1245840 玫、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 擎内ί發Γ係、關於—種共用襯套結構，尤指—種適用於引 單円十仃轉軸之共用襯套結構。 5 10 15 【先前技術】 往往般機車之設計而言，其噪音以及震動等問題係 商’而為解決前述之問題，廠商們亦提出許 請同時參閱圖Η系習知機車引擎曲轴箱之側視圖、及 圖]係圖m_n之剖面圖，其中顯示有—習知機車引擎之曲 軸相91 ’且於此曲轴箱91内平行配置有-曲柄軸92、及一 =衡軸93 ’其二者之間係直接連動，請注意，前述之曲柄 季92之二端係分別套設有軸承95,97，I於軸承95,97外再 为別套設有共用襯套94,96。 圖1可見上述之共用襯套94,96，其係採栓槽形狀設 §，亦即於其外緣凹設有三㈣位槽941係作為固定於銘製 曲^91之定位用’且共用觀套94,96係以較具剛性之鑄鐵 所製造。 ^然而，上述之共用襯套94,96係僅套設曲柄軸92上並僅 持其各自之疋位，當曲柄軸92與平衡軸93彼此嚙合轉動 %間-久，曲柄軸92與平衡軸93之間並無法保持彼此之平 行度及原先二軸間之距離而會產生振動，進而產生哗立等 問題。此外，上述之共用襯套94,96為配合其定位作二必 Ϊ245840 :頁先行加工出上述複數個定位槽941，對製 =不=。另外，由於共用襯套94,96係僅套設於曲柄轴％ 軸承95,97上，而平衡軸93之軸承98,99並未套設丑用觀 套，僅直接套設紹製曲軸箱殼體中凹設之轴承孔内，备曲 :轴92與平衡軸93連動運轉較為長久之後，㈣曲轴^殼 =内之軸承95,97與共用襯套94,96亦容易產生鬆脫之現 L而且平衡㈣上之軸承98,99㈣未套設制襯套而容 易產生脫離，並非十分理想。 10【發明内容】 本發明係提供-種引擎内平行轉轴之共用概套結 構，其係組設於-引擎内，且此引擎包括有一殼體，於此 殼體内並組裝有至少二平行轉軸，而前述之至少二平行轉 軸係彼此平行配置並彼此連動傳動，且每一轉軸之二端至 15少其中之一端套設有一軸承。 此外，本發明之共用襯套結構主要包括有至少一共用 襯套，其係固設於上述引擎之殼體内，且此至少一共用襯 $並=設有至少二軸承孔，此至少二軸承孔係彼此相鄰並 分別容設有上述對應之至少二平行轉軸之至少二軸承，而 20且刚述之至少二軸承則係位於至少二平行轉軸之同一端。 由上述可知，本發明係於一共用襯套上直接開設有二 軸承孔，此二軸承孔可容設位於二平行轉軸之同一端之軸 承，如此可保持二平行轉軸之間之平衡、及二平行轉軸之 間之距離，當二平行轉軸於運轉時，不致於其二者之間產 1245840 生偏擺而造成不平衡力的發生，亦即可保持二平行轉軸之 間之平行度、及二平行轉軸之間之距離，使其二者於運轉 過程中仍可維持良好之連動，進而可減少其震動或者噪音 之產生。 5 、$夕卜，直接於共用有見套上開設至少二軸承孔之設計方 式，即可達成二平行轉軸之間之定位、及共用觀套與殼體 之間之定位，如此可簡化共用襯套之製造程序以及降低成 本，同時，直接將共用襯套之軸承孔容設於平行轉軸之軸 承上，亦可減少其與軸承鬆脫之機會。 1〇 上述之共用襯套可使用與平行轉軸之軸承相近之金 屬材質，且共用襯套可以一體成形之方式設計並呈片狀: 並可將其套設於平行轉軸之軸承上，如此可使共用襯套與 平行榦軸之軸承之間具有相近之熱膨脹係數，當二平行轉 軸於運轉日寸，共用襯套因熱漲冷縮所產生之變形量可同步 15匹配一平仃轉軸之軸承因熱漲冷縮所產生之變形量，亦即 可藉以減少在高溫下因溫度所產生之變形量，進而可有效 改善引擎之震動、噪音等問題。 【實施方式】 2〇 #參閱圖3係本發明第-較佳實施例之側視圖，其中 顯不有引擎，且此引擎包括有一殼體1〇，於本實施例中， 刖述之叙體10係指引擎之曲軸箱卜且於曲軸箱丨内容設有 二平行轉轴11，12。 1245840 請同時參閱圖3、及圖4係圖3IV-IV之剖面圖，上面所 述之二平行轉軸^，^其中之一為曲柄軸、另一則為平衡 軸，且其二者係分別由鋼鐵之金屬材質所製成，因此具有 一相近之熱膨脹係數，且二平行轉軸u，122間係彼此平行 5配置並彼此直接連動傳動，並且於每一平行轉軸丨丨，^之二 端分別套設有一軸承m，112，121，122，於本實施例中，前 述每一平行轉軸11，12之二端所套設之軸承 111，112，121，122係皆使用由金屬材質所製成之滾珠軸承。 此外，於上述機車引擎之殼體1〇内係固設有二共用襯 10套2,3，此二共用襯套2,3係分別開設有二軸承孔21，22，且 此二軸承孔21，22係彼此相鄰並分別容設有上述對應之二 平灯轉軸11，12其位於同一端之軸承111，112，121，122。 請注意，上述之共用襯套2,3係分別為一體成形並呈片 狀，且其同樣以鋼鐵之金屬材質所製成，因此呈有與二平 行轉軸n，12、及金屬軸承⑴，112，121，122相近之熱膨旧系 數。 口此田曲柄軸、平衡軸等二平行轉軸丨丨，丨2開始運轉 後，其二者之間之平衡、及二者之間之距離可受到二共用 襯套2,3之維持’亦即二平行轉軸u，l2於運轉過程中所產 2〇生之偏擺及其所造成之不平衡力可有效被二共用概套2,3 所支持，且二共用襯套2,3可有效維持二平行轉轴丄^之 間之平行度、及二平行轉仙，12之間之距離，使盆二’者於 運轉過程中仍可維持與初始狀態般良好之連動，進而可減 少其震動或者噪音之產生。 1245840 此外，直接於一體成形之共用襯套2,3上開設軸承孔 21，22之設計方式，可有效達成二平行轉軸1丨，12之間之定 位、及共用襯套2,3與殼體1〇之曲軸箱1之間之定位，如此 可簡化共用襯套2,3之製造程序以及降低成本，同時，直接 5將共用襯套之軸承孔21，22容設於二平行轉軸11，12之軸 承 111，112，121，122上，亦可減少其與軸承111，112，121，122 鬆脫之機會。 另外’共用襯套2,3具有與平行轉軸ιι，ΐ2及軸承 UU12，121，122相近之熱膨脹係數，當二平行轉軸η，12κ 10運轉時，共用襯套2,3因熱漲冷縮所產生之變形量可同步匹 配一平行轉軸11，12及軸承111，112，121，122因熱漲冷縮所 ^生之變形量而可彼此吸收，亦即可藉以減少在高溫下因 脱f所產生之變形量，進而可有效改善引擎震動、噪音等1245840 Rose, description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The engine is a type of common bushing structure, especially a common bushing structure suitable for a single shaft. 5 10 15 [Previous technology] In terms of general locomotive design, its noise and vibration are the problems of the supplier. In order to solve the aforementioned problems, the manufacturers also proposed to refer to the side of the crankcase of the conventional locomotive engine. (View and diagram) is a cross-sectional view of m_n, which shows—the crankshaft phase 91 ′ of the conventional locomotive engine, and in this crankcase 91 are arranged in parallel-a crank shaft 92 and a = balance shaft 93 ' There is a direct linkage between them. Please note that the two ends of the aforementioned crank quarter 92 are respectively sleeved with bearings 95,97, and I are provided with a common sleeve 94,96 outside the bearings 95,97. Figure 1 shows the common bushings 94 