TWI239153B - Method and apparatus for overlying two CDMA systems on the same frequency bandwidth - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to align the timing of an overlay base station to the timing of an existing base station, a sync unit (128) is introduced into the system. The sync unit (128) has a first receiver configured to receive a first signal, the first signal having a first CDMA channelization. The first receiver is configured to produce an indication of a timing of the first signal. The sync unit (128) also has a second receiver configured to receive a second signal, the second signal having a second CDMA channelization. The second receiver is configured to produce an indication of a timing of the second signal. The sync unit (128) also has a time error detection unit configured to compare the timing of the first signal and the timing of the second signal to determine a relative timing offset thereof.

Description

A7 1239153 B7 _----- V. Description of the invention (1) Background of the invention 1 · Scope of the invention [Please read the note on the back? Matters need to be refilled on this page} This invention relates to communication systems. More specifically, the female & bong invention is related to the coverage coding multi-directional proximity communication system. 2 · Explanation of related technologies. Voice information and digital data transmission of wireless media in modern society # Micro-devices become a dominant device. In wireless communication systems, it is common for a single base station to transmit signals to multiple remote units. In order to focus on the strict multi-path wireless transmission frequency when providing broadcasting to multiple remote units, a method that can provide effective data transmission and user channel modulation and coding has been developed. Generally, these methods operate most efficiently when each signal from a base station is transmitted synchronously with the timing. For example, in a typical coded multi-directional near-access (CDMA) system, these signals can be distinguished from each other by the use of different codes. In the case of transmission from a base station to a remote unit, these codes are typically an orthogonal set of codes such as the Walsh function. If the transmission corresponding to one orthogonal channel cannot be aligned with the transmission corresponding to another channel, the orthogonal nature of the codes will be reduced and the transmissions will obviously interfere with each other. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs FIG. 1 is a specific embodiment of a terrestrial wireless communication system 10. FIG. 1 shows three terminal units 12A, 12B, and 12C and two base stations 14. In fact, a typical wireline communication system has more remote units and base stations. In Figure 1, 'Remote Single το 12A is like a mobile phone unit installed in a car. Figure 1 also shows, for example, a wireless zone loop or meter-readable system

The portable computer remote unit 12B and the fixed-position remote unit 12C found in. In the most common specific embodiment, these remote units can be of any type. _____ -4- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (21〇 X 297 meals) " " 1239153

V. Description of the invention (2) (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Newsletter ¥ Yuan. For example, these remote units may be, for example, a personal data accessory, a hand-held portable unit, or an accessible data unit; or a fixed-position data unit such as a meter-readable device. Figure W shows a forward link signal 18 from the base station 45 to the back end 14 and a reverse link signal 20 from the remote unit η to the base station number 14. In the following discussion for illustration, the invention is described in relation to a generally known radio link industry standard. In fact, the general principles of the present invention can be applied directly to many multidirectional proximity signal communication systems. The following discussion is based on the operation of the system described in TIA / EIA / IS_95_A and later, and its contents can be referred to by the name of the Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard, commonly known as M ·%, published by the Telephone Industry Association. for Dual_

Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular System 丨 丨. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. For example, in a typical wireless communication system described in FIG. 1, some base stations have multiple sections. A multi-segment base station includes multiple independent transmitting and receiving antennas and independent processing circuits. The principles discussed here can also be applied to each of a multi-segment base station and a single-segment independent base station. Therefore, for the remainder of this description, the term "base station" may be assumed to be a sector of a multi-sector base station, or a single-sector base station. In systems using IS-95, the remote unit uses a common bandwidth to communicate with all base stations of the system. The use of a common bandwidth can increase flexibility and provide many advantages to the system. For example, the use of a common bandwidth allows a remote unit to receive communication signals from more than one base station simultaneously, and to transmit a single signal received by more than one base station. The remote unit can be adapted to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) by -5- Japanese paper size "-*-1239153

The D frequency in the frequency spectrum between D and C. ^ The cloth number & exhibition letter I uses the left to make 0f the same platform base species AmH to belong to the shape wave A Μ, ^ v, Yachiaki brother station It is extremely important to take the eighth, unified ability. If the command says, 1 ,, # ^ ^ J, such as He Zhizhi, take a small receivable signal 0. The number of users who can communicate through a base station can be calculated easily. With some simplification, the amount of power that the remote unit must transmit < far more than provided by Equation 1: RNn C, please read the intention on the back before filling this page]

RW (TV-1) R -a — (Eb) UJ W req The equation is printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. N is the number of remote units operating in a common area of Fanyuan; R is assumed to be all the same. The average data rate of the end unit; w is the spreading rate; N0 is the thermal noise of the base station plus interference from non-power control sources; εΛ ......... "is the spectral density of each noise of a sleeve unit The required energy, rcq, is assumed to be equal for each remote unit; and α is the interference coupling coefficient from all other covered areas. The upper limit on the number of simultaneous users is referred to as the extreme power of a system, and is provided when the denominator of Equation 1 is equal to zero. The ratio of the actual number of extremely capable users can be defined as the load on the system. As the number of actual users approaches extreme capacity, the load approaches individuals. A load close to one of the individuals implies a system potential -6-This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 297 male-^ -------- ^ --------- ^ 1239153

