1272261 玫、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種製造陶瓷工件及陶金 彳千的方法，特 別是指以層狀加工之方式，製作3D陶f好斯丁从 J尤材貝工件以及3D陶 金材質工件之一種製造陶瓷工件及陶金工件的方法。 【先前技術】 工不易且又不導 工，另一方面以1272261 玫,发明说明: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a ceramic workpiece and a pottery, and particularly to a method of laminating a 3D pottery from a J. A method for manufacturing ceramic workpieces and pottery workpieces from shell workpieces and 3D pottery materials. [Prior Art] Workers are not easy and do not work, on the other hand
一般的陶瓷材料硬度很高，不但切削加 故不易利用放電加工之方式來作去除加 銲接或機械來連接陶究材料也均不容易，故大多採用粉末冶 金的方式來製造。然而 工業用精密陶瓷之粉末冶金製造， 必須先製作-金屬模具以壓製生胚，再經高溫爐燒結才完 成，不但複雜的產品不易製作，且件數太少時其製作單價相 當昂貴。藉由快速原型技術製作工件時不需模具，可以製作 複雜的陶瓷產品，降低陶瓷原型之生產成本，促進陶瓷材料 的應用’提高產業之競爭力，現有的快速原型技術可分為五 大類： 1·以糸外線掃描液態樹脂使之產生聚合而固化。此技術The general ceramic material has a high hardness, and it is not easy to use the electric discharge machining method to remove the welding or the mechanical connection to the ceramic material, so it is mostly manufactured by powder metallurgy. However, in the powder metallurgy manufacturing of industrial precision ceramics, it is necessary to first produce a metal mold to suppress the green embryos, and then complete the sintering in a high temperature furnace. Not only is the complicated product difficult to manufacture, but the production price is too expensive when the number of pieces is too small. By using rapid prototyping technology to produce workpieces without the need for molds, complex ceramic products can be produced, the production cost of ceramic prototypes can be reduced, and the application of ceramic materials can be promoted to improve the competitiveness of the industry. The existing rapid prototyping technologies can be divided into five categories: • The liquid resin is scanned by an external line to cause polymerization to cure. This technology
、 〗nc•之立體顯像法（Stereo Lithography 簡稱 SL)(US, 〗 Stereo Lithography (SL) (US
Patent Number : 4,565,330)為代表。美國密希根大學〇f M1Chlgan)Brady教授使用陶竟樹脂（陶瓷粉末與感光樹脂之混合 物）為工件材料，以UY光線照射陶瓷樹脂，使液態樹脂鍵結 固化。而黏結陶瓷粉末，形成陶瓷生坯，可以習用陶瓷熱加 1272261 工技術去黏劑並且緻密化。 2. 以雷射燒結粉末材料，此技術可以德克薩斯-奥斯汀大 學 DEKARD 先生在 1986 年發明（U.S. Patent Number 4,863,538 9/1989 Deckard)之選擇性雷射燒結法（Selective Laser Sintering，簡稱 SLS) 為代表。且由DTM公司商品化，可以應用於各種不同材料， 做出快速原型產品。只要是粉末狀的材料，皆可能利用此製 法成三次元的工件。現階段以粉末選擇燒結（SLS)法製作陶瓷 工件係以陶瓷粉末被覆樹脂，再以雷射照射樹脂，樹脂熔解 後黏結陶瓷粉末成為生坯，再以傳統技術燒結成陶瓷工件， 如美國德州-奥斯汀大學（University of Texas at Austin)使用氧化銘 及高分子結合成粒，利用SLS法製成生坯，再以燒結處理製 成陶瓷工件。 3. 加熱使線狀材料熔解，後擠壓成形，此法可以Stratasys Inc.之溶解積層製模法(Fused Deposition Modelling簡稱FDM)為代 表。美國 Center for Ceramic Research，Rutgers University 之 Agarwala 教 授以陶瓷粉末混合有機黏劑製成細線，然後以FDM系統製成 陶瓷生坯，可再施以燒結後處理製造陶瓷工件。 4. 喷黏劑連結粉末材料，此法可以美國麻省理工學院 (MIT)之三次元印製法（Three Dimensional Printing 簡稱 3DP)(U.S. Patent Number 5,204,055 4/1993 Sachs et al.)為代表。此法利用喷墨技 術將黏劑選擇性的喷於粉末材料上而將之連結。首先舖一薄 1272261 層粉末，以喷墨頭將液狀黏結劑噴到粉末表面，將粉末連级 成一薄層剖面，此面下降後，再舖—層粉末，重覆:述動^ 直到實體工件完成，要做成陶究工件使用陶竟粉末為材料， 以黏結劑連結而製作陶究生链，再施以燒結即 件。 亢 5.以雷射切割薄層固態材料，並以黏劑黏結之，此法以 美國動R〇刪CS公司發明的層狀物體製造㈣i輸d〇bject ManUf_nngWS Pattem Numbef 4’652 352 吻㈣’簡稱⑽為代 表。將薄膜材料切成適當形狀，每層之間利用黏劑連結並互 相堆疊成形’此法之每層材料内之材料粒子已 層材料均事編，似、⑷刪來製作。Κ1_2 教棱做陶£時，先以粉末及高分子黏劑混合製成薄板，將薄 板材料以雷射切成適當形狀，每層之間利用黏劑連結並互相 堆疊成生链，這些Μ必須再施以燒結後處理以成為陶究燒 結成品。 上述五種製程多為以有機黏結劑連結陶莞粉末，雖不需 模具可製出複雜生述，但要獲致陶竟成品必須進行後段燒 且於去除枯劑時會產生污染，及產品上之孔洞也會增 多’可見上述習用方式仍有諸多缺失，實非一良善之設計 者’亟待加以改良。 本發明發明人創作陶曼高能量束溶解法（us Patent 1272261 、, 16)其I &為.首先利用無卿劑與陶t粉末加水混 半成水料’將调配好的漿料經由饋料設備鋪上一層浆料薄 層：以加熱器加熱乾燥成生坏後，利用高能量束立即選擇性 地知描生坏，直接熔結為陶究。如此反覆動作完成π工件， 再將未經高能量束熔結之生坏部分崩解後，取出陶究工件， 务可稱為陶莞同施量束溶解法。可在快速原型機上直接做 出陶曼材質的工件’不需要做後段燒結。如此，可避免去除 有機物夺k成的污’並郎省後處理時間。但依陶竞高能量束 熔解法工作溫度要在陶究的溶點以上例如氧化石夕溶點在 c材料必須吸收相當多的能量才能達到溶點以上的工 又如此使用的兩能量束功率必須要高，掃描速率不 忐太快。另外’陶瓷高能量束熔解法所製出的陶瓷工件是脆 性的’所以為了消除耗能太高的缺點，並減低陶瓷工件的脆 性，故創作此發明。 本案發明人經多年甚乂、A :既、rTT A / 夕牛古〜孤相潛心研究後，終於成功研發 完成本件一種製造陶瓷工件及陶金工件的方法。 【發明内容】 本毛明之目的即在於提供以層狀加工製作π陶曼材質 工件以及3 D陶金材質工株的古、土 . 何貝工件的方法，於製作工件時不需模具 且工件形狀幾乎無限制，藉由此製作方式，將可快速製作， 有效提升生產量並大幅降低生產成本。 1272261 本發明為可達成上述目的之—種製造陶究工件及陶金工 件的方法，為了能消除陶瓷高能量束熔結法耗能過高之缺 點，故本發明中之製造陶h件的方法提供_種可於較低溫 度下製作工件之製程，稱為陶瓷高能量束燒結法。 本法與陶竟高能量束炫解法有相同的製程步驟，製程步 驟如下： (1) ·備製原料； (2) .製造生迷薄層； (3) ·高能量束掃描生坯燒結成陶瓷成品； (4) ·去除未燒結之生迷。 上述為四個主要的步驟，但兩者在步驟三高能量束掃描 生链燒結成陶曼成品時的卫作溫度不同。該陶兗 結法的工作溫度為料巾具最高㈣的陶聽末溶點以上 的溫度’所以生迷中所有的原料成分均炫解而使掃描過的區 域互相連結。本發明的工作溫度在具最高溶點的陶聽末的 熔點以下的溫度，其特徵為至少有一種粉末在燒結過程中維 持在固體的狀態。 本創作係將陶聽末與無機黏劑、稀釋劑混合，_成 漿料，舖成厚度極薄之漿料薄層，經加熱乾燥， 瓷顆粒藉著無機黏劑之膠合作用互相冑、结，產生強度成為生 & °此生μ高能量束快速掃描在具最高㈣的陶聽末溶 1272261 點以下的溫度產生連結效應，可製出極薄的燒結薄層。此燒 結薄層與生坯有不同的性質，可以利用適當的方法將兩者分 離，例如：浸水或浸入氫氧化鈉水溶液。未經雷射掃描的生 堪部分即為良好的固體支撐，如此反覆動作完成3d工件， 再將工件置於溶解劑中令未經雷射掃描之生迷部分崩解，則 留下所要的三次元陶瓷成品。 上述在具最高熔點的陶瓷粉末熔點以下的溫度產生連結 的效應可以分為兩種，第一種叫液態燒結，另一種叫化學反 應連結，詳細解說如下： 1 ·陶兗南月b里束液悲燒結法（Ceramic high energy beam liquid sintering) ·其原料包含一種以上的陶瓷粉末以及會產生水合膠 化連結作用的無機黏劑，加入稀釋劑（例如：水）混拌而成漿 料。