TWI240623B - Single-channel electroencephalogram measuring system - Google Patents
Single-channel electroencephalogram measuring system Download PDFInfo
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1240623 ___案號 92136802 —一年 月 π _ 修正_ 五、發明說明(1) 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係為一種單通道腦電波量測系統,尤指一種用 於醫療用診斷的單通道腦電波量測系統。 【先前技術】 隨著科技的進步與生醫訊號處理技術的不斷發展偵測 腦部訊號的儀器也越來越多、越來越精密。但是由於腦電 圖(E E G )的非侵入式且不會產生任何副作用的優點,醫 學界运是較多使用腦電圖來診斷腦神經相關病症。腦電圖 係腦神經細胞共同產生電波’它代表著腦的活動訊息,因j 此腦電圖波形提供很重要的資訊,讓我們判斷腦的功能是 否正常。除此之外,人的腦支配著全身的神經,所以利用 量測到極微小的腦細胞放電訊號也可以知道一個人的生理 與精神狀態。 由於腦神經細胞所散發出的電位不高,加上頭皮 骨及三層腦膜的隔絕,因此記錄到的電位很小。EEG所記 錄到的電位大約是5-30以V的電位變化在〇. 5_6〇Hz(赫茲) 的交流成分 '然而腦波用於臨床上疾病的判別主要是根據 其波紋的變化而非電位的大小。#著頻率的不同可將腦波 劃分成四種基本波:Beta(f)、Alpha(a)、Theta(e)、1240623 ___ Case No. 92136802 — One Month π _ Amendment _ V. Description of the invention (1) [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention is a single-channel electroencephalogram measurement system, especially a medical diagnosis Single-channel EEG measurement system. [Previous technology] With the advancement of technology and the continuous development of biomedical signal processing technology, more and more sophisticated instruments have been used to detect brain signals. However, due to the advantages of non-invasive and no side effects of electroencephalography (EEG), the medical community is more often using EEG to diagnose neurological disorders. Electroencephalogram is a wave generated by neurons in the brain. It represents the activity information of the brain. Therefore, the EEG waveform provides important information for us to judge whether the brain function is normal. In addition, the human brain innervates the nerves of the whole body, so it is possible to know a person's physiological and mental state by measuring the tiny discharge signals of brain cells. Because the potentials emitted by brain nerve cells are not high, and the scalp bone and the three layers of meninges are isolated, the recorded potentials are very small. The potential recorded by EEG is about 5-30 AC components with a potential change of 0.5 to 60 Hz (Hertz). However, the use of brain waves for the diagnosis of clinical diseases is mainly based on changes in their ripples rather than potential. size. # 着 frequency different brain waves can be divided into four basic waves: Beta (f), Alpha (a), Theta (e),
Delta( <5)。其所處的頻率分別為:心化大於13赫兹, A 1 pha介於8到1 3赫茲之間,此 分,而Theta介於4到8赫茲之n n 1 ' . 、疚」邛 此兩種都是歸類為「慢波 " 6 a /、於4赫茲之間,Delta (< 5). Its frequencies are: the heart rate is greater than 13 Hz, A 1 pha is between 8 and 13 Hz, this point, and Theta is between nn 1 '. 4 and 8 Hz. Are classified as "slow waves" between 6 a / and 4 hertz,
$ 5頁 個正常人的精神狀態。例 我們可以知道 -------η如·清醒、睡眠、興| 迫 1240623 __案號 92136802__年月日__修正 五、發明說明(2) 等,所呈現的腦波都不相同,其他特殊的波形特徵還有 K-complexes 、 Spindles 等 。 睡眠與清醒疋兩種極為不同的精神狀態,—般正常人 清醒¥的標準腦波為A 1 p h a波,而睡眠時A 1 p h a波會消失, 取而代之為不規則的T h 61 a波。隨者睡眠深淺的改綠,波 形也有不同的變化。亦有學者指出睡眠與清醒中有許多的 層次,分別為清醒(A w a k e )、移動(Μ 〇 v e m e n t)、以及四個 漸睡的階段(1 NREM〜4 NREM)、與最後的快速眼動期(REM) 共七個階段’在此七種階段腦波的B e t a、A 1 p h a、了 h e t a、 D e 11 a S佈都不' —樣。因此腦波的波形特徵常被用來判斷 人的睡眠情形。 近年來, 識程度的判定 病變疾病,包 (epilepsy)的 秒至幾分鐘的 與尖波(sharp 腦波,但其周 度不同而產生 常的腦波波形 一般用於 的系統,而且 原始腦波的 。除此之外 含癲癇、腫 診斷:一般 大量放電而 wave)。腦 圍的細胞會 不同的腦波 來診斷疾病 醫療診斷相 造價昂貴、 7刀析也吊被應用在手術麻醉時意 ’腦波亦廣泛的被應用來診斷腦 瘤及嗜睡症等。譬如在癲癇上 而言,癲癇患者的腦波會捭續幾 產生不正常的棘波(spiketa:= 瘤診斷:雖然瘤的本身不會產生 產生你波。11¼著腦功能的破壞程 、交化。臨床醫生即根據這些不正 〇 關腦病變的腦波機皆屬於多通道 體積龐大。 