1269884 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本申請案聲請美國專利臨時申請序號60/525, 637，以”利用極化偏振 輻射與人工智慧處理程序之物體偵測方法及設備（Object Detection Method and Apparatus Employing Polarized Radiation and Artificial Intelligence Processing)”為名，建播於2003年11月25日者之專利利 益。本申請案同時為美國專利申請序號10/340/016，以，，物體偵測系統之 信號處理(Signal Processing for Object Detection System)，，為名，建 鲁 檔於2003年1月9曰者之後續申請案，其同時為美國專利申請序號 10/060, 641，以”物體摘測糸統之信號處理(Signal Processing for Object Detection System)”為名，建槽於2002年1月29日，而於2004年11月 30曰發佈為美國專利編號6, 825, 456者之後續申請案，其同時為美國專利 申請序號09/318,196 ,以，，物體偵測系統(0bject Detecti〇n、 建於1999年5月25日，而於2002年1月29日發佈為美國專利編號 6, 342,咖者之後續申請案。上述的所有申請案之詳述規格說明包含於此供· 作參考。 <本發明係-種方法及設備其為遠距偵測某—物體的存在，包括但不限 於隱藏的武器例如搶砲或是炸彈。本發明進—步包括了新穎的信號處理方 法及設備以提供高可靠性的物體偵測行動。 【先前技術】 請注意以下之討論提到-些出版刊物及參考文獻。在此對該等 物的討論係為提供該等科學原理之更完替北 凡泵月本，而非為了專利核准目的而 1269884 解釋為將該等出版物發表事項視為過往之技術。 · 在_年4月20日，美國科羅拉多州小頓城哥倫賓高中（c〇lumMne · gh School in Littleton，Colorado)兩名學生以攻擊武器對著同學及老 甲們開火有12名青少年和1位老師被殺害，並有許多其他人受傷。類似 小頓城屠殺的暴力悲解件在當今美配經發生得太頻繁了。聯邦調查局 的報告指出，每年在美國使麟枝武器犯罪財超過二百时萬件搶劫 案、五百六十萬件攻擊人身案，以及165, _件強矣案(請參看美國聯邦有 照搶枝武1_者齡歧的美_減紅業射似鮮_ Industry Journal published by the National Association of Federally Licensed Firearms Dealers))。疾病管制中心荒集的資料顯示__i992 年期間在美財247, 979個”搶傷致死，，的案件域(數據資·手搶暴力預· 防中心彙編）。另外最近這些年來，新的恐怖威經逐漸形成；那就是自 殺炸彈攻擊。由於這些武||的特性使其更加危險更具毁雜，而非常必要 在長距離外就能偵測到它們的存在。 過去為減少使用搶枝武器犯罪引起的威脅而做的努力^^堇僅達成很有限籲 度的成果。在過去二十年裡，各主要機場都已裝設非常昂貴的χ—光設備。 這些機器通常能夠在非常特定的、封_場合下偵測出金屬製的搶枝。這 種型式的設備需制定的安裝方式，佔據很大的空間，操作顧狹小而且 可能要花費數十萬甚至數百萬美金的成本。 當今現貨市場上能取得的隱藏武器綜合偵測器中，沒有任何一種符合 小型、輕巧、可攜帶、容易使用、操作範圍長遠以及高可靠性等條件。像 1269884 這樣裝置的發展將會構成一種革命性的成就，而且將會在執法與保全的領 域方面滿足其長期而感受得到的需求。 本發明的早先型式描述於美國專利編號6,243, 〇36，發佈於2〇〇1年6 月5日，以物體偵測糸統之仏號處理（signai pr〇cessing 〇bjec_^1269884 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present application claims US Patent Provisional Application Serial No. 60/525, 637, entitled "Object Detection Method and Apparatus Using Polarized Polarized Radiation and Artificial Intelligence Processing Procedures" (Object Detection) Method and Apparatus Employing Polarized Radiation and Artificial Intelligence Processing), the name of the patent, was published on November 25, 2003. This application is also a U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 10/340/016, the name of the Signal Processing for Object Detection System, and the name is established on January 9, 2003. The follow-up application, which is also known as the US Patent Application Serial No. 10/060, 641, under the name "Signal Processing for Object Detection System", was built on January 29, 2002. </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; May 25, 2002, and issued on January 29, 2002, is a follow-up application to U.S. Patent No. 6,342, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The present invention is a method and apparatus for remotely detecting the presence of an object, including but not limited to a hidden weapon such as a gun or a bomb. The present invention further includes novel signal processing methods and apparatus to provide Highly reliable object detection [Previous technique] Please note that the following discussion refers to some publications and references. The discussion of such objects here is to provide a more complete replacement of these scientific principles, not for patents. The purpose of the approval is 1269084, which is interpreted as the past technology of the publications. · On April 20th, _, Columbin High School, Littleton, CO, USA (c〇lumMne · gh School in Littleton, Colorado) Two students fired at the attacking weapons against the classmates and the old ones. 12 teenagers and one teacher were killed and many others were injured. The violent grief of the Littleton City massacre happened in the United States today. Frequently, the FBI report pointed out that every year in the United States, Linzhi weapons crimes exceeded 2 million robberies, 5.6 million attacking personal cases, and 165, _ strong cases (see the United States) The United States has a photo of robbing the martial arts 1_ the age of the age of the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ The information on the disease control center's abandonment shows that __i992 years in the US 247, 979 "scrapping death," the case field (data · 抢 暴 violence pre-defense center compilation). In addition, in recent years, new horror The divula is gradually forming; that is suicide bombing. Because of the characteristics of these martial arts, it is more dangerous and confusing, and it is very necessary to detect their existence over long distances. Efforts made by the threat posed by crimes ^^堇 only achieved very limited results. Over the past two decades, major airports have installed very expensive xenon-optical equipment. These machines are usually very specific. In the case of sealing _, the metal grabbing is detected. This type of equipment needs to be installed in a large space, and the operation is small and may cost hundreds of thousands or even millions of dollars. None of the hidden weapon integrated detectors available in the spot market meets the requirements of small size, light weight, portability, ease of use, long operating range and high reliability. 69884 The development of such a device would constitute a revolutionary achievement and would satisfy its long-term and perceived needs in the field of law enforcement and preservation. The earlier version of the invention is described in U.S. Patent No. 6,243, 〇36, published on On June 5, 1st, the nickname of the object detection system (signai pr〇cessing 〇bjec_^
Detection System)”為名者，美國專利編號6, 359, 582，發佈於2002年3 月19日，以” _藏武器之偵測系統（c〇ncealed此叩〇仍Detecti〇n System)”為名者，國際專利申請編號PCT/US97/16944，以，，隱藏武器之偵 測系統(Concealed Weapons Detection System)，，為名，於 1998 年 3 月 26 日頒布為國際發行編號W0 98/12573者，以及國際專利申請編號 PCT/US⑽/14509，以”物體侧系統之信號處理(Signal ρΓ〇__如"Detection System"" is the name, US Patent No. 6, 359, 582, was released on March 19, 2002, with "_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ The name of the international patent application number PCT/US97/16944, in the name of the Concealed Weapons Detection System, was issued on March 26, 1998 as the international issue number W0 98/12573. And the international patent application number PCT/US(10)/14509, with "signal processing of the object side system (Signal ρΓ〇__
Object Detection System)”為名，於2G0G年12月14日頒佈為國際發行 編號W0 00/75892者。這些參考文獻之詳述規袼說明及專利申請範圍包含 於此供作參考。 【發明内容】 本發明係糊定某-和目標糊聯之物體是否存在的方法，該方法 包括了以下步驟：以極化偏振之照射輻射照射目標；收集由目標反射出之 第一輻射其具有與照射輻射相同極化者；收集由目標反射出之第-_射其 具有與照射輻射相反極化者；並錢用—種第諸與第二輻射的加權多 數判斷標準欺該物體之存在。所使關斷標準之步驟最好是包括利用到 -種加權多數判斷鮮毅集所得輻織制由線轉換程序變換 至時域。所使用判斷標準之步驟最好是包括利用 ^ 里野弟一輻射與第二 輻射之-或二者作多次數之幅度伸展。所使用判斷 知攻好是進一 1269884 步包括利用到選自以下各項所構成的群組之多數判斷標準：以線性調頰7 轉換程序’變縣喊後帛—缺在零雜的帛_幅度、以雜麵〜z轉換 私序憂換成時域後第二輻射在零時點的第二幅度，以及第一幅度與第二幅 度之差異。所使用判斷標準之步驟可隨意地包括利用到第一輻射與第二輻 射抵達％間之差異，以及或是第—輻射與第二輻射之—或二者在時域或頻 域的曲線外形之量度值，而最好是該曲線峰值與曲線下方總面積的比例值。 本方法最好係重複施用多次，並且另外包括結合每次實行本法結果之 乂驟本方法最好是另外包括在校正數據上培訓神經網路之步驟，而所使 用判斷;^準之步驟最好是另外包括了侧該神經網路獨立自主地判定該物 體的存在之步驟。 該目標最好是包括一個人而該物體最好是包括一種藏匿的武器，其最 好係選自刀子、搶枝火器、搶砲、炸彈、爆炸裝置，以及自殺炸彈背心所 構成之群組者。 本毛月同時也疋為偵測某一和目標有關聯之物體的一種設備，其包含 了一種發射天線以極倾振之照射傭照射目標接收天線為收 集由目；^反射出之第_輻射其具有與照射輻射相同極化者、—種第二接收 天線為收集由目標反射出之第二輻射其具有與騎娜相反極化者，以及 種處里σ。為利用到第一輪射與第二輻射的加權多數判斷標準以判定該物 體之存在4處理最好是利關一種將收集所得之輻射資料藉由線性調 頻-Z轉換程序變換斜_加權多數騎鮮，*且最好是湘到一種對 # U—幸田射之一或二者作多次數之幅度伸展。該處理器同時最好 1269884 是利用到選自以下各項所構成的群組之多數觸鮮：以線性麵_z轉換 程序變滅_後第-歸在科點㈣—幅度、赠性調頻_z轉換程序 變換成時域後第二_在零時點的第二幅度，以及第_幅度與第二幅度之 間的差異。 該處理器將最好是糊_輻射鄕二輻射抵耕間之差異，最 好疋彻$]第&射與第__射之—或二者在時域或頻域的曲線外形，而 且最好是翻娜-輻射與第二_之—或二者在日销上的魏。該處理 器最好是將該照射輻射姻於目標上的結果結合之。—種雙·極化之單_天 線可隨意地包含上述的第—接收天線與第二接收天線。 該目仏取好κ㈤人。该物體最好是一種藏匿的武器，最好是選自刀 子搶枝火益、知砲、炸彈、爆炸裝置，以及自殺炸彈背心所構成之群缸 者。該處理器最好是利用到—種神經網路以自動偵測到該物體的存在，最 好是對每個綱鮮指定某―雜，而根據顺鮮的數餘合判定該物 體的存在。 树明之目的係提供_種偵測裝置，其優先者為小型、輕巧、操作辜 圍細T攜㈣及可使用電池者。如此使得該裝置的優先實施例能夠^ 提式、、且件^由執法公務員及/或軍事或保全人員所使用，譬如說判哀 某一特殊個人是否攜帶武器。 本毛月的k點為本發明褒置放射出的功率等級遠低於傳統雷達系統或 由目則在機場或法庭人口處用來偵測物體的χ_射線或其他成像⑽所產生 者。本發明裝置照射到目標上的平均功率密度其大小等級低於非-離子化轄 1269884 射之安全限度。 本發明的其他目標、優點以及新穎的事項，還有其他刺性的範圍等， 部分地將被提出於接下來卿細·上喃侧魏之圖餘合；而有部 刀地將對於那些在下述的檢查技術熟悉者變得顯而易見，或者可能藉由實 財發明而學習到。本發_目標與優點可能以附錄專辦請範圍所特^ 指出的手段工具及其組合而被實現與達成。 【實施方式】 本發明包括為在某距離以外偵_—物體的存在之方法與設備。本發明 的某-實施例可能觀來探出某—被人攜帶的隱輯器及/或炸彈。本發明 可以用來幫助讓武器遠離任何保全區域或是所謂的，，安全區Ί Z〇neTM”），例如學校、銀行、機場、使領館、監獄、法庭、辦公大樓、百貨 店或是住宅。該名稱“Safe z⑽TM，，係商標與行業龄，為本發明專利申請 讓夕克艾里斯有限公司（The MacAleese Companies，Incorporated)， 從事Safe Z〇neTM系統相關業務者所擁有。 摘體最好是與某—目標相關聯，例如正在接近出人口的某人，而最 好疋利用低功率無線電波_之。如整篇說明及專利中請範圍所用到的， 遠名稱“目標”意指為發射輻射線所瞒準指向的某事物，包括但不限於人、背 包、灯李、提袋、矮木叢，諸如此類料。如整篇說明及專射請範圍所 用到的’该名稱“物體”意指某一物質的項目其被攜帶、穿戴、隱藏、附帶於 身紅、或連接或用其他方式與某—目標相關者，包括但不限於武器、刀 子、搶砲、搶支、手搶、步槍、炸彈、自殺炸彈背心、瘤散彈、接線路， 諸如此類等等。 1269884 當無線電波行進穿過空氣時，它們的行進方式類似於水波移動通過海 洋的表面。鮮絲電信韻外形可以描述為—種重複的上下運動或是振 動，如圖la所示者。此種波的上下運動發生在三度空間。簡單波⑺會傳 播出去。-種波在平打於傳鮮面方向極化偏振者稱為水平極化偏振波。 -種波在垂直於傳播平面方向極化偏振者稱為垂直極丨#n μ㈣ 度或強度稱為波的振幅(Α)。 圖比顯示出一種垂直向極化偏振的波，_ lc則插繪出一種水平向 極化偏振的波。垂直向與水平向極化偏振稱為極化的正交形式。其他可能 用來描述垂直與水平極化偏減的的名稱有垂直、反向、交又—極化偏振、 或者主要的與互補者。 本文件中主要用來表示正交極化偏振的名稱為交叉—極化偏振，或簡稱 為交又-極或X-極。極化偏振的概念適用於所有形式的橫向電磁波，無論是 微波頻率的無線電波，或是例如由閃光燈發出的光波。 本發明裝置放射出的神等級遠低於傳統雷達祕或由目前在機場或 法庭入口處用來偵測物體的X—射線或其他成像系統所產生者。事實上，本 發明優先魏織置照賴目標上的平均功树度其大小等級低於非_離子 化輪射之安全限度。 本發明裝置最好是在千兆赫(GHz)頻帶内操作。不同的無線電頻率為物 體侧提财同關益與种邊件。在美國，無線f設備的操作頻率係由 聯邦通几委員會(Federal Communications Commission)所規範管理。全球 每個國家都有類似管理單位來分配及管理無線電頻譜範圍的使用。雖然本 1269884 說明包含特定涉及的特殊頻率翻，本祕可缺有魏使用各種電磁韓 射頻帶執行，而不受具體公開的範圍所限制。 圖2描述-種為執行本發明優先實施例之電路系統方塊圖示的無_限制 範例。低功率無線電發射機12經由第—指向聯結器13連接至調幅器14、 遽波器16、及發射機輸出放大器18，再經過發射/接收開關2〇和預選器22 而連接到魏/狐天線80。魏/魏_ 2〇也_控繼％調整至與 射程閘開關90同步。發射/接收天線80與接收天線的，其係偵測正交極化 偏振之能量，收触目標反翻來。或者，可騎[種雙_極化偏 振的單-天線。接收路線上的極性獅開關24係選擇水平向或垂直向極化 偏振天線或埠口。發射/接收天線8〇最好是發射水平極化偏振的信號並接 收水平的或共極化偏振(co-P〇1)的反射信號，而接收天線82最好是接收 在垂直極化偏振的垂直的或交叉極化偏振(χ_ρ〇1)的反射信號。