將凋配好的漿料經由饋料箱在工作台上鋪一層漿料，以 加熱器加熱（到15(rc左右）乾燥成為生坯，此生坯對某些溶解 劑具有良好的溶解性。再以高能量束選擇性地掃描生坯，至 少一種尚熔點陶瓷粉末保持固態，將無機黏劑或至少一種低 熔點陶瓷粉末熔解，熔解的液態材料與固態的高熔點陶瓷材 料反應形成複合相而互相連結，在冷卻凝固後成為一體，其 性質為不溶於溶解劑。 陶曼南月b里束化學反應連結法（Ceramic high energy beam chemical reaction):其係利用適當的無機黏結劑（如磷酸鋁）與陶 1272261 竟粉末加稀釋劑混拌而成漿料，將調配好的漿料經由饋料箱 在乍口上鋪層襞料，以加熱器加熱（到靴左右)乾燥成 為生述’此生链對某些溶解劑具有良好的溶解性。再以一高 能量束選擇性地掃描生这，使其升溫到適當溫度（赋以 上)，致使無機黏劑與陶竟粉末產生化學反應，連結陶甍粉 末，經化學反應形成的化合物不溶於溶解劑。 另卜本么明為了降低陶究高能量束溶解法製作出來的 工件的脆性，故研發出-種於料粉末中混人金屬粉末，即 可降低卫件之脆性，稱為陶金高能量束燒熔法，其為本發明 中製造3D陶金材質工件的製程方法。 本法與陶竟高能量束熔解法有相同的製程步驟，製程步 驟如下： (1) ·備製原料； (2) ·製造生链薄層；Patent Number : 4,565,330) is representative. Prof. Brady, University of Michigan, 使用f M1Chlgan, used ceramic resin (a mixture of ceramic powder and photosensitive resin) as the workpiece material, and irradiated the ceramic resin with UY light to bond the liquid resin. The ceramic powder is bonded to form a ceramic green body, and the ceramic heat can be used to remove the adhesive and densify. 2. Laser sintered powder material, this technology can be invented in 1986 by the University of Texas-Austin University, DEKARD (US Patent Number 4,863,538 9/1989 Deckard) Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) to represent. It is commercialized by DTM and can be applied to a variety of different materials to make rapid prototyping products. As long as it is a powdery material, it is possible to use this method to form a three-dimensional workpiece. At this stage, the ceramic workpiece is made by powder selective sintering (SLS) method. The ceramic powder is coated with resin, and then the resin is irradiated with laser. After the resin is melted, the ceramic powder is bonded into a green body, and then sintered into a ceramic workpiece by a conventional technique, such as Texas, USA. The University of Texas at Austin uses oxidized ingots and polymers to form granules, which are made into green by SLS and then sintered to form ceramic workpieces. 3. Heating causes the linear material to melt and then extrusion. This method can be represented by Strassys Inc.'s Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). Agarwala, a professor at Rutgers University in Center for Ceramic Research in the United States, uses a ceramic powder mixed organic binder to make thin wires, and then uses a FDM system to make ceramic green bodies, which can be post-sintered to make ceramic workpieces. 4. The spray bonding agent is a powder material. This method is represented by the Three Dimensional Printing (3DP) (U.S. Patent Number 5, 204, 055 4/1993 Sachs et al.) of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). This method utilizes ink jet technology to selectively bond the adhesive onto the powder material to join it. First, a thin layer of 1272261 powder is sprayed, and the liquid adhesive is sprayed onto the surface of the powder by an inkjet head, and the powder is cascaded into a thin layer profile. After the surface is lowered, the powder is layered, and the powder is repeated: When the workpiece is finished, it is necessary to make the ceramic workpiece using the ceramic powder as the material, and to make the ceramic chain with the bonding agent, and then apply the sintering instant.亢 5. Laser-cut thin layer of solid material and bond it with adhesive. This method is made by the layered object invented by CS in the United States. (4) i lose d〇bject ManUf_nngWS Pattem Numbef 4'652 352 kiss (four)' The abbreviation (10) is representative. The film material is cut into an appropriate shape, and each layer is joined by an adhesive and stacked on each other. The material particles in each layer of the material of the method are processed, and (4) are deleted. Κ1_2 When teaching ribs to make pottery, first make a thin plate made of powder and polymer adhesive, and cut the thin plate material into a proper shape by laser. Each layer is bonded by adhesive and stacked on each other to form a chain. Then, post-sintering treatment is applied to become a ceramic finished product. Most of the above five processes are based on the organic binder to connect the pottery powder. Although it is not necessary to make a complex description of the mold, it is necessary to obtain the ceramics in the back stage and to cause pollution when removing the scum, and on the product. There will be more holes in the hole. 