【發明内容】$ 5 pages for the mental state of a normal person. For example, we can know ------- such as · awake, sleep, Xing | forced 1240623 __case number 92136802__year month day__ amendment five, invention description (2), etc., the brain waves presented are not Similarly, other special waveform features include K-complexes and Spindles. Sleep and awake are two very different mental states. The normal brain wave of a normal person is A 1 p h a wave, while A 1 p h a wave disappears during sleep, and is replaced by an irregular T h 61 a wave. As the depth of sleep changes to green, the waveform also changes differently. Some scholars have pointed out that there are many levels in sleep and wakefulness, namely, wake (A wake), movement (Movement), and four stages of drowsiness (1 NREM ~ 4 NREM), and the final rapid eye movement period (REM) There are seven stages 'Beta, A 1 pha, Heta, and De 11 a S are not in this seven stages of brain waves'-the same. Therefore, the waveform characteristics of brain waves are often used to judge people's sleep. In recent years, the degree of cognition to determine the disease is from the epilepsy to the sharp brain wave, which varies from a few seconds to a few minutes. However, the system has a general brain wave waveform that is different from the peripheral wave, and the original brain wave. In addition to the diagnosis of epilepsy and swelling: generally a large number of discharges and waves). Cells around the brain will have different brain waves to diagnose diseases. Medical diagnosis is expensive, and 7-knife analysis is also used in surgical anesthesia. Brain waves are also widely used to diagnose brain tumors and narcolepsy. For example, in the case of epilepsy, the brain waves of patients with epilepsy will produce abnormal spike waves (spiketa: = tumor diagnosis: although the tumor itself does not produce you waves. 11 ¼ the process of destruction of brain function, cross-talk . Clinicians are based on these unhealthy brain wave machines, which are multi-channel bulky. [Content of the invention]
1240623 -------- 案號 92136802 五、發明說明(3)1240623 -------- Case No. 92136802 V. Description of Invention (3)
r w里〆只J汀;所i」 u 人係提出新的量測系統,主要包含的三大 電路2.數位電路g κ 包路ύ •罕人,丨面。腦波藉由電拐 比的放大濾波電路、隔離電路,再進入類比輿 ,並透過一般KS2 3 2傳輸線或無線RS232通訊档 到的腦波資料呈現並儲存於電腦中。此外,也 合攝影機(CCD Camera)同時擷取儲存受測者纪 像,以便後續的分析研究比對之用。 、 發明之腦電波量測人機介面係採用高階電腦卷 開發人機介面的工具,該高階電腦語言程式谓 C + + Builder (BCB ) 〇 結果提出了 本發明 分:1 ·類比 貼片餐過类員 位轉換電路 組將所收集 利用電荷藕 身理狀態影 其中本 式語言作為 為Bor 1 and 檀 早逋道腦電波There are only three major circuits in the new measurement system, which are the two major circuits 2. Digital circuits g κ 包 路 ύ • Rare people. Brainwaves are amplified and filtered by electric torsion ratio circuits, isolated circuits, and then enter the analog media, and the brainwaves data presented by ordinary KS2 32 transmission lines or wireless RS232 communication files are stored in the computer. In addition, the camera (CCD Camera) is also used to capture and store the subject's images for subsequent analysis and comparison. The invention of the brainwave measurement man-machine interface is a tool for developing a man-machine interface using a high-level computer volume. The high-level computer language program is called C ++ Builder (BCB). The results of the present invention are as follows: The class-of-person switching circuit group uses the collected charge to manage the physical state, and the local language is used as the brain wave for Bor 1 and Tanaya
