TWI240623B - Single-channel electroencephalogram measuring system - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to a single-channel electroencephalogram measuring system. It comprises an input, an analog signal acquisition unit, isolation and voltage level adjuster, and an analog/digital converter. The analog signal acquisition unit electrically connects with the input. The isolation and voltage level adjuster receives signals passing through the analog signal acquisition unit. The analog/digital converter electrically connects with the isolation and voltage level adjuster.

Description

1240623 ___ Case No. 92136802 — One Month π _ Amendment _ V. Description of the invention (1) [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention is a single-channel electroencephalogram measurement system, especially a medical diagnosis Single-channel EEG measurement system. [Previous technology] With the advancement of technology and the continuous development of biomedical signal processing technology, more and more sophisticated instruments have been used to detect brain signals. However, due to the advantages of non-invasive and no side effects of electroencephalography (EEG), the medical community is more often using EEG to diagnose neurological disorders. Electroencephalogram is a wave generated by neurons in the brain. It represents the activity information of the brain. Therefore, the EEG waveform provides important information for us to judge whether the brain function is normal. In addition, the human brain innervates the nerves of the whole body, so it is possible to know a person's physiological and mental state by measuring the tiny discharge signals of brain cells. Because the potentials emitted by brain nerve cells are not high, and the scalp bone and the three layers of meninges are isolated, the recorded potentials are very small. The potential recorded by EEG is about 5-30 AC components with a potential change of 0.5 to 60 Hz (Hertz). However, the use of brain waves for the diagnosis of clinical diseases is mainly based on changes in their ripples rather than potential. size. # 着 frequency different brain waves can be divided into four basic waves: Beta (f), Alpha (a), Theta (e),

Delta (< 5). Its frequencies are: the heart rate is greater than 13 Hz, A 1 pha is between 8 and 13 Hz, this point, and Theta is between nn 1 '. 4 and 8 Hz. Are classified as "slow waves" between 6 a / and 4 hertz,

$ 5 pages for the mental state of a normal person. For example, we can know ------- such as · awake, sleep, Xing | forced 1240623 __case number 92136802__year month day__ amendment five, invention description (2), etc., the brain waves presented are not Similarly, other special waveform features include K-complexes and Spindles. Sleep and awake are two very different mental states. The normal brain wave of a normal person is A 1 p h a wave, while A 1 p h a wave disappears during sleep, and is replaced by an irregular T h 61 a wave. As the depth of sleep changes to green, the waveform also changes differently. Some scholars have pointed out that there are many levels in sleep and wakefulness, namely, wake (A wake), movement (Movement), and four stages of drowsiness (1 NREM ~ 4 NREM), and the final rapid eye movement period (REM) There are seven stages 'Beta, A 1 pha, Heta, and De 11 a S are not in this seven stages of brain waves'-the same. Therefore, the waveform characteristics of brain waves are often used to judge people's sleep. In recent years, the degree of cognition to determine the disease is from the epilepsy to the sharp brain wave, which varies from a few seconds to a few minutes. However, the system has a general brain wave waveform that is different from the peripheral wave, and the original brain wave. In addition to the diagnosis of epilepsy and swelling: generally a large number of discharges and waves). Cells around the brain will have different brain waves to diagnose diseases. Medical diagnosis is expensive, and 7-knife analysis is also used in surgical anesthesia. Brain waves are also widely used to diagnose brain tumors and narcolepsy. For example, in the case of epilepsy, the brain waves of patients with epilepsy will produce abnormal spike waves (spiketa: = tumor diagnosis: although the tumor itself does not produce you waves. 11 ¼ the process of destruction of brain function, cross-talk . Clinicians are based on these unhealthy brain wave machines, which are multi-channel bulky. [Content of the invention]

1240623 -------- Case No. 92136802 V. Description of Invention (3)

There are only three major circuits in the new measurement system, which are the two major circuits 2. Digital circuits g κ 包 路 ύ • Rare people. Brainwaves are amplified and filtered by electric torsion ratio circuits, isolated circuits, and then enter the analog media, and the brainwaves data presented by ordinary KS2 32 transmission lines or wireless RS232 communication files are stored in the computer. In addition, the camera (CCD Camera) is also used to capture and store the subject's images for subsequent analysis and comparison. The invention of the brainwave measurement man-machine interface is a tool for developing a man-machine interface using a high-level computer volume. The high-level computer language program is called C ++ Builder (BCB). The results of the present invention are as follows: The class-of-person switching circuit group uses the collected charge to manage the physical state, and the local language is used as the brain wave for Bor 1 and Tanaya