In unstable behavior. Undecided γ A K's horse from the point of view of language quality will lead to reduced performance, high error rate, hopelessness, failure to pass, and give up calls. In addition, please go to (Please read the note on the back? Matters before filling out this page). When the load increases, the remote unit will increase the output power. Because far

The output power of the unit is limited, and the size of the culvert area in the Midea A and the publish floor is contracted, so that when the base station _ you go to the yekou and it becomes a heavy load, it tastes at no load. The user on the outer edge of the area should send sufficient power at a receivable signal quality to communicate with the base station. , Tuba mouth pass. Wan program i is clearly a reverse link. However, there is a similar equation for forward connection-similar equations: For forward connection, when the load increases, the output power required by the base station increases. For these reasons, the advantage is that the number of users who can access the signal can be limited so that the load does not exceed the maximum capacity-a specified percentage ^ as long as the system load reaches the predetermined level, the system load is limited-the method is rejected Access to the system. For example, if the load increases by more than 70% of the extreme capacity, it can favorably reject requests for additional connections and avoid receiving transfers of existing connections. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs When two CDMA systems operate within a common bandwidth, these same issues of load and time synchronization with phase are still important. If the two systems overlap without noticing their basic properties, the resulting capacity may be quite low. This is especially true for forward links, where the # sign transmitted through the base station is typically a right angle. For example, the forward connection waveforms 疋 described above with reference to IS_95 are positive X to each other. If the set of signals covered is not orthogonal to the set of existing signals, the reduction in capacity may be considerable. To maintain orthogonality, the two systems must be time synchronized with each other. In addition, the capabilities of the two systems are also relevant in the _ 7 _ This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 1239153

Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy The interference of one system, thereby reducing the capabilities of the first system. The use of a pilot signal can improve the ability to forward link. The pilot signals can be used for transmission and channel estimation, such as timing, phase, power control, and received sign weighting. Other signals transmitted through the base station have a known portion of phase alignment with the pilot signal. To avoid transmitting multiple pilot signals, it is better to maintain a fixed phase alignment related to the coverage channel. When an existing system uses a second CDMA system, the existing system typically does not use an interface capability configuration with a second type system. Therefore, existing systems typically do not provide output or receive inputs that are required to achieve synchronization and peer load between the two systems. In contrast, the new system can be designed with an overlay structural concept. In order to reduce the cost of adopting a second coverage system, it is important to avoid modification of existing systems. Therefore, a need in the art is a system and method that can cover two CDMA systems on the same bandwidth. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to cover a second CDMA system on an existing system, the timing of the signals transmitted through each system needs to be aligned. To avoid coding existing systems, a synchronization unit can be used to receive signals from the first and second systems. By comparing the timing of these signals, an error signal indicating a timing offset will occur. The timing error signal is coupled to the second CDMA system, and can be used to adjust the timing of the second system 'in order to reduce the timing difference between the two systems. In some cases, the phases of the two systems can be aligned in a similar manner. -8- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) · *--------- ^ --------- ^ (Please read the back first (Please note this page before filling out this page) 1239153 A7 B7 V. Description of Invention (6) When a second CDMA system covers an existing system, the capacity of each system will be limited by the load on the other system. In a specific embodiment, the synchronization unit can also measure the power of a group of signals transmitted through the two systems, and determine its load level. Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is a block diagram of a terrestrial wireless communication system. Figure 2 is a frequency domain spectrum edge diagram, which shows the spectral characteristics of a cdma2000 system and an IS-95 system. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a basic structure for implementing the present invention. FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a synchronization unit of the present invention. Figure 5 is a block diagram of a cellular system in which the overlay system uses a secondary pilot channel. FIG. 6 is a representative diagram showing the use of antennas arranged in one direction. FIG. 7 is a flowchart describing phase synchronization according to the present invention. FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing load control according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION When a third-generation wideband coded multi-directional near-access (CDMA) system is deployed in a service area that previously provided an earlier generation of a CDMA system, it is often advantageous to cover the broadband of existing systems System operating spectrum. For example, by using one of the IX mode spread rates of 1.2288 Mcps (a bandwidth of about 1.25 MHz), the cdma2000 system can cover an earlier generation IS_95 system, which can also use 1.2288 Mcps (about 1.25 MHz). Bandwidth)