'There are still many shortcomings in the above-mentioned methods of use. It is not a good designer' and needs to be improved. The inventor of the present invention creates a Tauman high-energy beam dissolving method (us Patent 1272261, 16) whose I & firstly utilizes a non-brown agent and a pottery t powder to mix water with a semi-formed water material' The material equipment is covered with a thin layer of slurry: after heating and drying by a heater, the high-energy beam is immediately used to selectively describe the defects, and directly sinter into ceramics. After repeating the action to complete the π workpiece, and then disintegrating the raw part without the high energy beam fusion, the ceramic workpiece is taken out, which can be called the pottery and the same amount of the beam dissolving method. The workpieces of the Tauman material can be directly fabricated on the rapid prototyping machine. In this way, it is possible to avoid the removal of organic matter and the post-processing time. However, according to Tao Jing high energy beam melting method, the working temperature should be above the melting point of the ceramics, such as oxidized stone, the melting point of the material must absorb a considerable amount of energy in order to reach the melting point and the two energy beam powers must be used. To be high, the scan rate is not too fast. Further, the ceramic workpiece produced by the ceramic high-energy beam melting method is brittle. Therefore, in order to eliminate the disadvantage of excessively high energy consumption and to reduce the brittleness of the ceramic workpiece, the invention was created. After many years of research, A: both, rTT A / Xi Niu Gu ~ isolated, the inventor finally succeeded in research and development of a method for manufacturing ceramic workpieces and pottery gold workpieces. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a π-Taoman material workpiece and a 3D pottery material workpiece in a layered process, which does not require a mold and a workpiece shape when the workpiece is produced. There is almost no limit, and by this method, it can be quickly produced, effectively increase production and greatly reduce production costs. 1272261 The present invention is a method for manufacturing a ceramic workpiece and a pottery gold workpiece which can achieve the above object, and the method for manufacturing the ceramic material in the invention is capable of eliminating the disadvantage of excessive energy consumption of the ceramic high energy beam fusion method. A process for producing a workpiece at a lower temperature is provided, which is called a ceramic high energy beam sintering method. This method has the same process steps as the Tao Jing high energy beam dazzle method. The process steps are as follows: (1) · Preparing raw materials; (2) Manufacturing thin layers; (3) · High energy beam scanning green body sintering Finished ceramics; (4) · Remove unsintered fans. The above are the four main steps, but the temperature of the two is different in the third step when the high energy beam scanning chain is sintered into a Taman product. The working temperature of the pottery method is that the towel has the highest temperature above the melting point of the pottery at the end of the pottery. Therefore, all the raw materials in the fascination are dazzled and the scanned areas are connected to each other. The operating temperature of the present invention is at a temperature below the melting point of the ceramsite having the highest melting point, and is characterized in that at least one of the powders is maintained in a solid state during the sintering process. This creation department mixes the end of the pottery with the inorganic adhesive and thinner, _ into a slurry, and lays it into a thin layer of a very thin slurry. After heating and drying, the porcelain granules are bonded to each other by the bonding of inorganic adhesives. The intensity of the resulting high-energy beam is rapidly scanned at a temperature below the highest (4) cerebral spectroscopy, which produces a very thin sintered layer. This sintered layer has different properties from the green body and can be separated by a suitable method such as immersion in water or immersion in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. The raw part without laser scanning is a good solid support, so that the 3d workpiece is completed in the same way, and then the workpiece is placed in the solvent to make the undisapped part of the laser scan disintegrate, leaving the required three times. Yuan ceramic finished product. The effect of the above-mentioned temperature at the temperature below the melting point of the ceramic powder having the highest melting point can be divided into two types. The first one is called liquid sintering, and the other is called chemical reaction. The detailed explanation is as follows: 1 · Taoyu Nanyue b liquid Ceramic high energy beam liquid sintering. The raw material contains