TWI238814B - Fiber cement building materials with low density additives - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to a formulation with the addition of low density additives of volcanic ash, hollow ceramic microspheres or a combination of microspheres and volcanic ash or other low density additives into cementitious cellulose fiber reinforced building materials. This formulation is advantageously lightweight or low density compared as compared to current fiber cement products without the increased moisture expansion and freeze-thaw degradation usually associated with the addition of lightweight inorganic materials to fiber cement mixes. The low density additives also give the material improved thermal dimensional stability.

Description

Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 1238814

2. Description of the invention (Field of the invention: The present invention relates to building materials and manufacturing methods thereof, in particular, low-density additives (LDA) are added to cement-like celluloid fiber-reinforced construction materials. Background of the invention: Fiber-reinforced cement (FRC) such as waterproof construction version ) The product has been used in construction since 1895. The reinforcing fibers used in this product recently include not only asbestos fibers, but also celluloid fibers (see Australian Patent No. 515151), metal fibers, glass fibers and Other natural and synthetic fibers. In general, the density of the architectural version is between 丨. 2_L 7 g / cm3. This density range can generally be determined by the pressure of the fiber cement slurry used in the manufacturing process: shrinkage and dehydration. Achieved with the change in the amount of fiber used. At this density, 'the basic structure of the cement has very few holes, and the result will be a lower water absorption rate.' Low water absorption rate is most often considered for the performance of the cement structure. The density of fiber cement indicates that this product is heavier than the wood-based products of the same size and has poor workability. Workability includes operation And the ease of installation. Therefore, fiber cement construction products are more difficult to cut, process and fix than wood and wood-based products. In this regard, the density of natural wood boards is about 0.7 to 0 for dry hardwood. 9 g / cm3, and about 0.38-0.6 g / cm3 for dry softwood. Therefore, a fiber cement material with a modified density similar to the density of wood will improve workability and weight, be easier to fix, and easier to cut. And processing its products. However, if this modified golden fiber cement is used in the same range of application, it must be able to reach the retention fiber. Page 2 This paper applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21〇X 297 public love) _ " " " " '---- (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page)

1238814 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 V. Description of the invention () Cement's durability, fire resistance, corrosion resistance and water resistance. The prior art mentioned how to add lightweight inorganic powders for density correction of cement or fiber reinforced cement materials. Low-density additives for FRC products are defined at a bulk bulk density of about 0.8 g / cffl3 (50 ibs./cu.ft.) Or less. This typical low density additive (LDA) uses low bulk density calcium carbonate hydrate (CSH), expanded polystyrene particles (EPS), expanded vermiculite, expanded perlite, expanded shale, and expanded clay. The modification of the density of cement materials with this inorganic particle is mainly achieved through the introduction of porosity. Generally, when the material is immersed in water or exposed to rain for a period of time, its pores become filled with water. This will cause these materials to have poor wet-to-dry dimensional stability (moisture resistance), high saturation quality, and poor freeze resistance. Based on the foregoing, there is a need for a lightweight FRC building material and a method of manufacturing the same to improve the wet-to-dry dimensional stability better than typical modified density products. Secondly, if the density correction material is used in the same application range, the lightweight construction material should maintain a wet-to-dry dimensional stability similar to that without the density correction material < FRC product. In addition, in some applications it is better for materials to have lower saturation quality, good resistance to stagnation, and high temperature dimensional stability. Finally, it is also desirable to have an FRC construction product that is closer to the lower density range of wood and wood products and has improved durability. The purpose and summary of the invention:-Two low-density additives have been evaluated, and the paper size of the FRC building materials is smaller than that of the table on page 3. The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm). • HI — It ttw · IIIIIII ^ · 1111111 —AKV — (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) A7 1238814 V. Description of the invention () The low density additive has more satisfactory characteristics. Bamboo 丨 Every two kinds of low-density additives are volcanic ash and hollow ceramic microspheres. The lean month of the present invention < One embodiment includes adding volcanic ash (VA) to the FRC building material. ; The two examples of signing and drying can include adding 2 ceramic microspheres (microspheres) to FRC building materials. The second embodiment incorporates a mixture of microspheres with pozzolan and / or other typical low density Z = agents into the FRC building material. The second embodiment of the first embodiment is to mix the microspheres with volcanic ash and / or other typical low-frequency additives, such as low-intensity, low-frequency, and low-intensity additives, than the first embodiment that only introduces volcanic ash. The addition of microspheres in the two embodiments may be better than the first or third embodiment described above, and this depends on the characteristics to be considered in the specific application example. Compared with the current FRC products, one advantage of the first embodiment using pozzolans is that it provides low density and improved workability of the product at an economical price, and also improves the size of the product compared to typical low density additives. stability. The second embodiment involves adding microspheres to a fiber cement product. Compared with the current FRC products, the benefits of adding microspheres include reducing the density of the product and improving its workability without increasing the problem of water swelling or freeze-thaw peeling caused by the addition of lightweight inorganic materials to the FRC mixture. In addition, the addition of microspheres provides improved thermal dimensional stability to the FRC material. The third embodiment is about adding microspheres with pozzolan and / or other typical low density additives to the FRC material. Mixing microspheres with other low-density additives has its advantages. Because pozzolan and other typical low-density additives have a lower density than microspheres, they can be used with less weight. Page 4 This paper applies Chinese national standards ( CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) — na ·· — i · — Mmaf —ϋ «1 an an ^ 9 in n 11 n I in IB-1 I #Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

