insulated by the insulating layer 14. Further, the insulating layer 14 also functions as an etching stopper for protecting the semiconductor layer 11 when the semiconductor layer 11 is formed. Further, on the surface of the substrate 3 facing the liquid crystal layer 5, a plurality of parallel scans electrically connected to the gate electrodes 8 of the TFTs 7 are formed in parallel with each other in the direction (row direction) of the arrow Φ head X in Fig. 2 . Line 15, and in the direction of the arrow Y (column direction) in Fig. 2, a plurality of parallel signal lines 16 electrically connected to the source electrodes 12 of the respective TF τ 7 are formed. That is, the scanning lines 15 and the signal lines 16 are formed in a plurality of directions perpendicular to each other. The TFTs 7 are formed in the vicinity of the intersection of the scanning lines 15 and the signal lines 16. Further, a plurality of rectangular regions separated by the scanning lines 15 and the signal lines 16 are formed into image-corresponding regions on the substrate 3 side corresponding to the respective image points, and the image-corresponding regions are arranged in plurality. In a matrix shape, the display area of the liquid crystal panel 2 is integrally formed (7) • 1284222 '. Further, a scanning driver for applying a selection pulse to each scanning line 15 and a signal driver for applying a display voltage to each signal line 16 are shown in the outer region of the display region. Further, an insulating film 17 covering the TFT 7, the scanning line 15, and the signal line 16 is formed on the surface of the substrate 3 facing the liquid crystal layer 5. Further, a contact hole 18 adjacent to the drain electrode 13 of each of the TFTs 7 is formed on the insulating film 17. Further, on the insulating film 17, a plurality of rows of pixel electrodes 19 electrically connected to the drain electrodes 13 of the TFTs 7 through the contact holes 18 are formed in a plurality of rows arranged in a matrix. The pixel electrode 19 is formed of a transparent conductive material such as ITO (Indium-Tin Oxide), and is formed in a rectangular shape to cover almost the entire region of each of the pixel-corresponding regions. Further, on the substrate 3 on which the pixel electrode 19 is formed, the resin layer 20 formed in a concavo-convex shape and the alignment film 2 1 which controls the alignment of the liquid crystal layer 5, which will be described in detail later, are sequentially formed on the other side (the front side) The surface of the substrate 4 facing the liquid crystal layer 5 is formed by laminating a resin layer 22 formed in a concave-convex shape as will be described in detail later, and a light-shielding black matrix separating the pixel-corresponding regions corresponding to the respective image points. a layer 23; a color filter such as red (R), green (G), or blue (B) is embedded in a pixel corresponding region of each of the resin layers 22 partitioned by the black matrix layer 23, and These color filters are periodically arranged in a color filter layer 24; an opposite electrode 25 formed of a transparent conductive material such as ITO (Indium-Tin Oxide); and the alignment of the liquid crystal layer 5 is controlled. Alignment film 26. Specifically, on the resin layer 22, the stripe-shaped black matrix layer 23 is divided into divided pieces, and the black matrix layer 23 is separated by -10- 1284222 (8) * 1 rectangular region is formed and The image point corresponding region on the substrate 4 side corresponding to each image point. Further, the black matrix layer 23 is a light shielding wall for preventing color mixing between the respective color filters, and red (R) and green are buried in the corresponding regions of the respective image points separated by the black matrix layer 23. Any of (G) and blue (B) color filters. The color filter layer 24 has a color filter in which these colors are different, and is periodically arranged in a stripe shape or a mosaic structure. Therefore, by controlling the driving voltage applied between the pixel electrode 19 and the opposite electrode 25 in each of the three pixel corresponding region # fields corresponding to the red, green, and blue of each pixel, The display color of each pixel is controlled, whereby the color display of the liquid crystal panel 2 can be performed. The liquid crystal layer 5 is composed of a nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy between the alignment film 21 attached to the one substrate 3 side and the alignment film 26 on the other substrate 4 side, and the alignment film 2 1 and 26 The nematic liquid crystal is irradiated. On the other hand, by the driving voltage applied between the pixel electrode 19 and the counter electrode 25, the nematic liquid crystal after the radiation alignment can be transferred to the curved alignment. As shown in FIG. 3, the alignment films 21 and 26 that control the alignment of the liquid crystal layer 5 have a plurality