more than one kind of ceramic powder and an inorganic binder which will produce a hydration gelation linkage, and a diluent (for example, water) is mixed to form a slurry. The withered slurry is spread on the workbench through a feed box and heated by a heater (to about 15 (circle rc) to dry into a green body, which has good solubility for some dissolved agents. The green body is selectively scanned with a high energy beam, at least one ceramic powder that remains molten remains solid, and the inorganic binder or at least one low melting point ceramic powder is melted, and the molten liquid material reacts with the solid high melting point ceramic material to form a composite phase and mutual The joint is integrated into a solid after cooling and solidification. Its nature is insoluble in the solvent. Ceramic high energy beam chemical reaction: it uses a suitable inorganic binder (such as aluminum phosphate) and ceramics. 1272261 The powder is mixed with the diluent to form a slurry. The prepared slurry is layered on the cornice through the feeding box, and heated by the heater (to the left and right sides of the boot) to become a living. The dissolving agent has good solubility. The high-energy beam is selectively scanned to heat it to a suitable temperature (above), resulting in an inorganic binder and a ceramic powder. The chemical reaction, the connection of the ceramic powder, the compound formed by the chemical reaction is insoluble in the dissolving agent. In addition, in order to reduce the brittleness of the workpiece produced by the high energy beam dissolving method, the research and development of the material is in the powder. Mixing metal powder can reduce the brittleness of the guard, which is called Taojin high energy beam melting method, which is the manufacturing method of manufacturing 3D pottery gold workpiece in the invention. This method and Tao Jing high energy beam melting method have The same process steps, the process steps are as follows: (1) · Preparation of raw materials; (2) · Manufacturing thin layer of raw chain;
(3) ·高能量束掃描生坯燒結成產品： (4) ·去除未燒結之生坯。 上述為四個主要的步驟’但在步驟—備製原料時增加金 屬粉末，使其與陶聽末與無機黏劑、稀釋劑混合，授拌成 漿料；在步驟三高能量束掃描生枉燒結成產品時的工作溫声 可與㈣高能量束㈣法相同，亦即在原料中具最高溶㈣ 粉末熔點以上的溫度，也可以與㈣高能量束燒結法相同， 11 1272261 亦即在原料中具最而熔點的粉末熔點以下的溫度。 本創作係將金屬粉末、陶聽末與無義劑、稀釋劑混 口攪拌成水料，舖成厚度極薄之漿料層，加熱乾燥，漿料 中之金屬卷末、陶莞粉末藉著無機黏劑之膠合作用互相連 、、、口，產生強度，成為生坯。此生坯以高能量束快速掃描在適 當的工作溫度產生連結效應，可製出極薄的連結薄層。此連 結薄層與生②有不同的性f ’可以利用適當的方法將兩者分 離，例如浸水或浸入氫氧化鈉水溶液。未經雷射掃描的生坯 邛刀即為良好的固體支撐，如此反覆動作完成3D工件，工 件置於/合解劑中令未經雷射掃描之生坯部分溶解，則留下所 要的三次元陶瓷成品。 上述在適當的工作溫度產生連結效應可以分為三種，第 一種叫熔結，第二種叫液態燒結，第三種叫化學反應連結陶 金高能量束熔結法，亦即在原料中具最高熔點的陶瓷粉末熔 點以上的溫度，所以生坯中所有的原料成分均熔解，致使掃 描過的區域互相連結，經冷卻凝固後成為一體，其性質為不 溶於溶解劑，詳細解說如下： 1·陶金南能量束液態燒結法：該液態金屬連結係以一高能 置束掃描將低熔點的金屬材料熔解，熔解的金屬材料自己互 相連結形成網狀結構，將高熔點陶瓷材料包覆，凝固後形成 工件的剖面形狀，其性質為不溶於溶解劑。液態陶兗連結以 12 1272261 高能量束掃描將低熔點的陶 充材科炼解，熔解的陶瓷材料自 己互相連結形成網狀結構， ^ 寻呵炫點金屬材料包覆，凝固後 形成工件的剖面形狀，其 1王貝為不溶於溶解劑。 2·陶金高能量束化學反廊士 …連、、、。法：其係以一高能量束選擇 性地掃描生坯，使其升溫到者^ ^ 、田/皿度，無機黏劑與陶瓷粉末 產生化學反應，連社陶咨執 ^ 、、°是叔末，將金屬粉末包覆，化學反應 形成的化合物不溶於溶解劑。 藉由上述製作陶竟工件及陶金工件之方法，製作工件時 不需模具且工件形狀幾乎無限制，將可大幅降低製作陶兗原 型所需之成本’達到快速製作3D陶竟材質工件以及犯陶金 材質工件之目的。 【實施方式】 請參閱圖—所示，本發明所提供之-種製造陶£工件及 陶金#的方法，其製程步驟謹分別以陶兗材料與陶金材料 各舉一例如下： 1·陶瓷兩能量束化學反應連結法：係將原料1(氧化矽、磷 酸鋁與稀釋劑)置於混練機2中以適當比例混合、攪拌〔如圖 一（A)〕；該稀釋劑可為水；將製備完成之漿料3倒人饋料箱4 中，並以饋料箱4將漿料3鋪設於工件5之頂面成為薄層漿 ；"〔如圖（B)〕’然後以紅外線加熱器7施加能量於薄層聚 料6上，使之加熱昇溫至15〇。〇左右〔如圖一（c)〕，乾燥硬化 $成一薄層生远8，此薄層生坯8的水溶性高；第一層生坯 13 1272261 之厚度可較厚，約lmm，隨後的薄層生坯8覆蓋在前一層之 上’厚度應儘可能減少約在100 // m左右，以便做出工件的細 微部份形狀；此後，工件5隨昇降台9下降，下降距離等於 母層燒結薄層剖面之厚度（例如1〇〇# m)〔如圖一（D)〕；以高能 量束10(CO2雷射）照射於薄層生坯8〔如圖一（E)〕，使之受熱 歼溫至250°C以上使表面以下到某一特定深度（例如15〇#叫 的材料產生化學反應，生成物不溶於水；該高能量束1〇之行 進路徑係依欲成形的三次元工件之剖面由電腦程式自動創 造出來的，以控制高能量束10掃描路徑可製出任意形狀之二 人元薄剖面。由於該咼能量束1〇由上向下垂直掃描平面，使 得生坯8表面任何一點均可照射到，任意複雜的物體均無加 工死角的問題；一再重覆步驟B至步驟E之過程即可將三次 疋工件所需的薄層剖面依序堆疊製出〔如圖一⑺〕。最後， 取出含工件5之生坯塊丄i 〔如圖一（G)〕，該去生坯^ 納水溶液）使包覆燒結陶兗 製作的三次元陶瓷工件5 11連同工件5置於去生坯容器12内(3) High-energy beam scanning green body sintered into products: (4) • Remove unsintered green body. The above is the four main steps 'but in the step - when preparing the raw materials, the metal powder is added, mixed with the ceramics and the inorganic binder and diluent, and mixed into a slurry; in step 3, the high energy beam scans the oysters. The working temperature sound when sintered into a product can be the same as (4) high energy beam (four) method, that is, the temperature above the melting point of the highest dissolved (four) powder in the raw material, or the same as (4) high energy beam sintering method, 11 1272261 is also in the raw material. The temperature below the melting point of the most melting powder. This creation series mixes metal powder, pottery terrestrial with non-sense agent and thinner into water, and lays it