1283955 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 ^本發明涉及一種電氣設備之安全保護電路 父川L電源的火線與水線反接時保護後級的電 路0 、 ，尤其涉及一種當 設備不被燒毀的電 【先前技術】 現有的-般電氣設備之供電系統基本採用三線式交流供電， ^電源的火線與水線供電，接地線起到保戶免受觸電 險的作用。但是由於牆壁插座的線錯誤或其他原因導致水線 與火線的反接將會燒贱級的電氣設備，給使用者帶來不同程度 的經濟損失。現有技射轉_方歧f是在火線和水線中接 險絲，當供電異常時，保險絲自動被熔斷。保險絲雖然結構 簡，、成本低，但是由於其安全性能比較粗鏠，反應遲鈍，對於 ，氣设備的保護力度小。並且’保險絲熔斷後為了使電氣設備繼 繽正常工作，使用者必須立即更換。 因而，需要提供一種更為靈敏，且使用方便的保護電氣設備 在交流電源的火線及水線反接時不被燒毀的電路。 【發明内容】 針對上述不足，本發明的目的在於提供一種電氣設備的保護 電路，將此電路安裝於電氣設備的前級可保護電氣設備在輸入交 流電源的火線及水線反接時不被燒毀。 本發明提供的電氣設備保護電路包括一偵測器、一驅動器及 一警報器。偵測器跨接於輸入交流電源的水線與地線之間，驅動 器跨接於交流電源與電氣設備之間，當偵測器偵測到電源的火線 與水線反接時，觸發驅動器同時斷開火線及水線與後級電氣設備 的連接，並啓動警報器報警。其中，偵測器由相互串聯的一分壓 電路、一整流濾波電路、一偵測電路及一高壓隔離電路組成。當 交流電源的水線與火線反接時，水線與地線間交流電的電壓值經 1283955 为壓電路分驗關—較小值，再由整流濾波電路將降壓後的交 流電變，-穩定的直流電，當有直流電壓加在_電路上，债測 電路使高龜離電料通，並觸伽動輯開火線及水線與後級 電氣設備的連接，同時啓動警報器。 採用本發明之電氣設備安全電路，能靈敏侧到交流電源水 線與火線的反接，及顿開水線及火線與後級電氣設備的連接， ，具有警報魏，可使細者及時魏危險及時排除。 【實施方式】 參閱第一圖，其表示本發明所述電氣設備保護電路的應用環 土兄’該電氣設備保護電路可嵌入到各種電氣設備4的前級，當交 流電源的火線Vac-L與水線Vac-N反接時保護後級各種電氣設備4 不被燒毀°。該電氣設備保護電路包括有一偵測器i，一驅動器2 及一警報1§ 3。該偵測器1跨接於水線Vac—N與地線EGND之間， 並與驅動H 2減。該，轉n 2跨接於交流電源與電氣設備之間 並與警報器3相連。當火線vac—l與水線Vac-N反接，則水線Vac一N ，地線EGND間的電墨差將大於零，一般為+1而或+22仰。當摘測 裔1偵測到此電壓，將觸發驅動器2斷開雙刀雙擲開關K1，即斷 開火線Vac-L及水線Vac-N與後級電氣設備4的連接，此時，雙 刀雙擲開關K1與警報器3相連啓動警報器3。 參閱第二圖，其表示本發明所述的電氣設備保護電路的詳細 電路圖。相互串聯的一分壓電路u、一整流濾波電路12、一偵測1283955 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] The present invention relates to a circuit for protecting the rear stage when the live line of the parental L power supply of the parent equipment is reversed when the safety line of the electrical equipment is reversed, and particularly relates to a device that does not Burned electricity [previous technology] The power supply system of the existing general electrical equipment basically adopts three-wire AC power supply, ^ the power line and the water line power supply, and the grounding line plays the role of protecting the household from electric shock. However, due to the wrong line of the wall socket or other reasons, the reverse connection between the water line and the fire line will burn the electrical equipment of the grade, causing different degrees of economic loss to the user. The existing technical transfer _ square F is a fuse in the hot line and the water line. When the power supply is abnormal, the fuse is automatically blown. Although the fuse is simple in structure and low in cost, its safety performance is relatively sluggish and unresponsive, and the protection of the gas equipment is small. And, in order to make the electrical equipment work normally after the fuse is blown, the user must replace it immediately. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a more sensitive and easy-to-use circuit for protecting electrical equipment from being burned when the live and cold lines of the AC power source are reversed. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies, an object of the present invention is to provide a protection circuit for an electrical device, which is installed in a front stage of an electrical device to protect an electrical device from being burned when the live line and the water line of the input AC power source are reversely connected. . The electrical device protection circuit provided by the present invention includes a detector, a driver and an alarm. The detector is connected