極性選擇開 關24決定哪個信號要在任-給定時間要饋入接收器。預選職波器四、烈 為帶通驗如便防止頻帶财卜的健進人接„，以免可能造成假的響 應或者使得放大器飽和因而妨礙正常操作。共極化偏振(c〇抓路線上的 預選器渡波器22也同時減弱發射器在發射傳送時所產生不受歡迎的諸波。 控制器或處理器26，最好是包含啟動/停止/線性規劃程式設計，係愈局 部振盪請結合__ 12。脈触形發生㈣的_連接到調 幅益Μ。局部振的輸出係經由第二指向聯結器“鎮人混合調敕哭 犯。發射/接收顧㈣輸出亦經過極性選擇開關％、濾波器％和接= 雜訊放大ϋ W混合_ 32。來自處職26的__是傳 12 1269884 送到中級頻率增益控制放大器40,其同時接收來自混合調整器犯經過帶通 獻器41的主要信號輸人。放大器4G的輪出然後就通過射程_關卯 高«波器42而到達功率分配器44。射程閘控21和射程間開關⑽提供時 間的間HM魏，以便财來自位於_本設備—段要求_的反射物 (也就是目標或是物體)之信號會被處理。來自其他物體在不同時間抵達的作 號便忽略不理”力率分配器44將娜謂成二種輸出。—種輸_波器 46進讀β周幅，產生窄脈衝波而其通過據波器48、影像放大器邪、間通樣 本及握持延伸H 52，然後在類比—數位變流器5續數位化，再饋回處理器 26。來自功率分配諸的第二輸出經由功率分湘Μ被饋人相位檢波器 65 66以便使传回送信號的相位轉移能夠和振幅同時被測量到。 為了執行複合頻率至時域的轉換，其相位資訊非常重要，因此反射信 號的相位最好是被測量到。由於相位是—種補的項目，因此要以首先將 發射信號與局部振㈣信號本混合靖建立—種參考錢的方式來實 現。某-發射信號樣本係取自發射器12而經由指向聯結器Μ，並且和取自 ° Ν盪器30而|工由$曰向聯結器jj的樣本一起饋入混合調整器9。混合調 整器9的輸紐峨波器8作帶通，接著由關放大器7作限制以便 在Ha圍内使其振幅穩定。作限制的信號則被饋入垂直相差混成器π其 輸出二種振幅相等而彼此間相位差9〇。的信號者。該等輸出之一被饋入第一 Μ &波α。65 ’而另-輸出則饋入第二相位檢波器66。相位檢波器防、邸 、矜出為類比式而[^即在類比—數位變流器68與處數位化。數位化後的 信號被饋入控制器26作後續的處理。 13 1269884 量度的單位，，分貝，，(‘施!11，，)用以將反射出的輻射予以量化，而係根據一 種稱為分貝（decibel)簡稱為”dB”的量度單位。分貝係用來比較兩種輻射出 或反射出的功率之等級。舉例來說，假設—個收聽無線電的人非常靠近無 線電台的天線塔’其功率等級將會非常高。假如同樣的人在距離同樣的天 線塔好幾英里外，那麼所接收無線電波的強度就低了許多這是因為距離增 加之故。分貝可以絲將這樣的功率等級比例量化成為單—數值。不同於 普通的比率只是將某數除以另—數者，分狀—種量測值的對數形式，其 用來比較差舰大驗字時。由於輻射功料級可以變動的 範圍很大’-麟數形式的尺度便韓取代—般較t遍的雜尺度。二個 功率等級的差異以分貝表示者計算如下： dB = 1〇 l〇g (Ρχ/Ργ) ⑴ '、、疋第力率等、、及’而Py7C第二功率等級。當二接收無線電信號以分 貝為單位作比較時，較遠距離外接收的信號其功率的減少量就說成低於較 接近位置的功率等級若干分貝。 所。月曰賴Φ ’或稱RCS者，是一麵物體大小尺寸的量度法。當無 線電波產生後而射向某-物體時，發射波某些部分穿過物體，發射波另一 P刀被目k吸收’發射波的第三部分則反射回向發射器。反射波的部分愈 3物體的㈤賴面錢大。—物體其具有相對大的雷賴面者因此就 相對容易被侧到，相較於具有較小雷達截面的物體者…物體雷達截面 的里測大j值主要係、依其反射能力，及該物體的空間指向而定。舉例而言， 14 1269884 n又海厗線上某-雷達站正搜尋附近海上的船隻。某艘正在以平行於海岸. 線魏的船隻就比_的船正在航行賴陸地錢容易觀剩，這是因· 為打中弟-艘船舷側的雷達波彈回雷達站者，其強度大於從第二艘船的較 小船尾反射出絲。因此第_艘船，其係以”橫側，，指向雷達波的行進方向， 比第-艘船具有較大的雷達截面，而第二艘船的船尾對於雷達波則顯現為 較小的目標。 當本發明裝置用來_某—物聽是—把手_，财手搶的指向方 式對於偵測器顯現出相對較大的雷達截面時其偵測目的比較容易達成。譬籲 如說’-把搶塞入人的腰帶扣後方而平靠著腰部和將武器放入人髖部皮套 十以％官指向地面而握柄朝向前或向後者比較，會顯現出較大的雷達截 面。圖3關轉兩倾料_人。在_摘，齡—個人帶—支搶 置於腰π之別方或後方。細的右侧，顯示另—個人帶的搶置於側邊體部 上的袋子、小袋或皮套内。請注意到，為了讓兩個位置上的搶枝雷達截面. 相類似，關必須相對於侧器作旋轉，或是面對不同的方向。 雷達截面與1平方米相比較時以分貝為單位表示其量度值，，其表_ 示如下： RCS (以 dBsm 表示）=1〇 i〇g(AG) = 1〇 1〇g A + 1〇 1〇g g ⑵ 其中A是目標的面積以平方米表示，而G為目標在反射的增韻。此一表 示式子係假設該區域相對於操作波長是扇平的，而且該區域係被無線電波 均勻照射的。假設—個正方形區域-邊為” a，，米長，則該區域面積就是“ 15 (3) 1269884 平方米。就某-撕目對於操作波長是扁平的表面而言， ina2 /λ2 其中波長λ等方、〇.3/f米而f為頻率以千死赫(㈣表示。於是 .(以 dBsm 表示）=1〇 1〇g (Wf2/〇. 〇9)⑷ 此-表示式指出假如側邊大小”a，，加倍，則反射增加a輸，或者以 線性放大恤絲，編是蝴16散。倍，則反射 或者以線隨大率單位表福原來的4倍。請注意料截面⑶ Z ^心示者係隨20 1呢⑴而增加。複雜邊緣效應在此說明中不予考慮。 舉例而5 ’ ―塊6 4 X 6外板的雷達截面在1千兆赫(GHz)時為-11. 3 ,,;係數G，她增易I，係以f2的比例增加，頻率從丨增加到削此， 二 .7 dBsra，不同於20 dB。然而，典型的武器外形相對於無線 4 波長顯然是非平面的’所以實際上增加的非常少。 照射表Γ里的數據是一枝.357 口徑金屬製手搶受某些頻帶的電磁無線電波 …的4。纟時麟佩立來校準侧設備並提供制參考基準量。該 暮式構型為··單埠雷賴 IF射頻頻寬。 料均數時域間取樣，以及縮減的 16 !269884 頻帶（兆赫） 雷達截面 500-1000 -15 dBsm 1000-1750 2650-3000 -10 dBsm 2890-3250 9500-10660 同樣的，圖4a提供了一把· 357 口徑手搶受2650至3000兆赫頻率發射 4射波照射的數據。該曲線顯示搶以側面方向放置的數據，意指搶的最 、P刀在發射無線電波辭面上向旁邊延伸，而雷賴面在此頻率範 圍㈣大約-8 dBsm變化至—n dBsni。圖4b表示一種身體回送波資料，或 者疋個未帶武器人體的雷達截面，而與圖如的頻帶相同。遍及該頻帶的 千均雷達戴面是-3編，或是比帶有搶者—U册的平均回送波大約強了 8 dB〇 圖5及圖6提供在測試室内某一個人無線電波反射的量測曲線。圖5 包含的經驗數㈣’當-個人吨概照射時，娜_無線電波能量 在2. 59至3. 95千兆細z)之間由身體反射回去。圖6顯示大約有輝 7.0至10. 66 GHz之間反射回去。 —般說來，綱㈣織轉理，其巾物方向極化 17 1269884 偏振的入射波束將有部分以垂直極化偏振反射回去。變換成垂直方向極化 偏振的能量百分比依物體在垂直於入射線方向的平面上之外形而定。假如 物體具有的截面外形在垂直及水平方向都有分量，即使該物體只受水平極 化波照射也會出現垂直方向極化的分量。這一垂直方向極化的分量在此即 為”交叉極化偏振”(cr〇SS-p〇l)，而水平方向極化的反射部分則為，，共極化偏 振’’(co-pol)。如果目標與物體係以垂直極化偏振的入射波束照射，這些名 稱便倒反過來。 如前所記述者，一支.357手搶和一人體之間的背回散射量平均大約是 8 dB。從异術術語上看，這意味將搶枝及人體結合起來的信號比沒有搶的 情形將僅增加1· 4 dB。既知人體部分的變動量在6 dB的等級，就不難了解 為什麼偵測搶枝會有困難。人體的主要骨頭是垂直的，所以對垂直極化入 射線的截面比較大。這對於衣著内絕大多數的拉鏈也是對的。 如果是用水平極化入射線，該身體截面減少大約6 dB，而現在垂直方 向極化的交叉極化偏振也減少相類似的數量。然而，武器的交叉極化偏振 相對地維持在定數。這就是說丨· 4 dB的差異現在可以變成7· 4册，在平均 口而減夕了攸某一身體到另一身體的變動效應。因此，當目標是一個 人時，最好是發送水平方向極化偏振波，而接收水平極化與垂直極化者。 圖7描繪出本發明某一優先實施例的典型操作。人們進入某一保護空 間’或稱“Safe Zone，安全區™ )者，而以水平極化偏振的無線電波照射 之。此等無線電波一部分被吸收，而有一些向發射器反射回去。當發射器 知射-個未帶搶的人時，就產生圖7中較上方的兩條曲線。此二區線表現 18 1269884 出受水平極化而反射回至偵測器的能量幅度大小（上曲線標示為”α，，者），以 及受垂直極化而反射回至偵測器的能量幅度大小（下曲線標示為”β”者）；而 此等量幅係以時域量表示且經過線性調頻-Ζ轉換(如以下說明）。 圖7中所示較低的圖包含者係一個人攜帶一支手搶時由偵測器感知到以 時域繪出的兩條曲線。如同較上的圖者，該二曲線表示出水平極化無線電 波從人身反射回的能量等級大小（上曲線標示為，，γ”者），以及垂直極化無線 電波從人身反射回的能量等級大小（下曲線標示為”者），而此等量幅係 以時域量表示。這些區線上最大值之間的差隙，上曲線者標示為”以丨^ β ” 者通常比下曲線標示為”Delta Α”者窄一些。一般而言，當人帶有一支槍戋 是任何其他表現出顯明實在反射表象的物體者，由該物體反射回的垂直極 化能量分量會增加。 圖8與圖9是在-種手搶制實驗中產生二對波形的時域測試設備量測 圖。在圖8中，受測人員未帶搶，二曲線的最大值分開29· 6册。入射線極 化偏振係水平方向，而因此接收的水平極化偏振大於接收的垂直極化偏 振。在® 9巾，相同的人攜帶一把手槍，而二曲線最大值之間的距離現在 只有7· 9 dB，指出了一支搶的存在。 然而此二接收極化偏振在幅度上差異的減少就此_測試而言是相當戲 劇化的，在其他案财該量可能相當小；於是此種量·法被永遠信賴。 因此當要決定是否有武时在時，額外的參數射彳斷準則必須要被考慮 到而且纟現貫世界中，不像在無回聲室内，信號會因地面反射及週遭 兄雜亂造成的多路徑效應而變弱。多路徑效應最好是以讓雷達以寬廣範 19 1269884 圍頻率掃描的方式予以最小化，如以上所描 省略和在另_頻率&疋口為在某-頻率作 -㈣即& 不會有相同效果。以寬廣範圍頻率掃描提供另 ’即在頻域所用的並 間與波幅的解析度愈好。〜適當變換後其時域中對時 對時=1输_^義啦：蝴嫩變量峰值的相 作。虎.二夕童田—個人帶有搶枝或炸彈時，有相當一部分的垂直極化偏振 二不、#由武器所產生者，會在時間上相對於水平返回波向前移動， ^返財主«由身體反射出者。這翻_偏移是對侧武 貝獻的另一項參數。 另外’當人有武器咖為部分的反射來自武器而部分來自身體，所有 二種極化返回信號的形狀會有擴展出切㈣。因此，料個返回信號量 測其雜對曲線下方面積的比例更可以對判定物體偵測的概率有所貢獻。 最後，當人有武ϋ時目為有來自武_反射部分使得共極化回返波 (典型者為水平極化偏振)有變大的趨向，但這是其本身而已，而因為不同 人的外形大小變較得它财是雜大加猶用醇數。假如共—極化回返 波明顯大於-個很大體型人的正常值，那麼這單獨將指出其有特殊個體的 不正常性，可能是隱藏物體。當人穿戴由彈片構成的炸彈時此—參數就非 常明顯。 本發明的實行最好是求解-個演算，其則_代表由未攜帶隱藏 武器的人反_的健之預械值標雜。此—輯，其最好是利用一些 人做量測與累積’哺供侧資訊表現於w 7較上方，以及圖8中。一代 20 1269884 表由攜帶隱藏武|g的人反射回的信號之預存數值標準組也被用上。此一數 據，其最好也是利用一些人做量測與累積，而提供相關資訊表現於圖7較 下方的圖，以及圖9中。在本發明的先進成就中，偵測器能夠使自己適應 其環境係藉由逐漸增加與持續不斷地學習有關許多未攜帶武器進入，，安全 區™”的人的反射信號。這可以利用任何學習系統之一來達成，包括但不限 於一種神經網路。 本發明的搶枝偵測系統中最困難的爭議之一是該人體的變異。到目前 為止所顯示的所有數據僅只利用幅度的輸入來由測量所得的頻域轉換至所 顯示的時域圖。然而，如以上討論過的，這樣不能適#提供•或其他物 體存在的可靠指示。 吴國專利編號6, 342, 696以，，物體偵測系統，，為標題者，公開了為偵測隱 藏武器的新穎方法與設備，包括了—種時域方法的使用，於其中由目標區 域返回的共-極化與交叉_極化波之幅度差異被用來判定是否有武器存在。一 種用到複合線性調頻—z轉換(CZT)的演算程序，其藉由將相位資訊含入轉換 之内而可以容納幅度及相位數據者，係被優細來改善_物體的靈敏 度。CZT是一種用來將有關頻率的資訊變換成有關時間的資訊之數學表示 一疋由頻域變換成時域。ατ是z-轉換的普遍化，其為拉普拉斯 #Haaplace ivansf⑽）的—種離散形式。 里測由一個可能攜帶著隱藏武器的人反射而來的極化波之相位是重要 的，因為從;一^ ”、 ^喊的武器反射而來的極化波與從一人體反射而來的極化波 /亍為非系不樣。一般而言，從一隱藏武器的反射波，儘管不是固定不 21 1269884 夂，而在相對魏的制暖化。相形對照之下，從-人體反射而來者會 π 111化這疋因為身體有深度而反射波在身體内各不同深度產生；這 - 、口而疋非平面的。轉換過的回返波之形心係在該物體表面之下的 •、沾上本發明取好是利用此一特性，藉由信號處理方法將來自隱藏武器 的相對緊密錄與來自人體通常隨柳雜而變化的信麵觸來。使用 该非平面數據的結果就是從人體_返波齡，增加纽錄度以及本發 明_隱藏武II的能力。因此GZT有助於將由某„物體反射之骑所產生 的第-種信號與由某-目標例如人體反射之_所產生的第二種信號分隔 開來。 稷數轉換需要有每個頻率分量的相對相位轉移的知識；因此，為了使 用CZT ’有關幅度及相位的資訊都必須在量測階段收集到。因此，一種相位 偵測器已經導人齡谢，請參看圖2。該相位偵·實際上由兩段構 成’各段以相同信號但彼此偏移90。者饋入。如此—種9〇。相位差的偵測器 需要用來消除相位偵測器中的不明確性，係由於單—段的設施在圓周的不 同象限會重複其值。由於在-給定時間只有—個頻率存在，因此優先測量 相對於發射器信號的相位。優先關於交又-極化回返信號的相位量測，最好 是在射頻IF信號實行。或者是，相位量測在無線電頻率⑽信號實行而沒 有任何明I貞差異U，⑽取得精麵測量觀較_且昂貴。林任 ―方法中…種相健制麵量回返信號相對於發射信號的她。 然而’存在-重要’事項就是轉在IF的信號連貫性。 如此連貫性能被維躲好係轉的頻道知返波精麵射頻1?處 22 1269884 提供-種參考鮮。這最好係⑽傳送及局部震魅取樣舰頻後產生相 位H的參考基準來達成。因為接收回返波的_延遲由於目標的緊密 接近而只有幾個毫微秒(職⑽⑽d)，所以雜訊減到最小。單—的相位伯 測頻道被優先使用到並且是時間多工性的，以允許對共—極性與交又極性 分別作相位量測。另-取代的方法以產生穩定參考基準者是顧—種穩定 的震盡器在射頻IF處操作，並將使用射頻正參考基準的局部震盪器與傳 送震盡器合成之。 來自人體樣本的交叉—極化之振幅與相位回應的廣義描述表現在圖W φ 中。此一資訊係利用複數線性調頻—z轉換處理的。圖1〇中的波形可以定義 如下： S (/) = Afn(f) X Ac〇e (2πη+δα)) 其中： - 帶通濾波器在頻域中的振幅響應 =交叉-極化回返波在頻域中的振幅響應 · / ''頻率’以千兆赫(gigahertz)為單位 t —日守間，以4^M4、（nanoseconds)為單位 Pw二δ(ί)=交叉—極化回返波在頻域中的相位響應 所關切的頻f係分割成區段或區塊(Μη3)的。區塊(|^η3)的數目”j^，可以是 任何貫際的數值，從零到趨近於無限大的數目。 23 1269884 由田達仏唬取得之數據由在各頻率的反射信號之振幅與相位所構成。 二了使/、有用處，這些數值必須被轉換成代表幅度大小隨時間變化的數 值。以下是雷達參數的定義： N =做量測時的頻率樣本數目； F〜step =樣本之間頻率階級的大小；還有 F—span =頻率的總跨越範圍（n χ 將頻率信號轉換成時間的標準方法係經由利用一種離散傅立葉逆轉 ^(Inverse Discrete Fourier Transfer, IDFT) 〇 IDFT ,lf N · 轉換成N個時間樣本。其所形成的時間樣本從時間〇開始，以1/F span的 解析度平均分布至時間=1/ F_step。 膽係定義為：难(吵竽 k=〇 其打_該_率樣本_，____本。The name of the "Object Detection System" is published on December 14, 2G0G as the international issue number W0 00/75892. The detailed description of these references and the scope of the patent application are hereby incorporated by reference. The present invention is a method for affixing the presence or absence of an object associated with a target paste, the method comprising the steps of: illuminating the target with polarized polarized illumination radiation; collecting the first radiation reflected by the target having the same radiation as the illumination a person who is polarized; collects a first-reflected object that is reflected by the target and has a polarization opposite to that of the irradiated radiation; and uses the weighted majority of the first and second radiations to discriminate the existence of the object. Preferably, the step of the standard includes using the weighted majority to determine the spokes of the fresh-sense set to be transformed from the line conversion program to the time domain. The step of using the judgment criterion preferably includes using the radiance and the second radiation. - or both of the number of extensions of the number of times. The use of the judgment to know that the attack is better than the 1269884 step includes the use of a majority of the criteria selected from the group consisting of: Adjusting the cheek 7 conversion program 'change the county shouting 帛 缺 缺 缺 缺 缺 缺 缺 缺 缺 缺 缺 缺 缺 缺 缺 缺 缺 缺 缺 缺 缺 缺 缺 缺 缺 缺 幅度 幅度 幅度 幅度 幅度 幅度 幅度 幅度 幅度 幅度 幅度 幅度 幅度 幅度 幅度The difference from the second amplitude. The step of using the criterion can optionally include utilizing the difference between the arrival of the first radiation and the second radiation, and either the first radiation and the second radiation - or both in the time domain Or a measure of the shape of the curve in the frequency domain, and preferably a ratio of the peak value of the curve to the total area under the curve. The method is preferably repeated multiple times, and additionally includes a combination of the results of the implementation of the method each time. Preferably, the method further comprises the step of training the neural network on the correction data, and the step of using the determination is preferably further comprising the step of independently determining the presence of the object by the neural network. It is good to include a person and the object preferably includes a hidden weapon, preferably selected from the group consisting of a knife, a gun, a gun, a bomb, an explosive device, and a suicide bomb vest. At the same time, the month is also a device for detecting an object associated with the target, which comprises a transmitting antenna that illuminates the target receiving antenna with an extremely oscillating illumination to collect the target; The same polarization as the illuminating radiation, the second receiving antenna is for collecting the second radiation reflected by the target, which has the opposite polarization to the rider, and the σ in the species. For the first round and the second shot The weighted majority judgment criterion of radiation is to determine the existence of the object. 