1250286 五、發明說明（1) 【發明所屬之技術領域屬 本發月係有關於量測處 統，尤指一種利用一旦、目：：W電源^為耗狀怨之方法及系 消耗電功率對日取得—電壓調整器動作時之 -總消耗電功率、對日” u調整器與-處理器動作時之 兮、、肖耗雷：f 並利用該總消耗電功率對昭表愈 耗電功率之方 伃该處理裔只際動作時之實際消 【先前技術】 按，中央 CPU)主要負責 發出以電流訊 式’然後再根 實上是由程式 號的轉變與傳 會利用其内的 暫存器視為是 處理器套上不 中’約有十數 後的數值結果 中央處理器内 器外部包含機 通常會將中央 正確的傳輸速 簡稱 理器會 運算程 指令事 電流訊 ，首先 可以將 供中央 處理器 將運算 由於， 央處ί里 主機板 以碟立 處理器（Central Processing 電腦所有的運算，所以一開始 號所形成的命令，去抓取運算 據這些措令的内容去執行動作 所創造出來的，再由這些指令 遞，當中央處理器在進行内部 暫存器（Register)來進行運算 程式裡的變數處理機制，這些 同的數值以求得運算結果，而 個不同功能的暫存器可供使用 ’再外傳到記憶體或其他週邊 部的資料傳輸純屬電子傳輸， 械式的資料傳輸來得快許多， 處理器的外頻與工作頻率加以 度。 12502861250286 V. INSTRUCTIONS (1) [The technical field of the invention belongs to the system of measurement, especially the method of using once, the purpose of: W power supply is the method of consumption, and the power consumption is on the day. Acquired—when the voltage regulator operates—total power consumption, on the day u” adjusts the regulator and the processor, and consumes thunder: f and uses the total power consumption to calculate the power consumption of the meter. The actual elimination of the action only when the action is done [prior art], the central CPU) is mainly responsible for issuing the current signal 'and then the root is actually changed by the program number and the transmission is treated by the register in it. Is the processor set is not in the 'about ten number of values after the results of the central processor internal device contains the machine will usually be the center of the correct transmission speed referred to as the processor will process the program current, the first can be used for the central processor Because of the operation, the central office ί里 motherboard is the processor of the Central Processing computer (the operation of the Central Processing computer, so the order formed by the first number, to capture the contents of the operation according to these instructions The execution of the action is created by these instructions. When the central processor is running the internal register (Register) to perform the variable processing mechanism in the operation program, these same values are used to obtain the operation result, and a different function. The scratchpad can be used to transfer data to the memory or other peripherals. The data transmission is purely electronic, and the data transmission is much faster. The processor's FSB and operating frequency are increased. 1250286
五、發明說明（2) 於上述中的中央虛 快慢皆用頻率值來声的外頻與工作頻率，其速度的 震盪頻率則侖古二不’頻率值愈高，主機板的石英，其 加快，電腦t要改變便會愈快，則速度也跟著 器」，其利用雷法*丨f盪來自主機板上的「時脈產生 狀態進行改變，：英震盪來計算時間’並驅使電流 次’又因為電腦的運流訊號狀態就會改變-此，震盪勒也兩、卞考丨疋错由電流訊號狀態的傳輸，因 快。又，IS1」危“流訊號的改變就越快，電腦運作也就越 或是外部頻：：ΐ i等級的中央處理器，$管是工作頻率 供應給中央户理2沾率值越高，速度就越快。時脈產生器 (工作時朊、二/的頻率值，稱為中央處理器的工作頻率 值），告、 疋^供應給主機板上其他週邊元件的頻率 流作竿：俾Ϊ訊號進入中央處理器裡面後，會自動將該電 運數：而這才是中央處理器内部實際 外頻，每 電机訊被一開始傳送進來時的頻率，便是 送出去Γ、、、'，訊號要傳送出去時也會按照所定的外頻來傳 雷r ΐ L為提供中央處理器穩定的工作電壓，同時也對 ^ 時電壓的變化情況和時序作出了明確的要求，滿 萌=同中央處理器的要求，減少人工干預的複雜性，英特 t n^e 1)公司，專門為其所出產之中央處理器，制定電 [j 卽模組（Voltage Regulator Module，簡稱：VRM)的 電壓標準’主要作為主機板之直流轉直流轉換電路之控 制，以根據電壓調節模組制定的電源電路，簡化穩壓電路V. Description of the invention (2) In the above-mentioned central virtual fast and slow, the external frequency and the operating frequency of the sound are used. The oscillation frequency of the speed is the higher the frequency value of the Lugu 2, the quartz of the motherboard is accelerated. The faster the computer t will change, the faster the speed will follow." It uses the lightning method to change the state of