1283956 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係·電驗《，並骑職切賴式電職應器的切 換式控制裝置。 # 【先前技術】 電源供應器已經廣泛地個在將未穩定調整的電源輸人轉換成可穩定 調整的電壓或電流。圖丨侧示—習知的電祕絲。—切換式控制裝置 10，係透過一個功率晶體20產生切換訊號VpwM，用以切換一變壓器η。 切換訊號VPWM的工作週期(duty cycle)決定功率傳遞的路徑，該功率傳遞的 路徑是由電源輸人綱電源供應II的輸出端。軸高頻切換技術的進步已 經降低了«供應n的大小與體積，但是作為切·_辨晶體卻產生 了電磁干擾而影響到電源輸入侧的電源品質。一電磁干擾濾波器(EMI filter)15放置於電源供應器的輸入端用來降低電磁干擾。然而，該電磁干擾 濾、波器15卻產生了功率損耗(p0wer consumpti〇n)與增加電源供應器的成本 與體積。近年來的發展過程中，許多先前的技術已經陸續發表，例如 年IEEE第十七屆應用電力電子會議(Applied P〇wer Electronics Omfemiee and Exposition，APEC)由 M. Rahkala、Τ· Suntio 與 Κ· Kalliomaki 三位提出利 用調頻(frequency modulation)或是跳頻的方法來降低電磁干擾的問題。然 而，先前技術的缺點在於頻率調變時，在電源供應器的輸出端會產生不想 要的漣波訊號(ripple signal)。藉由頻率調變的方式產生該漣波訊號，可以由 以下的描述得知。電源供應器的輸出功率為其輸出電壓V〇與輸出電流 的乘積，已知： ρ〇 =ν〇χΐ〇 =ηχΡ,Ν ----------------------------------------------------- (i) 變壓器11的輸入功率Ρ!Ν與一次側切換電流Ip可以分別表示為： 12839561283956 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] The present invention relates to a switching control device for a motorized electric service. # [Prior Art] Power supplies have been widely used to convert unsteadyly adjusted power inputs into steadily adjustable voltages or currents. The side of the figure shows a conventional electric wire. The switching control device 10 generates a switching signal VpwM through a power crystal 20 for switching a transformer η. The duty cycle of the switching signal VPWM determines the path of the power transfer, which is the output of the power supply to the power supply II. Advances in the high-frequency switching technology of the shaft have reduced the size and volume of the supply n, but as a tangent crystal, electromagnetic interference is generated which affects the power quality of the input side of the power supply. An EMI filter 15 is placed at the input of the power supply to reduce electromagnetic interference. However, the EMI filter 15 generates power loss (p0wer consumpti〇n) and increases the cost and volume of the power supply. In the course of development in recent years, many previous technologies have been published, such as the IEEE P.wer Electronics Omfemiee and Exposition (APEC) by M. Rahkala, Τ·Suntio and Κ· Kalliomaki. The three proposed to use frequency modulation or frequency hopping to reduce the problem of electromagnetic interference. However, a disadvantage of the prior art is that an unwanted ripple signal is generated at the output of the power supply during frequency modulation. The chopping signal is generated by frequency modulation, which can be known from the following description. The output power of the power supply is the product of its output voltage V〇 and the output current. It is known: ρ〇=ν〇χΐ〇=ηχΡ,Ν ------------------ ----------------------------------- (i) Input power of transformer 11 Ρ!Ν and primary side switching The current Ip can be expressed as: 1283956
Pin =0 TxLp χΙρ 2xTPin =0 TxLp χΙρ 2xT
Ip = γ^χΤ0ΝIp = γ^χΤ0Ν
Lp 其中η為變壓H 11的效率；VlN為變壓器n的輪人電壓；Lp為變壓器u -次側的電祕，τ為切換喊VpwM的切換獅；τ⑽為她訊號V觸 的導通時間(on-time)。方程式(1)可以寫成·· 2xLpxT (2) 切換週期τ依據鮮輕而產生變化。如方程式(2)所示，當切換週期 T變化時，輸出功率P〇將隨著之改變。因此，當輸出功率&變化時… 個不想要的漣波訊號將產生出來。 本發明的主要目的係提供-切換式控織置，勒換式控制裝置的切 換頻率具有跳頻的特性，絲降低電源供應器的電磁干擾。本發明所揭示 的切換式控繼置將不會在電源供應H的輸出端產生不想要的漣波訊號。 【發明内容】 时根據本發明所揭示的切換式控制裝置具有跳頻特性而應用於電源供應 态包含一時脈產生器(clock generator)用來產生時脈訊號。一模組產生器依 f時脈訊號的輸出·生數位模組碼。—振in產生振舰號，可用來決 =切換汛號的切換頻率。一可程式的電容與振盪器相連接，可依據數位模 組碼的輸出來觀切觀率。-衰減ϋ連接職壓迴授迴路，用以衰減迴 授巩唬，該迴授訊號係用來控制切換訊號的脈波寬度，並且用來控制電源 供應器的輸出功率…可程式的雜與衰減器相連接，可依據數位模組碼 2輪出來程式化衰減器的衰減比率。當切換頻率增加時，衰減比率也隨之 、曰加。