A spread rate. The cdrna2000 system also has a 3X mode, which can use a spread rate of 3 X 1.2288 Mcps (a bandwidth of about 3.75 MHz). -9-This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) " " " (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)-W Pack ---- ---- Order --------- Line-Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 1239153 _______B7 V. Description of the Invention (7) One of the cdma2000 3X models has an older version that can be overwritten. Multi-carrier forward link on first-generation is-95 systems or a cdma2000 IX system. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Figure 2 is a spectrum diagram showing one of the forward link spectrum characteristics of the cdma2000 system and the IS-95 system. Spectrum 100 represents a channel of the cdma2000 system operating in 3X mode, and spectrums 102, 104, and 106 represent the spectrum of three IS_95 or cdma2000 IX mode channels. Spectrum 102, 104, and 106 also represent each carrier of the cdma2000 3X multi-carrier system. In order to make this coverage system operate accurately, the two systems can use a common timing operation, so the systems will not cause excessive interference with each other. If a common pilot channel is used, the two systems can send them forward link code channels by using a common phase, which is aligned with the phase of a common forward link pilot channel. In addition, 'because these systems share the same bandwidth, the combined load of the two systems must be kept together below a critical operating threshold to maintain system stability. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a basic structure for implementing the present invention. A mobile switching center (MSC) 110 can couple cellular systems to the public switched telephone network (PSTN). The MSC 110 is a base that is coupled to one or more existing systems. The Intellectual Property Bureau's Consumer Cooperative Printed Board Controller (BSC) 112 of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. The BSC 112 may provide a set of base station 114 controls, such as a base station transceiver subsystem (BTS). The BSC 112 may provide control functions such as forward connection k number allocation to the base station transceiver subsystem and a combination of signals of the reverse connection signals received from the base station transceiver subsystem. For example, the base station transceiver subsystem of BTS 114 can typically be deployed in the coverage area of the system in order to provide services to a corresponding base station coverage area. BTS 114 can provide other features of encoding and change, and physical connection, for the purpose of -10-This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public love) 1239153