of concave portions 27 and convex portions 28 which are alternately overlapped in the first direction by imparting a pretilt to the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 5. And the uneven shape of the plurality of concave portions 29 and the protruding portions 30 are alternately repeated in the second direction intersecting the first direction. Further, the pitch P 1 of the uneven shape repeated in the first direction is longer than the pitch P2 of the uneven shape repeated in the second direction. In this manner, the pitch P 1 of the uneven shape repeated in the first direction is longer than the pitch P2 of the concave-convex shape repeated in the second direction, and the pretilt angle to be described later can be easily controlled. In addition, the pitch P1 is preferably 50 μm or less, and the pitch P2 is 3. 0μηι or less is preferred. It is preferable that the interval -11 - (9) 1284222 ' is less than 20μηι, and the pitch P2 is preferably less than 1·2μηη. Further, the height dimension d1 between the recessed portion 27 and the projection portion 28 in the first direction and the height dimension d2 between the recessed portion 29 and the projection portion 30 in the second direction are preferably 0.55 μm or less. Further, the cross-sectional shape of each of the projections 28 in the first direction is a left-right asymmetrical shape sandwiching the tip end portion 28 a as shown in the schematic view of Fig. 4 . In other words, the protruding portion 28 has a first inclined # surface 28b that is inclined from the tip end portion 28a in the first direction, and a second inclined surface 28c that is inclined from the tip end portion 28a in a direction opposite to the first direction, and the first inclined surface The inclination angle of 28b with respect to the substrates 3 and 4 is formed larger than the inclination angle 0 of the second inclined surface 28c with respect to the substrates 3 and 4. In other words, the cross-sectional shape of each of the projections 28 in the first direction is a left-right asymmetrical triangular shape in which the ratio r 1 /r 2 of the apex angle of the apex angle divided by the apex portion A of the apex portion 28 a is larger than 1. Thus, by making each protrusion 28 at the first! The cross-sectional shape in the direction is a left-right asymmetrical shape sandwiching the tip end portion 28a, and the alignment of the liquid crystal layer 5 can be improved. Further, it is preferable that the inclination angle 0 of the second inclined surface 2 8 c with respect to the # substrates 3 and 4 is 〇 · 〇 1 ° to 30 °. Further, from the viewpoint of optimizing the pretilt angle to be described later, the ratio of the above angles r 1 /r 2 is 1. 2 or more is preferred. Further, the cross-sectional shape of each of the projections 28 in the second direction may be any shape similar to a shape of a sin (sinusoidal) wave, a shape of a bar, or a shape of a triangle. Among them, the triangular shape is most preferable in order to improve the alignment of the liquid crystal layer 5, and the tip portion of the triangle may be circular or flat depending on the case. However, the uneven shape of these alignment films 21 and 26 is formed by replicating the uneven shape of the insulating layers 20 and 22 formed on the lower surface. Specifically, -12-(10) •1284222' is a method of forming the alignment films 2 1 and 26, and for example, a replica mold having a fine uneven shape to be replicated on the surface is pressed against the substrates 3 and 4 to form a film. On the resin layers 20 and 22, the fine uneven shape is reproduced on the resin layers 20 and 22, and then the alignment films 21 and 26 are formed thereon, and the surfaces of the alignment films 21 and 26 are rubbed in the first direction. The method of processing. The alignment films 2 1 and 26 are made of, for example, a polyimide, a polyamine, a polyvinyl alcohol, an epoxy, a modified epoxy, or a polystyrene. It is composed of a polymer film such as a polyurethane type, a polyolefin type, or a propylene type. In addition, the film thickness of these alignment films 21, 26 is 0. 05~ 0. 0 7 μιη or so. In addition, the direction of the pretilt of the liquid crystal molecules supplied to the liquid crystal layer 5 by the alignment film 21 on the one substrate 3 side and the pretilt direction of the liquid crystal molecules supplied to the liquid crystal layer 5 by the alignment film 26 on the other substrate 4 side are the same. The alignment film 21 on the one substrate 3 side and the alignment film 26 on the other substrate 4 side are given opposite pretilt angles. Further, the pretilt angle is controlled within an angle range of, for example, Γ1 to 10 °. Further, the liquid crystal layers of the liquid crystal layer 5 are horizontally aligned along the second inclined surface 28c of the protrusions 28 in the first direction, and the alignment films 21 and 26 are in a state in which the liquid crystal layer 5 is radially aligned. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, the alignment film 21 on the side of the substrate 3 is tilted to the upper right by the second inclined surface 28c of the protrusion 28, so that the liquid crystal layer 5 located in the vicinity of the second inclined surface 28c is provided. The liquid crystal molecules 5a are aligned to the upper right by a pretilt angle of about 1 to 1 〇. On the other side of the substrate 4, the alignment film 26 is inclined downward toward the right by the second inclined surface 28c of the protrusions 28, so that the liquid crystal molecules 5a of the liquid crystal layer 5 located in the vicinity of the second inclined surface 28c are oriented. An alignment of a pretilt angle of about 1° to 10° is given to the lower right. Further, the liquid crystal molecules 5a located in the vicinity of the center of the liquid crystal layer 5 in the vicinity of -1384222 ... (11) ' are in an almost horizontal alignment state. As a result, the liquid crystal layer 5 between the alignment film 21 on the one substrate 3 side and the alignment film 26 on the other substrate 4 side is in the radiation alignment state shown in Fig. 5 when no voltage is applied. On the other hand, when a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal layer 5 in the radiation alignment state shifts to the curved alignment state. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6 , when a driving voltage is applied between the pixel electrode 19 and the counter electrode 25, the second tilt of the protrusion 28 on the side of the alignment film 21 on the side of the one of the substrates 3 The liquid crystal molecules 5a of the liquid crystal layer 5 in the vicinity of the surface 28c are erected with respect to the inclined surface 28c, and the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer 5 located in the vicinity of the second inclined surface 28c of the protrusion 28 on the side of the alignment film 26 on the other substrate 4 side. The molecule 5a is in a state of being erected with respect to the inclined surface 28c. Further, the liquid crystal molecules 5a located therebetween are aligned by emulating these erected liquid crystal molecules 5a, and are arranged in an arcuate shape as a whole. Further, the liquid crystal molecules 5a in the vicinity of the center of the liquid crystal layer 5 are in a state of being almost vertically aligned. As a result, when the voltage is applied, the liquid crystal layer 5 between the alignment film 2 1 on the one substrate 3 side and the alignment film 26 on the other substrate 4 side is transferred to the curved alignment state as shown in Fig. 6 . However, a surface treatment for causing the liquid crystal layer 5 to shift from the radiation alignment state to the curved alignment state is applied to the spacer 6 dispersed in the liquid crystal layer 5. Specifically, a surface treatment for aligning the liquid crystal molecules 5a of the liquid crystal layer 5 almost horizontally along the spherical surface thereof is applied to the spacer 6. The surface treatment may use, for example, a decane coupling agent having two polar groups (-NH2, -CONH, etc.) capable of bonding to the surface of the spacer 6, such as r-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxydecane, Or r-glycidoxypropyltris-14-(12) • 1284222 'methoxy decane, 4-aminophenylpropyltrimethoxydecane, N-(trimethoxyformamidinepropane)·Ethylene Amines, etc. Further, they may be used as a solvent, a mixture of water, water and methanol, or ethanol, and any of them may be 0. Use a concentration of 0 1 to 2 wt%. Further, the concentration of the ethanol in the solvent is 1 to 20 wt% / Torr. Further, with N·(trimethoxyformamidin)-ethylenediamine, there is a tendency to obtain a relatively good result with an aqueous solvent. Further, the organic groups bonded to the ketal group are equivalent to 2 to 10 (preferably about 4 to 8) of the carbon # chain. Further, in the case of being larger than this, there is a tendency to exhibit a vertical alignment property, and the reason can be qualitatively considered to be that if the proportion of the carbon atoms of the organic group becomes large, the water repellency becomes strong. Further, an amphiphilic solubility compound having an aromatic or olefinic unsaturated bonding group at the center of the molecule and having at least two bonding groups at the terminal of the molecule, for example, a long bond alkyl group having a carbon element of 15 or more may also be used. A substance having a strong polar group (-OH, CN, NH2, etc.) at one end thereof. Further, a coating film having a polar group that causes the liquid crystal molecules 5a of the liquid crystal layer 5 to be aligned horizontally with respect to the surface thereof is formed on the surface of the spacer 6 with such an surfactant. Alternatively, the surface of the spacer 6 may be sandblasted in an electrostatic shielding environment. Further, the spacer 6 is not limited to the above-described spherical