4 It is preferable to treat the collected radiation data by the chirp-Z conversion program to convert the oblique-weighted majority, * and preferably to a kind For the extension of #U-幸田射, or both, the number of times is extended. The processor is also best to use 1269884 to utilize the majority of the touches selected from the group consisting of: linear face _z conversion program After the change _ after the first - return to the point (four) - amplitude, gift frequency _z conversion program into the time domain after the second _ at the zero point of the second amplitude, and the difference between the _ amplitude and the second amplitude. The processor will preferably be the difference between the paste and the radiation, and preferably the curve shape of the $&amp; and the __shot or both in the time or frequency domain, and It is best to turn it over - radiation and the second - or both of them in the Japanese market. Preferably, the processor combines the results of the illumination radiation on the target. The double-polarized single-day antenna may optionally include the above-mentioned first receiving antenna and second receiving antenna. The target is good for κ (five) people. The object is preferably a hidden weapon, preferably selected from the group consisting of a knife, a stick, a bomb, an explosive device, and a suicide bomber. Preferably, the processor utilizes a neural network to automatically detect the presence of the object, preferably assigning a certain miscellaneous to each embedding, and determining the presence of the object based on the number of survivors. The purpose of Shuming is to provide _ kinds of detection devices, the priority of which is small, lightweight, operation, thin T-carry (four) and battery users. This allows the preferred embodiment of the device to be used, and is used by law enforcement civil servants and/or military or security personnel, such as mourning whether a particular individual carries a weapon. The k-point of this month is the one produced by the device of the present invention with a power level that is much lower than that of a conventional radar system or by a ray or other imaging (10) used by an airport or court population to detect objects. The average power density of the device of the present invention irradiated onto the target is less than the safety margin of the non-ionized jurisdiction 1269884. Other objects, advantages and novel matters of the present invention, as well as other ranges of thorns, etc., will be partially proposed in the next section of the fine-grained side of the Wei-Ming; and there will be a knife for those under Those familiar with the inspection techniques become apparent or may be learned through real financial inventions. The objectives and advantages of this report may be achieved and achieved by means of the tools and combinations of the appendices specified in the appendix. [Embodiment] The present invention includes a method and apparatus for detecting the presence of an object outside of a certain distance. Certain embodiments of the present invention may be useful to detect a hidden device and/or bomb that is carried by a person. The invention can be used to help keep weapons away from any security area or so-called, security zone, such as a school, bank, airport, embassy or consulate, prison, court, office building, department store or residence. The name "Safe z(10)TM, a trademark and industry-age, is owned by The MacAleese Companies, Incorporated, a company engaged in the Safe Z〇neTM system. Preferably, the body is associated with a target, such as someone approaching the population, and preferably using low-power radio waves. As used throughout the description and scope of the patent, the term "target" means something that is directed at the radiation, including but not limited to people, backpacks, lights, bags, dwarfs, Such materials. The term "object" as used throughout the description and scope refers to the item of a substance that is carried, worn, hidden, attached to the body, or connected or otherwise associated with a target. , including but not limited to weapons, knives, guns, grabs, hand grabs, rifles, bombs, suicide bomb vests, tumor shots, wiring, and so on. 1269884 When radio waves travel through the air, they travel in a manner similar to the movement of water waves through the surface of the ocean. The shape of the fresh wire telegram can be described as a kind of repeated up and down motion or vibration, as shown in the la. The up and down motion of such waves occurs in a three-dimensional space. The simple wave (7) will be transmitted. - The wave of polarization polarized in the direction of the fresh-faced surface is called horizontally polarized polarized wave. - The polarization of a wave in a direction perpendicular to the plane of propagation is called the vertical pole n#n μ(four) degree or the intensity is called the amplitude of the wave (Α). The graph shows a vertically polarized polarized wave, and _ lc plots a horizontally polarized polarized wave. The polarization of the vertical and horizontal polarizations is called the orthogonal form of polarization. Other names that may be used to describe vertical and horizontal polarization subtraction are vertical, reverse, cross-polar polarization, or primary and complementary. The name used in this document to denote orthogonal polarization polarization is cross-polarization polarization, or simply cross-pole or X-pole. The concept of polarization polarization applies to all forms of transverse electromagnetic waves, whether it is radio waves at microwave frequencies or light waves emitted by, for example, flash lamps. The device of the present invention emits a level of God that is much lower than that of a conventional radar or an X-ray or other imaging system currently used to detect objects at an airport or court entrance. In fact, the present invention prioritizes that the average power tree on the target is lower than the safety margin of the non-ionized shot. The apparatus of the present invention preferably operates in the gigahertz (GHz) band. Different radio frequencies are the same as the wealth and the edge of the object. In the United States, the frequency of operation of wireless f equipment is regulated by the Federal Communications Commission. Each country in the world has a similar management unit to allocate and manage the use of the radio spectrum range. Although this 1269884 specification contains specific frequency flips that are specifically involved, this secret may be deficient in the use of various electromagnetic Korean RF bands, and is not limited by the scope of the specific disclosure. Figure 2 depicts an example of a non-limiting block diagram of a circuit system that performs a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The low power radio transmitter 12 is coupled to the amplitude modulator 14, chopper 16, and transmitter output amplifier 18 via a first-to-point coupler 13, and is coupled to the Wei/Fox antenna via a transmit/receive switch 2A and a preselector 22. 