The main object of the present invention is to design a set of low-cost, small-sized, and easy-to-carry, single-channel brainwave measurement and analysis system, which can be used not only for general medical measurement, but also for sleep quality analysis. the study. [Embodiment] In order for your review committee to further understand the technology, means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended purpose, please refer to the following detailed description of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. I believe the purpose, features and characteristics of the present invention As a result, a deep and specific understanding can be obtained, but the drawings are provided for reference and explanation only, and are not intended to limit the present invention.

Please refer to the first figure, which is a system block diagram of the present invention, which includes an input unit 100; an analog unit 102, which is electrically connected to the input unit; an isolation and voltage level adjustment unit 104. After receiving the analog unit

l24〇623

Case No. 92136802 Month

Description of the invention (4: machine number; an analog / digital unit 1 〇06, 俜 雷 造 姑 『#『 ％ —— · 早 丨 Ub Zhidian fans connected to the isolation and voltage bran early, a pass-through interface Unit 108 is electrically connected to this analog / Dream early: U-brain host 11. It is not that the information of the wheel interface unit is not on a computer. The analog / early analog 1 2 includes a previous stage. Amplifying circuit 1 〇 2 0; --Integrated back-current: circuit 1G22 'is to divide the signal of the pre-amplifier circuit into ... = filter = 甩 large throw way or through the multiple 滹 wave path to remove impurities Information. Among them, the plurality of filtering circuits]. First, the second-order (2-〇rder) high-pass filter (High pass Futer), bracket (NotCh FUter), a sixth-order (hrder) low-pass wave I ( LowPassFilter), one by one bM_, λ heart mouth

Pass Fi 1 ter) Amplifier circuit and one white one beat) Low pass filter (Low

Pass FlUer) amplifier circuit. One-to-one (1-〇rder) high-pass 遽 wave (Huh f EEG brain wave Institute two f two, and has a large DC potential. The electroencephalogram (EEG) 5 has been recorded in Shidi, The ancient emperor points, so we need to use high electricity a hair ~ 2 0 0 " V's father flow into the brain to amplify the value of the electric wave :: = circuit with effective filter power according to the instrument amplifier plus power :: = take Range. Its magnification can be

Gam is a gain value, and the bandwidth is eight and n 1 = 5x1 05 ~ 106. Among them, a multi-stage filtering and amplification strategy is adopted: j = 48 ~ 40HZ. Saturation of the signal caused by the current-collecting voltage in the circuit. Only the external noise amplification and whether it can achieve the performance it should have, which is also conducive to detecting whether the circuits at all levels are connected to the pre-amplifier circuit.