shape, and the above-described surface-treated article may be applied to, for example, a rectangular (rib) or columnar (photo-spacer) spacer 6. When the voltage is applied, the liquid crystal panel 2 does not cause disorder in the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 5a around the spacer 6 to which the surface treatment is applied, but promotes the liquid crystal based on the plurality of spacers 6 dispersed in the liquid crystal layer 5 as a base point. Layer 5 is transferred from the -15-(13) • 1284222* alignment state to the curved alignment state. Therefore, the liquid crystal panel 2 can quickly and stably generate the transition of the liquid crystal layer 5 from the radiation alignment state to the bending alignment state by applying the surface-treated spacer 6 without applying a high driving voltage. The optical compensation plate 31a and the polarizing plate 32a are laminated in this order on the back surface side of the liquid crystal panel 2 having the above-described configuration, that is, on the surface on the reverse side of the surface of the one substrate 3 facing the liquid crystal layer 5. On the front side of the liquid crystal panel 2, that is, the optical compensation plate 31b and the polarizing plate 32b are sequentially laminated on the surface on the reverse side of the surface of the other substrate 4 facing the liquid crystal layer 5. Among them, the optical compensation plates 3 1 a and 3 1 b are elements for optically compensating the liquid crystal layer 5, and are composed of a retardation film having birefringence. Further, the optical compensation plates 31a and 31b may be arranged on only one side of the back side or the front side of the liquid crystal panel 2 as necessary. In order to apply a black level, for example, when a voltage is not applied, that is, a so-called static black mode display is performed, the polarizing plates 32a and 32b and the liquid crystal panel 2 are disposed in a mutually polarized direction. Further, depending on the situation, it is also possible to set the polarization directions of each other so as to perform a so-called static white mode display. Further, a backlight 33 is disposed on the back side of the liquid crystal panel 2, that is, on the outer side of the polarizing plate 32a on the back side. The backlight 33 has a light guide plate made of a flat transparent acryl resin or the like, and a light source including a cathode fluorescent tube or an LED (Light Emitting Diode), and the light emitted from the light source is guided by the light guide plate. The surface light is emitted while being irradiated onto the back side of the liquid crystal panel 2. The liquid crystal display device 1 having the above-described configuration causes the light emitted from the backlight 33 to pass through the polarizing plate 32a to become linearly polarized, and then becomes elliptically polarized by the optical compensation plates 31a - 16 - •1284222 ' (14) ', and is incident on the liquid crystal panel. 2 on the back side. Then, the light incident on the liquid crystal panel 2 is emitted from the front side of the liquid crystal panel 2 through the liquid crystal layer 5. Then, the light emitted from the liquid crystal panel 2 is linearly polarized by the optical compensation plate 31b, and is incident on the polarizing plate 32b. Here, when no voltage is applied, the light which becomes linearly polarized by the optical compensation plate 31b is finally blocked by the polarizing plate 32b. Thereby, a black display called a static black mode is performed. On the other hand, when the voltage is not applied, the light which becomes linearly polarized by the optical compensation plate 3 1 b finally passes through the # polarizing plate 3 2b. The white level is thus applied. As described above, the liquid crystal display device 1 can quickly and stably transfer the liquid crystal layer 5 from the radiation alignment state to the curved alignment state by applying the surface-treated spacer 6 without applying a high driving voltage. Therefore, the liquid crystal display device 1 can not only enlarge the viewing angle of the liquid crystal panel 2, but also greatly improve the response characteristics. Further, since the liquid crystal display device 1 controls the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 5a around the spacers 6 by the spacer 6 applied with the surface treatment, even when the display is performed in the static black display mode. It is prevented from leaking light from the liquid crystal panel 2 when no voltage is applied. Therefore, the liquid crystal display device 1 can further improve contrast and image quality. Further, the present invention is not limited to the above-described transmissive liquid crystal panel 2, and can be applied to, for example, a reflective or semi-transmissive liquid crystal panel. Furthermore, the present invention is also applicable to a light source (LED) corresponding to three primary colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), which is prepared by changing the color of light emitted from the light source. Use the full color display of the color filter, the so-called Field Sequential (LCD) drive type LCD-17- (15) • 1284222 panel. [Examples] The effects of the present invention will be more apparent from the following examples, but the following examples do not limit the technical scope of the present invention. (Embodiment 1) • Example 1 produced a diagonal actual size of about 55 mm (2. 