80. Wei / Wei _ 2 〇 also _ control % adjusted to synchronize with the range gate switch 90. The transmitting/receiving antenna 80 and the receiving antenna detect the energy of the orthogonal polarization and the target is reversed. Alternatively, you can ride a single-antenna with a double-polarized polarization. The polar lion switch 24 on the receiving route selects a horizontally or vertically polarized polarized antenna or a cornice. Preferably, the transmit/receive antenna 8A emits a horizontally polarized polarized signal and receives a horizontal or co-polarized polarization (co-P〇1) reflected signal, and the receive antenna 82 preferably receives the vertically polarized polarization. A reflected signal of a vertical or cross-polarized polarization (χ_ρ〇1). The polarity selection switch 24 determines which signal is to be fed into the receiver at any given time. Pre-selection of the wave device IV, the strong test for the band to prevent the health of the band, so as not to cause a false response or make the amplifier saturated and thus hinder normal operation. Co-polarization polarization The preselector waver 22 also attenuates the undesirable waves generated by the transmitter during transmission. The controller or processor 26 preferably includes a start/stop/linear programming program, and the local oscillations are combined. _ 12. The pulse shape occurs (4) _ is connected to the amplitude modulation benefit. The output of the local vibration is transmitted through the second pointing coupler. “The town is mixed and stunned. The transmission/reception (4) output also passes the polarity selection switch %, filtering % and 接 = noise amplification ϋ W mixed _ 32. __ from the duty 26 is transmitted 12 1269884 to the intermediate frequency gain control amplifier 40, which simultaneously receives the main from the hybrid regulator through the belt feeder 41 The signal is input. The rotation of the amplifier 4G then reaches the power splitter 44 through the range_off_high_waver 42. The range gate 21 and the range switch (10) provide the time between the HM Wei, so that the money comes from the _ this device- The signal of the reflector (that is, the target or the object) that requires _ will be processed. The number of arrivals from other objects at different times will be ignored. The force rate distributor 44 will treat Na as two outputs. The waver 46 reads the β-peripheral, generates a narrow pulse wave which passes through the wave device 48, the image amplifier evil, the inter-pass sample and the grip extension H 52 , and then continues to digitize in the analog-digital converter 5, and then The processor 26 is fed back. The second output from the power distribution is fed to the phase detector 65 66 via the power split so that the phase shift of the transmitted signal can be measured simultaneously with the amplitude. For the conversion of the domain, the phase information is very important, so the phase of the reflected signal is preferably measured. Since the phase is a supplementary item, it is necessary to first mix the transmitted signal with the local oscillator (four) signal. The method of money is implemented. A certain-transmitted signal sample is taken from the transmitter 12 via the pointing coupler, and is fed from the sampler of the coupler jj together with the sample from the coupler jj. 9. The input chopper 8 of the regulator 9 is bandpassed and then limited by the off amplifier 7 to stabilize its amplitude within the Ha envelope. The limited signal is fed to the vertical phase difference mixer π which outputs two amplitudes. Signals that are equal and phase-to-phase with each other. One of the outputs is fed to the first Μ & wave α. 65 ' and the other output is fed to the second phase detector 66. Phase detector protection,邸, 矜 are analogous [^ is in the analog-digital converter 68 and digitized. The digitized signal is fed to the controller 26 for subsequent processing. 13 1269884 units of measure, decibels, ('Shi! 11,,') is used to quantify the reflected radiation, based on a unit called the decibel referred to as "dB". The decibel system is used to compare the levels of power radiated or reflected. For example, assume that a person listening to the radio is very close to the antenna tower of the radio station' and its power level will be very high. If the same person is a few miles away from the same antenna tower, then the intensity of the received radio waves is much lower because of the increased distance. Decibel can quantify such power level ratios into single-value values. Different from the ordinary ratio, it is only the logarithmic form of dividing the number by another, and the fractal value is used to compare the difference between the large ship and the large test. Since the range of radiation power levels can vary widely, the scale of the form of the number of syllabuses is replaced by the metric scale of the t-pass. The difference between the two power levels is calculated in decibels as follows: dB = 1〇 l〇g (Ρχ/Ργ) (1) ', 疋 first force rate, etc., and 'Py7C second power level. When the two received radio signals are compared in decibels, the amount of power reduction of the signals received over a longer distance is said to be several decibels lower than the power level of the closer position. All. The month 曰 Φ ‘or RCS is a measure of the size of an object. When a radio wave is generated and directed to an object, some portion of the transmitted wave passes through the object, and the other P-pulse of the transmitted wave is absorbed by the target. The third portion of the transmitted wave is reflected back to the emitter. The part of the reflected wave is more than the (5) face of the object. - the object has a relatively large ray surface and is therefore relatively easy to be sideways, compared to an object with a smaller radar cross section... the SAR value of the object's radar cross section is mainly based on its ability to reflect, and The space of the object depends. For example, 14 1269884 n and a radar station on the sea line are searching for ships on nearby seas. A ship is parallel to the coast. The ship of Wei is better than the ship that is sailing on the land. This is because the radar wave that hits the middle of the ship - the side of the ship is back to the radar station, its intensity is greater than The wire is reflected from the smaller stern of the second ship. Therefore, the _th ship, which is "lateral", points in the direction of the radar wave, has a larger radar cross section than the first ship, and the stern of the second ship appears to be a smaller target for the radar wave. When the device of the present invention is used for a certain object, the direction of the hand grabbing is relatively easy to achieve when the detector exhibits a relatively large radar cross section. Put the smashed into the person's belt and buckle the back and flatten against the waist and put the weapon into the human hip holster. If the handle is facing the front or the latter, the larger radar cross section will appear. 3 turn off two dumping _ people. In _ pick, age - personal belt - support grabbed on the waist π other or behind. Thin right side, showing another - personal belt grabbed on the side body Bags, pouches or holsters. Please note that in order to make the cross-section of the radar in the two positions similar, the off must be rotated relative to the side or in different directions. Radar cross section and 1 square meter When comparing, the metric value is expressed in decibels, and its table_ is shown as follows: RCS (in dBsm means) = 1〇i〇g(AG) = 1〇1〇g A + 1〇1〇gg (2) where A is the area of the target expressed in square meters, and G is the augmentation of the target in reflection. The equation assumes that the region is fan-flat with respect to the operating wavelength, and that the region is uniformly illuminated by radio waves. Suppose that a square region - the edge is "a," and the meter is long, the area is "15 (3) 1269884 square meters. For a surface that is flat on the operating wavelength, ina2 /λ2 where the wavelength λ is equal, 〇.3/f meters and f is the frequency in thousands of deadhertz ((4). So. dBsm means) = 1〇1〇g (Wf2/〇. 〇9)(4) This expression indicates that if the side size is "a", double, the reflection increases by a, or linearly enlarges the shirt. Disperse. Multiply, the reflection or the line is 4 times the original unit with the large rate. Please note that the material section (3) Z ^ heart is increased with 20 1 (1). Complex edge effects are not considered in this description. For example, the radar cross section of the 5'-block 6 4 X 6 outer panel is -11. 3 in 1 GHz, and the coefficient G is increased by I, which is the ratio of f2. Increase, the frequency increases from 丨 to 削, 2.7 dBsra, which is different from 20 dB. However, the typical weapon shape is obviously non-planar relative to the wireless 4 wavelength' so it actually increases very little. It is a 357-caliber metal hand that grabs electromagnetic waves from certain frequency bands. 4. 纟 麟 佩 佩 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准 校准RF bandwidth. Mean time inter-domain sampling, and reduced 16 !269884 band (MHz) Radar section 500-1000 -15 dBsm 1000-1750 2650-3000 -10 dBsm 2890-3250 9500-10660 Similarly, Figure 4a Provides a 357-caliber hand to receive data from the 2650 to 3000 MHz frequency of 4 jets. The curve shows the data placed in the lateral direction, meaning that the most robbed, the P-knife extends sideways on the radio-radio surface, and the Ray-Lai surface changes to approximately -n dBsni in this frequency range (4). Fig. 4b shows a body return wave data, or a radar cross section of an unarmed human body, which is the same as the frequency band of Fig. The thousand-period radar wear across the band is -3, or about 8 dB stronger than the average return wave with the grab-U book. Figure 5 and Figure 6 provide the amount of radio reflection from a person in the test room. Measuring curve. Figure 5 contains the number of experiences (4) 'When the -person tons are illuminated, the _ radio wave energy is reflected back from the body between 2.59 and 3.95 gigabytes fine z). Figure 6 shows that there is a reflection between about 7.0 and 10.66 GHz. In general, the (4) weaving, its direction of polarization of the towel 17 1269884 polarized incident beam will be partially reflected back with vertical polarization. The percentage of energy converted to polarization in the vertical direction depends on the shape of the object on a plane perpendicular to the direction of the incoming radiation. If the cross-sectional shape of the object has a component in both the vertical and horizontal directions, the component of the vertical polarization will appear even if the object is only irradiated