1273158 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於一種變曲率隔震器，尤其是指一種於 施行使用上不僅不易與低頻震波產生共震現象，且亦可提 高其之承載力，而更增其實用功欵性之變曲率隔震器創新 設計者。 【先前技術】1273158 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] The present invention relates to a variable curvature isolator, and particularly to a method that is not only difficult to generate a co-seismic phenomenon with a low-frequency shock wave, but also can improve the bearing thereof. Innovative designers of variable curvature isolators that are more powerful and more practical. [Prior Art]
按，由於地震對土木構造之損害主要起因於劇烈之地 表運動經由構造之基礎傳遞至上層結構，所謂隔震技術即 是在上部結構與基礎間安置特殊之隔震支承，以減緩地表 運動上傳至結構，如此即可減少上部結構所承受之地震 力，提高其耐震性；而一般常見之隔震支承依其原理之不 同概可分為：滑動支承（sliding bearing)與彈性支承 (elastomeric bearing)等二大類。 其中，該滑動支承類中應用最廣者首推「摩擦單擺支 承（friction pendulum system,簡稱 FPS)」；請參閱第 十二圖所示，該滑動支承（3)—般係由具有固定曲率半徑R 之二維曲盤（31)與一摩擦子（32)所構成，曲盤（31)下與基 ，（33)接合，而摩擦子（32)則用以承載上部結構之自重， 田地震來襲時’摩擦子（32)即在曲盤（31)之曲面上來回滑 動田摩擦子（32)滑離曲盤（31)十心位置時，由於上部結 自重可使支承產生—回歸曲面中心點（最底點）之力 之為回復力’用以減少地震後隔震支承之殘餘位移 在不考慮摩擦的情況下，該滑動支承（3)之摩擦子（32) 率2Ϊ(31)上來回滑動之行為與單擺無異，因&其隔震頻 L、曲面之曲率半徑R有關，而與其上部結構之重量無 5 1273158 關，故只要選疋曲面之曲率半徑便可決定隔震系統之隔震 頻率。再者’為使摩擦子（32)能與曲盤（31)之曲面緊密接 合，以避免應力集中之發生，摩擦子（32)摩擦面之曲率必 須與曲盤（31)之曲率一致。 然而，上述滑動支承雖可達到利用其滑動曲面以提供 支承回復力，而減少震後支承之殘餘位移量及結構永久變 位之預期功效，但於其實際施行使用上卻發現，該滑動支 承因其滑動面曲率半徑固定，故具有特定之隔震頻率，因 此若地表激振頻率與此頻率相近時，極易產生共振現象； 如第十二圖所示，比較採用傳統無隔震之固定基礎（fixed base)與滑動支承隔震時結構之最大加速度與地表激振頻 率之關係圖〔以下稱加速度頻率響應函數（frequency response function)〕’其中橫軸為地表激振頻率，縱軸 為結構最大加速度，其結構自振頻率取為，隔震頻 率取0·4Ηζ’摩擦係數取〇·;ι，由第十三圖中可明顯看出， 該滑動支承隔震結構在結構自振頻率（丨· 67Ηζ)附近雖能 非常有效的抑制結構反應，不過，當激振頻率低於〇· 6 Ηζ 時該滑動隔震結構之反應反而超過無隔震結構，甚至在隔 辰頻率,0· 4Hz附近產生嚴重之共振現象；由此可說明該滑 動支承隔震之減震效果僅在地表激振頻率高於隔震頻率 日τ有效，對低頻之地表運動反而十分不利，易言之，該滑 動支承隔展之減震效果視地震波之頻率内涵而決定，並可 能發生低頻共振之現象，再者，近年有關隔震技術之理論 與實驗研究均顯示，該滑動支承隔震結構在受近斷層震波 作用時減震效果不佳，其主要成因乃是受近斷層震波所特 有之低頻脈衝震波效應所致，此一結果顯示脈衝震波雖屬 6 1273158 暫態反應，其對具有固定頻率之隔震結構仍有類似共振之 現象發生，此點與第十三圖所示之現象一致。 另，由國内之專利資料檢索可知，目前有關該滑動型 隔震支承之研發技術水平方面，可舉以下數例說明： 1. 如第十四圖所示公告第554123號之滑動隔震器，其與 摩擦子底部接觸之曲面為-曲率半徑固定之圓孤面，故 其隔震頻率為定值’易與低頻震波產生共振。 2. 如第十五圖所示公告第34G154號為具有雙滑動曲面之 • 滑動隔震器，㈣於與摩擦子頂部與底部接觸之曲面皆 : 為曲率半㈣定之弧面，故其隔震頻率亦為定值，易盥 低頻震波產生共振。 - 3.如第十六圖所示公Μ 554124號亦為具有雙滑動曲面 之滑動隔震支但於其Μ節式摩擦子之頂部接觸面與 • 底部曲面皆為曲率固定之圓弧面，故其隔震頻率亦為定 值，易與低頻震波產生共振。 4.如第十七圖所示公告第364032號為由上、下二層單向 隔震平台所構成之雙向滚動隔震系統，上層為χ曰向隔 震’下層則為y向隔震。每層皆由四個滾軸所組成，滾 軸可於預設之弧槽中滾動，以達到隔震之目的。前述弧 槽之上、下曲線雖可預製成曲率非固定之弧線，不過， 由於滾軸與弧槽間為線或點接觸，當隔震系統荷重較大 時，易因應力集中造成材料之降伏或破壞。另，由於滾 動摩擦之摩擦係數極小，雖然會有較佳之加速度減震效 果，但易造成支承系統位移過大之問題，故一般均需加 設額外之阻尼H或阻尼元件等，以減少隔震系統之位移 量’因而增加製造成本及複雜性。 7 1273158 5 •如第十八圖所示公告第466292號亦為具有上、下二層 之雙向滾動隔震系統，隔震層係由四個滾輪於預設之滾 槽中所構成，由於滾輪與滾槽間為點接觸，故同樣易因 應力集中造成隔震材料之破壞；且必須另外加設額外之 阻尼元件，以避免支承位移過大之問題。 6·，第十九圖所示公告第482848號為具有滾球之隔震系 統，滾球可於支承板上自由滾動以達到隔震之效果，支 板雖可作成具任意弧形之曲面，不過由於滾球與支承 f間係點接觸，故相同易因應力集中造成隔震材料之破 ，且必須另外加設额外之阻尼元件，以避免支承位移 過大之問題。 【發明内容】 上部^發明之變曲率隔震器，其包含設置於基座上供载 曲率^重里的滑動子滑動之非固定曲率路徑，該非固定 - C平滑曲面，滑動子與曲面之接觸面間設置 時壓性之，展性材料;藉此，以於發生地震 以對上=該非蚊曲率核之平滑曲面上滑動， 震現象：造ΐ生文果’不僅不易與低頻震波產生共 欵性者。且同時亦能提局其之承載力，而可更增其實用功 【實施方式】 含；ί有斤示，本發明之隔震器⑴主要包 造合成鋼^金屬材料、金屬複合材料、人 物；i f……4〕、一個承载上部構造〔如：建 水、一般土木構造物、設借、貯槽、管線設施…… 8 1273158 承座（14)螺孔（143)内上、下調整高度，再以螺帽（162)加 以固定，該半圓形之滑動子（11)則為安置於該支承（16)關 節式之球窩（163)，可於球窩（163)内轉動，該滑動子（11) 與曲面（10)之接觸面間填塞具高抗壓性及低摩擦係數之 延展性材料（12)，並可於非固定曲率半徑之曲面（10)上滑 動’以產生隔震之效果，安置曲面（1〇)之基座（13)可為三 維之曲盤或具一定厚度之二維曲條，若為三維曲盤則該曲According to the earthquake, the damage to the civil structure is mainly caused by the violent surface movement transmitted to the superstructure through the foundation of the structure. The so-called isolation technology is to install a special isolation support between the