2 inches), the pixel is 1 76x 1 2 8 (XRGB) LCD panel. Specifically, in the production of the liquid crystal panel, a TFT, an active matrix substrate on which a scanning line and a signal line are formed are prepared on one main surface side, and a transparent pixel composed of ITO is formed on the active matrix substrate with an insulating film interposed therebetween. electrode. Next, a photosensitive acryl-based resin film is formed on the active matrix substrate, and a replica mold having a fine uneven shape to be reproduced on the surface is pressed against the resin layer forming the film, and the fine uneven shape is reproduced to the resin. On the floor. Further, the shape of the concavo-convex ® is the same as the shape of the liquid crystal panel 2 shown in FIG. 3, and the pitch P1 of the concavo-convex shape repeated in the first direction is 0. 27 μπι, the height dimension dl between the concave portion and the protrusion portion in the first direction is 0. 1 μπι. Further, the pitch Ρ2 of the uneven shape repeated in the second direction is 1/4 μm, and the height dimension d2 between the concave portion and the protruding portion in the second direction is 0·1 μm. Also, the tilt angle 0 is 4. 8. . Next, a thickness of about 0 is formed on the resin layer. An alignment film composed of polyamidene of 07 μm was subjected to a rubbing treatment on the surface of the alignment film. Further, the rubbing treatment uses YA18R manufactured by Yoshikawa as a rubbing cloth, and a rubbing roller having a diameter of about 100 mm is rotated at a rotation speed of about 500 rpm to about 〇. I5mm pressure -18- (16) • 1284222' The amount of rubbing cloth is pressed onto the alignment film and fed into the substrate at a feed rate of about 30 mm/sec, whereby the frictional strength is weaker than usual. . Next, a counter substrate facing the active matrix substrate is prepared, and a film of a photosensitive acryl-based resin is formed on the counter substrate, and a replica mold having a fine uneven shape to be reproduced on the surface is pressed to form the film. It is on the resin layer of the film to thereby replicate the fine uneven shape onto the resin layer. Further, the uneven shape is formed by the same method except that the first and second directions are opposite to the uneven shape formed on the resin layer on the active matrix substrate side. Next, a black matrix layer, a color filter layer, and a transparent counter electrode made of ITO are sequentially laminated on the resin layer, and then 0. The thickness of 07 μm forms an alignment film formed of polyimine, and the surface of the alignment film is subjected to rubbing treatment. Further, this rubbing treatment uses almost the same method except that the direction in which the pretilt angle is applied is opposite to the direction in which the alignment film on the active matrix substrate side is applied. • Next, a spacer made of spherical resin having a diameter of about 6 μm is spread in a substrate at a density of about 120/mm 2 , and then the active matrix substrate is bonded to the opposite substrate, and the peripheral edge thereof is sealed with a sealing material. Thus, an empty cell having a panel gap of 6 μm was produced. Surface treatment for causing the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer to be approximately horizontally aligned was performed on the spherical surface of the resin spacer. Further, the surface treatment was prepared by dissolving 7-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxydecane in a mixed solvent of water and methanol (10%) at a concentration of 0. 02 wt% of a decane coupling agent, the resin spacer was immersed in the decane coupling agent and air-dried, and then dried at about 120 ° C for about 1 hour, by means of the 1284222 * (17) ' sample in the resin spacer The decane coupling treatment was carried out on the surface. Then, a fluorine-based nematic liquid crystal (not added with a chiral reagent) manufactured by Chiss Petrochemical Co., Ltd. was injected into the empty cell, and the temperature was maintained at a temperature of 0.5 or more at the NI point (the same-sex transfer temperature). After that, cool to room temperature. Further, the refractive index anisotropy Δ η of the nematic liquid crystal was 0 · 15 , and the dielectric anisotropy Δ ε was 8. Through the above steps, the liquid crystal panel of Example 1 was produced. Further, the liquid crystal panel of this Example 1 was about 5 · 6 ° when the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal injected into the panel was measured by the crystal rotation method. Further, the visual observation using a polarizing plate and the observation using a polarizing microscope showed that the entire panel was in a uniform radiation alignment state. (Example 2) The concentration of 7-methacrylic methoxypropyltrimethoxydecane used in the surface treatment of Example 2 except the spacer was 0. 