減少切換訊號的脈波寬度可用來補償切換週期的降低，並且使得電 源供應器的輪出功率與輸出賴轉固定值。 1283956 要注意的是，以上的概述與接下來的詳細說明皆為示範性質，是為了 進一步說明本發明的申請專利範圍。而有關本發明的其他目的與優點，將 在後續的說明與圖示加以闡述。 【實施方式】 圖1係顯示一習知的電源供應器。一切換式控制裝置1〇係依據迴授訊 號vFB的輸出來調變切換訊號vPWM的脈波寬度。該迴授訊號vFB的取得源 自於光柄和器(〇ptical-coupler)85。一運算放大器(operational amplifier)80 與 參考電壓(reference voltage)VREF組成誤差放大器(error amplifier)，用來驅動 該光耦和器85。電阻72、73與誤差放大器形成電壓迴授迴路，用來穩定調 整電源供應器的輸出電壓V〇。變壓器11的一次側切換電流Ip透過一感測 電阻30轉換成切換電流訊號Vs。該切換電流訊號Vs係用來供給切換式控 制裝置10，用以切換訊號VPWM的脈波寬度調變。 圖2係顯示根據本發明所述之具有跳頻特性之切換控制裝置之一實旋 例。一時脈產生器400產生時脈訊號Ck。一模組產生器300依據時脈訊號 ck的輸出而用來產生數位模組碼[Μη· ·Μι]。一振盪器2〇〇係用以決定切移 訊號vPWM的切換頻率，該切換訊號VpwM係與時脈訊號CK為同步。一^ 私式化的電容290係連接到振盪器2〇〇，依據數位模組碼[Μη ·· Μι]的輸出用 以調變切換解。-電阻Ra與—電阻知組絲減器5⑻。該電阻^係達 接到電壓迴授迴路，可用以衰減迴授罐Vfb。該電阻Ra的第—個端點卷 由迴授H vFB所提供，該迴授域Vfb經由脈寬輕器(p漏c〇ntr〇 _lt)600係用來控制切換訊號％爾的脈波寬度，因而控制電源供應器^ 輸出功率。該電阻ra的第二個端點艇接龍電阻~的第—個端點。p 電㈣的第二個端點係連接到接地端參考準位一電践在電阻％的第 ΐ電壓减源自於衰減器的輸出端。一可程式化的電1^ ，、到衣減器500的輸出端，依據數位模組码[Μη··Μ1]的輸出可用來 1283956 程式化衰減器500的衰減比率。無論切換頻率何時增加，衰減比率也隨之 增加。減少切換訊號vPWM的脈波寬度可用來補償切換週期的降低，並使得 電源供應|§的輸出功率與輸出電壓維持固定值。 可程式的電阻1〇〇包含互相並聯連接的切換電阻組(switching_resist〇r set) ’該切換電阻組是由數個電阻Ri，R2, · ·凡與數個開關is]，· ·心所組成。 開關S!與電阻&為串聯連接，開關心與電阻&為串聯連接，開關&與電 阻Rn也是串聯連接形式。數位模組碼[Μη· ·Μι]控制開關Si，S2, · ·&。 T程式的電谷290包含互相並聯連接的切換電容組(switching_capacit〇r 呂己…物換電容組是由數個電容心以义與數個開關&知^所組 成。開關&與電容q為串聯連接，開關χ2與電容C2為串聯連接，開關 Xn與電谷Cn也是串聯連接形式。數位模組碼[Μη· ·Μι]控制開關&，χ2, _ · χη〇 圖3係顯示根據本發明之實施例的振盪器綱。一電流源&產生充電 電肌IcHG。-電流源12〇產生放電電流Idchg。一充電開關係連接於電流 源Ιιο與電谷C之間，一放電開關S41係連接於電容c與電流源^之間。 -比較器210的正端輸人提供—臨界電壓(threshdd yd㈣^。該比較器 =10的負端輸入與電容c相連接。一比較器22G的負端輸入提供一臨界電 壓VL ’ j亥比較n ’的正向輸入端與電容c相連接，而臨界電壓w的電 堅準位於臨界電壓VL。- NAND閘230的輸出端產生振I訊號pLS， 用來導通或截止放電開關s41，該NA糾⑽的第一個輸入端係由比較器 ’的輸出端所驅動。- NAND間施的兩個輸入端分別連接到ΝΑ·閘 ’的輸出端與比較器22〇的輸出端。該ναν〇間鳩的輸出端係連接到 NAND閘230的第二個輸入端，並且可以用來導通或截止該充電開關知。 圖4係顯示根據本發曰月之實施例的模組產生器3〇〇。一計時师丽)綱 S植魏CK的輸出來產生二位柄_町_肌· b。]。—唯讀記憶 I283956 [Mn 。該唯項§己憶體320的位址輸入(a她ess丨叩说)係由該計時器3i〇 的輪出來驅動。 圖5係顯示根據本發明之另一實施例的模組產生器3〇〇。數個暫存器 331，332·· 335與一 X〇R閘339組成一線性位移暫存器（linear shift register) ’並依據時脈訊號CK的輸出來產生一個線性碼(iinear c〇de)。該xqr 閘339的輸入決定該線性移位暫存器的多項式(p〇iyn〇miais)，並且決定該 線性位移暫存器的輸出。此外，數位模組碼[Μη··Μι]會採用源自於線性碼 的部分來進行最佳化的應用。 圖6係顯示根據本發明之實施例的脈寬調變器6〇〇。脈寬調變器6〇〇包 含一比較器610、一 D型正反器62〇與一 AND閘630。該比較器61〇是用 來重置(reset)D型正反器620。電壓Vb源自於衰減器500而供給比較器61〇 的正端輸入。切換電流訊號vs供給比較器610的負端輸入。藉由一供電電 壓Vcc將D型正反器620的D輸入端上拉(pUHhigh)到供電電壓準位。d型 正反器620的時脈輸入(cl〇ckinput)係由振盪訊號pLS所供給。ΑΝ〇閘⑽ 的第一個輸入端係由振盪訊號PLS所供給。AND閘63〇的第二個輸入端係 連接到D型正反H 62G的輸出端。AND閘63〇的輸出產生切換訊號v_。 熟悉此技藝者當可在不悖離本發明的精神與範疇之下，針對本發明的 結構進行各種修正與改變。由前述觀之，各種修正與改變只要合乎以下的 申請專利範圍及其等效解釋，皆可視為本發明的一部分。 、 【圖式簡單說明】 在此所附之圖表是絲清楚描述本發明，並·為與構成詳細規格的 一部分，以下的圖示描繪出本發明的實施例，並配合詳細說明部份，;以 解釋本發明的原則。 圖1係顯示習知的電源供應器具有一電磁干擾濾波器； 圖2係顯示根據本發明所述之具有跳頻特性之切換式控制裝置之實施例· 1283956 圖3係顯示根據本發明之實施例的振盪器； 圖4係顯示根據本發明之實施例的模組產生器； 圖5係顯示根據本發明之另一實施例的模組產生器； 圖6係顯示根據本發明之實施例的脈寬調變器。 【主要元件符號說明】 10 切換式控制器 11 變壓器 15 電磁干擾渡波器 17 直流穩壓電容 20 功率電晶體 30 電流檢知電阻 71 光耦合器電阻 72 分壓電阻 73 分壓電阻 74 補償電阻 75 補償電容 80 運算放大器 85 光耦合器 100 可程式的電阻 200 振盪器 210 比較器 220 比較器 230 MND閘 240 MND閘 290 可程式的電容 300 模組產生器 310 計時器 320 位址唯讀記憶體資料 331 暫存器 332 暫存器 335 暫存器 339 XOR閘 400 時脈產生器 500 衰減器 600 脈寬調變器 610 比較器 620 D型正反器 630 AND閘Lp where η is the efficiency of transformer H 11; VlN is the wheel voltage of transformer n; Lp is the power of transformer u - secondary side, τ is the switching lion that switches VpwM; τ (10) is the conduction time of her signal V touch ( On-time). Equation (1) can be written as ·· 2xLpxT (2) The switching period τ varies depending on the lightness. As shown in equation (2), when the switching period T changes, the output power P〇 will change accordingly. Therefore, when the output power & change... an unwanted chopping signal will be generated. The main object of the present invention is to provide a switching type control weaving device in which the switching frequency of the switching control device has a frequency hopping characteristic, and the wire reduces electromagnetic interference of the power supply. The switched control relay disclosed in the present invention will not generate unwanted chopping signals at the output of the power supply H. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A switching control device according to the present invention has a frequency hopping characteristic and is applied to a power supply state including a clock generator for generating a clock signal. A module generator outputs the digital clock code according to the output of the f-clock signal. - The vibration generates the vibration ship number, which can be used to determine the switching frequency of the switching nickname. A programmable capacitor is coupled to the oscillator to view the rate based on the output of the digital block code. - Attenuation ϋ connected pressure feedback loop for attenuating feedback Gong Li, the feedback signal is used to control the pulse width of the switching signal, and is used to control the output power of the power supply... Programmable noise and attenuation The devices are connected, and the attenuation ratio of the attenuator can be programmed according to the round of the digital module code. As the switching frequency increases, the attenuation ratio also increases. Reducing the pulse width of the switching signal can be used to compensate for the reduction in the switching period and to cause the power supply to the output of the power supply to be fixed at a fixed value. 1283956 It is to be noted that the above summary and the following detailed description are exemplary in order to further illustrate the scope of the claims. Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description and drawings. [Embodiment] FIG. 1 shows a conventional power supply. A switching control device 1 modulates the pulse width of the switching signal vPWM according to the output of the feedback signal vFB. The acquisition of the feedback signal vFB is derived from a 〇ptical-coupler 85. An operational amplifier 80 and a reference voltage VREF form an error amplifier for driving the optocoupler 85. The resistors 72, 73 and the error amplifier form a voltage feedback loop for stably adjusting the output voltage V〇 of the power supply. The primary side switching current Ip of the transformer 11 is converted into a switching current signal Vs through a sensing resistor 30. The switching current signal Vs is used to supply the switching control device 10 for switching the pulse width modulation of the signal VPWM. Fig. 2 is a view showing an example of a switching control device having frequency hopping characteristics according to the present invention. The clock generator 400 generates a clock signal Ck. A module generator 300 is used to generate a digital module code [Μη··Μι] according to the output of the clock signal ck. An oscillator 2 is used to determine the switching frequency of the switching signal vPWM, and the switching signal VpwM is synchronized with the clock signal CK. A private capacitor 290 is connected to the oscillator 2, and the output of the digital module code [Μη ·· Μι] is used to modulate the switching solution. - Resistor Ra and - Resistance Known Group Reducer 5 (8). The resistor is connected to a voltage feedback loop that can be used to attenuate the feedback tank Vfb. The first endpoint volume of the resistor Ra is provided by a feedback H vFB, and the feedback domain Vfb is used to control the pulse wave of the switching signal by using a pulse width lighter (p drain c〇ntr〇_lt) 600. Width, thus controlling the power supply ^ output power. The second end of the resistor ra is connected to the first end of the dragon resistor ~. The second end of p (4) is connected to the ground reference level. The first voltage drop at the % of the resistor is derived from the output of the attenuator. A programmable electrical output, to the output of the subtractor 500, can be used to attenuate the attenuation ratio of the programmed attenuator 500 according to the output of the digital module code [Μη··Μ1]. The attenuation ratio increases as the switching frequency increases. Reducing the pulse width of the switching signal vPWM can be used to compensate for the reduction in the switching period and to maintain a fixed value of the output power and output voltage of the power supply. The programmable resistor 1〇〇 includes a switching resistor group (switching_resist〇r set) connected in parallel with each other. 'The switching resistor group is composed of several resistors Ri, R2, · · · with several switches is], · · heart . The switch S! is connected in series with the resistor & the switch core and the resistor & are connected in series, and the switch & and the resistor Rn are also connected in series. The digital module code [Μη· ·Μι] controls the switches Si, S2, · · & The electric valley 290 of the T program includes a switching capacitor group connected in parallel with each other (switching_capacit〇r), the capacitor-changing capacitor group is composed of a plurality of capacitor cores and a plurality of switches & knowing. Switch & For series connection, switch χ2 and capacitor C2 are connected in series, switch Xn and electric valley Cn are also connected in series. Digital module code [Μη· ·Μι] control switch &, χ2, _ · 〇η〇 Figure 3 shows An oscillator of the embodiment of the present invention. A current source & generates a charging electrode IcHG. - A current source 12 〇 generates a discharge current Idchg. A charge-on relationship is connected between the current source Ιιο and the valley C, a discharge switch S41 is connected between the capacitor c and the current source ^. - The positive terminal of the comparator 210 is supplied with a threshold voltage (threshdd yd (four) ^. The negative terminal input of the comparator = 10 is connected to the capacitor c. A comparator 22G The negative input inputs provide a threshold voltage VL ' jhai compare n ' the positive input terminal is connected to the capacitor c, and the threshold voltage w is electrically asserted at the threshold voltage VL. - The output terminal of the NAND gate 230 generates the vibration I signal pLS, used to turn the discharge switch on or off s41 The first input of the NA correction (10) is driven by the output of the comparator '. - The two inputs of the NAND inter-connect are respectively connected to the output of the sluice gate and the output of the comparator 22 。. The output of ναν〇 is connected to the second input of NAND gate 230 and can be used to turn on or off the charging switch. Figure 4 shows a module generator 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention. 