by the horizontal polarized wave. The component of this vertical polarization is here "cross polarization polarization" (cr〇SS-p〇l), while the reflection portion of the horizontal polarization is, copolar polarization ''(co-pol ). If the target and the object system are illuminated with a vertically polarized polarized incident beam, these names are reversed. As previously stated, the backscattered amount between a .357 hand grab and a human body averages about 8 dB. In terms of different terminology, this means that the signal combining the grabbing and the human body will only increase by 1.4 dB than if it were not. Knowing that the amount of variation in the human body is at 6 dB, it is not difficult to understand why it is difficult to detect the shoot. The main bones of the human body are vertical, so the cross section of the vertically polarized rays is relatively large. This is also true for most zippers in clothing. If horizontally polarized into the ray, the body cross-section is reduced by approximately 6 dB, and now the cross-polarized polarization of the vertical-direction polarization is reduced by a similar amount. However, the cross-polarization polarization of the weapon is relatively constant at a fixed number. This means that the difference of 丨·4 dB can now be changed to 7.4 volumes, and the average effect is reduced by the effect of one body to another. Therefore, when the target is a person, it is preferable to transmit a polarized wave in the horizontal direction and a horizontal polarizer and a vertical polarizer. Figure 7 depicts a typical operation of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. People enter a protected space 'or Safe ZoneTM' and are illuminated by horizontally polarized polarized radio waves. Some of these radio waves are absorbed and some are reflected back to the transmitter. When the device is known to be a person without a grab, the upper two curves in Figure 7 are generated. This two-zone line shows the magnitude of the energy amplitude (upper curve) that is horizontally polarized and reflected back to the detector. Marked as "α,,", and the magnitude of the energy reflected back to the detector by vertical polarization (the lower curve is labeled "β"); and this amount is expressed as a time domain and linear FM-Ζ conversion (as explained below). The lower graph shown in Figure 7 contains two curves that are perceived by the detector as being taken by the detector in a time domain when a person is carrying a hand. As in the upper graph, the two curves show the magnitude of the energy level reflected by the horizontally polarized radio waves from the human body (the upper curve is labeled as γ), and the energy level of the vertically polarized radio waves reflected from the human body. The size (the lower curve is indicated as "", and this amount is expressed in terms of the time domain. The difference between the maximum values on these zones, the upper curve is marked as "丨^β" and is usually narrower than the lower curve labeled "Delta". In general, when a person carries a gun, it is any other object that exhibits a visible reflection, and the vertical polarization energy component reflected by the object increases. Figure 8 and Figure 9 are time-domain test equipment measurements for generating two pairs of waveforms in a hand-pull experiment. In Figure 8, the person under test is not taken, and the maximum value of the two curves is separated by 2.9. The incoming ray polarizes the horizontal direction of the polarization and thus the received horizontal polarization is greater than the received vertical polarization. In the ® 9 towel, the same person carries a pistol, and the distance between the maximum values of the two curves is now only 7.9 dB, indicating the presence of a grab. However, the reduction in the amplitude of the difference in the amplitude of the two received polarizations is quite dramatic in terms of testing. In other cases, the amount may be quite small; thus, such quantities are forever trusted. Therefore, when deciding whether or not there is a time, the additional parameters of the shot-off criteria must be taken into account and in the current world. Unlike in the anechoic chamber, the signal will be multipath caused by ground reflections and disturbing brothers. The effect is weakened. The multipath effect is best minimized by scanning the radar at a wide frequency range of 19 1269884, as described above, and at the other frequency & the mouth is at a certain frequency - (four) ie & Have the same effect. The better the resolution of the amplitude and amplitude used in the frequency domain is provided by scanning over a wide range of frequencies. ~ After the appropriate transformation, its time domain is opposite. Time = 1 = _ ^ meaning: the interaction of the peak value of the variable. Tiger. Erxi Tongtian—When an individual carries a stick or bomb, there is a considerable portion of the vertically polarized polarization. The #produced by the weapon will move forward in time relative to the horizontal return wave. ^Back to the Lord « Reflected by the body. This flip _ offset is another parameter of the contralateral martial arts. In addition, when a person has a weapon, the part of the reflection comes from the weapon and the part comes from the body. The shape of all the two polarization return signals will expand and cut (4). Therefore, the ratio of the return signal to the area under the curve can contribute to the probability of determining the object detection. Finally, when a person has a monk, there is a tendency for the co-polarized return wave (typically horizontally polarized polarization) to become larger, but this is its own, and because of the shape of different people. The size of the money is more complicated than the amount of alcohol used. If the co-polarization return wave is significantly larger than the normal value of a large body, then this alone will indicate that it has a special individual's abnormality, which may be a hidden object. This is especially true when a person wears a bomb made up of shrapnel. The practice of the present invention is preferably to solve a calculus, which _ represents a pre-armed value of the anti-theft of a person who does not carry a hidden weapon. This is a series, which is best done by using some people to measure and accumulate 'feeding side information' above the w7, and Figure 8. Generation 20 1269884 The standard set of pre-stored values of the signals reflected back by the person carrying the hidden wu|g is also used. In this data, it is best to use some people to make measurements and accumulations, and to provide relevant information in the figure below in Figure 7, and in Figure 9. In the advanced achievements of the present invention, the detector is able to adapt itself to its environment by gradually increasing and continuously learning the reflected signals of many people who are not carrying weapons into, safe zone TM". This can utilize any learning. One of the systems to achieve, including but not limited to a neural network. One of the most difficult controversies in the tamper detection system of the present invention is the variation of the human body. All the data displayed so far only uses the input of the amplitude. The measured frequency domain is converted to the displayed time domain map. However, as discussed above, this does not provide a reliable indication of the presence or presence of other objects. Wu Guo Patent No. 6, 342, 696 to, objects The detection system, as the titler, discloses novel methods and devices for detecting hidden weapons, including the use of a time domain method in which co-polarization and cross-polarization waves are returned from the target region. The difference in amplitude is used to determine if a weapon is present. A calculus program that uses a composite chirp-z conversion (CZT) by incorporating phase information into the transformation. In order to accommodate the amplitude and phase data, the sensitivity of the object is improved. CZT is a mathematical representation used to transform the information about the frequency into information about the time. The frequency domain is transformed into the time domain. ατ is z - The generalization of transformation, which is a discrete form of Laplace #Haaplace ivansf(10). It is important to measure the phase of a polarized wave reflected by a person who may carry a hidden weapon, because ^", The polarized wave reflected from the shouting weapon is not tied to the polarized wave/亍 reflected from a human body. In general, the reflected wave from a hidden weapon, although not fixed is not 21 1269884 夂, but in the relative Wei's heating. In contrast, the person reflected from the human body will π 111 this because the body has depth and the reflected waves are generated at different depths in the body; this - mouth is not flat. The shape of the converted return wave is below the surface of the object. The invention is based on the use of this feature. The signal processing method is used to record the relatively close recording of the hidden weapon from the human body. And the letter of change touched. The result of using this non-planar data is the ability to increase the Newcastness and the ability of the present invention from the human body. Therefore, GZT helps to separate the first type of signal generated by a certain object's reflected ride from the second type of signal generated by a certain target, such as the body's reflection. Knowledge of relative phase shift; therefore, in order to use CZT's information about amplitude and phase must be collected during the measurement phase. Therefore, a phase detector has been introduced, please refer to Figure 2. In fact, the two segments are composed of 'the segments with the same signal but offset from each other by 90. The one is fed in. This is a kind of 9〇. The phase difference detector needs to eliminate the ambiguity in the phase detector due to The single-segment facility repeats its value in different quadrants of the circle. Since only one frequency exists at a given time, the phase relative to the transmitter signal is preferentially measured. Priority is given to the phase of the cross-polarization return signal. Measurement, preferably in the implementation of the RF IF signal. Or, the phase measurement is carried out in the radio frequency (10) signal without any difference I, (10) to obtain the fine surface measurement _ and expensive. Lin Ren - method... The maturity of the face-to-face return signal is relative to the signal that is emitted. However, the 'existence-important' matter is the signal coherence that is transferred to the IF. So the coherent performance is preserved by the channel-returned wave-finished radio frequency 1? 