1 wt% and 0. A liquid crystal panel was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for 3 wt%. (Example 3) Example 3 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the concentration of the spacer material was 0. 03 wt% of the r-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxydecane aqueous solution. The LCD panel. (Example 4) Example 4 except that the surface treatment of the spacer material was carried out at a concentration of ο·3 wt% of an aqueous solution of r-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxydecane, -20- •1284222 ' (18) * A liquid crystal panel was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. (Example 5) Example 5 Dissolved 4-aminophenylpropyltrimethoxydecane used in the surface treatment of the spacer material in a mixed solvent of water and methanol (5%) at a concentration of 〇·〇3 A liquid crystal panel was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the wt% decane coupling agent. (Embodiment 6) In the sixth embodiment, the pitch P1 of the concave-convex shape which is repeated in the first direction in the uneven shape of the alignment film is 〇·3 μm, and the height dimension dl between the concave portion and the protrusion in the first direction is 0. 2 μιη, the pitch Ρ2 of the uneven shape repeated in the second direction is 5 μm, and the height dimension d2 between the concave portion and the protruding portion in the second direction is (K 3 μηη, the inclination angle 0 is 4°, and the rest is the same as in the first embodiment) In the same manner as in Example 1, a liquid crystal panel was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the alignment film was not subjected to surface treatment. The transfer time of the entire panel from the radiation alignment state to the curved alignment state when the driving voltage is applied to the liquid crystal panels of the first embodiment to the sixth embodiment and the comparative example 1. Specifically, in the embodiment 1, when applied to the liquid crystal panel When the driving voltage (1 kHz, rectangular wave) is about 10V, the transition time of the entire panel from the radial alignment state to the curved alignment state is about 5 seconds. In addition, the starting point of the transition is relative. a spacer in which the rubbing direction is a certain direction (the direction in which the rubbing treatment ends). Also, in the first embodiment, in order to observe the voltage pair, the radiation alignment state is bent toward the curved row. The dependence of the transition of the column state causes the driving voltage to vary within the range of 2 to 30 V. It is found that as the driving voltage increases, the transfer time is from about 300 seconds to about 0. 2 seconds decreases exponentially. Further, in the first embodiment, when the liquid crystal panel was observed with a polarizing microscope, no defects were arranged, and the transition from the radiation alignment state to the curved alignment state occurred uniformly over the entire panel. On the other hand, in the second embodiment, when the driving voltage is applied to the liquid crystal panel as in the first embodiment, the transition time of the entire panel from the radiation alignment state to the curved alignment state is about 4. 5 seconds. Further, in the second embodiment, when the frequency of the driving voltage is changed in the range of 0·5 Ηζ to 6 kHz, from the low frequency (0·5 Ηζ) to 1. 0~1. Between 2 kHz, the transfer time is reduced, and then the transition time to the high frequency (6 kHz •) is slightly increased. Also, as the frequency of the applied driving voltage changes, the number of starting points of transition in the liquid crystal panel tends to change. That is, in the vicinity of about 1 kHz, the number of starting points of the transfer increases as the frequency increases, and then the number of starting points of the transfer slightly decreases. In the third embodiment, when the driving voltage is applied to the liquid crystal panel as in the first embodiment, the entire panel is radiated. The transfer time of the alignment state to the curved alignment state is about 4. 3 seconds. In the fourth embodiment, when the driving voltage is applied to the liquid crystal panel as in the first embodiment, -22- • 1284222 • (20) ', the transfer time of the entire panel from the radiation alignment state to the curved alignment state is about 5. 2 seconds. In the fifth embodiment, when the driving voltage is applied to the liquid crystal panel as in the first embodiment, the transfer time of the entire panel from the radiation alignment state to the curved alignment state is about 4. 