the clock generation from the motherboard: the British shock to calculate the time and drive the current. And because the state of the computer's current signal will change - this, the shock is also two, the error is caused by the transmission of the current signal state, because of the fast, and the IS1 "critical" flow signal changes faster, the computer operates The more or the external frequency:: ΐ i level of the central processor, $ tube is the working frequency supply to the central household unit 2 the higher the rate value, the faster the speed. Clock generator (working time 朊, two / The frequency value, called the operating frequency value of the central processing unit, tells, 疋^ the frequency stream supplied to other peripheral components on the motherboard: 俾Ϊ After the signal enters the central processing unit, the number of the electric motor will be automatically : And this is the internal processor The FSB, the frequency at which each motor signal is transmitted at the beginning, is sent out Γ, ,, ', and the signal will be transmitted according to the specified FSB when the signal is transmitted. The working voltage, at the same time, also made clear requirements for the change of voltage and timing of the voltage, full Meng = with the requirements of the central processor, reducing the complexity of manual intervention, Intel tn^e 1) company, specifically for The central processor produced by the company, the voltage standard of the Voltage Regulator Module (VRM) is mainly used as the control of the DC-to-DC conversion circuit of the motherboard to the power supply circuit based on the voltage regulation module. , simplify the voltage regulator circuit
i250286_五、發明說明（3)I250286_5, invention description (3)
的 電 壓 控 制 設 計 9 又 9 電 壓 調 節 模 組 错 電 壓 到 中 央 處 理 器 1 可 令 中 央 處 理 器 產 率 0 據 上 所 述 J 在 整 個 電 腦 系 統 中 5 中 核 心 元 件 也 是 作 動 最 為 忙 碌 的 元 件 > 最 耗 電 之 元 件 因 此 9 如 果 中 央 處 理 器 定 5 造 成 中 央 處 理 器 之 消 耗 電 功 率 不 正 器 之 工 作 溫 度 異 常 9 將 會 降 低 中 央 處 理 重 時 還 可 能 造 成 當 機 因 此 5 如 何 確 保 的 電 壓 下 動 作 ， 並 確 實 地 掌 握 中 央 處 理 率 將 對 於 中 央 處 理 器 執行 效 率 有 相 當 電 腦 系 統 當 機 的 機 會 Ο 因 此 一 般 電 腦 產 品 製 造 商 之 熱 流 作頻 嚴 工程師 問題， 統之電 率與電 理器所 電路來 取得中 央處理 源供應 但 實際運 ，為能使其 通常需要量 源供應器所 壓調節模組 消耗之電功 測量流入中 央處理器所 器之消耗電 方式的設計 上述兩種方 作時所消耗 公司所製造的電腦系統，不 測電壓調節模組之消耗電功 貫際輸入電功率，嗣，將實 之消耗電功率相減後，用以 和電源設計 致發生前述 率及電腦系 際輸入電功 取得中央處 率’或是在電壓調節模組上加上一量測 央處理器的實際電流量及電壓值，用以 濟耗之實際電功率，再根據所取得之中 功率’進行電腦系統的散熱設計，或電 0 法’並無法很精準的量測到中央處理器 的電功率，且前述的第一種方法每量測The voltage control design 9 and 9 voltage regulation module wrong voltage to the central processor 1 can make the central processor yield 0 according to the above J. In the whole computer system 5 core components are also the most busy components to operate> The component of the electric device is therefore 9 if the central processing unit is set to 5, causing the central processor to consume the electric power. The operating temperature of the non-regulator is abnormal. 9 It will lower the central processing weight and may also cause the crash to operate under the voltage of 5, and surely grasp The central processing rate will have a considerable chance of a computer system crashing for the CPU's execution efficiency. Therefore, the general computer product manufacturer's heat flow is a frequent problem for engineers, and the power and the circuit are used to obtain the central processing source supply. Actually, in order to make it necessary to measure the electrical power consumed