superstructure and the foundation to slow down the surface movement and upload it to The structure can reduce the seismic force of the superstructure and improve its seismic resistance. However, the common seismic isolation bearings can be divided into sliding bearing and elastic bearing (elsatomeric bearing) according to their different principles. Two major categories. Among them, the most widely used one of the sliding support type is the "friction pendulum system (FPS)"; as shown in the twelfth figure, the sliding support (3) generally has a fixed curvature. The two-dimensional curved disk (31) of radius R is composed of a friction piece (32), the lower part of the curved disk (31) is engaged with the base (33), and the friction piece (32) is used for carrying the weight of the upper structure. When the earthquake strikes, the friction (32) slides back and forth on the curved surface of the curved disk (31). When the frictional blade (32) slides away from the ten-center position of the curved disk (31), the support can be generated due to the weight of the upper knot. The force at the center point (bottom point) of the surface is the restoring force' to reduce the residual displacement of the seismic isolation support after the earthquake. The friction (32) rate of the sliding bearing (3) is 2Ϊ (31). The behavior of sliding back and forth is the same as that of a single pendulum, because the vibration frequency L and the curvature radius R of the surface are related to each other, and the weight of the upper structure is not 5 1273158, so the radius of curvature of the surface can be determined. The isolation frequency of the isolation system. Further, in order to make the friction member (32) tightly engage with the curved surface of the curved disc (31) to avoid stress concentration, the curvature of the friction surface of the friction member (32) must coincide with the curvature of the curved disc (31). However, the above-mentioned sliding support can achieve the intended restoring force by using the sliding curved surface to provide the supporting restoring force, and reduce the residual displacement of the post-earthing support and the permanent displacement of the structure. However, it is found in the actual implementation of the sliding bearing. The sliding surface has a fixed radius of curvature and therefore has a specific isolation frequency. Therefore, if the excitation frequency of the surface is close to this frequency, resonance phenomenon is easily generated. As shown in Fig. 12, the conventional fixed base without isolation is used. (fixed base) and the relationship between the maximum acceleration of the structure and the surface excitation frequency when the sliding support is isolated (hereinafter referred to as the "frequency response function"] where the horizontal axis is the surface excitation frequency and the vertical axis is the largest structure. Acceleration, the structure self-vibration frequency is taken as, the isolation frequency is taken as 0·4Ηζ' friction coefficient is taken as ;·; ι, as can be clearly seen from the thirteenth figure, the sliding support structure is at the natural vibration frequency of the structure (丨· 67Ηζ) Although it is very effective in suppressing structural reactions, when the excitation frequency is lower than 〇·6 Ηζ, the reaction of the sliding isolation structure is super Without isolation structure, even at the interval frequency, a serious resonance phenomenon occurs near 0. 