into a very thin slurry layer, which is heated and dried. The metal powder in the slurry and the pottery powder are used. The adhesive of inorganic adhesives is connected to each other, and the mouth is combined to produce strength and become a green body. This green body is quickly scanned with a high energy beam to create a bonding effect at an appropriate operating temperature, resulting in a very thin bonded layer. This tie layer has a different nature from the raw 2, and can be separated by a suitable method, such as immersion or immersion in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. The green burr without laser scanning is a good solid support, so that the 3D workpiece is completed in reverse, and the workpiece is placed in the disintegrator to partially dissolve the green body without laser scanning, leaving the required three times. Yuan ceramic finished product. The above-mentioned joint effect at a suitable working temperature can be divided into three types, the first one is called sintering, the second is called liquid sintering, and the third is called chemical reaction, which is combined with the high energy beam fusion method of the pottery gold, that is, in the raw material. The highest melting point of the ceramic powder above the melting point of the temperature, so all the raw material components in the green body are melted, so that the scanned areas are connected to each other, solidified after cooling and integrated, the nature of which is insoluble in the solvent, the detailed explanation is as follows: Tao Jinnan energy beam liquid sintering method: the liquid metal bonding system melts a low melting point metal material by a high energy beam scanning, and the molten metal materials themselves are connected to each other to form a network structure, and the high melting point ceramic material is coated and solidified to form a workpiece. The cross-sectional shape is insoluble in the solubility of the solvent. The liquid ceramics are connected by 12 1272261 high-energy beam scanning to refine the low-melting ceramic filling materials. The melted ceramic materials are connected to each other to form a network structure, which is coated with a metal material and solidified to form a cross-sectional shape of the workpiece. Its 1 king shell is insoluble in the solvent. 2. Tao Jin high energy beam chemical anti-language ... even,,,. Method: It selectively scans the green body with a high energy beam to raise the temperature to ^^, Tian/span, and the chemical reaction between the inorganic adhesive and the ceramic powder, even the social pottery counselor ^, ° is uncle Finally, the metal powder is coated, and the compound formed by the chemical reaction is insoluble in the solvent. By the method of making the ceramic workpiece and the ceramic workpiece, the workpiece is produced without the mold and the shape of the workpiece is almost unlimited, which can greatly reduce the cost required for the prototype of the ceramic pottery. The purpose of the pottery material workpiece. [Embodiment] Referring to the drawings, the method for manufacturing the ceramic workpiece and the ceramic gold # is provided by the present invention. The process steps are as follows: ceramic ceramic materials and ceramic gold materials, respectively. Two energy beam chemical reaction joining method: the raw material 1 (cerium oxide, aluminum phosphate and diluent) is placed in the kneading machine 2 and mixed and stirred in an appropriate ratio (as shown in FIG. 1(A)); the diluent may be water; The prepared slurry 3 is poured into the feed box 4, and the slurry 3 is laid on the top surface of the workpiece 5 as a thin layer slurry by the feed box 4; "[Fig. (B)]' then infrared The heater 7 applies energy to the thin layer of polymer 6, which is heated to 15 Torr. 〇 〇 [Fig. 1 (c)], dry hardening $ into a thin layer of raw 8, the thin layer of green 8 has high water solubility; the first layer of green 13 13272261 can be thicker, about 1 mm, followed by The thin layer of green body 8 is overlaid on the previous layer. The thickness should be reduced by as much as about 100 // m to make a subtle partial shape of the workpiece. Thereafter, the workpiece 5 descends with the lifting table 9 and the descending distance is equal to the parent layer. The thickness of the sintered thin layer section (for example, 1 〇〇 #m) [Fig. 1 (D)]; the high-energy beam 10 (CO2 laser) is irradiated onto the thin layer green body 8 [Fig. 1 (E)], so that The temperature of the heated enthalpy is above 250 ° C to make the surface below a certain depth (for example, the material of the 15 〇# chemical