22 1269884 provides a kind of reference fresh. This is best achieved by (10) transmitting and local seismic sampling of the ship's frequency to generate a reference frame of phase H. Because the _ delay of receiving the return wave is only a few nanometers due to the close proximity of the target. Seconds ((10)(10)d), so the noise is reduced to a minimum. The single-phase phase channel is used preferentially and is time-multiplexed to allow phase measurement for common-polarity and cross-polarity. The alternative method to generate a stable reference is to operate the RF IF at a stable oscillating device and synthesize the local oscillator and the transmitting stimulator using the RF positive reference. Cross-pole from the human sample The generalized description of the amplitude and phase response is shown in Figure W φ. This information is processed using complex chirp-z conversion. The waveform in Figure 1 can be defined as follows: S (/) = Afn(f) X Ac〇e ( 2πη+δα)) where: - amplitude response of the bandpass filter in the frequency domain = amplitude response of the cross-polarized returning wave in the frequency domain · / ''frequency' in gigahertz) VS, in the unit of 4^M4, (nanoseconds) Pw two δ (ί) = cross-polarized return wave in the frequency domain, the frequency of the frequency f is divided into segments or blocks (Μη3) The number of blocks (|^η3) "j^" can be any consistent value, from zero to an infinite number. 23 1269884 The data obtained by Tian Dawei consists of the amplitude and phase of the reflected signal at each frequency. Second, make /, useful, these values must be converted to a value that represents the magnitude of the amplitude as a function of time. The following are definitions of radar parameters: N = number of frequency samples for measurement; F~step = size of frequency class between samples; and total span of F-span = frequency (n χ convert frequency signal to time The standard method is converted into N time samples by using an Inverse Discrete Fourier Transfer (IDFT) 〇IDFT, lf N · The time samples formed from the time 〇, resolved by 1/F span The degree is evenly distributed to time = 1 / F_step. The biliary system is defined as: difficult (noisy k = 〇 _ _ _ rate sample _, ____ this.
“列而言，若n，8，且Μ”· 8 樣本，從_至_微秒各自相給出勝 個理由證明是不恰當 万去然而 都•但咖:與:：:：= 毫微秒)有興趣。其次，丨毫微秒的時間解反間片段(大 間量測，其為本發明所優先的。 一域出御 此二不拾當她觸輪為時域而得 24 1269884 決。線性漏-z轉換的操作原理和IDFT —樣，但是容許有能力對有興趣的 區域予以拉近加以彫主。前向(由時域轉成頻域)線性麵_z轉換係表示為： N-] Χ(^ = ^χ(η)Α~ηψίύ"For the column, if n, 8, and Μ"· 8 samples, from _ to _ microseconds, each of them gives a reason to win. It is not appropriate to go. However, but coffee: and::::= nano Second) interested. Secondly, 丨 nanosecond time reinterpretation fragment (large inter-measurement, which is the priority of the invention. One domain out of this two does not pick up when her wheel is the time domain and has 24 1269884. Linear leak-z The operation principle of the conversion is the same as IDFT, but it is allowed to have the ability to draw the area of interest to the main subject. The forward (from time domain to frequency domain) linear surface _z conversion system is expressed as: N-] Χ ( ^ = ^χ(η)Α~ηψίύ
n=Q 其中 Α = Α^2π〜 W = W0eJ2^ 而 ^ = 0，1，K，M-1 泱決定線性調頻-Z轉換開始的徑向範圍； 你決定線性調頻-Z轉換的，，螺旋因數”； θ°決定開始位置，以整個間隔的分數表示； 办決定步驟大小，以整個間隔的分數表示； #為輸入值（時間）的數目；而 · #為輸出值(頻率）的數目。 和用以上方私式並選擇巩，狄υ及I的恰當數值，則此轉換的間 隔和解析度即可選定。在本發明中，成和歸先設定為卜 以上方程式適用於前向(由時域轉成頻域)線性麵-Ζ轉換。線性調頻 ζ逆I換的心則是取解數據共輛複數轉換的共辆複數值。舉例而言， 若要以綱、养64，而計算時間從3〇毫微秒到㈣微 將會設f 〒的數值，則 队30/128 (開始時間除以總時間）而 25 1269884 办=(10/128)/64 (掃描時間除以洎時 f 一間再除以輸出樣本的數目） 該CWD系統的資料處理最好是包含以下步驟： 1·取得頻率大小與相位數值； 2·將數值細*加漢明窗（Hamming window); 3·將頻率大小與相位值轉變為實數與虛數值； 4· 取其複數的共輛數； 5· 執行線性調頻-Ζ轉換； 6· 將結果取其共輛》數；還有 7.將結果由實數與虛數轉變成幅度大小值。 以下的參考文獻在線性麵-Ζ轉換方面提供了詳細說明：“線性調頻—ζ 轉換之演算法及其應用程式(The Chirp-Z Transform Algorithm and its Applications)’’，羅賓爾等人(L· Rabiner，et al)，麻省理工學院林肯研 究室（MIT Lincoln Laboratory)，貝爾系統期刊（免"分对挪， May-June 1969，利用線性調頻-Ζ逆轉換作模擬雷達波之時域分析 the Inverse Chirp-Z Transform for Time Domain Analysis of Simulated Radar Signals)”，佛萊凱(Dean A· Frickey)，愛達荷國立工程研究室（Idah〇 National Engineering Laboratory); “計算離散傅立葉轉換之線性濾波方 >ir(Linear Filtering Approach to the Computation of Discrete Fourier Transform)”，布魯斯坦(L. Bluestein)，（GT&E)，電器電子工程師協會 26 1269884 音響與電子聲學會刊（趣斤麵的⑽⑽㈣ Electroacoustics)，December 1970 ； ^(Frederic 泌和），信號理論與處理(Sigmi The〇ry - pr〇cessing)。綠參考 文獻全體包含於此以供參考。 線性調頻-Z轉換優於快速傅立葉轉換(Fast F〇urier τ臟f〇rm)_ 份，主要是可以有非常精確的時間偏移數據其解析度達數十微微秒。這在 所產生相對於共極化回波的交又極化回波之空間位置上提供了相關資訊， 而有小於1 Μ的解析度。這依次提供㈣訊猶關於該交叉極化部分產 生於人體之喊是其_物體，賴或是在身體表面。以下所描述的神經 網路最好是·此資域為其作決定難的一部分。 為了要分離來自目標的二雷達回波，其係不同極性者，本發明之一優 先實施例利❹卜種具有雙饋人裝置的天線，其—為共極化者所用另一為 、'極化者所用’而使用二組分開的天線。第一組天線優先傳送水平極化 波並於相同極性接收（共極化）。第二組天線則僅於相反極性接收（交叉極化） 而不傳达。一般而言，這樣的雷達使用兩個接收頻道以便讓二接收信號保 持刀離或者，目前的裝置可將信號進行多工化，並使用-種微波切換開 關輪流將接收頻道聯接至各組天線，因而節省了第二個接收機的成本費 用此’省相當實在而重要。此一方法也能應用到為了每一極性使用一 分離饋入裝置的天線設計上。 時間多工化最好是由在接收器輸入端增加一組SP2T切換開關來達成， 而其母個輪人端係由各天線所饋人。所傳送的信號最好是—種脈衝突發波 27 1269884 城者。Q/u㈣，吨—獅隔㈣如1婦，其與單一脈衝者 鑛中/自鱗組中各信號的返回波被計算其平均值，以消除任何不在 "«出現的奇怪讀數使其無效。—個有3到5個脈衝 應用例而言算是恰當的。 ^於本 由1、里别速度相對於一個人體移動所需時間的考量，數據讀取可以各 種1 序马Π只要"'套辦最好能在小於1毫秒完齡可。魏允許該系 先又核取間早化的形式’因為共_極化與交叉極化的量測值是否在相同頻 率下所做_帽了，歧所桃__魏在某-鮮掃描時做 過然後交叉-極化量測值再在另一頻率掃描時做也將無所謂了。後面的方法 種極ί·生切換開關的使用，以選擇共-極化返回信號然後再選交叉-極化 回送信號’而且只使用一組接收機去測量二者…種相對較慢速的切換開 ^其切換日細在5〇至⑽毫微秒者，於是雜觀上。重辨最好大約 疋10 KHz者將可允許某一測量掃描在合理時間内完成。 -種權重函數最好刻於所賴各不_翻#料±。除了在時間零 %於雜至喊的交叉·極化信號财與在時間料於賴至時域的共-極 化信號幅度的差異之外，有其他片段資料也是有價值的。#如說，共-極化 與父又-極化回送信號的幅度與相位的值，其提供了關於在人身上金屬數量 (或是其他雷達反射材料)的某些暗示，即使是較高大的人產生的回送信號比 較矮小者大約大了 3 dB。然而，一個帶有炸彈的人可能比一個高大的人產 生大了許多的返回信號。此外，每次讀取數據經過眾多數頻率掃描，在大 約300毫秒的過程期Pa1，而最好是計算了平均值。安全的對象(沒有任何種 28 Ϊ269884 類的武益)在五個數(大的標準偏差)值的當中產生顯著變異，然而一個帶有 武為的人產生更縮緊4麵樣式。前面的情況可哺有5或更多册，然而 後面的所產生的-般來講小於3 dB。如此此—標準偏差量即為有價值的資 料。 本發明優綠派要點給-些這樣的參數，軸其他參數可能被用到。 弟-個優先的錄是共-極化返贿的幅度。它本身是—差_鑑別器但是 可以當做其他量啦的參考縣。#它雜值非fA暗利請此一主題有 總量的異常性射會祕點指絲此—絲。譬如魏料·極化的幅度值 大於-47 _，可能會被指、派三點；假若是大於一5〇 _，可能會被指派二 點；而假若是大於-55 dBm，則可能會被指派一點々位_是一種相對於 1先瓦的功率、、讀里度。第二個優先的參數是複數交叉·極化返回波的幅 度。譬如說’假若X-極的幅度大於—6〇 dBm，可能會被指派二點，而若是大 於-62翻，則可能會被指派—點。第三個優先的參數是共舰與複數交叉 挑返喊财之間縣異。譬減，假若縣異量小於5 dB，可能會被 才曰派四點，彳卩又㈣差異量小於8 dB，可能會被指派二點；而假若該差異量 小於10 dB ’射能會被指派—點。第四個優先的參數是交又·極化與共極 化信號之_日_轉。第五侧_參數是蚊舰波_卜形；轉換 U虎在才間上擴政彳讀大，則返碰成為此—物體上—些鴨反射器的機 率就愈馬。視這些參數測量值_雜朗檻值的情況喊，最好是各被 指派一些特點。 各個優先參_特點健後最好是加起來，而假如其總數大於某一任 29 1269884 意或統計決定的上限門檻值，就可宣告該位人士帶有武器或其他物體·，假 如其總數介於某一較低門檻值與較高門檻值之間，那就最好是提出一種警 告(亦即，重新測試），而假如其總數小於該較低門檻值，那就最好是宣告該 位人士是安全無虞的。最好是連續的兩則，，警告，，就能判定有武器或是物體。 對於目標人物最好是總共執行三次連續的”快照，，。該等快照最好是每隔 1/4秒拍-次。如此’一組”快照”最好是在3秒之内完成，而且在人物移 動通過受測Η時能在雛不_位置拍得。心可能麵—位置漏失未被 偵測到而在另一位置被侧到，因此這樣做更加有意義。或者，可以要求 目人物轉動某-角度量，譬如12〇度，而在每個位置讀取數值。或者， 可以將多個儀ϋ放置於不同位置而且最好從不同方向同時照射目標人物。 假如三次快照其中任何-次判定有武器存在，那麼最好就宣告有武器存 在。然而’也已發現到如綠連續三次快照點予以加總的話，對於做出判 定宣告結果的輪侧地增加。㈣擇者，_告财武器可依 據的準則為連續三次快照每次都有最小數目之特點。 7料贿的是-卿、統的人4作情形。被各個參數及 ^目關值賴化職派_独人卫方式指派私觀人為 達成1決定參數值所佔《蚊準確方法之下-個步驟，係细 慧或疋-種Μ朗技術，耐好是—種人路處理 ^ 用名為，，型態識別驗證平台”_的軟體，但是任蝴聊 使 該軟體程式開始自我訓練係經由輪人細數據加上應用。 計算峨似_嶋《，卩嶋刪=== 30 1269884 型目標樣本而言（例如，人），數據組準確性可達腦。該輸出結果為計算 機機器碼’儲存在將要貫際執行的電腦内。其内部電腦於是以-種，，不插手，， 的板式運作’以便於累積任何新數據時做出判定。應用於此處時結果令人 驚言牙，其已將删Μ度從人卫選擇觀的大纟請％改善取人工智慧方式 選擇權重的比98%更好。這是因為在發生失誤時神經網路能夠自我學習丨譬 如％，當有更多不同大小及形狀的人被測試過而有些並不符合現有型態時。 隨著研究工作的進展，有另外的準則被發展出來並精練得更完美。此 -發展的目標是能有-種被使用多天線(譬如3)的系統所守護的入口。如此 -種系統能讓某-物件被同時由多個不同視點檢查，或者最少在微秒之内 互相進彳τ。驗乡個視賴取數據於是能夠提供額外的參數明加所做判 定的堅實性。這可能包括i民意測驗行為，以改善錢制反射波之間 微小時間差料·極性之準確度，由於進—步指侧讀體賴财明顯大 小尺寸的物體。 -種描述本發明優先實施例運作的流程醜示於圖u中。 雖然本發明之優先實施例已經在偵測隱藏武器的前後文中有所描述， 本發明可麵作伽及/献她紐量的物體，包含但不歸外形清楚明 確的商品或是附掛在商品上當作存貨目錄控制和商店防竊系統的便宜小护 籤。本發明也可選擇併入自動門控制系統，例如—種包括自動開門、關門、 或上鎖的設備。本減也可_作為—種炸彈或職物姻裝置。並他物 體的摘測取決於欺哪部份㈣將為有問題的物體產生最大量資訊，而後 31 1269884 累積足夠數據以訓練人工神經網路 範例1 用來做偵側試驗的目標包括各種武器，包括一把.22 口徑手搶、一把袼 洛克(Glock)9mm半自動手搶、一支烏茲攻擊步搶，以及包含釘形榴散彈、 彈弓球以及無彈片偽裝炸藥包的各種恐怖份子麵炸彈。表2展列出根據 本發明使用9.5至1G· 7千祕(GHz⑽水平極魏照射，有關於各種武器 1數雜由前财向取之。此數據係糊12個㈣ 體土大小與體重的人體所取得，體重由議碎至220碎身高自5吸至6 吋不等。如表所干，★么 〇尺2 /、本糸統在116個安全實例中有115個是正確的只 次誤測，而對2们彳 產生1 固有武器的實例其偵測失誤為零。