4Hz; this shows that the shock absorption effect of the sliding support isolation is only effective when the surface excitation frequency is higher than the isolation frequency day τ. It is very unfavorable for the low-frequency surface movement. It is easy to say that the damping effect of the sliding support is determined by the frequency connotation of the seismic wave, and the phenomenon of low-frequency resonance may occur. Furthermore, the theory and experiment of the isolation technology in recent years The research shows that the shock-absorbing structure of the sliding support is not effective when it is subjected to the near-seismic seismic wave. The main cause is the low-frequency pulse shock wave effect unique to the near-fault seismic wave. This result shows that the pulse shock wave belongs to 6 1273158 Transient reaction, which still has a similar resonance phenomenon for a seismic isolation structure with a fixed frequency, which is consistent with the phenomenon shown in Figure 13. In addition, the domestic patent data search shows that the current research and development technical level of the sliding type isolation support can be exemplified by the following examples: 1. The sliding shock absorber of No. 554123 is published as shown in Figure 14. The curved surface in contact with the bottom of the friction is a circular orphan with a fixed radius of curvature, so the isolation frequency is a constant value of 'resonance with the low frequency shock wave. 2. As shown in Figure 15, the 34G154 is a sliding isolators with double sliding surfaces. (4) The curved surfaces that contact the top and bottom of the friction are: The curved surface is half (four), so the vibration is isolated. The frequency is also constant, and the low frequency shock wave is easy to resonate. - 3. As shown in Figure 16, the No. 554124 is also a sliding isolation bearing with a double sliding surface, but the top contact surface of the Μ 摩擦 friction and the bottom surface are fixed arcs of curvature. Therefore, the isolation frequency is also a fixed value, which is easy to resonate with the low frequency shock wave. 4. As shown in Figure 17, Announcement No. 364032 is a two-way rolling isolation system consisting of two layers of one-way isolation platforms. The upper layer is χ曰 隔 isolation and the lower layer is y-direction isolation. . Each layer consists of four rollers, and the roller can be rolled in a preset arc groove for vibration isolation. Although the upper and lower curves of the arc groove can be pre-formed into arcs with non-fixed curvature, however, since the roller and the arc groove are in line or point contact, when the load of the isolation system is large, the material is easily caused by stress concentration. Falling or destroying. In addition, since the friction coefficient of the rolling friction is extremely small, although there is a better acceleration damping effect, it is easy to cause the displacement of the supporting system to be too large, so it is generally necessary to add an additional damping H or a damping element to reduce the isolation system. The amount of displacement' thus increases manufacturing costs and complexity. 