1238814 A7 " ~ 一 ——------- —__ B7______ V. Description of the invention () ^ -—— 一-of J ~ Additive (compared with microspheres only) to achieve lower density frc system, at the same time This allows the fiber cement products to reach a lower density range and further improve workability, while the microspheres reduce all the adverse effects of wet to dry dimensional stability and overall durability of all typical low density additives. Therefore, in one aspect of the present invention, a building material is provided to a blending ratio of fiber-reinforced cement and a low-density additive is incorporated into the blending ratio. The addition of this low-intensity and low-density additive to this formulation is compared with a building material with the same fiber-reinforced cement ratio and no low-density additive to reduce the density of the building material. For a building material with the same fiber-reinforced cement ratio without low-density additives, the increase in moisture expansion is less than 20%. It is best to add this low-density additive to the mix compared to a building material with the same fiber-reinforced cement ratio and no low-density additive to reduce the density of the building material, while the low-density additive is the same Fiber-reinforced cement construction materials without low-density additives can maintain or reduce the water expansion of this construction material. The density of this building material is preferably about 1.2 g / cm3 or less. In another aspect of the invention, the proportion of a building material is provided to form a building article. The ratio contains at least a hydraulic binder, aggregate, fiber and pozzolan. In one embodiment, more than 10% of volcanic ash is added to a building product made with the same proportion without volcanic ash to improve workability and reduce the density of the final building product. In another embodiment, the proportion of volcanic ash is insignificant in terms of the water expansion rate of the final product. Page 5 This paper is applicable to the China House Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21Q x 297 public love) '--- 1238814 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the invention (the difference in the way, this product can maintain or increase the water expansion rate below 2⑽ compared with the construction products made of the same proportion without volcanic ash. In order to achieve this degree of density correction, the increased moisture movement is surprisingly low. With the same composition on the surface, it has been found that there is a difference in water expansion rate for the volcanic ash ratio. This difference is mainly due to the raw materials The surface area changes. In another aspect of the present invention, a method for forming a low-density building material is provided. A hydraulic cement, aggregate, pozzolan, and water are mixed to form a cement slurry. This cement slurry is processed into A shaped, non-strength article. The article is cured to form a low density building material. In one embodiment, the article is cured with high pressure steam In another embodiment, the density of the low-density building material is about L 2 g / cm3 or lower, and the water expansion rate is about 0.17% or lower. In another aspect of the present invention, a building The material ratio includes hydraulic binder, aggregate, fiber, and hollow ceramic microspheres. The final construction material has a degree of about 1.2 g / cm3 or less. In one embodiment, the ratio is about There are 4.1 15% celluloid fibers. In a preferred embodiment, the microspheres are made by adding more than 15%, and even more preferably more than 30% of microspheres, with the same proportions Compared with building products, the microspheres can reduce the density of the final building products. In another embodiment, by adding more than 5%, even preferably more than 10% of microspheres, and the same ratio Compared with the construction products made of microspheres, the microspheres can reduce the moisture expansion rate of the final construction products. In a preferred embodiment, this