between the water line of the input AC power source and the ground line, and the driver is connected between the AC power source and the electrical device. When the detector detects that the power line of the power source is connected with the water line, the driver is triggered simultaneously. Disconnect the live and water lines from the electrical equipment at the rear stage and activate the alarm. The detector comprises a voltage divider circuit, a rectifier filter circuit, a detection circuit and a high voltage isolation circuit connected in series. When the water line of the AC power supply is reversely connected with the hot line, the voltage value of the alternating current between the water line and the ground line is verified by the voltage circuit through 1283955 - the smaller value, and then the rectified filter circuit changes the alternating current after the step-down, - stable The direct current, when there is a DC voltage added to the _ circuit, the debt measurement circuit enables the high turtle to pass the electric material, and touches the gamma to open the connection between the fire line and the water line and the electrical equipment of the latter stage, and simultaneously activates the alarm. By adopting the safety circuit of the electrical equipment of the invention, the sensitive side can be connected to the reverse connection of the AC power water line and the fire line, and the connection between the water line and the fire line and the electrical equipment of the latter stage, and the alarm Wei can make the finer timely and dangerous. exclude. [Embodiment] Referring to the first figure, the application of the electrical equipment protection circuit of the present invention is shown in the following: The electrical equipment protection circuit can be embedded in the front stage of various electrical equipment 4, when the AC line of the AC power line Vac-L and When the water line Vac-N is reversely connected, the various electrical equipment 4 in the rear stage is protected from being burned. The electrical equipment protection circuit includes a detector i, a driver 2 and an alarm 1 § 3. The detector 1 is connected across the water line Vac_N and the ground line EGND, and is subtracted from the driving H 2 . Thus, the switch n 2 is connected between the AC power source and the electrical device and connected to the alarm 3. When the fire line vac-1 is connected to the water line Vac-N, the electric ink difference between the water line Vac-N and the ground line EGND will be greater than zero, generally +1 or +22. When the sensor 1 detects this voltage, it will trigger the driver 2 to disconnect the double-pole double-throw switch K1, that is, disconnect the live line Vac-L and the water line Vac-N from the rear-level electrical equipment 4, at this time, double The knife double throw switch K1 is connected to the alarm 3 to activate the alarm 3. Referring to the second drawing, there is shown a detailed circuit diagram of the electrical device protection circuit of the present invention. a voltage dividing circuit u, a rectifying and filtering circuit 12, and a detecting circuit connected in series