（表tNA代表不適用）n=Q where Α = Α^2π~ W = W0eJ2^ and ^ = 0,1,K,M-1 泱 determines the radial range at which the chirp-Z conversion begins; you decide the chirp-Z conversion, the spiral Factor θ° determines the starting position, expressed as a fraction of the entire interval; determines the step size, expressed as a fraction of the entire interval; # is the number of input values (time); and # is the number of output values (frequency). And the appropriate value for the above private selection and selection of Gong, Di, and I, then the interval and resolution of the conversion can be selected. In the present invention, the sum and the default are set to the above formula for the forward direction (by The time domain is converted into the frequency domain. The linear plane-Ζ transform. The chirp is the complex complex value of the complex vehicle. The time from 3 〇 nanoseconds to (four) will set the value of f ,, then the team 30/128 (start time divided by total time) and 25 1269884 = (10/128) / 64 (scan time divided by 洎f is divided by the number of output samples.) The data processing of the CWD system preferably includes the following steps: Frequency size and phase value; 2·The value is fine* plus Hamming window; 3.·Transform the frequency magnitude and phase value into real and imaginary values; 4· Take the number of common vehicles; 5· Perform linear FM-Ζ conversion; 6· Take the result of its total number of vehicles; and 7. Convert the result from real and imaginary numbers to magnitude values. The following references provide a detailed description of linear surface-to-turn conversion: “Linear The Chirp-Z Transform Algorithm and its Applications', L. Rabiner, et al, MIT Lincoln Laboratory ), Bell Systems Journal (Free "Point to Move, May-June 1969, Using the Chirp-Z Transform for Time Domain Analysis of Simulated Radar Signals), Dean A. Frickey, Idah National Engineering Laboratory; "Linear Filtering Approach to Calculate Discrete Fourier Transforms" The Computation of Discrete Fourier Transform)", L. Bluestein, (GT & E), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 26 1269884 Journal of Acoustics and Electroacoustics (1010 (10) (4) Electroacoustics, December 1970; ^ (Frederic He and), Signal Theory and Processing (Sigmi The〇ry - pr〇cessing). The Green Reference is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The chirp-Z conversion is superior to the fast Fourier transform (Fast F〇urier τ dirty f〇rm), which is mainly capable of having very accurate time-shifted data with a resolution of several tens of picoseconds. This provides information on the spatial position of the alternating polarized echoes generated relative to the co-polarized echoes, with a resolution of less than 1 。. This in turn provides (4) the fact that the cross-polarized part of the human body is shouted as its object, or on the surface of the body. The neural network described below is preferably a part of the difficulty of making this decision. In order to separate the two radar echoes from the target, which are of different polarities, one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is an antenna having a doubly-fed device, which is used by the co-polarizer, Use a two-component antenna. The first set of antennas preferentially transmit horizontally polarized waves and receive at the same polarity (co-polarization). The second set of antennas is only received in opposite polarity (cross-polarization) and not transmitted. In general, such radars use two receive channels to keep the two received signals off, or the current device can multiplex the signals and use a microwave switch to alternately connect the receive channels to the sets of antennas. Thus saving the cost of the second receiver is a very real and important province. This method can also be applied to antenna designs that use a separate feedthrough for each polarity. Time multiplexing is best achieved by adding a set of SP2T switches at the receiver input, and the parent wheel is fed by the antennas. The transmitted signal is preferably a pulse burst 27 1269884 city. Q/u (four), ton - lion septum (four) such as a woman, its return wave with each signal in the single pulse mine / self-scale group is calculated as an average to eliminate any strange readings that do not appear in "« . - There are 3 to 5 pulses that are appropriate for the application. ^ In this case, the speed of the movement is relative to the time required for a human body to move. The data can be read in a variety of ways. As long as the "' package is best, it can be less than 1 millisecond. Wei allowed the department to first check the form of premature aging. 'Because the measured values of co-polarization and cross-polarization are done at the same frequency, _cap is __wei in a certain-fresh scan It will not matter if you do the cross-polarization measurement and then scan it at another frequency. The latter method uses the use of a switch to select a co-polarized return signal and then select a cross-polarization return signal' and uses only one set of receivers to measure both... a relatively slow switching Open ^ its switching date is fine from 5〇 to (10) nanoseconds, so it is mixed. It is best to re-discriminate about K10 KHz to allow a measurement scan to be completed in a reasonable amount of time. - The kind of weight function is best engraved on the respective sources. In addition to the difference in the amplitude of the common-polarization signal in the time domain of the time-to-speech cross-polarization signal and the time-dependent domain, there are other pieces of data that are valuable. #如说, the value of the amplitude and phase of the co-polarization and the parent-polarized echo signal, which provides some hints about the amount of metal in the person (or other radar-reflecting material), even if it is taller The person who produces the echo signal is about 3 dB larger than the short one. However, a person with a bomb may generate a much larger return signal than a tall person. In addition, each time the data is read through a multiplicity of frequency sweeps, Pa1 is in the process period of approximately 300 milliseconds, and it is preferable to calculate the average. The safe object (without any kind of 28 Ϊ 269884 class of Wu Yi) produced significant variation among the five (large standard deviation) values, whereas a man with a martial art produced a more compact 4-sided pattern. The previous case can be fed with 5 or more volumes, however the latter produces - generally less than 3 dB. So – the standard deviation is a valuable piece of information. The highlights of the present invention give some of these parameters, and other parameters of the axis may be used. The younger-priority record is the extent of the total-polar rebate. It is itself a difference-discriminator but can be used as a reference county for other quantities. #其杂值非fA暗利 Please this topic has a total amount of abnormality shots will be pointed to the wire this silk. For example, if the magnitude of polarization is greater than -47 _, it may be assigned or sent three points; if it is greater than one 〇 _, it may be assigned two points; if it is greater than -55 dBm, it may be Assigning a bit of 々 is a power, read fluency relative to 1 watt. The second priority parameter is the amplitude of the complex cross-polarization return wave. For example, if the amplitude of the X-pole is greater than -6〇 dBm, two points may be assigned, and if it is greater than -62, it may be assigned. The third priority parameter is the difference between the common ship and the plural cross. If the county discrepancy is less than 5 dB, it may be sent to four points, and (4) the difference is less than 8 dB, which may be assigned two points; and if the difference is less than 10 dB, the shot energy will be Assignment - point. The fourth priority parameter is the _day_turn of the cross-polarization and common-polarization signals. The fifth side _ parameter is the mosquito ship wave _ _ shape; conversion U tiger in the talent room expansion of the reading, the return to become this - the object - some duck reflectors are more likely. Depending on the value of these parameter measurements, it is best to assign some characteristics to each. It is best to add the priority values of each priority parameter, and if the total number is greater than the upper limit threshold of a certain 29 1269884 intention or statistical decision, the person can be declared with weapons or other objects, if the total number is between Between a lower threshold and a higher threshold, it is better to propose a warning (ie, retest), and if the total is less than the lower threshold, then it is better to announce the person It is safe and sound. It is best to have two consecutive, warning, and you can determine that there are weapons or objects. It is best to perform a total of three consecutive "snapshots" for the target person. These snapshots are preferably taken every 1/4 second. Such a 'set of snapshots' is preferably completed within 3 seconds, and When the character moves through the tested cymbal, it can be shot at the position of the babies. The heart may face--the positional loss is not detected and is approached at the other position, so it makes more sense. Or, you can ask the person to turn A certain amount of angle, such as 12 degrees, is read at each position. Alternatively, multiple instruments can be placed in different positions and it is best to illuminate the target person simultaneously from different directions. If there is a weapon, then it is best to declare that there is a weapon. However, it has also been found that if the green is added to the snapshot point three times in a row, the wheel side will increase the result of the judgment. (4) Selector, _Finance weapon