2 seconds. Further, when a driving voltage of about 15 V is applied to each of the liquid crystal panels of Embodiments 1 to 5, the transition time of the entire panel from the radiation alignment state to the bending # alignment state is 3. 0~4. Within 5 seconds. Further, when a driving voltage of about 20 V is applied to each liquid crystal panel, the transition time of the entire panel from the radiation alignment state to the curved alignment state is in the range of 1 second, and in Embodiment 6, when the liquid crystal panel is applied At a driving voltage of 10 V, the transition time of the entire panel from the radiation alignment state to the curved alignment state is about 6 seconds. Moreover, when a driving voltage of about 15 V is applied to the liquid crystal panel, the transition of the entire panel from the radiological alignment state to the curved alignment state is about 1. 7 seconds. On the other hand, in the comparative example 1, when a driving voltage of about 10 V is applied to the liquid crystal panel, the liquid crystal panel gradually shifts from the radiation alignment state to the curved alignment state, but the deviation from the spacer starts (with the alignment defect). Corresponding transfer line), after about 10 seconds, only transferred 5%~10°/ of the entire panel. . Also, it takes about 280 seconds until the entire panel is uniformly transferred to the curved alignment state. Here, in the liquid crystal panel of the present invention, as shown schematically in FIG. 7, the liquid crystal molecules 5a of the liquid crystal layer 5 are aligned almost horizontally along the surface -23-(21) • 1284222* of the spacer 6 to which the surface treatment is applied, Therefore, the alignment disorder of the liquid crystal molecules 5a is less likely to occur around the spacer 6. As a result, when the voltage is applied, the liquid crystal layer 5 from the liquid crystal layer 5 on the side (the left side in the drawing) sandwiching the spacer 6 to the other side (the right side in the drawing) gradually becomes likely to cause a transition from the radiation alignment state to the curved alignment state. In the conventional liquid crystal panel, as shown schematically in FIG. 8, the liquid crystal molecules 5a of the liquid crystal layer 5 are randomly (φ horizontally and vertically) aligned along the surface of the spacer 6 which is not surface-treated, so that liquid crystal molecules surround the spacer 6. The alignment of 5 a creates confusion. As a result, the transition from the radiation alignment state to the bending alignment state when the voltage is applied is hindered by the spacer 6. As is apparent from the above description, by performing surface treatment in which the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer are aligned approximately horizontally on the surface of the spacer, it is possible to promote the alignment of the plurality of spacers dispersed in the liquid crystal layer from the radiation alignment. The transition of the state to the curved alignment state. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a liquid crystal display device to which the present invention is applied. 2 is a view of an active matrix substrate. Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing a concavo-convex shape formed on an alignment film. 4 is a schematic view showing a cross-sectional shape of a protrusion in a first direction. Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a state in which a liquid crystal layer is radially aligned. Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing a state in which a liquid crystal layer is bent and aligned. Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing an alignment state of liquid crystal molecules in a liquid crystal -24-1284222 '(22) ' panel of the present invention which is subjected to surface treatment on a spacer. Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing an alignment state of liquid crystal molecules in a liquid crystal panel of the prior art in which a surface treatment is not performed on a spacer. [Description of main component symbols] 1 : Liquid crystal display device 2 : Liquid crystal panel • 3 : — Square (back side) substrate 4 : The other (front side) substrate 5 : Liquid crystal layer 6 : Spacer
7 ·· TFT 1 5 :掃描線 1 6 :訊號線 19 :畫素電極 P 21 :配向膜 2 3 :黑矩陣層 24 :彩色濾光片層 25 :對向電極 26 :配向膜 2 8 :凸部 2 8 a :頂尖部 28b :第1傾斜面 28c :第2傾斜面 -25- (23)•1284222 3 1 a、3 1 b :光學補償板 3 2a、3 2b :偏光板 3 3 :背光7 ·· TFT 1 5 : scan line 1 6 : signal line 19 : pixel electrode P 21 : alignment film 2 3 : black matrix layer 24 : color filter layer 25 : opposite electrode 26 : alignment film 2 8 : convex Part 2 8 a : Tip portion 28b: First inclined surface 28c: Second inclined surface - 25 - (23) • 1284222 3 1 a, 3 1 b : Optical compensation plate 3 2a, 3 2b: Polarizing plate 3 3 : Backlight
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