and 96 described above, which are provided with a bolt groove shape §, that is, a three groove groove 941 is recessed on the outer edge of the bushing 941 as a positioning fixed to the inscription ^ 91. The sleeves 94,96 are made of relatively rigid cast iron. ^ However, the common bushings 94 and 96 described above are only sleeved on the crank shaft 92 and only hold their respective positions. When the crank shaft 92 and the balance shaft 93 mesh with each other and rotate for a long period of time, the crank shaft 92 and the balance shaft The 93 cannot maintain the parallelism with each other and the distance between the original two axes, which will cause vibration, which will cause problems such as standing. In addition, the above-mentioned common bushings 94 and 96 are necessary to match their positioning. Ϊ 245840: The above-mentioned plurality of positioning grooves 941 are processed first, and the matching = not =. In addition, because the common bushings 94 and 96 are only mounted on the crankshaft% bearings 95 and 97, and the bearings 98 and 99 of the balance shaft 93 are not fitted with ugly sleeves, they are only directly mounted on the crankcase housing In the bearing hole recessed in the body, prepare the song: After the shaft 92 and the balance shaft 93 are linked for a long time, the crankshaft ^ shell = the inner bearing 95,97 and the common bushing 94,96 are also prone to loosening. In addition, the bearings 98,99 on the balance cymbals are not easy to be detached without bushings, which is not ideal. [Summary of the Invention] The present invention provides a common profile structure for parallel shafts in an engine, which is arranged in the engine, and the engine includes a casing, and at least two parallels are assembled in the casing. A rotating shaft, and the aforementioned at least two parallel rotating shaft systems are arranged in parallel with each other and are driven in conjunction with each other, and a bearing is sleeved on one of two ends to at least one end of each rotating shaft. In addition, the common bushing structure of the present invention mainly includes at least one common bushing, which is fixedly disposed in the casing of the engine, and the at least one common bushing is provided with at least two bearing holes and the at least two bearings. The holes are adjacent to each other and respectively accommodate the at least two bearings of the corresponding at least two parallel rotating shafts, and the at least two bearings of 20 and just mentioned are located at the same end of the at least two parallel rotating shafts. It can be known from the above that the present invention is directly provided with two bearing holes on a common bushing. The two bearing holes can accommodate bearings located on the same end of the two parallel rotating shafts, so that the balance between the two parallel rotating shafts can be maintained, and two The distance between the parallel rotating shafts, when the two parallel rotating shafts are in operation, it will not cause the 1245840 deflection between them to cause an unbalanced force. It can also maintain the parallelism between the two parallel rotating shafts, and two The distance between the parallel rotating shafts allows them to maintain a good linkage during operation, which can reduce the occurrence of vibration or noise. 5. The design method of opening at least two bearing holes directly on the shared sight sleeve can achieve the positioning between the two parallel rotating shafts and the positioning between the shared viewing sleeve and the housing, which can simplify the common lining. The manufacturing process of the sleeve and the reduction of cost. At the same time, the bearing hole of the common bush is directly accommodated on the bearing of the parallel shaft, which can also reduce the chance of loosening from the bearing. 