by the regulator module of the source and source supply into the center The power consumption mode of the device is designed to be the computer system manufactured by the company consumed by the above two methods. Except for the power consumption of the voltage regulation module, the electrical power is input continuously, and the actual power consumption is subtracted. In the case of the power supply design, the above rate and the computerized input power are obtained at the central rate' or the actual current and voltage values of the central controller are added to the voltage regulating module to be used for the actual consumption. The electric power, according to the obtained power 'for the heat dissipation design of the computer system, or the electric 0 method' can not accurately measure the electric power of the central processor, and the first method described above
J25〇286_ 五、發明說明（4) :次後，即進行一次計算，對工程師而 而第二種方法雖然不須要再進行任何：Ϊ 力費時 ，-人量測後進行記錄’仍是相當不便的，了，=須在 '貝1中央處理器的核心電壓的$ 節θ 可簡化量 -件刻不容缓的事。 “……測的時間，將是 【發明内容】 垂有鑑於前述之諸多缺失，發明人經過長久 貝驗，終於開發設計出本發明種「旦 力研九與 耗狀態之方法及李# S測處理器電源消 社合：t」，以期藉由本發明的提出，能豹料 社會大眾有所貢獻。 心® 此夠對 能夕月之目的，係提供一種量測處理器電源、、宙ϋ # 恶之方法，該方法係利用一旦制糸缔逢=^ f電源4耗狀 擬查# w - 里/貝糸、先建立該電路板之一卢 負栽早7G於不同工作電壓，爷雷 1 在動作時之喵鉍雪^ φ 下該電路板之一電壓調整器 .., 肩耗電功率對照表，及當該處理器插接邱/ > 接上該處理器時，剎田分旦、/ I k π播接口P在插 F jl ' “里測系統建立該處理器在不同實 際工作電壓下，該電壓調聲 貝 電功率對昭矣… 斋與處斋動作時之-總消耗 消耗電# I由經由比對該總消耗電功率對照表與該 = = ί各相對之同-電壓值下，各該總電功 下之實際消耗電功率。取付該處理“實際工作電麼 熊之ί t月2:目# ’係提供-種量測處理器電源消耗狀 ^ ’、、、 ，“ 1測系統係連接在一電路板上，其可取得該 電路板之一電壓調整器在動作時之消耗電功率對照表，及J25〇286_ V. Invention description (4): After the second, the calculation is performed for the engineer, but the second method does not need to do any more: the time-consuming and time-consuming recording after the measurement is still quite inconvenient. The, =, must be in the 'Bei 1 central processor's core voltage $ θ can simplify the amount - an urgent matter. "...the time of measurement will be [invention content] In view of the many shortcomings mentioned above, the inventor has finally developed and designed the method of the invention, "Denliyanjiu and the state of consumption" and Li#S test. The processor power consumption community: t", with the aim of the present invention, can contribute to the public. Heart® This is enough for the purpose of the eve of the moon, to provide a method for measuring the power supply of the processor, and the method of the ϋ ϋ , , , = = = ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ / Bellow, first establish one of the boards, Luneng planted 7G in different working voltages, and the main lightning voltage of the lei 1 in the action ^ φ under the voltage regulator of the board.., shoulder power consumption comparison Table, and when the processor is plugged in Qiu /> connected to the processor, the brake field, / I k π broadcast interface P in the plug F jl ' "test system to establish the processor at different actual working voltage Next, the voltage is tuned to the electric power of the 对 矣 斋 处 处 处 处 处 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎 扎The actual power consumption of each of the total electrical power. To pay for the treatment "actual work power? Xiongzhi ί t month 2: head # ' is provided - the type of measurement processor power consumption ^ ',,,, "1 test system Connected to a circuit board, which can obtain a power consumption comparison table of a voltage regulator of the circuit board during operation ,and