reaction, the product is insoluble in water; the path of the high energy beam 1 系 is formed three times The profile of the element workpiece is automatically created by a computer program to control the high-energy beam 10 scanning path to produce a bi-human thin profile of any shape. Since the energy beam 1〇 scans the plane vertically from top to bottom, the green body is made 8 Any point on the surface can be irradiated, and any complex object has no dead angle. Problem; repeatedly repeating the process from step B to step E, the thin layer profiles required for the three workpieces can be sequentially stacked [Fig. 1 (7)]. Finally, the green block containing the workpiece 5 is taken out [ Figure 1 (G)], the de-greening aqueous solution) is used to place the ternary ceramic workpiece 5 11 made of the coated ceramic pot with the workpiece 5 in the green container 12.
的氧化矽陶瓷材料粉末、 斗粉末；係將原料1(例如18〇〇〇c熔點 、熔點1300°C的不鏽鋼粉末與氧化 14 1272261 石夕谬液與稀釋劑）置於混練機2中㈣形成漿料3〔如圖一 (A)〕；該稀釋劑可為水；將製備完成之⑽3倒人饋料箱4 中’並以饋料箱4將漿料3鋪m5之頂面成為薄層裝 料〔如圖（B)〕，然後以紅外線加熱器7照射加熱薄層聚 料6幵皿至約15〇c〔如圖一⑹〕，乾燥硬化成一薄層生达& 此薄層生坯8水溶性合。釐 a ± ^ ^合〖生呵。第一層生坯之厚度可較厚約imm， 隨後的薄層生迷8 P I — & 覆盍在則一層之上，厚度應儘可能減少， 、、勺在100//m左右，以便做出工件的細微部份形狀。此後， 工件5隨昇降台9下降，下降距離等於每層燒結薄層剖面之 厚度〔如圖-(D)〕；以高能量束㈣擇性的掃描㈣分薄層 生堪8〔如圖一⑻〕，使之受熱昇溫至1300。(：以上，使得生 的不鏽鋼泰末炼解，溶解後的金屬材料將互相連結形成 網狀結構，並會將高㈣陶㈣料包覆住，形成不溶於水的 金複口材料讀，而未掃描的薄層生埋8部分作為固態的 支撐。該高能量束1G之行進路徑係依欲成形的三次元工件 1由電腦程式自動創造出來的，以控制高能量束工〇掃 描之路徑’製作出任意形狀之二次元薄剖面。如此，一再重 覆鋪料、乾燥以及掃描過程即可將三次^件所需的薄層剖 面依序堆$製出〔如圖_(F)〕。最後，取出含工件5之生场 ^ U ’連，工件5置於去生链容器12内〔如圖-⑹〕，該 谷器12内之溶解劑13(例如水或氫氧化鈉水溶液）會 15 1272261 將生坯崩解與燒結陶金工 次元陶金工件卩如圏 刀離，即可得到所要製作的三 1干）〔如圖一(H)〕。 本發明所提供之-種製造陶瓷 與其他習用技術相互金工件的方法’ 于具有下列之優點· 本發明提供的製造陶究工…、广· 解法有相同的録步驟， /與^高能量束熔 陶究成品時的能量束掃插生錢結成 度為原料中有…2 “能量纽解法的工作溫 取點的陶究粉末熔點以上的溫度，生达中 有的原料成分均熔解。本發明工 陶究粉、卞'皿度在有最高熔點的 法，H 度，所以可稱為陶竟高能量束燒結 …徵為具最高熔點陶聽末受財轉所以至少有一 種粉末維持在固體的狀態，^作溫度較㈣高能量束溶解 法為低’與陶£高能量束熔解法比較可以❹較低的高能量 =功率或增加高能量束掃描速率，有減少設備成本、減少能 里消耗，有效提高生產速率的效果。 2.本發明提供的製造陶金工件的方法與陶瓷高能量束熔 去不同陶瓷鬲能量束熔解法使用陶瓷粉末以及無機黏結 為原料，所製出的陶瓷工件是脆性的，不適用於受衝擊負 何的場合，本發明製造陶金工件的方法為在陶瓷粉末中混合 、、屬私末製作出陶金材料的產品’具有介於陶究與金屬 之間的性質。 1272261 3.本發明係在於提供製造陶瓷工件及陶金工件的方法， 其另一特徵為以兩種不同的連結機制將材料連結。本發明使 用漿料，乾燥後硬化成為生述，原料中的無機耐火性黏劑膠 連、、、α層陶竟顆粒或金屬顆粒成極薄的，簡單形狀的薄 層生达’再以高能量束加熱連結陶€或金屬生述成為成品的 某一剖面的形狀。因連結機制不同，陶竟或陶金成品的強度 較生述強度高，可以浸水或以水束衝擊將之與生㈣離且 -者之化學性質也不同，陶£或陶金成品比生&較耐化學侵 姓’可以浸氫氧化納或氫氧化鉀水溶液將之與生&分離，不 會留下任何痕跡。於建構工件時生链提供固態支撐，此固態 的支揮可有效的防止工件向下與向上㈣形㈣ 然形成此固態支撐，不必額外执 額外5又计支撐，節省工作時間。該 生述強度可以抵播舖薄層日洋吝 田梅潯盾時產生的力量，不至於因受力而移 動，故可鋪設極薄的切層，使 9 災侍本發明製出工件之精度可較 習知方法為高。 級、// 4.本發明係在於提供製造陶U件及陶金X件的方法， 該製造陶h件及陶金卫件的方法均使用漿料，該漿料為陶 究粉與水的混合物，其中陶t粉的大小可以是„ 級 、及的陶莞細粉就像Stereo Lithography 級，若漿料包含 (SL)的液態材料。故本發 兩曰時不會因粉末顆粒太大而限制 了舖層的厚度的下限，可蚀 出很薄的舖層，減小了疊層的 17 1272261 梯階效應。相反的’現有的Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)製程係使 用乾粉材料’若粉末顆粒大時，約大於30 // m，易於流動舖 平，但當粉末顆粒小時，例如小於20// m，則不易流動、刮 平。因其能處理的顆粒不能太小，故舖料層也不能太薄。待 漿料舖好後，將其加熱乾燥成一硬化的生坯，當此硬化的生 坦上鋪設漿料時，若層厚愈薄則舖料板必須使力愈大，生坯 也受力愈大。本發明製程之生坯強度可以抵擋舖薄層時的力 畺，不至於因受外力而移動，故可鋪設極薄的切層。本發明 的工作方式與Tape casting類似，觀察相關的商用機器其舖層 的厚度可達到5# m以下，故本發明舖層的厚度應可做到5 /z m以下但疋傳統的SLS係在粉末上舖層，|§L則在液體上 舖層，因粉末和液體均不能抵擋較大的舖層力量，有可能造 成下層材料移動，導致破壞工件的後果產生。 5·本發明的硬化生坯對工件懸臂的構造部分除可阻止懸 臂的構造部分向下變形外，還可以拉住懸臂的構造部分，以 阻止其向上變形，所以，本發明的硬化生坯可有效的防止工 件變形。SLS在這-點而言’其粉末支揮只可阻止懸臂的構 造部分向下變形，不能阻止其向上變形。此的液態支撐對向 下或向上的變形均較不能抵檔，故必須特別建構固態的支樓 、防止變开乂。SL以易於施力去除的結構加到工件的懸臂的構 造部分的下方，但增加CAD建檔的複雜性，並且此固態的支 1272261 樓去除時會留下斷裂的痕跡，而且，在複雜工件有時支 常不易去除。SLS的粉末支撑相對於SL的固態支揮不必㈣ 建構支撐結構也較容易去除。本 ^月的支撐部分比SLS更為 理想，是一固態的生坯全面的彡 、 的支撐，不必特別建構支撐社 構，去除的方法㈣樣料可以或氫氧化鈉水溶液溶掉。。 上列詳細說明係針對本發明之兩個可行實施例之具體說 明’惟該兩個實施例並非用以限制本發明之專圍，凡未 脫離本發明技藝精神所為之等效實施或變更均應包含於本 案之專利範圍中。 綜上所述’本案不但在技術思想上確屬創新，並能較習 用製程技術增進上述多項功效，應已充分符合新賴性及進牛 性之法定發明專利要件，爰依法提出巾請，懇_貴局” 本件發明專利申請案，以勵發明，至感德便。 【圖式簡單說明】 請參閱以下有關本發明實施方式之詳細說明及其附圖， 將可進一步瞭解本發明之技術内容及其目的功效；有關該實 施方式之附圖為： 圖-為本發明製造陶竟工件及陶金工件的方法之製作流 程示意圖。 【主要部分代表符號】 1原料 2混練機 1272261 3漿料 4饋料箱 5工件 6薄層漿料 7紅外線加熱器 8薄層生坯 9昇降台 10高能量束 11生坯塊 12去生坯容器 13溶解劑The cerium oxide ceramic material powder or the bucket powder; the raw material 1 (for example, a melting point of 18 〇〇〇c, a stainless steel powder having a melting point of 1300 ° C, and an oxidized 14 1272261 etched liquid and a diluent) are placed in the kneading machine 2 (4). Slurry 3 [Fig. 1 (A)]; the diluent may be water; the prepared (10) 3 inverted human feed box 4 'and the top surface of the slurry 3 paved with the feed box 4 into a thin layer Charge [as shown in Figure (B)], then irradiate the heated thin layer of material 6 幵C to about 15 〇c with the infrared heater 7 (as shown in Figure 1 (6)), dry and harden into a thin layer of raw & The billet 8 is water soluble.