ratio provides microspheres with other such as volcanic ash and / or low volume Density Carbonate Hydrate Page 6 This paper applies Chinese National Standards (CNS) A4 size (210 X 297 mm) • ϋ nn am— 1 ι ϋ n Mmmme I · · 1 nn IV mm— n ϋ J, · emt «ϋ · ϋ 1_1 n emamm I t (Please read the precautions on the back first (Fill in this page again) 1238814 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. A combination of additional low-density additives such as the description of invention ((CSΗ). In another aspect of the present invention, one forms a low-density building material. The method includes mixing hydraulic binder, aggregate, fiber, hollow ceramic microspheres and water to make a cement slurry. This cement slurry is processed into a shaped, non-strength article. Conserve this item to form a low density building material. The density of this final and final building material is about 1.2 g / cm3 or lower. In one embodiment, more than about 4% of the fibers are blended to make a cement slurry. In another embodiment, the item is cured with high pressure steam. Brief description of the drawings: Figure 1 is the distribution map of MIP pore size of a plate made by Hat schek with and without hollow ceramic microspheres after the freeze-thaw test. Figure 2 is a BET hole size distribution of a plate made by Hat schek with and without hollow ceramic microspheres after a freeze-thaw test. Fig. 3 is a SEM photograph illustrating that a plate manufactured by Hatschek with 10 wt.% Hollow ceramic microspheres had no peeling after 147 freeze-thaw test cycles. Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the addition of a low density additive, density and strength. Detailed description of the invention: A preferred embodiment of the present invention describes a fiber reinforced cement construction material incorporating at least one of two low density additives-hollow ceramic microspheres and / or pozzolan. It will be understood that these additives can not only be used for page 7 of this paper. The paper size is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) --------- 1!-^^ Packing ------ (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Order --------- 0. 1238814 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 ------ ----- B7_ V. Description of the invention () Type of building material (that is, fiber reinforced material), and it can also be used for other = building materials. Beyond that, Qian Wei; the combination of body-seeking and / or volcanic ash and other improvements is also considered to reduce density and improve the overall performance of building materials. Furthermore, other low-density additives similar to hollow ceramic microspheres and volcanic ash also achieve the characteristics of reducing density when they can maintain or reduce the moisture expansion rate of the final product, and also improve workability, durability and other characteristics (such as (Discussed below), all of which are considered in the perspective of the present invention. 1. One Example-Volcanic Rhenium In the first embodiment, the present invention relates to the addition of volcanic ash to cement, a celluloid fiber-reinforced building material. Volcanic ash is also commonly referred to as "airborne perlite" pumice stone, or, pumice ore. Volcanic ash is generally a natural glass derived from magma during volcanic eruptions. Volcanic ash is cooled by high temperature magma A relatively light sandy deposit is formed, so its material is composed of about 30wt.% Crystalline mineral and 70wt.% Amorphous pozzolan glass. It has a typical valley density of about 25-751bs./cu .ft .. Usually these volcanic ash expand by heat to change its morphology and reach a lighter weight material with a typical bulk density ranging from 2-25 lbs · / cii · ft ·. Expanded volcanic ash has a range from less than microns to A wide range of particle sizes of 425 microns, with medium particle sizes ranging from 20 to 100 microns. Its chemical composition mainly includes silicon (Si〇2), aluminum oxide (ai203), and potassium oxide (K2 〇). Volcanic ash or expanded volcanic ash can be obtained from suppliers such as:

Tufflite Inc. of Phoenix, AZ; California Industrial Page 8 This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 meals)-Aw Μ --------------- --A_VJ. (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) 1238814 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs

Minerals of Friant, CA; US Pumice of Chatsworth, CA; Amcor Precast of Idaho Falls, ID; Hess Pumice Products of Malad City, ID; Kansas Minerals Inc. of Mankato, KS; Calvert Corporation of Norton, KS; Copar Pumice Company of Espanola, NM; CR Minerals of Santa Fe, NM; Utility Block of Alburquerque NM; and Cascade Pumice of Bend, OR 〇 A preferred ratio of the first embodiment of the present invention includes hydraulic binder, aggregate, fiber , Volcanic ash and additives. The hydraulic binder is preferably Portland cement but may be (but is not limited to) high alumina cement, lime, blast furnace cement and gypsum or mixtures thereof. The aggregate is preferably ground silica sand but it can also be (but is not limited to) amorphous silicon, diatom soil, rice hull ash, blast furnace stone, ground slag, iron slag, inorganic oxide, inorganic hydroxide Materials, clays, magnesite or limestone, polymeric particles, metal oxides and hydroxides, or mixtures thereof. The fibers are preferably celluloid pulp but can be (but not limited to) ceramic fibers, glass fibers, inorganic cotton, metal fibers, and materials such as polyurethanes, polyesters, polypropylene, polymethylpentane, polypropylene Acid nitrite, polyacrylic acid amino compound, viscose, nylon, pvc, PVA, snail, glass ceramic, carbon and other artificial polymer fibers or mixtures thereof. Additives may include, but are not limited to, silica rustic, geothermal silica, flame retardants, thickeners, pigments, colorants, plasticizers, dispersants, foaming agents, coagulants, waterproofing agents, organic density improvement Agent, aluminum powder, kaolin, hydroxide hydroxide, mica, metal kaolin, calcium carbonate, silicon ore, polymer resin glue, or mixtures thereof. I — — — — — — — — ^ -------- I --- 111 (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Page 9

Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 1238814 V. Description of the invention () Volcanic ash can be used for various construction products. There are different proportions of hydraulic construction products. They all have more adhesives, aggregates, volcanoes, Uses (U additives to achieve ^ known walls, roofs, decoration, lining boards for magnetic monument substrates, /, exposed bottom surface, temples) < excellent properties. It can be added at a ratio of seven t π j r% to a person's mountain ash Γ depending on the required use to make changes. One winter has about 5Q / β η 〇 / a better composition package "'about 0%' 10% additives and about 2% -50% of volcanic ash. A special example containing a typical composition of volcanic ash is as follows: Portland Cement (bonding agent) 28% silica sand (aggregate) 54% celluloid (fiber) 7% metal hydroxide (additive) 4% pozzolan (low-level, low-density additive) γ% The cement and silica sand should preferably have 2%. The fineness index of 0 to 45 mVkg. The fineness index for both cement and silica sand is tested according to the specifications of ASTM C204. These materials can be obtained from traditional methods known to those familiar with this technology. The liquid mixture or cement slurry transforms into a shaped, non-strength article, such as: * Hatschek version manufacturing method; Spring Mazza tube manufacturing method; φ Magnani manufacturing method; • injection molding; • extrusion; Page 10 This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) --------! Loading ------ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page ) Order --------- ring A7 1238814 ____B7___ 5. Description of the invention ( • hand 1 ay-up; • template method (mo 1 di ng); • casting method (cas ti ng); • filter pressing method; ♦ flow on machine ), Roll forming, etc. With or without post extrusion. The steps and parameters used to complete the final product using the Hatschek method are described in Australian Patent No. 5 1 5 1 5 1. This material is preferably pre-cured to 80 Hours, preferably 24 hours or less, to allow this proportion to set and set. Then the material is cured in the atmosphere (about 28 days), or preferably filled with steam at 120 to 180 ° C. The high temperature and high pressure furnace is cured for 3 to 30 hours, the best condition is 24 hours or less. The choice of curing time is determined by the proportion, the manufacturing method and the shape of the article. Test density and workmanship The addition of pozzolan to fiber cement materials can reduce the density at an economical price and improve the overall workability. At the same time, the addition of typical low-density additives has also been observed to reduce the water expansion rate. Pozzolan-added products are lighter and therefore easier to handle. , Fix and draw the line to cut into the desired Add the proportion of volcanic ash while reducing the cracks and fragments generated when the nail is close to the edge of the plate (such as 3 / 8_3 / 4 ,, etc.) β The following table 丨 and table 2 describe the FRC ratio and these ratios The test results have more particularly demonstrated the advantages of adding pozzolan to reduce density and improve workability. Table 1-Table 2 Test result ratio Page 11 ------------ --- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling and writing this page) ϋ ϋ n ϋ a-β ' H ϋ 1 ϋ I ϋ ϋ I · Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy 1238814 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention () Proportion type _____ ____ ____ Round __1_ Expansion fire. ': Mountain Ash Cement_Round_ Low Fiber Density-Additive B 28. 7 60. 3 7. 0 4. 0 K 28. 7 52. 8 7. 0 4. 0 7. 5 Comparison test method of adding volcanic ash characteristics_ 恋 _ | __; 丨 :: | __ ^ ____ 丨: |; 丨;: | _ | _ | _ ^^^ III Round ^ Control group without low-density zeolite furnace Density (g / cm3) 1.11 1. 34 Nail penetration depth 3 (balanced) 2 Length of nail material mm 45. 4 33. 0 Nail length = 50mm (2 in.) Standard deviation 1.1 1.0 (Please read the back first (Notes to fill out this page)

Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 1 Control group with a ratio B of 7. 5wt.% In ratio K has been replaced by 7.5% of fire mountain ash. 2 Equilibrium state-the sample is in a controlled atmosphere 73 ± 4 ° F humidity 50 ± 5%. Please refer to the definition and description of the following text for the penetration depth test. 3 Please refer to the definition and description of the following text for the penetration test. Table 2 above compares the test results of the standard version with and without pozzolan 10 ”x 10” filter extrusion. The standard version is based on Hobart on page 12. The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 1238814 Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention () Mixing the bucket to form a homogeneous cement slurry While manufacturing. This slurry was then placed between two steel filter plates using Wabash Press (model # PC-75-4TM) at 3500 psi for one minute to form a monolithic plate. The grout is supported by a wire mesh (30 to 40 US mesh) underneath and mixed in a steel mold above the grout. This entire lithographic plate is then pre-cured for about 12 hours and cured in a steam-filled high-temperature and high-pressure furnace at 150 ° C for about 12 hours. In Table 2, the proportion K of volcanic ash added with 7 · 5 w t.% Is compared with the same proportion B of volcanic ash not added to the control group. The proportion K reduces the density from 1.34 g / cm3 to 1.11 g. / cm3 is about π%. The same ratio is defined here as the low-density additive (such as pozzolan) replaced by the same proportion of binder, aggregate and / or additive, and preferably replaced by the same proportion of aggregate. Decreasing the density also improves the ability to nail, or makes it easier to drive nails into the plate. The test results showed that the penetration depth increased from 33.0 min to 45.4 mm, where 50 mm indicates that the length of the nail is therefore the maximum depth of penetration. The penetration depth test included the use of a Paslode Impulse® plug-inless equipment gun (forward configuration) to drive a stacked plate to confirm consistent penetration pressure. This laminated version is generally stacked with a 1 / 4-1 / 2 "thick plate to a height greater than the nail length (2 in. Or 50mm). Use Sene o6d galvanized flat head nails (part # GC21AABN). Therefore In one embodiment, compared with a typical building lithography with a density of about 1.3 g / Cm3, the above-mentioned ratio of building materials results in a final product having a density of less than 1.2 g / cm3. More preferably, The addition of volcanic ash to the ratio is best to adjust the density of the final product to 1.2 g / cm3 or lower, or to comply with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21 () χ 297 mm) in accordance with the paper size on page 13. ------ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling and writing this page) Γ ϋ 1 n ^ t 0 tn an ϋ ϋ 1 · fl-printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 1238814 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention () ^ ~ No volcanic ash < Compared with the same proportion, it can reduce the density of i ％ or more. Further considering the addition of more volcanic ash can further reduce the & degree of building products. # 1 Dry pen stability Tang Yi added the traditional density improver to the finished fiber cement ratio and no Compared with the FRC ratio of the density additive, it has a higher water expansion rate and a higher water absorption rate on the basis of increasing the weight. An advantage of the first embodiment over the prior art is that the addition of pozzolan can achieve the required It has lower moisture expansion rate than other traditional low-density additives on the basis of introducing a similar weight ratio. The moisture-to-dry dimensional stability is in terms of the quality and durability of the installed building products. It is necessary ', especially in outdoor applications that are subject to severe climate change. Good dimensional stability can reduce any gaps that break between building panels or thick plates or lengths. Good dimensional stability It can also reduce the possibility of plate cracking due to the gradual stress generated between the dimensional change or the thick plate and the supporting frame that the product is fastened. The following Tables 3 and 4 explain the FRC ratio and the test of these ratios The result 'is more special to explain the advantages of adding volcanic ash to reduce density while adding other low density additives on the same weight basis to reduce water swelling Table 3-Table 4 Test results K ratio Type Portland 穸 沙-珞 赛 珞 珞 Metal hydrogen :,, 乂, 〆 ', S ,, s xs, Expansion treasure:' ,,,: 、、、、 ^ 丨 Fiber 丨 :: 义! 面 1: Discussing_Turtle ::: 雠 1 Xinzang Yipolailai 1: __________ face ^, 1 position,,, S ^, office,-mm -Page u The paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) {Please read the back page < Precautions before filling out this page} Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairsπ

1238814 A7 B7

，， 私 岭 # 美-· ^ H Maiming r: Dry and dense! __ Fiber_ Yi Yi Han Yan Yi Yi 丨 Degree (g / cms > Water swelling, swelling B2 control group-no LDA 1. 33 0 · 18 soil 0 · 0 2 K3 7 · 5% volcanic ash 1. 11 0 · 17 soil 0 · 0 2 L perlite 1. 22 0 · 22 ± 0. 0 2: Out of control; rough _________ The moisture swelling rate of the water is the length change of the product from saturation to the oven dry state. The change formula of water. 5. · 22. sub-expansion rate% is: length initial one length length-χ1 00 (Please read the back Note: Please fill in this page again.) The entire description of this preferred embodiment, printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, considers ratio B as the control group. However, when no sample contains ratio B, it is used in In all tests, any one of the samples will find a nominal difference in its test results. The aggregate B in the control group of 7. 5wt.% Has been replaced by volcanic ash in the proportion of κ. Page 15 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) ni ϋ—.

Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 1238814 V. Description of the invention () The above table 4 shows ι〇, χ1〇, the standard version of the filter extrusion is compared with the addition of 7.5wt ·% of volcanic ash and 5.0 Test results of% perlite (Harborlite 2000 provided by Harborlite) and typical low-density additives. The ratio of 5.0% of the perlite with L in the control group and the control group in the water expansion rate increased by 2 2 · 2% 'and the ratio of κ with 7.5% volcanic ash and the control group in the water expansion rate showed It is reduced by more than 50/0. Therefore, the addition of typical desire modifiers with pozzolan ratio additives at the same or lower weight ratios provides better dimensional stability. Compared with traditional low-density additives, the same or higher volcanic ash can make it achieve the characteristics of reduced density and better workability. Even better, the amount of volcanic ash added can be adjusted to show a slight difference in water expansion rate when compared with the same ratio of volcanic ash-free. In one embodiment, compared with building products made without adding volcanic ash in the same proportion, the addition of volcanic ash will increase the water expansion rate of the final product to less than 20%, and it is better to reduce the water expansion of the final product. rate. In a preferred embodiment, a building product made from a composition containing pozzolan has a water expansion rate of about 0.17% or less. 2. Chapter Two Embodiments-Hollow Pottery Microbees The first embodiment of the present invention includes adding hollow pottery microspheres to cement celluloid fiber reinforced building materials. The second embodiment of this hollow ceramic microsphere will be better than the first embodiment containing pozzolanic because adding microspheres in the fRC material has better water resistance and combines other durability advantages. , And thermal dimensional stability. It will be understood that the preferred embodiment of this second embodiment is not limited to these microspheres or building materials. Page 16 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 public love) _

A7 1238814 V. Description of the invention () Material type. Therefore, other types of fillers and building materials can also be considered.

Microspheres can be natural, synthetic, or a by-product. This material can be finished in a day-to-day type but is usually an amorphous type or glass. One of the preferred forms of microspheres is hollow ceramic microspheres, which are generally called polymeric spheres. Polymeric spheres are a by-product of coal ash. They are generally separated from fly ash by the float method, which allows the spheres to float on water from a purifier, pond or pond. This microsphere is available from products such as Extendospheres @,

Recyclospheres® and Zeeospheres (R), and are available from the following suppliers: PQ Corporation of Chattanooga, Tennessee; Zeelan

Industries Inc. / 3M of St. Paul, Minnesota; Sphere

Service, Inc. of Oak Ridge, Tennessee; and Advanced

Cement Technologies (A.C.T.) of Blaine, gtgt. The microspheres typically have particle sizes ranging from ι2 to 300 microns, and medium particle sizes ranging from 80 to ι20. These sizes can of course be changed from sample to sample. The preferred microspheres generally contain about 6 2-65% 3 2 0 2, about 23-26% 8 2 0 3 and about 3.0- 4.0%