V. Description of the invention (8 (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) To establish a radio frequency (RF) signal to be transmitted on the radio link of the existing system, such as _is_95 that can operate in 1X43X mode System or cdma2000 system. The base station transceiver subsystem can typically be directly coupled to an antenna, a differential antenna group, or an antenna array such as antenna 122 shown in Figure 3. In addition to the existing system, Figure 3 also shows a coverage system. Although another implementation can be developed, in Figure 3, the overlay system can be operated under the control of Satoshigawa. The MSC 110 is coupled to an overlay base station controller ιΐ6, which can provide control of a set of overlay base station receivers, For example, an overlay BTS118 is shown in Figure 3. In the example Figure 3, the overlay BSCU6 and the existing BS (: ii2 series are connected to the same MSC 110. However, each existing and overlay BSCs can be connected to a different MSCs. Cover BTS IIS can establish and receive wireless link transmissions according to a second protocol, such as an is. 95 system or a cdma2000 system operating in 1 X or 3 χ mode. To maintain a common phase and In order, the signal transmitted from each system can be transmitted through a common antenna. Therefore, a combiner 120 can couple the existing BTS 114 and the covered BIS 118 to the antenna 122. As shown in FIG. 3, The combiner 120 can combine the output of the existing BTS 114 and the power amplifier covering the BTS 118. The output of the consumer co-operative printer (not shown) of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. However, usually, the combiner 12 Implemented in one stage. For example, in a specific embodiment, the combiner may operate at an intermediate frequency, on analog baseband, or digital baseband. Similarly, in the structure shown in FIG. 3, the combiner 120 may place the antenna 122 to a point noise amplifier in the existing BTS 114 and the overlay BTS 118 (not shown). However, in another embodiment, the combiner can be connected at other points in the receiving chain. In another specific embodiment, both -11-this paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 x 297 mm) 1239153 The paper size printed by the employee consumer cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Gu Jiaguan ^ A7 five (9) The receiving paths of some base stations 114 and coverage base stations 118 are independent of each other. For example, Fig. 3 shows the transmission and reception part of the existing combination with the coverage BTSs. However, the 'transmission and reception section may be Separate, and different antennas can be used. The use of the coverage system can be assisted by a synchronization unit 128. In a specific example, the 'synchronization unit 128 is coupled to a unique mutual antenna 126 located within the area covered by the antenna 122. In another In a specific embodiment, the synchronization unit can obtain the signal energy for acquiring timing, signal phase, and load through a transmission line between the combiner 120 and the center of the antenna 122 through the use of a coupler such as a directional coupler. In still another specific embodiment, the synchronization unit can obtain timing and phase information through a pair of couplers, where one coupler is in a transmission chain or transmission line of an existing base station, and the other coupler is covering The transmission chain or line of the base station. In the text of the present invention, the transmission chain is a position where B T S is a handheld device itself, and the transmission line is a feed line from which the power is amplified to be output to the antenna. In general, the transmitted signal can be obtained from any point, and the correct information needed to determine the phase and load can be obtained. When using information obtained from a BTS transmission chain, there is no need to use a single location for all slices. For example, timing signals can be obtained in one part, and power levels can be obtained in another part of the BTS. However, if it is used other than the antenna, there may be an error between the location where the information is obtained and the antenna transmitting U <. As a result of these errors, the accuracy of setting the timing, phase, or decision load is reduced. These problems are well known in the art: the techniques of the present invention are illustrated. As shown in FIG. 3, Synchronized Single Fan 128 is also transferred to cover BTS 118. However, in another specific case, the synchronization unit 128 may be coupled to the existing base station 114 to replace -12- equipment -------- order ----------- ^ AW ( Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) 1239153 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention () (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Restore the base station 118. In general, however, the synchronization unit 128 facilitates time and phase synchronization of the two systems without the need for an additional input or output to the existing system. The function of the synchronization unit 128 can make the timing and phase of the coverage base station the same as the existing base station. In order to maintain orthogonality between the signals transmitted by the existing BTS 114 and the signals transmitted by the overlay BTS 118, the timing of the BTS, sn4, and 118 must be aligned with each other as the remote units in the corresponding coverage area . In the cdma2000 system, only the timing must be aligned in order to obtain the orthogonality using the IS_95 system. However, other systems may also require signal phase alignment. In addition, in order to use a common pilot channel, the phase must be aligned between the existing system and the coverage system. For example, when covering a cdma2000 system with an IS-95 system, such code channels should be time aligned within approximately one-sixteenth (1 / 16th) or approximately 50 nanoseconds of a PN chip. As the time alignment error increases, the orthogonality between the signal transmitted by the existing base station and the base station becomes less. Non-orthogonal signals interfere with each other and cause lower system capabilities. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. In a specific embodiment, the coverage system may use the same pilot channel as the existing system. In this specific embodiment, the phase of each CDMA code channel covered by the BTS 118 must be aligned with the phase of the pilot signal transmitted by the existing BTS 114, because the far end can use the transmission from the existing BTS 114 The pilot signal is used to form a phase reference to demodulate the data signal from the coverage BTS 118. FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the synchronization unit 128. In a specific embodiment, the synchronization unit 128 includes a pilot signal receiver 140. Pilot Signal Receiver-13- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) &quot; 'Printed by the Consumer Consumption Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 1239153 A7 ------- BI____ 5. The structure of the invention description (11) can be very similar to the structure of a remote unit in order to implement a well-known technique for receiving a pilot signal in a CDMA system. In addition, the synchronization unit 128 includes a coverage channel receiver 142 which can be used to receive a channel from a coverage base station. For example, in a cdma2000 system, the coverage frequency receiver 142 (which can also be constructed according to well-known technologies) can be used to receive the F-CCCH, the forward broadcast control channel (F-CCCH), and the forward broadcast control channel ( F-BCCH), or any other signal. Ideally, supervised signals can be transmitted continuously. The pilot signal receiver U0 can generate a timing and phase # number. The coverage guidance receiver 142 may also generate a timing and phase signal. In a specific embodiment, a single signal can be generated to represent timing and phase. In another embodiment of the invention where the phase is not required, only timing information is available. A phase keyer 144 can compare the phase signal output from the pilot signal receiver 140 with the phase signal output from the overlay channel receiver 142, and generate an error signal representing a phase difference between these signals. The structure of the phase keyer 144 can be implemented in accordance with any number of well-known means to determine the phase error and phase difference. In another embodiment, the synchronization unit may oversee some other channels transmitted by an existing base station such as a calling channel or a synchronization channel. In still another specific embodiment, the coverage BTS 118 may transmit a pilot signal supervised by the synchronization unit 128, and the synchronization unit 128 may supervise another channel transmitted by the existing BTS 114. The phase error signal output by the synchronization unit 128 is coupled to a phase error input covering the BTS 118. The coverage bts 118 can use the phase error signal to modify the phase of the transmission signal from the coverage BTS 118, in order to reduce the phase -14- This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21〇X 297 public copy) ---- ---- ^ --------- (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) 1239153 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (12) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) The magnitude of the bit error. This process can be done by many well-known methods that decide to cover individual designs of BTS 118. For example, the phase error can be used to control a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), which can generate one or more local oscillator frequencies that cover the BTS 118. Alternatively, a phase shifter or delay line may be developed in an analog or digital circuit controlled by an error signal from the synchronization unit 128. In another embodiment, the output of the synchronization unit 128 can be coupled to the existing base station 114 and can be used to adjust the phase therebetween. In general, these processes align the phase of the signal transmitted by the overlay BTS with the signal transmitted by the existing BTS. Because the signals from the existing BTS are aligned with each other and the signals from the overlay BTS are aligned with each other, this alignment has a phase result that aligns all signals with each other. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. In the same method, the synchronization unit 128 can be used to align the timing covering the BTS 118 with the timing of the existing BTS 114. A time error detection unit 146 in the synchronization unit 128 can generate an error signal reflecting the timing of signals output by the existing base station 114 and the cover base station 118. Generally, the existing base station 114 and the coverage base station 118 include a timing generator 'which can be used for adjustment in order to synchronize the system time with a global reference time. The timing error signal generated by the synchronization unit 128 can be coupled to the timing generator to adjust the timing between the existing base station 114 and the covering base station U8, so timing errors can be reduced. Because the signals from the existing BTS are aligned with each other, and the sign from the overlay BTS is aligned with each other, this alignment has the time to align with all the signals from each other. Another important point related to covering a second CDMA system on an existing CDMA system is the need to control the load on each system. Load on the decision -15-