本發明之主要的目的是要設計了一套低價位、體積 小’便於攜帶的單通道腦波量測分析系統,不僅可以作為 一般醫療量測之用,還期望能應用於睡眠品質分析之研 究。 【實施方式] 為了使 貴審查委員能更進一步暸解本發明為達成定 目的所採取之技術、手段及功效,請參閱以下有關本發明 之詳細說明與附圖,相信本發明之目的、特徵與特點,當 可由此得一深入且具體之瞭解,然而所附圖式僅提供參考 與說明用,並非用來對本發明加以限制者。The main object of the present invention is to design a set of low-cost, small-sized, and easy-to-carry, single-channel brainwave measurement and analysis system, which can be used not only for general medical measurement, but also for sleep quality analysis. the study. [Embodiment] In order for your review committee to further understand the technology, means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended purpose, please refer to the following detailed description of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. I believe the purpose, features and characteristics of the present invention As a result, a deep and specific understanding can be obtained, but the drawings are provided for reference and explanation only, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
請參閱第一圖係為本發明之系統方塊圖,係包括一輸 入單元1 0 〇 ; —類比單元1 〇 2,係電連接於該輸入單元;一 隔離及電壓準位調整單元1 〇 4,係接收經由該類比單元後Please refer to the first figure, which is a system block diagram of the present invention, which includes an input unit 100; an analog unit 102, which is electrically connected to the input unit; an isolation and voltage level adjustment unit 104. After receiving the analog unit
l24〇623l24〇623
案號 92136802 年 月Case No. 92136802 Month
發明說明(4: 机號;一類比/數位單元1 〇 6,俜雷造姑认#『% 準 —·早兀丨Ub知电迷接於該隔離及電壓 麩整早兀,一傳輪介面單元108,係電連接於該類比/ 梦早:U腦主機11。,係將該傳輪介面單元之訊 ’不在一電腦螢眷上。 饋^/亥類比早兀1 0 2包括一前級放大電路1 〇 2 0 ; —積分反 電:路1G22 ’係將該前級放大電路之訊號經 分 =…個濾= 玖 大甩路之式戒經由該複數個滹波雷 路加以漶除雜訊。其中該複數個濾波電路】。一以 —二階(2-〇rder)高通濾波器(High pass Futer)、括 器(N〇tCh FUter)、一六階(hrder)低通濟波 I (LowPassFilter)、一 一坪bM_ , λ 心反口口Description of the invention (4: machine number; an analog / digital unit 1 〇06, 俜 雷 造 姑 『#『 % —— · 早 丨 Ub Zhidian fans connected to the isolation and voltage bran early, a pass-through interface Unit 108 is electrically connected to this analog / Dream early: U-brain host 11. It is not that the information of the wheel interface unit is not on a computer. The analog / early analog 1 2 includes a previous stage. Amplifying circuit 1 〇 2 0; --Integrated back-current: circuit 1G22 'is to divide the signal of the pre-amplifier circuit into ... = filter = 甩 large throw way or through the multiple 滹 wave path to remove impurities Information. Among them, the plurality of filtering circuits]. First, the second-order (2-〇rder) high-pass filter (High pass Futer), bracket (NotCh FUter), a sixth-order (hrder) low-pass wave I ( LowPassFilter), one by one bM_, λ heart mouth
Pass Fi 1 ter)放大電路及一白一 Υ打)低通濾波(LowPass Fi 1 ter) Amplifier circuit and one white one beat) Low pass filter (Low
Pass FlUer)放大電路。一一匕(1—〇rder)高通遽波(Huh f EEG腦波所的二位f二,且有很大的直流電位。腦電圖 (E E G )所5己錄的則是在士帝、、古帝 分,因此我們需使用高电a毛 〜2 0 0 " V的父流成 路將腦波放大至數值電::=電路配合有效的濾波電 依儀表放大器外加電::=取的範圍。其放大倍率可Pass FlUer) amplifier circuit. One-to-one (1-〇rder) high-pass 遽 wave (Huh f EEG brain wave Institute two f two, and has a large DC potential. The electroencephalogram (EEG) 5 has been recorded in Shidi, The ancient emperor points, so we need to use high electricity a hair ~ 2 0 0 " V's father flow into the brain to amplify the value of the electric wave :: = circuit with effective filter power according to the instrument amplifier plus power :: = take Range. Its magnification can be
Gam係為增益值,頻寬則八又n 1=5x1 05〜106,其中 取多級濾波放大的策:j=48〜40HZ之間。電路中採 流電壓造成訊號飽和 $止外部的雜訊放大及直 否達到該有的效能, —方面也有利於檢測各級電路是 連接前級放大電路 1240623 案號 92136802Gam is a gain value, and the bandwidth is eight and n 1 = 5x1 05 ~ 106. Among them, a multi-stage filtering and amplification strategy is adopted: j = 48 ~ 40HZ. Saturation of the signal caused by the current-collecting voltage in the circuit. Only the external noise amplification and whether it can achieve the performance it should have, which is also conducive to detecting whether the circuits at all levels are connected to the pre-amplifier circuit.