厘 a ± ^ ^ 〖生呵. The thickness of the first layer of green body can be thicker than about imm, and the subsequent thin layer of fascination 8 PI - & overlay on the layer, the thickness should be reduced as much as possible, and the spoon is around 100 / / m, in order to do The subtle shape of the workpiece. Thereafter, the workpiece 5 is lowered with the lifting table 9, and the falling distance is equal to the thickness of the cross section of each layer of the sintered layer [Fig.-(D)]; the high energy beam (four) is selectively scanned (four) and the thin layer is 8 (Fig. 1 (8)], heated to 1300 by heat. (: The above, the raw stainless steel is refined, the dissolved metal materials will be connected to each other to form a network structure, and the high (four) pottery (four) material will be covered to form a water-insoluble gold-recovery material to read, and The unscanned thin layer buried part 8 is supported as a solid. The path of the high energy beam 1G is automatically created by a computer program according to the three-dimensional workpiece 1 to be formed to control the path of the high energy beam processing scan. A second-dimensional thin section of arbitrary shape is produced. Thus, the thin layer sections required for the three pieces can be sequentially piled up by repeating the overlaying, drying and scanning processes (as shown in Fig. _(F)]. , the raw field containing the workpiece 5 is taken out, and the workpiece 5 is placed in the de-chain container 12 (Fig. - (6)), and the solvent 13 (such as water or sodium hydroxide solution) in the trough 12 is 15 1272261 Disintegration of the green body and the sinter of the pottery gold metal workpiece, such as a trowel, can be obtained as the three (1) dry) [Fig. 1 (H)]. The invention provides a method for manufacturing a gold workpiece with ceramics and other conventional techniques. The invention has the following advantages: The invention provides the same method for the production of ceramics, the broad solution, the same recording step, and the high energy beam In the case of melting the finished product, the energy beam is inserted into the raw material and the raw material is formed in the raw material. 2 "The temperature of the melting point of the working temperature of the energy filling method is above the melting point of the powder, and the raw material components in the raw material are all melted. The work of the pottery powder, the 卞's degree is the method with the highest melting point, H degree, so it can be called the ceramic high energy beam sintering... the highest melting point is the end of the pottery, so at least one kind of powder is maintained in the solid. The state, the temperature is lower than (4) the high energy beam dissolution method is lower than the high energy beam melting method, which can lower the high energy = power or increase the high energy beam scanning rate, which reduces the equipment cost and reduces the energy consumption. The effect of effectively increasing the production rate. 2. The method for manufacturing a pottery gold workpiece provided by the invention and the ceramic high energy beam melting different ceramics, the energy beam melting method using ceramic powder and inorganic bonding as raw materials, The prepared ceramic workpiece is brittle and is not suitable for the occasion of impact. The method for manufacturing the pottery gold workpiece of the present invention is to mix the ceramic powder, and the product which is made of the pottery material in the private end has a pottery 1272261 3. The present invention is directed to a method of making a ceramic workpiece and a pottery gold workpiece, another feature of which is to join the materials by two different joining mechanisms. The present invention uses a slurry, after drying Hardening becomes a description, the inorganic refractory adhesive glue in the raw material, the α-layer ceramic particles or the metal particles become extremely thin, and the thin layer of the simple shape is produced by heating the high-energy beam to the joint or the metal. The description is the shape of a certain section of the finished product. Due to the different connection mechanism, the strength of the finished product of Tao Jing or Tao Jin is higher than that of the original, and it can be soaked in water or impacted by water beam to separate it from the raw (4). Different, Tao or Tao Jin finished products can be separated from raw & can be separated from raw & solid Support, this solid-state support can effectively prevent the workpiece from forming downward and upward (four) shape (four) to form this solid support, without having to carry extra 5 and support, saving working time. The strength of the statement can be used to offset the thin layer of the sun. The force generated by Putian Meilong Shield does not move due to force, so it is possible to lay a very thin cut layer, so that the precision of the workpiece produced by the invention can be higher than the conventional method. 