第8頁 1150286 五、發明說明（5) I Ϊ f理f插接部在插接上該處理器日寺，該量測系統將建 =处理裔在不同實際工作電壓下，該電壓調整器與處理 ^料作時之一總消耗電功率對照表，並可將該總消耗電功 表中^表之各電壓值之總電功率，減去該消耗電功率對照 6相對之同電壓值之消耗電功率，即可得到該處理 裔各貫際工^電壓下之實際消耗電功率。 功效為Ϊ:ϊ ί委員能對本發明之目的、技術特徵及其 詳細說明如下7之認識與瞭解’茲舉實施例配合圖式， 【實施方式】 本發明係一種量測處理器電源消 (及如2圖所示’該方法係運用；= ^ M ^ ^ 11 f ^ 稱：VRM),該處理器插接部2與電壓調哭0 u e，間^ 路板1所設之電路相連接在 ’透過該電 一洚、 向孩處理态插接部2設有 虛擬負載早TC4，該虛擬負載單元丧丨^又有 工作電壓之工*，俾利用一量 為模擬-處理器5 f/v取得該虛擬負载單元4虛擬該處理; 電壓牯，該電壓調整器3之消耗 、抑之各種工作 載單元4在不同工作電壓下，該電壓_黎，建立該虛擬負 電功率對照表7(如第3圖所示），又^為3動作時之消耗 在插接上該處後，可將該量測系=在器= IH1 第9頁 五、發明說明（6) 整态3與該處理器插接部2上，取得誃 菇5在實際工作時之總消耗電功率，I °周整态3與處理 ”際工作電-下，該電盧調整器理器5在不 總消耗電功率對照表8(如第4圖所示/、， 益5動作時之一 電功率對照表8之各電壓值之總電此將該總消耗 率對照表7中各相對之同一電虔值之;J ^去該消耗電功 到該；；;5/實際工作電…實際消】Π率即可得 處理器5之一工作電職，該量測系統=虛擬該 整器3上，以便量測該虛擬負載單=聯f :，调 該電壓調整器3動作時之電流值&同工作電壓下， 之電流值及電壓值，計算出；^電/敕值，以利用所取得 ，該虛擬負載^4於虛擬該處理器5之不同工作電 ^ ’再依上述步驟進行處理，用以建立該消耗電功率對 、_在該實施例中，當該處理器5在指定之一工作電壓， 進行工作後，該置測系統6將串聯在該電壓調整器3與處理 器插接部2間，以便量測該處理器5在不同實際工作電壓 下，該電壓調整器3與處理器5動作時之實際電流值及實際 電壓值，以利用所取得之實際電流值及實際電壓值，計算 出該電壓調整器3與處理器5在實際工作時之總消耗電功 率’嗣’該處理器5在指定之另一工作電壓，進行工作 後’該里測糸統6將依上述步驟進行處理，以建立該處理 器5在不同實際工作電壓下，該電壓調整器3與處理器5動 ι、發明說明（7) 作時之總消耗電功率對照表8。 ^在本發明中，該確認處理器電源消耗狀態之量測系統 6係包括一電源供應模組6 〇、一切換開關6丨、一量測電路 6 2及一主機6 3，其中該電源供應模組6 〇係分別與該電路板 1及該虛擬負載單元4相接，令該電路板1上所設之電子元 件了正吊工作，及令該虛擬負載單元4產生虛擬工作電 壓’該切換開關61則與該虛擬負載單元4相連接，令該切 換開關61被切換後，該虛擬負載單元4可產生不同的虛擬 工作電壓，而該主機63係與該切換開關61及該量測電路62 =接，令該切換開關6 1接收該主機63之命令後，並根據該 :二，行切換動作，及該主機63可令該量測電路62串聯在 忒電壓調整器3上，或該主機6 3可令該量測電路62串聯在 該電壓調整器3與處理器插接部2間，並可接收到該量測電 路62所測得之電壓調整器3動作時之電流值及電壓值，建 〜該/肖耗電功率對照表7，及可接收到該量測電路6 2所測 =之電壓調整器3與處理器5動作時之實際電流值及實際電 ^值，建立該總消耗電功率對照表8，使得該主機63可根 二ί、心f耗電功率對照表8及消耗電功率對照表7，計算出 咸=理态5之實際消耗電功率，並在該主機63所設之一顯 示器630顯示出來。 以電路板！（如：主機板）實際工作狀態而言，該處理 ^ 際*工作時，無論在執行何種程式或軟體，係可被設 作頻率、巾速I作頻率及低速王作頻率等，而 使以處理窃5在各種工作電壓（如：12v、5V或3·3ν)下工 1250286 五、發明說明（8) 2二U ΐ上述方法’便可輕易的量測到該處理器之 Λ際4耗電功率’並可達到下列幾項優點： 之 (1) ，化£ ’則處理器5之電壓（ν c 〇 r e)之流程； (2) 節省人工量測處理器5消耗電功的時間； 可路板1之電壓調整器，其電路不必被修改，即 了里測到該處理器5之實際消耗電功率； 時間⑷利用該量測系統6及自動量測流程，將可縮短量測 ^ ( 5 )該/去可用在電腦剛被啟動，且在執行測試程# 時，進行該處^器之實際消耗電功率之量測。 序 此外，該篁測系統6量測到實際 可經過實驗獲得一補償佶田丨、,$ _ * ,,^ 補彳貝值，用以補償其它電子元件所消耗 的”率(如.量測電路所消耗之電功率），令該方法二； 測之貫際消耗電功率之數索， 里 你 ^ ,ai m 數據 、、&由加入該補償值進行計算 後，可S測到更精準之實際消耗電功率。 太J :僅為本發明最佳之-具體實施例，惟 太：日之二铽並不侷限於此，任何熟悉該項技藝者在 本發明領域内，可輕易田芬夕戀^ . 在 下本案之專利範圍。及之㈠匕或修飾，皆可涵蓋在以Page 8 1150286 V. Invention Description (5) I Ϊ f f f plug-in part is plugged in the processor Riji, the measurement system will be built = the treatment of the people at different actual working voltages, the voltage regulator and The total electric power consumption comparison table of one of the processing materials is processed, and the total electric power of each voltage value of the total consumption electric power meter is subtracted from the electric power consumption of the same electric voltage value of the electric power consumption, that is, The actual power consumption of the process is obtained. Efficacy is: 委员 ί 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委 委As shown in Fig. 2, the method is used; = ^ M ^ ^ 11 f ^ is called: VRM), the processor plug-in part 2 is connected to the voltage setting, and the circuit provided by the circuit board 1 is connected. 