10 The above-mentioned common bushing can be made of a metal material similar to the bearing of the parallel shaft, and the common bushing can be designed in an integrated manner and formed into a sheet shape: it can be sleeved on the bearing of the parallel shaft, so that it can make There is a similar thermal expansion coefficient between the common bushing and the bearing of the parallel dry shaft. When two parallel rotating shafts are in operation, the deformation of the common bushing due to thermal expansion and contraction can be synchronized 15 to match the bearing of a flat shaft due to heat. The amount of deformation caused by expansion and contraction can also reduce the amount of deformation caused by temperature at high temperatures, and can effectively improve the problems of engine vibration and noise. [Embodiment] 2〇 # Refer to FIG. 3 is a side view of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which there is no engine, and this engine includes a casing 10, in this embodiment, the narrative described 10 refers to the crankcase of the engine and two parallel rotating shafts 11 and 12 are arranged in the crankcase. 1245840 Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 for the cross-sections of Figures 3IV-IV. The two parallel rotation shafts mentioned above ^, one of which is a crank shaft and the other is a balance shaft, and the two are made of steel. It is made of metal material, so it has a similar thermal expansion coefficient, and the two parallel rotating shafts u, 122 are arranged in parallel with each other 5 and directly linked to each other, and are set on the two ends of each parallel rotating shaft There is a bearing m, 112, 121, 122. In this embodiment, the bearings 111, 112, 121, 122 mounted on the two ends of each of the parallel rotating shafts 11 and 12 use balls made of metal materials. Bearings. In addition, two sets of common bushings 10, 2, 3 are fixedly installed in the casing 10 of the locomotive engine, and the two common bushings 2, 3 are respectively provided with two bearing holes 21, 22, and the two bearing holes 21 22 are adjacent to each other and respectively accommodate the above-mentioned corresponding two flat lamp rotating shafts 11, 12 and bearings 111, 112, 121, 122 at the same end. Please note that the above-mentioned common bushings 2, 3 are integrally formed and sheet-shaped, and they are also made of metal material of steel, so they have two parallel rotation axes n, 12, and metal bearings ⑴, 112. , 121,122 have similar thermal expansion coefficients. The two parallel rotating shafts such as the crank shaft and the balance shaft of this field 丨 丨, 丨 2 after the start of operation, the balance between the two and the distance between the two can be maintained by the two common bushings 2, 3, that is, The two parallel rotating shafts u, l2 produced the 20-year skew and its unbalanced force during operation can be effectively supported by the two common profiles 2,3, and the two common bushes 2,3 can effectively maintain The parallelism between the two parallel rotation axes 丄 ^, and the distance between the two parallel rotations, and the distance between the two, so that the two can still maintain a good linkage with the initial state during the operation, thereby reducing its vibration or The generation of noise. 