4. The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a ceramic U piece and a ceramic gold piece, and the method for manufacturing the ceramic piece and the ceramic gold piece uses a slurry which is a mixture of ceramic powder and water, wherein the ceramic powder The size can be „ grade, and the ceramic powder is like the Stereo Lithography grade, if the slurry contains (SL) liquid material. Therefore, the lower limit of the thickness of the layup is not limited by the fact that the powder particles are too large, and a very thin layup can be etched, which reduces the step effect of the laminate of 17 1272261. The opposite 'existing Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) process uses dry powder material'. If the powder particles are large, it is more than 30 // m, which is easy to flow and flatten, but when the powder particles are small, for example, less than 20/m, it is not easy. Flowing, smoothing. Since the particles that can be processed cannot be too small, the paving layer should not be too thin. After the slurry is laid, it is heated and dried to form a hardened green body. When the slurry is laid on the hardened raw salt, if the layer thickness is thinner, the laying plate must be made stronger, and the green body is also stressed. Big. The green strength of the process of the invention can resist the force of the thin layer and is not moved by the external force, so that a very thin cut layer can be laid. The working mode of the invention is similar to that of Tape casting. Observing the relevant commercial machine, the thickness of the layer can be less than 5# m, so the thickness of the layer of the invention should be less than 5 /zm but the conventional SLS is in the powder. The upper layer, |§L is layered on the liquid, because the powder and liquid can not resist the large layering force, which may cause the movement of the lower layer, resulting in the destruction of the workpiece. 5. The hardened green body of the present invention can prevent the structural portion of the cantilever from being deformed downward in addition to the structural portion of the cantilever of the workpiece, and can also pull the structural portion of the cantilever to prevent upward deformation thereof. Therefore, the hardened green body of the present invention can be Effectively prevent deformation of the workpiece. At this point, the SLS's powder shunt only prevents the structural portion of the cantilever from deforming downward and does not prevent it from deforming upward. The liquid support is less resistant to deformation in the downward or upward direction, so it is necessary to specially construct a solid branch to prevent the opening of the concrete. The SL is attached to the underside of the structural portion of the cantilever with a structure that is easy to apply force removal, but increases the complexity of the CAD filing, and the solid 1272261 floor is left with a trail of breakage, and, in complex workpieces Time is often difficult to remove. The solid support of the SLS powder support relative to the SL does not have to be (iv) the construction of the support structure is also easier to remove. The support part of this month is more ideal than SLS. It is a solid green support for a solid body. It is not necessary to construct a support structure. The method of removal (4) can be dissolved in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. . The above detailed description of the two embodiments of the present invention is intended to be illustrative of the invention, and the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It is included in the patent scope of this case. In summary, the case is not only innovative in terms of technical thinking, but also able to enhance the above-mentioned multiple functions compared with the conventional process technology. It should fully comply with the statutory invention patent requirements of new reliance and enthusiasm. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ The effect of the embodiment is as follows: Figure - is a schematic diagram of the production process of the method for manufacturing the ceramic workpiece and the ceramic gold workpiece of the present invention. [Main part representative symbol] 1 raw material 2 kneading machine 1272261 3 slurry 4 Feeding box 5 workpiece 6 thin layer slurry 7 infrared heater 8 thin layer green body 9 lifting table 10 high energy beam 11 green block 12 to green container 13 solvent