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It is important that the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs develop a licensing strategy. Licensing policies can be treated as if additional voice or profile calls are allowed to allow higher decisions to be used. These permission policies then increase or decrease the load. As described above, in general, the number of active routing channels represents the load on the system, but is not a configuration. Therefore, only the number of active routes is calculated and sent from the existing _ Xia _ to the existing BSC 112 and MSC 110, and this information is transmitted from it to the overlay BSC 116, and finally sent to the overlay BTS 118 will not be provided on the system An exact estimate of negative ^. In addition, this method involves modification of existing systems. However, in order to avoid arbitrary licensing restrictions on each system, a hybrid measurement of load will be developed. The mixed measurement of loads can be used to influence the licensing strategy covering BTS 116 and existing BTS 114, so the total load on each of these bts, s can be kept within a reasonable limit. In a specific embodiment, the synchronization unit 128 can also be used to provide load information covering the system without modifying the existing system. For example, a power measurement unit 148 is coupled to the antenna 126 and can measure power on each forward link code channel generated by the existing and coverage systems. In addition, the pilot signal receiver 140 can determine the power of the pilot channel based on this information. A comparison unit 150 can determine a load representing α according to the following Equation 2. Equation 2 i F λ k J A load less than 1 is used to indicate stable system behavior; -16-This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) AW ^ -------- ^ --- ------ ^ (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) 1239153 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (14

Ep is the energy of the pilot signal; Ic is the total energy of the forward link code channel including the pilot channel;

E p is a predetermined pilot channel, which can ensure the stable operation of the system, and vic is equal to the pilot channel portion.

Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. In a specific embodiment, the comparison unit 150 can calculate a load representation according to Equation 2 and provide this information to the overlay BTS 118 that can use this value in a permissible deductive method. In a specific embodiment, the existing BTS 114 can use a predetermined license deduction method in the same manner as previously used to cover the BTS 118. Please refer to FIG. 4 again. Note that the power measurement unit 148 can measure power on each forward link channel of each channel of the existing system and on each channel of the new coverage system. Therefore, with a specific embodiment in FIG. 2, the power measurement unit 148 may measure power on each forward connection code channel of each of the channels shown. Each of the pilot signal receiver 140, the coverage channel receiver 142, and the power measurement unit 148 can perform signal demodulation. Therefore, in a specific embodiment, these blocks may be implemented in a single time-sharing unit. In another embodiment, at least a portion of the receiver hardware may be shared among these units. In the specific embodiment just described, a single pilot signal may be transmitted by an existing system or an overlay system. The common pilot signal can be used by remote units operating in both systems. In order to determine the 17-channel signal that can be used to demodulate and reroute the channel, this paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) ( (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) 1239153 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (15) A phase reference. In another example, the principle of additional pilot channel operation can be applied to existing systems or overlay and complex I systems. Auxiliary pilots can facilitate the demodulation of signals from the base station. A phase reference used by the return mail unit. Figure 5 is a block diagram of a system in which the coverage system uses an additional pilot channel. In Figure 5, the frost reward η_overwind BSC 116 is coupled to a coverage BTS 160. Covering BTS 160 is converted to an ancient household multi-antenna 162. The azimuth antenna 162 can provide a coverage area within the coverage area of the existing system. For example, Figure 6 shows

The generation of non-azimuth antennas is used. H stands for Schematic. The larger area 170 indicates the coverage area of the antenna 122, while the random X direction and the smaller coverage area 172 indicates the coverage area of the azimuth antenna 62. In the actual system, an azimuth antenna can be used to raise the required area. Its king must include a particularly high load area. For example, an azimuth antenna can be used to provide-a football stadium, a shopping street, or a covered area of a university campus. . In a specific embodiment, the azimuth antenna 162 has the same coverage as the antenna 122. In addition, it is not necessary to have a separate antenna to use the auxiliary pilot channel. In this case, the auxiliary pilot channel can provide a phase reference covering the signal transmitted by the base station in the manner shown in FIG. In this specific embodiment printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the synchronization unit 164 may provide the timing of the existing base station 114 covering the base station 8 or M2. In this specific embodiment, the coverage BTS 160 can transmit an independent pilot orthogonal to the pilot signal transmitted by the existing BTS1U. In a specific embodiment where the coverage bts has a smaller coverage area than the existing BTS, when a remote unit drives from the coverage area 170 into the coverage area 172, the remote unit may perform a transfer from the existing system to the coverage system according to well-known technologies. . In Covered Area -18- 1239153

V. Description of the invention (16 Printed in 72 by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the remote unit can use the pilot signal transmitted by the coverage bts i60 as a relative reference. It is then necessary to synchronize the coverage: The phase of the signal transmitted by the base station 160 and the signal transmitted from the existing BTS 114 is known through the remote unit. Although the cdma2000 system covers IS_ when the auxiliary pilot is used by the coverage system. In the case of the 95 system, phase synchronization is not required between an existing system and an overlay system. Time synchronization is still important for providing orthogonality of the signal. Therefore, in FIG. 5, the synchronization unit 164 and the antenna 166 only need The time synchronization information is provided to the coverage base station 16. In some embodiments, the pilot signal used by the coverage system 16 uses a longer Walsh sequence than the existing BTS. For example, in a specific embodiment When the Walsh symbol used to transmit the pilot from the overlay BTS160 is 512 bits long, the length of the pilot signal transmitted by the existing BTS 114 is 64 bits. A more verbose Walsh sequence The use of RF allows more orthogonal pilot signals to be generated. Therefore, allowing the auxiliary pilot channel to be specified from time to time in a system of additional information about the auxiliary pilot channel can be specified in U.S. Patent No. 08 / 925,521 ( '521 Patent) Name &quot; Method and Apparatus for Providing Orthogonal Spot Beams, Sectors and Picocells · 丨 It is assigned and listed here for reference only. The 521 patent description describes one of the additional pilot channels available to provide Method and device that have minimal impact on the number of available Walsh channels. The '521 patent describes the combination of a Walsh sequence and