The criterion that can be based on is that the three consecutive snapshots have the minimum number of features each time. 7 The bribe is the case of the Qing and the unified person. It is assigned by each parameter and the value of the value of the Laihua _ Private person Into 1 determines the parameter value in the "acute method under the mosquito - a step, the system is fine or 疋 - kind of Μlang technology, good resistance is - kind of human processing ^ with name, type identification verification platform" _ Software, but let the software program start the self-training through the round of people's fine data plus application. The calculation is similar to _嶋,, 卩嶋 = === 30 1269884 type target sample (for example, human), the accuracy of the data set can reach the brain. The output is stored in the computer that will be executed continuously. The internal computer is operated in a kind of, and does not intervene, and the board operates to make judgments when accumulating any new data. When applied here, the result is shocking. It has removed the degree of deletion from the perspective of the choice of people and the number of people to improve the artificial intelligence method. The weight of choice is better than 98%. This is because the neural network is able to self-learn, such as %, when there are mistakes, when more people of different sizes and shapes have been tested and some do not conform to the current type. As the research progressed, additional guidelines were developed and refined to be more perfect. The goal of this development is to have an entry that is guarded by systems that use multiple antennas (such as 3). Such a system allows an object to be inspected by multiple different viewpoints at the same time, or at least within a microsecond. The home inspection depends on the data and can provide additional parameters to demonstrate the solidity of the decision. This may include i polling behavior to improve the accuracy of the minute time difference between the money-based reflected waves and the polarity, due to the fact that the side-by-side reading body is significantly smaller than the size of the object. A flow describing the operation of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure u. Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described in the context of detecting hidden weapons, the present invention can be used as an object that is affixed to/available, including but not a clearly defined item or attached to a product. A small, low-protection token for inventory control and store anti-theft systems. The invention may also optionally incorporate an automatic door control system, such as a device that includes automatic door opening, closing, or locking. This reduction can also be used as a type of bomb or a property. And the extraction of his object depends on which part of the bully (4) will produce the maximum amount of information for the problematic object, and then 31 1269884 accumulate enough data to train the artificial neural network. Example 1 The target used for the side-detection test includes various weapons. Includes a .22 caliber hand grab, a Glock 9mm semi-automatic hand grab, an Uz attack, and a variety of terrorist bombs containing spike-shaped shrapnel, slingshot balls, and no shrapnel camouflage packs. . Table 2 shows the use of 9.5 to 1G · 7 thousand secrets (GHz (10) level extremely Wei irradiation according to the present invention, there are a number of weapons related to a variety of weapons from the former financial direction. This data is a paste of 12 (four) body size and weight The body has obtained the weight from the broken to 220 pieces of height from 5 to 6 。. As shown in the table, ★ 〇 〇 2 /, this system in 115 safety examples, 115 are correct only False detection, and the detection of 1 inherent weapon for 2 其 其 detection error is zero. (Table tNA stands for not applicable)
32 1269884 、雖然本發明已轉職關於這補殊優先與替代實補作了詳細描 述其他實婦,|可能可以達成相同結果。在本發明有關技術領域具備普通 技藝者將可體認到，可能達成各種修改與提昇而不致偏離下述專利申請範 =的本讀關。本發明之鶴及敍對於熟隸賴技藝者顯得平淡無 。而打算將所有這些修改及其相等部分包含在内。以上所公開揭示的電 路兀件係打算絲教導讀者.優先與替代實施例者麟打算用來將發 7的境界或專利申請事範财所轉。雖舰㈣先實施例已經織 疋的硬體構型或是解特舰了重赌述，本發啊能彻各式各樣電路 元件或頻率範圍執行之。雖然已經特別強調在線性調頻_2轉換上而對特定 的信號處理方法及設備有所财，仍可能_各_ 學方法執行本發 明的替代實施例。以上所提及所有專似發行爺的全部揭示內容在_ 入當作參考資料。 【圖式簡單說明】 該等伴隨之®說’係包含於規格酬_成為其巾—部分；其以圖描 述本發些實關，並連同其文字綱，供作解釋本㈣之原理: 該等圖說僅供贿本發日_先實施例為目的，麵贿為_本發明。 於該等圖說中： 圖la以圖描述一種簡單波； 圖lb以圖描述一種垂直向極化偏振的簡單波； 圖lc以圖描述一種水平向極化偏振的簡單波； 圖2提供某一發射傳送與偵測檢波電路之方塊圖； 圖3描繪出某人攜帶手搶位於身體上不同位置； 33 1269884 圖4a以曲線圖顯示出手搶的雷達截面，以輸對頻率繪出反射能量 變化圖； 圖4b以曲線圖顯示出人體的帝、去# 的田達截面，以dBsm對頻率繪出反射能3： 變化圖； 圖5及圖6之曲線圖提供的資訊係關於當該人體受到2·即至& %千 兆赫(GHz)與7· G至10· 66千兆赫頻帶之無線電波照射的反射比； 圖7係本發明之方法的一種優先實施例之圖像表示。圖中右側二曲線 圖顯示出某-物體例如-種武器可能被偵測出，其係藉由比較兩組關於不 同極化的反射雷達波之波形在時域上幅度大小的差異而得。在上下二曲線 圖中，該二波形代表著反射_侧器的雷達波而經垂直向與水平向極化 偏振者， 圖8及圖9储際職設絲某—手搶細實驗時所產生的兩對時域 波形之繪出圖。在圖8中，該位人士未攜帶搶支；在圖9中，同樣的人攜 帶一把手搶，而該二曲線最大值之間的距離靠近了許多； 圖10係在本發明某一優先實施例中利用到的複合線性調頻—Z轉換之相 位及幅度響應的一般圖示；還有 圖11描述本發明某一優先實施例的操作系統流程圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 12····發射機 14····調幅器 18, 34, 40, 50, 7·.·.放大器 22····預選器 24,9〇····開關 13,11····聯結器 16, 22, 23, 42, 48, 8.···濾波器 20·. · ·接收開關 ^••••接到發射/接收天線 82----天線 34 1269884 26.. ..處理器 28.. ..發生器 44.. ..分配器 46, 65, 66....檢波器 54, 68, 70....變流器 30.. ..振盪器 32, 9....調整器 21.. ..射程閘控 52.. ..延伸器 64.. ..分割器32 1269884, although the invention has been transferred to this special priority and alternatives to make a detailed description of other real women, | may achieve the same result. Those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains will recognize that various modifications and enhancements may be made without departing from the following patent application. The crane and the syllabus of the present invention seem to be dull for those skilled in the art. It is intended to include all of these modifications and their equivalents. The circuit components disclosed above are intended to teach the reader. The preferred and alternative embodiments are intended to be used to transfer the realm of the patent or patent application. Although the ship's (four) first embodiment has been woven into a hard configuration or a special gambling on the ship, the present invention can be performed in a variety of circuit components or frequency ranges. While particular emphasis has been placed on the use of chirp-2 conversion for a particular signal processing method and apparatus, it is still possible to implement alternative embodiments of the present invention. All the disclosures of all the above-mentioned publications are referred to as references. [Simple description of the schema] These accompanying ® said that 'is included in the specification of the _ as its towel--parts; it describes the actual implementation of the text, together with its outline, for the explanation of the principle of this (four): The figure says that it is only for the purpose of bribery. For the purpose of the first embodiment, the bribe is the invention. In the figures: Figure la depicts a simple wave in a diagram; Figure lb depicts a simple wave with vertically polarized polarization; Figure lc depicts a simple wave with horizontal polarization polarization; Figure 2 provides a certain Block diagram of the transmit transmission and detection detection circuit; Figure 3 depicts a person carrying a hand to grab a different position on the body; 33 1269884 Figure 4a shows the radar cross section of the hand grab in a graph, plotting the reflected energy change at the input versus frequency Figure 4b shows the Tianda cross section of the human body and the ## in the graph, and the reflection energy 3: the change graph in dBsm versus frequency; the graphs in Figures 5 and 6 provide information about when the human body receives 2 The reflectance of radio wave illumination to the & % gigahertz (GHz) and 7·G to 10.66 gigahertz bands; Figure 7 is an image representation of a preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention. The two graphs on the right side of the figure show that an object, such as a weapon, may be detected by comparing the difference in amplitude between the two sets of reflected radar waves of different polarizations in the time domain. In the upper and lower two graphs, the two waveforms represent the radar waves of the reflection side and are vertically polarized and horizontally polarized, and the results of the experiment are shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 A plot of the two pairs of time domain waveforms. In FIG. 8, the person does not carry the grab; in FIG. 9, the same person carries a handle, and the distance between the maximum values of the two curves is close to a lot; FIG. 10 is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. A general illustration of the phase and amplitude response of a composite chirp-Z conversion utilized in the present; and FIG. 11 depicts a flowchart of an operating system in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. [Description of main component symbols] 12····Transmitter 14····Amplifier 18, 34, 40, 50, 7·.·.Amplifier 22····Preselector 24,9〇····Switch 13,11····Couplings 16, 22, 23, 42, 48, 8.···Filter 20·. · Receiving switch ^••••Connected to transmitting/receiving antenna 82----Antenna 34 1269884 26.. .. Processor 28... Generator 44.. .. Distributor 46, 65, 66.... Detector 54, 68, 70.... Converter 30.. Oscillator 32, 9.... adjuster 21... range gate control 52... extender 64.. .. splitter
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