電路13及一高壓隔離電路14共同組成_器卜當火線Vac—L 與水線Vac-N反接時，加在水線Vac—N與地線EGND間交流電的電 壓值經分壓電路11分壓後降到—較小值，再由整流紐電路12 將降壓後的交流電縣-穩定的直流電，t有直流電壓加在偵測 電路13上’憤測電路13將使高壓隔離電路14導通並觸發驅動器 2 ° 分壓電路11包括兩個串聯於交流電源水線Vac_N與地線egnd 1283955 Γ曰1、雷—Γ9月泊細且^ 2。整流濾波電路12包括二極體D1、钽電容 11 極體的。偵測電路13包括電阻R3、電阻R4、 雷ίH晶rfQl及PNP型電晶體吸。高壓隔離電路包括 p ^tF^R? Vcc 0 2 ^ ^、；：體⑽、繼電器15。繼餘15進一步包 又又、幵 f鐵芯的線圈W1。繼電器15中的雙刀雙擲The circuit 13 and a high voltage isolation circuit 14 are combined to form a voltage. When the fire line Vac-L is connected to the water line Vac-N, the voltage value of the alternating current applied between the water line Vac_N and the ground line EGND is passed through the voltage dividing circuit 11 After the partial pressure is reduced to - a smaller value, and then the rectification circuit 12 will depressurize the AC power county - stable DC power, t has a DC voltage applied to the detection circuit 13 - the inrush circuit 13 will cause the high voltage isolation circuit 14 Turning on and triggering the driver 2 ° voltage dividing circuit 11 includes two serially connected to the AC power supply line Vac_N and the ground line egnd 1283955 Γ曰1, Ray-Γ, and 9 sec. The rectifying and filtering circuit 12 includes a diode D1 and a tantalum capacitor 11 pole body. The detecting circuit 13 includes a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a rrH crystal rfQl, and a PNP type transistor. The high voltage isolation circuit includes p ^tF^R? Vcc 0 2 ^ ^, ;: body (10), relay 15. Following the remainder of the 15th, the coil W1 of the iron core is further wrapped. Double pole double throw in relay 15
Γ ΓΓΓΓ雙擲開關，平行的與火線㈣及‘vac N 目，，=開_閉合時與後級的火線va(H^ N 相連，t雙擲開關K1_時與警報器3相連。 如第一圖所不，在此電路結構中，電阻R1與電阻R2串接於 交流電源的水線VacHi魏線職D之間。二減D1的陽極連接 於電阻R1與電阻R2之間，陰極與㈣容π的正極相連。钽電容 C1的負極與地線EGND相連。電容C2與组電容π並聯。曾納二極 體D2的陰極與隹電容C1的正極相連，陽極與地線Ε_相連。電 阻R3的-端與二極體D1的陰極相連，另一端與R4串聯後與地線 EGND相連。NPN型電晶體qi❺基極連接於電阻r3與電阻脱之間， 射極與地線EGND相連，集極與電阻R5及pNp型電晶體Q2的基極 依次相連。PNP型電晶體Q2的射極與二極體讥的陰極相連，集極 與電阻R6的一端相連。電阻R6的另一端與光耦合器〇π的陽極 相連，光輕合裔0C1的陰極與地線π·相連，光耦合器〇Q的集 極與電阻R7的一端相連，光耦合器〇cl的射極接地。電阻π的 另一端與直流電源Vcc相連。P型場效電晶體Q3的閘極連接於電 阻R7與光耦合器0C1的集極之間，源極與直流電源Vcc相連，汲 極與線圈wi的一端相連，線圈wi的另一端接地。二極體D3的陰 極與p型場效電晶體Q3的源極相連，陽極與p型場效電晶體q3 的没極相連。雙刀雙擲開關K1位於線圈叽中鐵芯的上方。 本發明實施例所述的電氣設備保護電路詳細工作原理如下。 正常情況下，交流電源的水線Vac-N與地線EGND間的電壓差為 1283955 零。交流電源的火線Vac-L與水線Vac-N反接時，水線Vac-N就 相當於火線Vac-L帶有+110V或+220V的電壓，此時水線Vac-N與 地線EGND間的電壓差遠大於零。通過在水線yac_N與地線EGND 間串聯兩個電阻R1及R2，則經分壓後加在電阻R2上的電壓小於 水線Vac-N與地線EGND間的電壓。降壓後的交流電經二極體D1， 變為只有正半周期的交流訊號。钽電容C1為一高容值有極性的電 容，可濾掉交流訊號中的低頻雜訊，並在有電壓加在钽電容C1兩 端時充電，钽電容C1兩端電壓為零時放電。電容C2為一低容值 無極性的電容，可濾掉交流訊號中的高頻雜訊。當只有正半周期 的交流訊號經過鈕電容C1及電容C2後，變為一穩定的直流訊號。 冒納一，體D2用於將輸入的直流訊號钳位於一特定電壓值。該特 定的電壓值要保證經電阻R3及電阻R4分壓後，電阻奴兩端的電 壓值大於0.7V (即NPN型電晶體Q1的開啓電壓）。 當R4兩端的電壓大於0·7ν時，NpN型電晶體以導通。此時 PNP型電晶體Q2基極的電壓被拉低，而使得pNp型電晶體氓導 因為，當NPN型電晶體qi截止時，pNp型電晶體敗的射極電 壓不大於基極電壓（K7V而處於截止狀態，當NpN型電晶 通時，ΡΝΡ型電晶體Q2的射極電壓大於基極電壓〇· 7V而處於 狀態。電阻R5為PNP型電晶體q2 _的限流蔓 通，t ㈣純合11⑽的陰極與陽極導 S 錢極導通，此時，p型場效電晶體 =電阻。當光搞合器0C1的射極與集極截 = Q3的閘極電壓準位近似於源極電壓準位，雜直流 時，P型場效電晶體Q3截止。者弁為人哭電源Vcc ’此 ^ P型場效電晶體Q3閘極的;壓近::零，小於㉗= 體Q3源極的糕，此時，p型場效電晶體⑽導通。線圈f= 1283955 流流過瞬間，産生磁場使雙刀雙擲開關K1斷開與後級電氣設備的 連接’並啓動警報器。 在P型場效電晶體Q3從導通狀態恢復到截止狀態時，線圈wi 産生的反電動勢與直流電源Vcc產生的瞬間電壓降可能擊穿p型 場=晶體Q3,當二極體D3連接到p型場效電晶體的源極與汲極 之曰％· ’線圈W1⑽存之能量由二極體D3路徑回歸至直流 kc，，而保護P型場效電晶體Q3不被擊穿。 用以，軸本發明已啸佳實補公開如上，然:其並非 神巧_，當可作各種的更域 = 以前述的權利要求蚊的範圍為准。