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Pass the filter to resolve to a flat frequency. In our case, we buffered the impedance to reduce the waveform and the mains noise affects the circuit of the brain. Η z circuit to avoid the use of variable pressure mouth, can also be used as a circuit-like brain wave signal before the electrical circuit in order to get the signing map, which includes Yamato filtering the EEG analog / digital circuit digital EEG signal 5. Explanation of the invention (5) Unnecessary directional interference caused by rate drift caused by DC drift. It is found in the filter circuit that the circuits at all levels contain secondary amplifying circuits to reduce the distortion of the output impedance. Since the brain wave voltage is directly transmitted by the power line and electric light wave signal, and then amplified, the normal effect is achieved. Therefore, it is reducing the electrical noise of the city. More than one high-frequency noise and medical equipment in the city, in order to measure the electric shock during the measurement, the characteristics include 4.5V and so on. The voltage level adjustment circuits of the isolation amplifier circuit and the numerical circuit are adjusted to the brain wave waveform that the digital circuit can capture. ^ Refer to the second picture for the basis of taking one of the brain signals of the patient's brain—analog and filtered signal ’. In addition, the voltage surplus and phenomenon need to be used. In order to use the second-order low-pass load effect to generate mutual interference, the voltage follower is used before the output of the Tienan secondary circuit is less than 60Hz. The mains noise, computers and other electrical and magnetic fields will cause signal saturation to enter. The sixth group of low-pass filters in the front of the secondary amplifying circuit requires electrical isolation for safety reasons. Its isolation can block 1 500 V AC power, and the circuit can not only prevent leakage from generating an isolation interface. Entering the digital circuit 'will include the negatively taken 0 ~ 5V voltage range after amplification. The measuring method of the present invention is the current wave signal (S1 0 0); the discharge circuit (S102) is converted to the' ^ 1240623 amendment based on an brain wave signal. No. 92136802 V. Description of the invention (6) System (S 1 0 4); Transmission of the digital brain wave signal is achieved by a serial transmission interface (S 1 0 6); an EEG measurement built on a computer host Human-machine interface (S 1 0 8); generating one of the digital brain wave signals, an EEG waveform (S 1 1 0); and displaying the EEG waveform on the computer screen and storing it in a hard disk (S 1 1 2 ). In the software design of the human-machine interface for brainwave measurement, we use a high-level computer programming language written in Borland C + + I u i 1 de r (B C B) as a tool for developing human-machine interface. Programming with BCB does not need to pay attention to the internal details of the Windows system, so it is more conducive to the development of Windows software, but C ++ Builder does not provide serial communication components, so we must use some Windows AP I Function to achieve the goal of serial communication. In the programming part of RS232 receiving data, timers are generally used to capture data at a fixed time! ^ 232 data, but the data transmitted by PICC is too large, and it will cause τ 丨 mer to be too late to be caught after testing. Therefore, we use the Multi-Thread mode (Multi-Thread), as a method of receiving data in a multiplexed manner. To sum up, the present invention develops a low-cost, portable single-channel electroencephalogram measurement system using some basic circuits and an operational amplifier as the main body, and analyzes and compares it with a commercially available commercial electroencephalogram by signal processing. The results of the machine analysis have initially verified its feasibility in clinical experiments. ,,, ° According to the present invention, it is indeed possible to provide a design that is completely unfamiliar with the technology disclosed above, which can stand up to the overall use value, and its application has not been seen in publications or public use. In accordance with the requirements of the invention patent

However, the above ^^ exposed picture-formula, saying "^ is only the implementation of the present invention, 1240623, case number 92136802, the fifth amendment, description of the invention (7), those who are skilled in this art should be based on the above description Various other improvements are made, and these changes still belong to the spirit of the invention and the patent scope defined below.

1240623 Schematic illustration) Schematic description: The first diagram is a system block diagram of the present invention; and the second diagram is a flowchart of the measurement method of the present invention) Representative symbols of the main part: 100 input unit 10 2 Analog unit 1020 preamplifier circuit 1 0 2 2 integral feedback circuit 1 0 2 4 filter circuit 104 isolation and voltage level adjustment unit 10 6 analog / digital unit 108 transmission interface unit 110 computer host «

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Claims (1)

1240623 Case No. 92136802 Rev. VI. Patent Application Scope 1. A single-channel EEG measurement system, the system includes: an input unit; an analog unit, which is electrically connected to the input unit, where the analog unit includes : A preamplifier circuit; an integral anti-mine circuit "is to transmit the signal of the preamplifier circuit to the preamplifier circuit via the signal after the integral feedback circuit; and a plurality of wave-thinking circuits to the preamplifier circuit The signals of the stage amplifier circuit are filtered by the plurality of filter circuits to remove noise; an isolation and voltage level adjustment unit receives the signal after passing through the analog unit; an analog / digital unit is electrically connected to the isolation and voltage Level adjustment unit; a transmission interface unit, which is electrically connected to the analog / digital unit; and a computer host, which displays the signal of the transmission interface unit on a computer screen. 2. The single-channel EEG measurement system according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the input unit is a plurality of electrode patches. 3. The single-channel EEG measurement system according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the plurality of filter circuits include a 2-order High Pass Filter, a band stop filter (Notch F i 11 er), one-sixth order (6-〇rder) low-pass filter (L〇w P ass Page 13 1240623 _Case No. 92136802_Year Month Date__ VI. Patent application scope Filter), 1-order Low Pass F i 11 er amplifier circuit and first-order (1- order) high-pass filtering (Η 1 gh Pass F i 11 er) amplifier circuit. 4. The single-channel EEG measurement system according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the transmission interface unit is a general RS-2 32 transmission line. 5. The single-channel EEG measurement system according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the transmission interface unit is a wireless RS-2 32 transmission line. Page 14