'Through the power, the virtual plug-in unit 2 is provided with a virtual load early TC4, the virtual load unit is smashed ^ and there is a work voltage*, and a quantity is used as an analog-processor 5 f/v Obtaining the virtual load unit 4 to virtualize the processing; voltage 牯, the consumption of the voltage regulator 3, and suppressing the various working load units 4 at different operating voltages, the voltage _, establishing the virtual negative power comparison table 7 (such as 3)), after the operation of the 3 action is inserted on the plug, the measurement system = the device = IH1 page 9 fifth, the invention description (6) the whole state 3 and the processor On the plug-in part 2, the total power consumption of the mushroom 5 in actual operation is obtained, and the I-week state 3 is processed and the "interaction" is performed. - Next, the battery controller 5 does not consume the total power in comparison with Table 8 (as shown in Figure 4, /, the benefit of 5, one of the electric power of the total voltage of the table 8 The consumption rate is compared with the same electric enthalpy value in Table 7; J ^ to the consuming electric power to the;;; 5 / actual working electricity ... actual elimination Π rate can get one of the processor 5 working power, The measuring system=virtualize the whole device 3, so as to measure the virtual load list==f:, adjust the current value of the voltage regulator 3 when operating, and the current value and voltage value under the working voltage, calculate The power/depreciation value is obtained by using the virtual load ^4 to virtualize the different working powers of the processor 5, and then processing according to the above steps to establish the power consumption power pair, _ in this embodiment When the processor 5 is operating at a specified operating voltage, the sensing system 6 is connected in series between the voltage regulator 3 and the processor plug 2 to measure the processor 5 in different realities. The actual current value and the actual voltage value of the voltage regulator 3 and the processor 5 when operating voltage are Using the actual current value and the actual voltage value obtained, the total power consumption of the voltage regulator 3 and the processor 5 during actual operation is calculated, 'the processor 5 is operating at another specified operating voltage'. The measurement system 6 will be processed according to the above steps to establish the total power consumption of the processor 5 under different actual operating voltages, the voltage regulator 3 and the processor 5, and the invention (7). In the present invention, the measurement system 6 for confirming the power consumption state of the processor includes a power supply module 6 , a switch 6 , a measurement circuit 62 , and a host 6 3 . The power supply module 6 is respectively connected to the circuit board 1 and the virtual load unit 4, so that the electronic components disposed on the circuit board 1 are hoisted, and the virtual load unit 4 generates a virtual working voltage. 'The switch 61 is connected to the virtual load unit 4, and after the switch 61 is switched, the virtual load unit 4 can generate different virtual working voltages, and the host 63 and the switch 61 and the amount Measuring circuit 62 = connected, after the switch 6 1 receives the command of the host 63, and according to the second: line switching action, and the host 63 can cause the measuring circuit 62 to be connected in series to the voltage regulator 3, or The main circuit 63 can connect the measuring circuit 62 between the voltage regulator 3 and the processor plug 2, and can receive the current value and voltage when the voltage regulator 3 is measured by the measuring circuit 62. The value, the built-up/the wattage