7 1273158 5 • As shown in Figure 18, Announcement No. 466292 is also a two-way rolling isolation system with upper and lower layers. The isolation layer consists of four rollers in the preset rolling groove. It is in point contact with the rolling groove, so it is also easy to damage the seismic isolation material due to stress concentration; and additional damping elements must be added to avoid the problem of excessive bearing displacement. 6·, Announcement No. 482848 shown in the nineteenth figure is a vibration isolation system with a ball, the ball can be freely rolled on the support plate to achieve the effect of isolation, although the support plate can be made into a curved surface with any arc shape. However, due to the contact between the ball and the support f, the same is easy to break due to stress concentration, and additional damping elements must be added to avoid the problem of excessive bearing displacement. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The upper surface of the invention is a variable curvature isolator comprising a non-fixed curvature path disposed on a susceptor for sliding sliding of a load, the non-fixed-C smooth surface, the contact surface of the slider and the curved surface During the setting of the pressure, the malleable material; thereby, in order to occur in the earthquake, the upper surface of the non-mosquito curvature core slides on the smooth surface, the phenomenon of the earthquake: the creation of the fruit is not easy to produce symmetry with the low frequency shock wave By. At the same time, it can also improve its carrying capacity, but it can increase its practical work. [Implementation] Contains; ί has indicated that the isolators (1) of the present invention mainly comprise synthetic steel, metal materials, metal composite materials, and characters; If...4], a load-bearing superstructure (such as: water, general civil structures, borrowing, storage tanks, pipeline facilities... 8 1273158 socket (14) screw holes (143) up and down to adjust the height, and then The nut (162) is fixed, and the semicircular slider (11) is disposed on the support (16) articulated ball socket (163), and is rotatable in the ball socket (163), the slider (11) Between the contact surface of the curved surface (10), a ductile material with high compression resistance and low friction coefficient (12) is slid and can be slid on the curved surface (10) of the non-fixed radius of curvature to generate an isolation. The pedestal (13) of the surface (1 〇) can be a three-dimensional curved disc or a two-dimensional curved strip with a certain thickness, and if it is a three-dimensional curved disc, the koji
面可為雙變數之數學函數或為對稱於中心軸線之軸心對 稱型曲面。 π勒于興延展性材料（12)間之結合方式， f可為相互直接#人〔如第五圖示〕；或於滑動子⑴）中 =置-個剪力釘(m)〔如第六圖所❹可用以增加延 缺該滑動子⑴胞多個剪力 -圍東产。二七〕’亦或於該滑動子⑴)外圍設置 圍束％(113)，該圍束環 滑動「如筮X岡娇)於滑動子（11)周邊上下 /月動〔如弟八圖所不〕，以圍束延展 延展性材料（12)之抗壓性與抗剪力。才枓（12) 了曰加 如此一來，請參閱第九圖 用滑動隔震支承結構之加速度較本發明與採用習 地表激振頻率，縱軸為結構最^ ^函數’其中橫抽為 振頻率取為U7HZ，㈣隔震大/；速度，其中，該結構自 摩擦係數取（M，由該第九圖^之隔^頻率\G.4HZ， 像習用隔震支承般，在特定顯看出，本發明並不 亦即本發明可避免低料振 率下具有-共振頻率， 則與習用支承一樣優良；另；而在高娜之減震效果 用習用滑動隔鼓料構麵^ = _本發明與^ ^ 具低頻脈衝之近斷層震 11 1273158 波作用時之加速度歷時圖， 震效果遠優於習用之支承。 