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通 濾 波 器 來 解 到 較 平 坦 的 頻. 波 路 〇 我 們 的 情 況 所 以 緩 衝 離 阻 抗 減 少 波 形 而 市 電 雜 訊 方 式 影 響 到 腦 得 電 路 * \\\ 法 發_ 先 以 帶 止 遽 波 來 隔 離 約 4 0 Η z 電 路 來 避 免 受 法 採 用 變 壓 口口 生,還能做為類 電路之前尚需要 電的腦波訊號調 以便得到完签 程圖,其係包括 大及濾波該腦電 類比/數位電路 數位腦電波訊號 五、發明說明(5) 不必要的向頻干擾雜 決直流飄移所造成的 率響應,在濾波電路 發現各級電路間含有 在進入次級放大電路 以降低本身輪出阻抗 失真。 由於腦電波電壓 直接由電源線、電燈 波訊號,再經過放大 揮正常果效,因此在 為农減市電雜訊。一 以上的高頻雜訊及市 醫療儀器中為了 測者在量測時受到電 輕合方式,特性包含 4· 5V等。隔離放大電 比電路與數值電路的 個電壓準位調整電 整至數位電路所能擷 的腦波波形。 ^ 參閱第二圖係為 項取病患腦部之一腦 波訊號係依據—類比 及濾波後之 訊外’此外也需利用 電壓餘和現象。為了 中皆使用了二階低通 負載效應產生相互干 前使用電壓隨耦器當 及提南次級電路的輸 退小於6 〇 Hz市電雜訊 、電腦等以電、磁場 後更會造成訊號飽和 進入次級放大電路前 組六階低通濾波器, 電干擾, 安全起見皆需要以隔 源漏電傷害,其隔離 能阻絕1 5 0 0 V交流電、 路不僅能防止漏電產 隔離介面。進入數位 路’將放大後包含負 取的0〜5V電壓範圍, 本發明之量測方法流 電波訊號(S1 0 0 );放 電路(S102),依據一 腦電波訊號轉換為'^ 1240623 修正 案號 92136802 五、發明說明(6) 係(S 1 0 4 );傳輸該數位腦電波訊號係由一串列傳輸介面來 達成(S1 0 6 );建立在一電腦主機上之一腦電波量測人機介 面(S 1 0 8 );產生該數位腦電波訊號之一腦電波波形 (S 1 1 0 );及顯示該腦電波波形於該電腦螢幕上且儲存在一 硬碟内(S 1 1 2 )。 在腦電波量測人機介面之軟體設計中,我們利用一高 階電腦程式語言所撰寫的,該程式語言係為Bor land C + + I u i 1 d e r ( B C B )作為開發人機介面的工具。以B C B做程式 設計並不太需要注意W i n d o w s系統内部細節,因此較有利 於視窗軟體之開發,但C + + Bui lder本身卻沒提供串列通 訊元件,因此我們必須使用一些W i ndows AP I的函式來達 成串列通訊的目標。在RS232接收資料的程式撰寫部分, 般皆使用計時器(Timer )以固定時間抓取!^232資料, 但P I C所傳的資料過於龐大,經測試會造成τ丨mer來不及抓 的情況發生。因此我們使用多重執行緒模式 (Multi-Thread ),以多工的方式作為資料接收之偵剛。 綜合上述,本發明利用一些基本電路,以運算放大器為主 體,發展出一套低價位、可攜式單通道的腦波量測系统 並以訊號處理的方式分析比對與市售商業腦波機分析之站 果,初步驗證其在臨床實驗上的可行性。 、、、° 依 本發明確能藉上述所揭露之技術,提供一種迥然不 於習知者的設計,堪能挺咼整體之使用價值,又其申笋< 未見於刊物或公開使用,誠已符合發明專利之要^g則 法提出發明專利中請°Pass the filter to resolve to a flat frequency. In our case, we buffered the impedance to reduce the waveform and the mains noise affects the circuit of the brain. Η z circuit to avoid the use of variable pressure mouth, can also be used as a circuit-like brain wave signal before the electrical circuit in order to get the signing map, which includes Yamato filtering the EEG analog / digital circuit digital EEG signal 5. Explanation of the invention (5) Unnecessary directional interference caused by rate drift caused by DC drift. It is found in the filter circuit that the circuits at all levels contain secondary amplifying circuits to reduce the distortion of the output impedance. Since the brain wave voltage is directly transmitted by the power line and electric light wave signal, and then amplified, the normal effect is achieved. Therefore, it is reducing the electrical noise of the city. More than one high-frequency noise and medical equipment in the city, in order to measure the electric shock during the measurement, the characteristics include 4.5V and so on. The voltage level adjustment circuits of the isolation amplifier circuit and the numerical circuit are adjusted to the brain wave waveform that the digital circuit can capture. ^ Refer to the second picture for the basis of taking one of the brain signals of the patient's brain—analog and filtered signal ’. In addition, the voltage surplus and phenomenon need to be used. In order to use the second-order low-pass load effect to generate mutual interference, the voltage follower is used before the output of the Tienan secondary circuit is less than 60Hz. The mains noise, computers and other electrical and magnetic fields will cause signal saturation to enter. The sixth group of low-pass filters in the front of the secondary amplifying circuit requires electrical isolation for safety reasons. Its isolation can block 1 500 V AC power, and the circuit can not only prevent leakage from generating an isolation interface. Entering the digital circuit 'will include the