u_保善耗圍 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖係本發明所述之電氣設備保 偵測器 驅動器 警報器 電氣設備 分壓電路 整流濾波電路 偵測電路 高壓隔離電路 繼電器 電阻 二極體 曾納二極體 鈕電容 電容 2 3 4 11 12 13 14 15 R7 R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、 Dl、D3 D2 Cl C2 1283955 NPN型電晶體 PNP型電晶體 光偶合器 P型場效電晶體 雙刀雙擲開關 線圈Γ ΓΓΓΓ double throw switch, parallel and fire line (4) and 'vac N mesh,, = open _ closed when connected with the rear stage fire line va (H ^ N, t double throw switch K1_ connected to the alarm 3. In the figure, in the circuit structure, the resistor R1 and the resistor R2 are connected in series between the water line Vaci and the line D of the alternating current power source. The anode of the second minus D1 is connected between the resistor R1 and the resistor R2, and the cathode and the (four) The anode of the capacitor π is connected. The cathode of the tantalum capacitor C1 is connected to the ground line EGND. The capacitor C2 is connected in parallel with the group capacitor π. The cathode of the Zener diode D2 is connected to the anode of the tantalum capacitor C1, and the anode is connected to the ground line Ε_. The end of R3 is connected to the cathode of the diode D1, and the other end is connected in series with R4 and connected to the ground line EGND. The base of the NPN type transistor is connected between the resistor r3 and the resistor, and the emitter is connected to the ground line EGND. The collector is connected in series with the base of the resistor R5 and the pNp type transistor Q2. The emitter of the PNP type transistor Q2 is connected to the cathode of the diode 讥, and the collector is connected to one end of the resistor R6. The other end of the resistor R6 is connected with light. The anode of the coupler 〇π is connected, and the cathode of the light-light ensemble 0C1 is connected to the ground line π·, and the set of the optical coupler 〇Q The pole is connected to one end of the resistor R7, and the emitter of the photocoupler 〇cl is grounded. The other end of the resistor π is connected to the DC power source Vcc. The gate of the P-type field effect transistor Q3 is connected to the set of the resistor R7 and the optocoupler 0C1. Between the poles, the source is connected to the DC power source Vcc, the drain is connected to one end of the coil wi, and the other end of the coil wi is grounded. The cathode of the diode D3 is connected to the source of the p-type field effect transistor Q3, the anode and the p The double-pole double-throw switch K1 is located above the iron core of the coil 。. The detailed working principle of the electrical equipment protection circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention is as follows. Under normal circumstances, the water of the alternating current power supply The voltage difference between the line Vac-N and the ground line EGND is 1283955. When the live line Vac-L is connected to the water line Vac-N, the water line Vac-N is equivalent to the Fire line Vac-L with +110V or +220V voltage, the voltage difference between the water line Vac-N and the ground line EGND is far greater than zero. By connecting two resistors R1 and R2 in series between the water line yac_N and the ground line EGND, the voltage is applied to the resistor after partial voltage division. The voltage on R2 is less than the voltage between the water line Vac-N and the ground line EGND. The voltage after the step-down is passed through the diode D. 1, becomes an alternating current signal with only positive half cycle. Tantalum capacitor C1 