由該第十圖中可知本發明之減The face can be a mathematical function of a double variable or an axis-symmetric surface that is symmetric to the central axis. π 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒 勒The six maps can be used to increase the lack of the sliding force of the slider (1). [27] 'Also set the bundle %(113) on the periphery of the slider (1). The bundle ring slides "such as 筮XGangjiao" on the periphery of the slider (11). No, the pressure resistance and shear resistance of the ductile material (12) are extended by the bundle. (枓) (12) In addition, please refer to the ninth diagram for the acceleration of the sliding isolation support structure. And using the excitation frequency of the shoal table, the vertical axis is the structure of the most ^ ^ function 'where the horizontal pumping frequency is taken as U7HZ, (4) isolating large /; speed, wherein the structure self-friction coefficient is taken (M, by the ninth Fig. 2 is separated from the frequency \G.4HZ, like the conventional isolation support. It is obvious that the present invention does not mean that the present invention can avoid the resonance frequency at a low material vibration rate, and is as excellent as the conventional support. ;;;; In the shock absorption effect of Gao Na, the sliding surface of the sliding drum is used. ^ = _ The invention has an acceleration duration diagram with the low-frequency pulse near-fault 11 11273158. The seismic effect is much better than the conventional one. Supported by the tenth figure, the invention is reduced
又，本^月業已經過實驗驗證，第十一圖示為 =件往復錢中所得之力與位移關係（消能遲滞迴 貫祕與理域之啸，錢Μ㈣n之㈣量；縱軸 為隔震器所受之橫㈣力1十-圖⑹理論值t之回復 力部份係採用上述公式⑵計算之結果，由第十一圖可知 實驗與理論值十分契合，證實切明之技術確實可行。 藉由以上所述’本發明之元件組合與使用實施說明可 知，本發明與習用相較之下’確具有下列優點： 1·其恢復減熱震鮮續著支承㈣㈣改變，並益 固定之隔震頻率’不易與低錢震波產生共振現象；易; 之，在不同位移及不同震波強度時具有不同之隔震頻 率’故可應用於具有不同主震頻率内涵之震波中，避免 與震波發生共振現象。 2·滑動面非m多個點接觸’可避免垂直壓應力過度 集中’致使局部材料提早產生降伏或破壞，故可提高支 承承載力。 綜上所述，本發明實施例確能達到所義之使用功 效，又其所揭露之具體構造’不僅未曾見諸於同類產品 中’亦未曾公㈣^讀’誠已完全符合糊法之規定與 要求，爰依法提出發料利之中請，懇請奸審查，並賜 准專利’則實感德便。 12In addition, this ^ month has been experimentally verified, the eleventh illustration is the force and displacement relationship obtained in the reciprocating money (the energy dissipation hysteresis and the whistle of the domain, the money Μ (four) n (four) amount; the vertical axis is The transverse (four) force of the isolator is 10 - Fig. (6) The restoring force of the theoretical value t is calculated by the above formula (2). From the eleventh figure, the experiment is in good agreement with the theoretical value, confirming that the proven technique is feasible. It can be seen from the above description of the combination of components and the use of the present invention that the present invention has the following advantages as compared with the conventional use: 1. The recovery of the heat-reducing and the stimuli continues to support (4) (4) the change, and the benefit is fixed. The isolation frequency 'is not easy to resonate with the low-frequency seismic wave; easy; it has different isolation frequencies in different displacements and different seismic intensity', so it can be applied to seismic waves with different main shock frequency connotations to avoid earthquakes Resonance phenomenon 2. The sliding surface is not more than m point contact 'can avoid excessive concentration of vertical compressive stress', so that the local material will be delayed or destroyed early, so the bearing capacity can be improved. In summary, the present invention is implemented It can indeed achieve the use effect of the righteousness, and the specific structure revealed by it is not only not seen in the same kind of products, nor has it been read by the public (four) ^ read 'cheng has fully complied with the provisions and requirements of the paste law, and is proposed according to law. Please, please sneak a review and grant a patent, 'I feel really good. 12