The Walsh sequence complement is a method to provide an auxiliary pilot reference sequence. FIG. 7 is a flowchart describing phase synchronization according to the present invention. The description of Figure 7 can be applied directly to time synchronization. In box 200, the existing BTS 114 can be used at -19- Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) •--* 1 ------------ 4 ^ -------- Order --------- line (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) 1239153 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Invention Description ( 17) The antenna 122 transmits a pilot signal using the first CDMA channel. In block 202, the synchronization unit 128 may receive a pilot signal on the antenna 126. In block 204, the overlay BTS 118 may transmit an information number using the second CDMA channel and transmit it on the antenna 122. The information signal may be a routing channel or other remote unit specific signal, or it may be a broadcast signal transmitted by, for example, a synchronization channel or a calling channel. In block 206, the synchronization unit 128 may receive an information signal on the antenna 126. In block 208, the synchronization channel 128 may compare the phase of the pilot signal with the phase of the information signal and generate a phase error representation. In block 210, the overlay BTS 118 may adjust the phase, wherein the information signal is transmitted in response to the phase error signal. In the case of timing synchronization, block 208 may be replaced with a block that compares the timing of the pilot signal with the timing of the information signal to generate a timing error signal. Similarly, block 210 may be replaced with a block that adjusts the timing of transmitting the information signal. Fig. 8 is a flowchart showing a specific embodiment of the load control mechanism according to the present invention. In block 220 ', the existing base station UI4 may transmit a pilot signal and one or more information signals on the antenna 122 by using the first CDMA channel. In block 222, the synchronization unit 128 may receive the pilot signal &apos; on the antenna 126 and determine a power level of the pilot signal. In block 124, the covering base station 1 1 8 may transmit one or more information signals on the antenna 122 by using the second CDMA channel. In block 226, the synchronization unit 128 may receive the transmitted information signals on the antenna 126 by using the first and second CDMA channels and determine the power level of each of the information signals. In block 228, the synchronization unit 128 may determine a value of -20 according to the power measurement. This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) &quot; ----------- · Install -------- order --------- line (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 1239153 ____ V. Description of the invention (18) / 、 Load level. In another specific embodiment, the determination of the load may be calculated within the coverage 118 or at some other location. In block 130, the level may be used to determine one of the licensing criteria for transmitting additional signal permissions from the overlay BTS 118 using the second cdma channel. That is, referring to Figs. 7 and 8 and another specific embodiment described above, the process of obtaining the energy of the 仏 number via a second day, the spring can be performed by using the one-way coupler or other 仏 number energy coupling mechanism as described above. The invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. For example, in a specific embodiment, when the existing system has a wider frequency channel, the coverage system is a system with a narrower channel bandwidth. In a specific embodiment, more than two systems can cover each other. The specific embodiments described are only considered from the perspective of all narratives, and are not limiting. Therefore, the scope of patent application of the present invention is through the following patent application scope, rather than the previous description. All changes in the meaning and scope of patent application will be included in the scope of the present invention. ------------ · Installation -------- Order --------- Line · (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Wisdom of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Property Agency's Consumer Cooperatives-21-This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm)

Claims (1)