power consumption comparison table 7, and the actual current value and the actual voltage value when the voltage regulator 3 and the processor 5 measured by the measuring circuit 62 are controlled are established. The total power consumption is compared with Table 8, so that the host 63 can calculate the actual power consumption of the salt=state 5 and compare it with the power consumption table 8 and the power consumption comparison table 7. One of the displays 630 is displayed. Take the board! (eg, motherboard) In terms of actual working status, no matter which program or software is being executed, it can be set as frequency, towel speed I, frequency and low speed king frequency. In order to deal with theft 5 in various working voltages (such as: 12v, 5V or 3·3ν) work 1250286 V, invention description (8) 2 2 U ΐ the above method 'can easily measure the end of the processor 4 The power consumption 'can achieve the following advantages: (1), the process of 'the voltage of the processor 5 (ν c 〇re); (2) save the time of the manual measurement processor 5 consumes power The voltage regulator of the circuit board 1 does not have to be modified, that is, the actual power consumption of the processor 5 is measured; time (4) using the measurement system 6 and the automatic measurement process, the measurement can be shortened. (5) The / can be used when the computer has just been started, and when the test program # is executed, the actual power consumption of the device is measured. In addition, the measurement system 6 can actually obtain a compensation for the compensation of 佶田丨,, $ _ * , , ^ ^ 彳 彳 to compensate for the rate consumed by other electronic components (such as measurement The electric power consumed by the circuit), let the method 2; measure the number of electric power consumed continuously, in your ^, ai m data, & by adding the compensation value to calculate, you can measure the actual accuracy Electrical power consumption. J: It is only the best of the present invention - the specific embodiment, but only: the second is not limited to this, any person familiar with the art in the field of the invention can easily Tianfen love ^ The scope of the patent in this case, and (a) 匕 or modification, may be covered by
第12頁 1250286 圖式簡單說明 【圖式說明】 圖， 圖； 率對照表； 功率對照表。 第1圖係本發明之架構示意 第2圖係本發明之動作流程 第3圖係本發明之消耗電功 第4圖係本發明之總消耗電 【主要元件符號說明】 電路板.....................1 電壓調整器...............3 處理器……...............5 電源供應模組............60 量測電路..................62 顯示器.............. 630 處理器插接部.........2 虛擬負載早元.........4 量測系統...............6 切換開關...............61 主機.....................63 消耗電功率對照表…7 總消耗電功率對照表…8Page 12 1250286 Schematic description of the schema [schematic description] diagram, graph; rate comparison table; power comparison table. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the power consumption of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the total power consumption of the present invention. .................1 Voltage regulator...............3 processor............... ......5 Power Supply Module............60 Measurement Circuit..................62 Display... ........... 630 Processor Plug-in.........2 Virtual Load Early Element.........4 Measurement System... .........6 switch...............61 host........................ 63 Power Consumption Comparison Table...7 Total Power Consumption Comparison Table...8
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