negatively taken 0 ~ 5V voltage range after amplification. The measuring method of the present invention is the current wave signal (S1 0 0); the discharge circuit (S102) is converted to the' ^ 1240623 amendment based on an brain wave signal. No. 92136802 V. Description of the invention (6) System (S 1 0 4); Transmission of the digital brain wave signal is achieved by a serial transmission interface (S 1 0 6); an EEG measurement built on a computer host Human-machine interface (S 1 0 8); generating one of the digital brain wave signals, an EEG waveform (S 1 1 0); and displaying the EEG waveform on the computer screen and storing it in a hard disk (S 1 1 2 ). In the software design of the human-machine interface for brainwave measurement, we use a high-level computer programming language written in Borland C + + I u i 1 de r (B C B) as a tool for developing human-machine interface. Programming with BCB does not need to pay attention to the internal details of the Windows system, so it is more conducive to the development of Windows software, but C ++ Builder does not provide serial communication components, so we must use some Windows AP I Function to achieve the goal of serial communication. In the programming part of RS232 receiving data, timers are generally used to capture data at a fixed time! ^ 232 data, but the data transmitted by PICC is too large, and it will cause τ 丨 mer to be too late to be caught after testing. Therefore, we use the Multi-Thread mode (Multi-Thread), as a method of receiving data in a multiplexed manner. To sum up, the present invention develops a low-cost, portable single-channel electroencephalogram measurement system using some basic circuits and an operational amplifier as the main body, and analyzes and compares it with a commercially available commercial electroencephalogram by signal processing. The results of the machine analysis have initially verified its feasibility in clinical experiments. ,,, ° According to the present invention, it is indeed possible to provide a design that is completely unfamiliar with the technology disclosed above, which can stand up to the overall use value, and its application has not been seen in publications or public use. In accordance with the requirements of the invention patent
惟,上^^露之圖—式、說」^僅為本發明之實施 1240623 案號 92136802 年 月 曰 修正 五、發明說明(7) 而已,凡精于此項技藝者當可依據上述之說明作其他種種 之改良,而這些改變仍屬於本發明之發明精神及以下界定 之專利範圍中。However, the above ^^ exposed picture-formula, saying "^ is only the implementation of the present invention, 1240623, case number 92136802, the fifth amendment, description of the invention (7), those who are skilled in this art should be based on the above description Various other improvements are made, and these changes still belong to the spirit of the invention and the patent scope defined below.
1240623 圖式簡單說明 )圖式說明: 第一圖係為本發明之系統方塊圖;及 第二圖係為本發明之量測方法流程圖 )主要部分之代表符號: 1〇〇 輸入單元 10 2 類比單元 1020前級放大電路 1 0 2 2積分反饋電路 1 0 2 4濾波電路 104 隔離及電壓準位調整單元 10 6 類比/數位單元 108 傳輸介面單元 110 電腦主機 «1240623 Schematic illustration) Schematic description: The first diagram is a system block diagram of the present invention; and the second diagram is a flowchart of the measurement method of the present invention) Representative symbols of the main part: 100 input unit 10 2 Analog unit 1020 preamplifier circuit 1 0 2 2 integral feedback circuit 1 0 2 4 filter circuit 104 isolation and voltage level adjustment unit 10 6 analog / digital unit 108 transmission interface unit 110 computer host «
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