123 series No. 3l 18724 patent application Chinese patent application scope replacement (February 1992) AB c D is being charged for repairing A1 ^, applying for patent scope 1, a type covering a second CDMA system on a first CDMA system A method comprising the following steps: transmitting a first signal by using a first CDMA channel; transmitting a second signal by using a second CDMA channel, wherein the first and second CDMA channels share at least one Share a common frequency spectrum, where the first signal and the second signal can be transmitted to a common coverage area to obtain the signal energy corresponding to the first signal; obtain the signal energy corresponding to the second signal; The phase is compared with a phase of the second signal to generate a phase error representation according to the obtained signal energy; and adjusting a phase, wherein the second signal is transmitted in response to the phase error representation. 2. The method according to item 1 of the patent application, wherein the first signal is a pilot signal. 3. The method of claim 1 in which the steps of transmitting the first and second signals include the steps of transmitting the first and second signals on a first antenna. 4. The method according to item 3 of the scope of patent application, wherein the steps of obtaining signal energy corresponding to the first and second signals include those that can receive the first and second signals on a second antenna. step. This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) AB c D 1239153 VI. Patent application scope 5. As the method of the first patent application scope, the signal energy corresponding to the second signal is obtained This step includes steps through the use of a coupler. 6. The method of claim 1 in the patent application range, wherein the second CDMA channel has a wider spectrum than the first CDMA channel. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first CDMA channel has a wider spectrum than the second CDMA channel. 8. The method of claim 1 in which the second signal is a remote unit special signal. 9. The method of claim 1 in which the second signal is an information signal. 10. The method of claim 1 in which the second signal is a broadcast signal. 11. A method for covering a second CDMA system on a first CDMA system, comprising the following steps: transmitting a first signal by using a first CDMA channel; transmitting a first by using a second CDMA channel A second signal, wherein the first and second CDMA channels share at least a part of a common frequency spectrum, and wherein the first signal and the second signal can be transmitted to a common coverage area; Signal energy; Obtain the signal energy corresponding to the second signal; -2- This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) AB c D 1239153 6. The scope of the patent application for the first signal A timing is compared with a timing of the second signal so as to generate a timing error representation according to the obtained signal energy, and adjust a timing, wherein the second signal is transmitted in response to the timing error indication. 12-The method according to item 11 of the patent application, wherein the first signal is a pilot signal. 13. The method according to the scope of application for patent application, wherein the steps of transmitting the first and second signals include the step of transmitting the first and second signals on a first antenna. 14. The method according to item 13 of the patent application, wherein the steps of obtaining the signal energy corresponding to the first and second signals are steps including receiving the first and second signals on a second antenna. Alas. 15. The method according to the scope of application for patent application, wherein the step of obtaining the signal energy corresponding to the second signal includes the step of using a coupler. 16. The method according to item 1 of the patent application range, wherein the second cdmA channel has a wider spectrum than the first CDMA channel. Π. The method of claim 丨 丨, wherein the first cdMa channel has a wider spectrum than the second CDMA channel. 18. The method of claim ^, wherein the second signal is a special signal of a remote unit. -3- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 mm) AB c D 1239153 VI. Application for patent scope 19 · If the method for applying for patent scope item 11 is used, the second signal is a Information signal. 20. The method of claim 11 in which the second signal is a broadcast signal. 21. A method for covering a second coma system on a first CDMA system, comprising the following steps: receiving a first signal and one or more first information signals, the first information signals may be Using a first CDMA channel signal and providing services in a first coverage area; receiving one or more second information signals, the second information may use a second CDMA channel signal, and providing at least a portion of the first CDMA channel signal A coverage area; determining a power level of the first signal; determining a power level of one of the one or more first information signals; determining each of the one or more second information signals The power level of the user; and the power level of the first signal and the one or more first and second information signals to determine a load within the at least the portion of the first coverage area Level. 22. The method according to item 21 of the patent application scope, further comprising transmitting the one or more first information signals and the one or more -4- a paper standard applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) AB c D 1239153 6. The second step of patent application scope. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the receiving steps include a step of receiving signal energy on a first antenna. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the receiving steps include the step of using a coupler. 25. The method of claim 21, further comprising using the load level to determine a permission standard to allow the information signal transmitted by using the second CDMA channel. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the second CDMA channel has a wider spectrum than the first CDMA channel. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein the first CDMA channel has a wider spectrum than the second CDMA channel. 28. The method of claim 21, wherein the first signal is a pilot signal. 29. A CDMA system comprising: a first base station configured to transmit a first signal; a second base station configured to transmit a second signal; and a synchronization unit configured to receive the first signal The first signal and the second signal may be configured to determine a relative phase difference therebetween. The second base station may be further configured to adjust a phase, and the second signal may be transmitted according to the related phase difference. 30. If the CDMA system in the 29th scope of the patent application, further includes, 8 8 8 8 AB c D 1239153, the first antenna in the patent scope is connected to these first and second base stations, and the The first signal and the second signal. 31. The CDMA system according to item 29 of the application, wherein the first signal is a pilot signal and the second signal is an information signal. 32. The CDMA system according to item 29 of the application, wherein the first signal is transmitted using a first CDMA channel, and the second signal is transmitted using a second CDMA channel. 33. A CDMA system comprising: a first base station configured to transmit a first signal; a second base station configured to transmit a second signal; and a synchronization unit configured to receive the first signal The first signal and the second signal, and their configuration may determine a relative timing difference therebetween; wherein the second base station is further configured to adjust a timing when the second signal is transmitted according to the relative timing difference. 34. A CDMA system comprising: a first base station configured to transmit a first signal and one or more first information signals, the first information signal providing services in a first coverage area; A second base station configured to transmit one or more second information signals having a second CDMA channel, and the second information signals may provide at least a part of the service of the first coverage area; and a synchronization unit, It is configured to obtain -6 corresponding to these first signals.-This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 mm) ABCD 1239153. 6. One power level for each of the patent applications. , And the one or more first and second information signals; wherein the second synchronization unit is further configured to measure according to the power of the first signal and the one or more first and second information signals. The power measurements determine what the * -negative level is within the first coverage area of the at least the part. 35. The CDMA system according to item 34 of the application, wherein the second base station is further configured to determine a permission standard for permitting the use of the second CDMA channel to transmit an information signal. 