〇〇. One time teacher Li) Sang Sang Wei CK output to produce two handles _ _ _ muscle · b.] - read only memory I283956 [Mn. The address of the only § memory 320 input ( a her ess丨叩) is driven by the wheel of the timer 3i. Fig. 5 shows a module generator 3 according to another embodiment of the present invention. A plurality of registers 331, 332·· 335 and an X〇R gate 339 form a linear shift register 'and generate a linear code (iinear c〇de) according to the output of the clock signal CK. The input of the xqr gate 339 determines the linearity Shifting the polynomial of the register (p〇iyn〇miais) and determining the output of the linear shift register. In addition, the digital mode The code [Μη··Μι] will be optimized using the portion derived from the linear code. Figure 6 is a diagram showing a pulse width modulator 6〇〇 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The 〇〇 includes a comparator 610, a D-type flip-flop 62〇 and an AND gate 630. The comparator 61 is used to reset the D-type flip-flop 620. The voltage Vb is derived from the attenuator 500. The positive terminal input of the comparator 61 is supplied. The switching current signal vs is supplied to the negative terminal input of the comparator 610. The D input of the D-type flip-flop 620 is pulled up (pUHhigh) to a supply voltage level by a supply voltage Vcc. The clock input (cl〇ckinput) of the d-type flip-flop 620 is supplied by the oscillation signal pLS. The first input of the brake (10) is supplied by the oscillation signal PLS. The second input of the AND gate 63〇 is connected to the output of the D-type forward and reverse H 62G. The output of the AND gate 63〇 produces a switching signal v_. A person skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes to the structure of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In view of the foregoing, various modifications and changes may be made as part of the scope of the invention as claimed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings, which are set forth in the drawings, are in the To explain the principles of the invention. 1 shows a conventional power supply with an electromagnetic interference filter; FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a switching control device having frequency hopping characteristics according to the present invention. 1283956. FIG. 3 shows an embodiment according to the present invention. FIG. 4 shows a module generator according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5 shows a module generator according to another embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 6 shows a pulse according to an embodiment of the present invention. Wide modulator. [Main component symbol description] 10 Switching controller 11 Transformer 15 Electromagnetic interference waver 17 DC voltage regulator capacitor 20 Power transistor 30 Current detection resistor 71 Photocoupler resistor 72 Voltage divider resistor 73 Voltage divider resistor 74 Compensation resistor 75 Compensation Capacitor 80 Operational Amplifier 85 Photocoupler 100 Programmable Resistor 200 Oscillator 210 Comparator 220 Comparator 230 MND Gate 240 MND Gate 290 Programmable Capacitor 300 Module Generator 310 Timer 320 Address Read Only Memory Data 331 Register 332 Register 335 Register 339 XOR Gate 400 Clock Generator 500 Attenuator 600 Pulse Width Modulator 610 Comparator 620 D-type Reactor 630 AND Gate