1245840 In addition, the design of bearing holes 21, 22 directly on the integrally formed common bushings 2, 3 can effectively achieve the positioning between the two parallel shafts 1 丨, 12 and the common bushings 2, 3 and the housing. The positioning between the crankcases 1 of 10 can simplify the manufacturing process of the common bushings 2 and 3 and reduce costs. At the same time, the bearing holes 21 and 22 of the common bushings are directly accommodated in the two parallel rotating shafts 11 and 12 The bearings 111, 112, 121, and 122 can also reduce the chance of being loosened from the bearings 111, 112, 121, and 122. In addition, the common bushings 2, 3 have thermal expansion coefficients similar to those of the parallel shafts ι, ΐ2 and bearings UU12, 121, 122. When the two parallel shafts η, 12κ 10 operate, the common bushings 2, 3 are subject to thermal expansion and contraction. The amount of deformation generated can be matched to a parallel rotating shaft 11, 12 and the bearings 111, 112, 121, 122 due to thermal expansion and contraction and can be absorbed by each other, which can reduce the effect of deflection at high temperatures. The amount of deformation generated, which can effectively improve engine vibration, noise, etc.
1D 明多】圖5係本發明第二較佳實施例之側視圖，其 要、、“冓白與上述第-較佳實施例相同，唯差別在於本每 例中係顯示有-引擎之變速箱5，且於此變: ，其中，一個平行轉轴41為驅二 仃轉軸42為中間轴、一個平行轉軸43則為輸出軸 之間係達成力量之傳動作用，且驅 間係採所謂之間接連動值叙&孕1、輸出軸: 間軸傳山即駆動軸之力量可經由1 件，偏 而輸出軸則再將動力傳輸至-外部； 件例如機車之後輪。 卜 20 1245840 、此外，同樣地，於上述三個平行轉軸41，42,43之兩端 分別套設有一共用襯套6，此共用襯套6包括有三個軸承孔 ,62,63其係刀別谷设有前述三個平行轉軸* 1,42,43，夢 由如此之设計，亦可保持三個平行轉軸4丨，42,43之間之平 行度、及三個平行轉軸41，42,43之間之距離，使其三者於 運轉過程中亦不至於產生震動、噪音等問題，亦即本實施 例所述之結構亦可達成上述第一較佳實施例所述之各種功 效，且共用襯套6亦可視使用場合而改變其軸承孔61 62 63 之數量。 ’ ’ 10 15 請參閱圖6係本發明第三較佳實施例之側視圖，盆主 要結構皆與上述第二較佳實施例相同，於本實施例中;、同 樣匕括有引擎之變速箱7，且於此變速箱7内容設有三個 平打轉軸731，732,733，並同樣以共用襯套72之三個軸承孔 721，722,723而保持前述三個平行轉軸731，732,733之間之 平行度、及三個平行轉軸731，732,733之間之距離。 請參閱圖7係本發明第四較佳實施例之側視圖，其主 要'、、口構白與上述第二、第三較佳實施例相同，於本實施例 中同樣〇括有引擎之變速箱76，且於此變速箱76内容 設有四個平行㈣74丨，742,743，744，並_以共用襯套75 之四個軸承孔751，752,753,754而保持前述四個平行轉軸 741’742,743,744之間之平行度、及四個平行轉軸 741，742,743,744 之間之距離。 請參閱圖8係本發明第五較佳實施例之側視圖，豆主 要結構皆與上述第二、第三較佳實施例相同，於本實施例 20 1245840 2，同樣包括有一引擎之變速箱77，且於此變速箱77内容-设有三個平行轉軸781，782,783，並同樣以共用襯套79之三 個軸承孔791，792,793而保持前述三個平行轉軸 781，782,783之間之平行度、及三個平行轉軸781，782,783之 5 間之距離。 ’ 上述實施例僅係為了方便說明而舉例而已，本發明所 主張之權利範圍自應以申請專利範圍所述為準，而非僅限 於上述實施例。 10【圖式簡單說明】 圖1係習知機車引擎曲軸箱之側視圖。 圖2係圖1ΙΙ-Π之剖面圖。 圖3係本發明第一較佳實施例之側視圖。 圖4係圖3IV-IV之剖面圖。 15圖5係本發明第二較佳實施例之側視圖。 圖6係本發明第三較佳實施例之側視圖。 圖7係本發明第四較佳實施例之側視圖。 圖8係本發明第五較佳實施例之側視圖。 20【圖號說明】 曲軸箱1，91 殼體1〇 曲柄軸92 平衡軸93 平行轉轴 11，12,41，42,43, 731，732,733,741，742,743,744 平行轉軸781，782,783 軸承 111，112，121，122,95,97,98,99 11 1245840 共用襯套 2,3,6,72,75,79,94,96 軸承孔 21，22,61，62,63, 721，722,723,751，752,753,754 軸承孔 791，792,793 變速箱5,7,76,771D Mindo] FIG. 5 is a side view of the second preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is similar to the above-mentioned first preferred embodiment, except that the engine speed is shown in each example. Box 5, and this change:, Among them, a parallel shaft 41 is the drive two shafts 42 are intermediate shafts, and a parallel shaft 43 is the power transmission between the output shafts. Indirect linkage value description & Pregnancy 1. Output shaft: The power of the intermediate shaft to transmit the mountain, that is, the power of the moving shaft, can pass through one piece, and the output shaft can transmit power to the outside; pieces such as the rear wheel of a locomotive. Bu 20 1245840, in addition Similarly, a common bushing 6 is sleeved on each of the two ends of the three parallel rotating shafts 41, 42, 43. The common bushing 6 includes three bearing holes, 