36. A synchronization unit comprising: a first receiver configured to receive a first signal having a first CDMA channel, and generating a timing representation of the first signal; a second receiver, @ 其 置 to receive a second signal with a second CDMA channel and generate a timing representation of the second signal; and a time error detection unit configured to match the timing of the first signal with the second signal The timings of the signals are compared to determine a relative timing offset representation for adjusting a transmission timing of the second signal. 37. For example, the synchronization unit of claim 36, wherein the synchronization unit may further include an antenna through which the first and second signals can be received. 38. For example, the synchronization unit of the 36th scope of the patent application, wherein the synchronization unit may further include a coupler, and the coupler may receive the paper size of the first garment through the coupler. Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21〇X 297) (Mm) 1239153 A8 Β8 C8 I___________ D8 VI. A patent application for a scope and a signal of the second signal. 39. For the synchronization unit under the scope of application for patent No. 36, the first and first receivers can share at least a part of the hardware. 40. The synchronization unit of item 36 of the patent application, wherein the first and second receivers are single time-sharing units. 41. The synchronization unit of claim 36, further comprising a phase error detection unit configured to compare a phase of the first signal with a phase of the second signal to determine a relative phase offset. Shift the expression to adjust a transmission phase of the second signal. 42. For example, the synchronization unit of the patent application No. 36 further includes a power measurement unit configured to determine a power level of the first and second signals; and a comparison unit whose configuration may be determined at You should wait for a load level within a coverage area of the first and second signals. 43. A synchronization unit comprising: a first receiver configured to receive a first signal and one or more first information signals having a first CDMA channel; the first information signals may provide a first A coverage area service; a second receiver configured to receive one or more second information signals having a second CDMA channel, and the second information signals may provide at least a portion of the services of the first coverage area A power measurement unit configured to determine a power level of the first signal, -8 of each of the one or more first information signals, the paper standard is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 Specifications (210 X 297 mm) 1239153 ☆, patented range power level, and power level of each of the one or more second information signals; and a comparison unit configured to be based on the first The power level of a signal and the power levels of the one or more first and second information signals determine a load level within the first coverage area of the at least the portion. 44. A CD Μ A system, comprising: a device for transmitting a first signal using a first CDMA channel; and a device for transmitting a second signal using a second CDMA channel, wherein the first and first The two channels share at least a part of a common frequency spectrum and wherein the first signal and the second signal are transmitted into a common coverage area; a device for obtaining signal energy related to the first signal; for obtaining information related to the first signal Means for comparing the signal energy of the second signal; means for comparing a phase of the first signal with _phase of the second signal to generate a phase error index according to the obtained signal energy; and means for adjusting a phase therein The second signal is a device transmitted in response to a phase error indicator. 45 · — A c D Μ A system, comprising: a first CDMA channel is used to transmit a first letter, the paper size of this paper applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) AB c D 1239153 6. Application for a patent application; a device for transmitting a second signal using a second CDMA channel, wherein the first and second channels share at least a portion of a common frequency spectrum and wherein the first signal and the second The signal is transmitted into a common coverage area of the person; a device for obtaining the signal energy related to the first signal; a device for obtaining the signal energy related to the second signal; a time sequence for comparing the first signal Means for generating a timing error index with the second signal according to the obtained signal energy; and means for adjusting a timing signal in which the second signal is transmitted in response to the phase error index. 46 · A CD M A system comprising: a device for receiving a first signal and one or more first information signals, the first information signals using a first CDMA channel and providing services to a first coverage Area; a device for receiving one or more second information signals, the second information signals using a second CDMA channel and providing services to at least a part of the first coverage area; for determining a power of the first signal Level device; a device used to determine the power level of each of the one or more second information signals; and -10- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 public expense)- -Lu Binding 1239153 as B8 C8 D8 6. The scope of the patent application is used to determine the interval between the at least part of the first coverage area based on the power level of the first signal and the multiple first and second information signals. A load level device. 47. A CDMA method comprising: transmitting a first signal; transmitting a second signal; receiving the first signal and the second signal and determining a relative phase difference therebetween; and adjusting a phase, wherein the second Signals are transmitted based on this relative phase difference. 48. A CDMA method comprising: transmitting a first signal; transmitting a second signal; and receiving the first signal and the second signal and determining a relative phase difference therebetween; wherein the second base station is further Configured to adjust a timing, wherein the second signal is transmitted according to the relative timing difference. 49. A CD M A method, comprising: transmitting a first signal and one or more first information signals, the first information signal providing service to a first coverage area; transmitting one or more having a second CDMA channel The second information signal, these second information signals provide services to -11 of the first coverage area-This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 mm) 1239153 Six patent application scopes A8 B8 C8 D8 at least-partly; and obtaining a power level associated with each of the first signals and one or more of the first and second lean signals; wherein the second synchronization unit is further configured to be based on the first The power measurement of the signal and the one or more first and second information signals. The power measurement determines what level / negative of the at least part of the first coverage area. 50. A CDMA method comprising: receiving a first signal having a first CDMA channel and generating an index of a timing of the first signal; receiving a second signal having a second CDMA channel and generating An index of a timing of the second signal; and comparing the timing of the first signal and the timing of the second signal to determine a relative timing offset index for adjusting a transmission timing of the second signal. 51. A CD Μ A system comprising: receiving a first signal having a first CDMA channel and one or more first information signals, the first information signals providing services to a first coverage area; and receiving having A second signal of one second CDMA channel and one or more second information signals, and the second information signals provide services to at least a part of the first coverage area; -12- Wood and paper standards are applicable to China National Standards (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public directors) 8 8 8 8 AB c D 1239153 6. The scope of the patent application determines one power level of the first signal, one power level of each of the one or more first information signals, and each A power level of the one or more second information signals; and determining the at least a portion of the first coverage area based on the power level of the first signal and the one or more first and second information signals One load level. _ Binding -13- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 x 297 mm)