is a high capacitance and polarity capacitor, which can filter out the low frequency noise in the AC signal and charge when a voltage is applied across the tantalum capacitor C1. The capacitor C2 is a low-capacity non-polarity capacitor that filters out high-frequency noise in the AC signal. After that, it becomes a stable DC signal. The sensor D2 is used to clamp the input DC signal to a specific voltage value. The specific voltage value is to ensure that the voltage across the resistor slave is greater than 0.7V (ie, the turn-on voltage of the NPN transistor Q1) after being divided by the resistor R3 and the resistor R4. When the voltage across R4 is greater than 0·7 ν, the NpN type transistor is turned on. At this time, the voltage of the base of the PNP-type transistor Q2 is pulled low, so that the pNp-type transistor is guided because when the NPN-type transistor qi is turned off, the emitter voltage of the pNp-type transistor is not greater than the base voltage (K7V). In the off state, when the NpN type is electrically connected, the emitter voltage of the germanium transistor Q2 is greater than the base voltage 〇·7V and is in a state. The resistor R5 is a current limiting transistor of the PNP type transistor q2 _, t (4) The cathode of the homozygous 11 (10) is electrically connected to the anode of the anode. At this time, the p-type field effect transistor = resistance. When the emitter of the optical coupler 0C1 and the collector cutoff = Q3, the gate voltage level is close to the source. Voltage level, hybrid DC, P-type field effect transistor Q3 cut off. Those who cry for the power supply Vcc 'this ^ P type field effect transistor Q3 gate; pressure close:: zero, less than 27 = body Q3 source The pole cake, at this time, the p-type field effect transistor (10) is turned on. The coil f = 1283955 flows through the moment, generating a magnetic field to disconnect the double-pole double-throw switch K1 from the electrical equipment of the subsequent stage' and activates the alarm. When the P-type field effect transistor Q3 returns from the on state to the off state, the back electromotive force generated by the coil wi and the DC power source Vcc are generated. The instantaneous voltage drop may break through the p-type field = crystal Q3, when the diode D3 is connected to the source and the drain of the p-type field effect transistor. The energy stored in the coil W1 (10) is returned by the diode D3 path to DC kc, and protect the P-type field effect transistor Q3 from being broken down. For the purpose of the present invention, the invention has been disclosed as above, but it is not a dexterous _, when it can be used for various fields = The scope of claims is based on the scope of the mosquito. u_保善耗围 [Simple diagram of the diagram] The first diagram is the electrical equipment of the present invention, the detector driver, the alarm device, the electrical equipment, the voltage divider circuit, the rectification filter circuit detection circuit High-voltage isolation circuit relay resistor diode Zener diode button capacitor 2 3 4 11 12 13 14 15 R7 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, Dl, D3 D2 Cl C2 1283955 NPN transistor PNP type Transistor optical coupler P-type field effect transistor double-pole double-throw switch coil