62, 63. Parallel shafts * 1,42,43. Dream is designed in this way, it can also maintain the parallelism between the three parallel shafts 4 丨, 42,43 and the distance between the three parallel shafts 41,42,43. So that the three of them will not cause problems such as vibration and noise during the operation, that is, this embodiment The structure can also achieve various effects described in the first preferred embodiment, and the common bushing 6 can also change the number of its bearing holes 61 62 63 according to the use situation. '' 10 15 Please refer to FIG. 6 as the first embodiment of the present invention. The side view of the three preferred embodiments. The main structure of the basin is the same as that of the second preferred embodiment. In this embodiment, the transmission 7 with the same engine is included. The parallel rotation shafts 731, 732, 733 and the three bearing holes 721, 722, 723 of the common bushing 72 also maintain the parallelism between the three parallel rotation shafts 731, 732, 733 and the distance between the three parallel rotation shafts 731, 732, 733. Please refer to FIG. 7, which is a side view of the fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention. The main features are the same as those of the second and third preferred embodiments. In this embodiment, the engine transmission is also included. Box 76, and there are four parallel shafts 74, 74, 743, 744 in the gearbox 76, and the four bearing holes 751, 752, 753, 754 of the common bushing 75 are used to keep between the four parallel shafts 741 '742, 743, 744. Parallelism and four parallels The distance between the rotating shafts 741, 742, 743, 744. Please refer to FIG. 8 is a side view of the fifth preferred embodiment of the present invention, the main structure of the beans are the same as the second and third preferred embodiments described above, in this embodiment 20 1245840 2 It also includes an engine gearbox 77, and the contents of the gearbox 77 are provided with three parallel rotating shafts 781, 782, 783, and the same three bearing holes 791, 792, 793 of the common bushing 79 are maintained to maintain the aforementioned three parallel rotating shafts 781. , 782,783 parallel, and the distance between the three parallel rotation axes 781, 782,783. The above-mentioned embodiments are merely examples for the convenience of description. The scope of the rights claimed in the present invention should be based on the scope of the patent application, rather than being limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. 10 [Brief Description of Drawings] Figure 1 is a side view of a crankcase of a conventional locomotive engine. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 11-II. Fig. 3 is a side view of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a sectional view of FIG. 3IV-IV. 15 FIG. 5 is a side view of a second preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 6 is a side view of a third preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 7 is a side view of a fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 8 is a side view of a fifth preferred embodiment of the present invention. 20 [Illustration of drawing number] Crankcase 1,91 Housing 10 Crankshaft 92 Balance shaft 93 Parallel shaft 11,12,41,42,43,731,732,733,741,742,743,744 Parallel shaft 781,782,783 Bearing 111,112,121 , 122,95,97,98,99 11 1245840 Common bushings 2,3,6,72,75,79,94,96 Bearing holes 21, 22, 61, 62, 63, 721, 722, 723, 751, 752, 753, 754 Bearing holes 791 792,793 Transmission 5,7,76,77
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