FeW3. When it is introduced into building materials, the microspheres introduced into the pores of the material are not easy to be filled with water, because of the lower saturation quality, improved humidity to dry dimensional stability and improved resistance; The materials are good. A preferred ratio of the first embodiment includes a hydraulic binder, aggregate fiber, medium 2 ceramic microspheres, and additives. It will be understood that this second actual case: various components with better proportions can be included in the above-mentioned first embodiment (297 mm). This paper rule—printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 1238814

V. Description of the Invention Each component listed in the () <any material. This material can also be manufactured by several conventional methods and maintenance conditions listed and described in the first embodiment. The raw materials, processes, steps or conditions are similar to those of the first embodiment, if applicable. This microsphere can be used in a variety of different construction products. All construction products have different proportions of hydraulic binders, aggregates, microspheres and additives for special purposes (such as walls, roofs, decoration, exposed bottom surfaces of roofs, magnetic stele linings). Bottom liner, etc.). A preferred composition includes about 5% to 80% of Portland cement, about 0% to 80% of silica sand, about 4.1% to 15% of celluloid, about 0% to 10% of additives, and about 2%. % -90% of microspheres. A special example of the typical mixing ratio of microspheres is as follows: Portland cement (binder) 28.7% sand (aggregate) 50.3% celluloid (fiber) 7% metal hydroxide (additive) 40 / 〇 microsphere ( Low density additive) 10% We know that the proportion of microspheres can be changed depending on the application. For example, high microsphere addition ratios (up to about 90 w t ·%) can be applied to building materials and systems that require certain types of fire resistance. High microsphere addition provides materials with low heat shrinkage. Test results: The density is reduced by microspheres, which improves the overall workability of thicker products without damaging the durability (ie, dimensional stability) provided by fiber cement products. The 18th paper standard applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications ( 210 X 297 mm)

1238814

5. Description of the invention () and the advantages of structural element integrity. These characteristics are particularly beneficial for products with thicknesses above 3 / §. Microsphere-added products are lighter and easier to handle. Second, microsphere-added products are easier to fix and line / cut to the required size. Furthermore, the ratio of microspheres reduces cracks or fragments generated when nails are close to the edge of the plate (such as 3 / 8-5 / 8 ”). Tables 5 and 6 below show the FRC ratio and test capsules' More specifically, it explains the advantages of adding microspheres to improve density and workability. I Packing (please read the notes on the back and fill in this page) _Meaning_: Reduce the mix ratio A1 10% Microsphere 髗 Subi B Technical group does not arrive * Pichen density 1. 16 1. 39 (balanced state) 2 (g / cm3) penetration depth (balanced state) nails Length of nailing material mm 47. 0 31 · 7-^ --- Page 19

Table 5-筮 β 矣 button examination of the girl army girl, ratio: Matching type Ιβ__Ι Discuss i! Discuss_1_! Wai ^ __ι · __ Discuss_from: 丨 Discuss1_11 __;: _ 1_ :: Negotiation _ Righteousness ___________ Negotiations Portland 'Yongni Hard Sand 1 ___ Round_1 Negotiation Arts 1 Negotiation III Negotiations ______ _ ^^ __ Negotiations 潞 珞 | | 让 Let Ran Yilian II face议 __ || ^^; ', Round H compound microsphere hips:, ... V hydraulic ▲ Ⅱ :: scabby bone--,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, and 丨 fiber__1__1 议 _chant_ _ 恋 议 议 1 Brother added Ι ___ ΐ ^^ __ ΙΙ _Ι ^ β__ __! Additive B 28. 7 60. 3 7. 0 4. A 28. 7 50. 3 7. 0 4. 〇, 10. 0 This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public love) 1238814 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (nail length = 50mm (2 in.) Standard deviation 0 · 9 1. 4 1 in the proportion A of 10% The microspheres have replaced 10% of the aggregate in the control group ratio b. 2 Equilibrium state-the sample is in a controlled atmospheric environment 7 3 ± 4 T clarity 50 ± 5% 〇 Table 6 shows the comparison ratio Test results of A and B manufactured by Hatschek. 3, χ5, version. The ratio of the addition of 10wt.% Microspheres A should be the same as the one without microspheres. When the ratio B is compared, the density is reduced from 1.39 g / cm3 to 1.16 g / cm3 by about 15%. In addition, the ease of driving nails into the plate is also improved. Test results It shows that the penetration depth has increased from 3 1 · 7mm to 47.0mm, where 50mm indicates the length of the nail and therefore the maximum depth of the penetration. Overall, the tests of the standard type and the products made by the trial mixing have shown that each increase 10% of the microspheres will reduce the density by about 15% and Ming Cai will improve the nail penetration. Therefore, the addition of microspheres can be effectively used to reduce FRC under the same ratio of the addition of microspheres The density of building materials is more than 15%, and even better is more than 30%. The inventors considered the addition of microspheres to reduce the material density to 0.9 g / cm3 (see Table 10 below), and it is even better that t is as low as About 0.5 g / cm3. Is the moisture-to-dry size stable? As mentioned earlier, the proportion of fiber cement that has been cured with the addition of traditional density modifiers has a larger water-swelling rate based on part of the weight increase. Larger water absorption. This preferred embodiment is superior to the prior art Click on page 20 This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page} · an ni I 1 n l_i ^ 0 «. · Ϋ —I I in a— n

Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A and B in Table 5 above. Comparison of the water expansion rate of the 7th old and ~ without added microspheres

Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 1238814 V. Description of the invention (It is the addition of microspheres Klong Ping low poverty but from moisture to dry over moisture expansion rate. It is useful to increase porcupine and mad armor. Several reasons mentioned in the aforementioned first embodiment are as follows. The following shows the answer to the presence or absence of microspheres manufactured by Hatschek 3 X 5 Edition. ° ~ Add 10% of the proportion of microspheres. The ratio B of the sphere is more dimensional, or 'sufficient' or better to reduce the rate of water expansion. The test of the ratio Fang · Ru II, ~ :: 广: v ~ '^ ^ Water expansion rate-^ ~ -___ 0 · 15 Tomi · 02 0 · 16 ± 0 · 02-1 10% of the microspheres in the proportion A has replaced 10% of the aggregate in the control group proportion b. 2 Equilibrium state_ The sample is in one Controlled atmospheric environment 7 3 ± 4 Humidity 50 ± 50 / 〇. The following Tables 8-10 show the standard version and test results of a standard version made by extruding a 10 ”× 10” filter and compare the microspheres with no increase Traditional density improver for water expansion rate. Traditional density improver includes silicon with low bulk density. Page 21 This paper applies to China Home Standard (CNS) A4 size (210 X 297 mm)

1238814 A7 ___B7 __ V. Description of the invention () Expansion rate ratio printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Cooperatives, Types of Expansion Ratio, Proportion Description Balanced Density 1 Moisture Expansion Rate Ji (0οιαή --- ^ B Control Group 1.41 〇. 162 ± 0. 02 ____-—— -——-— ~ F2 5. 0% low bulk density 1. 27 〇 188 soil 0 02 degrees CSH ___________ J equilibrium state-the sample is in a controlled atmosphere 73 ± 4 ° F Ling degree page 22 calcium acid hydrate (CSH), and expanded polyacetophene, vermiculite, perlite, shale or clay. Table 8-Table Θ and Table 10 Matching paper test results Λ Type Porter silica sand 1β_ ill * Microsphere expansion i ':',: Lanshuiwei Fluoroxanite Pearlite Slime 丨 Panyou Mianjing ※ The mine is a young iron iron suspended iron iron child green____ Bone material_ __ Low density_____ Low-density bonding | Wait_ Addition of Zhejiang additives \ Additives B 28 · 7 60. 3 7. 0 4. 0 C 35. 2 52. 8 8. 0 4. 0 D 26. 8 40. 2 8. 0 25. 0 E 26. 8 40 · 2 8. 0 25. 〇F 28. 7 55 · 3 7. 0 4. 0 5.0 ----—. The following table 9 shows System low density additive, low bulk density CSH (Si lasorb of Ceite Corp.) at 5 ° /. Compared with the control group ratio B to increase its water expansion rate. This paper size applies Chinese national standards (CNS ) A4 size (210 X 297 mm) 1238814

V. Description of the invention () Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 50% 5%. A low bulk density csh of 5% in the proportion F has replaced the 5% aggregate in the control group B. The following Table 10 compares two with the same proportion basis, one of which is added with 25wt ·% microspheres and the other is added with 25wt.% Perlite (Aztec XX by Aztec Perlite). The ratio of perlite and microspheres is reduced from the control group ratio C density of 1.3 g / Cm3 to about 0.9 g / cm3, but the water expansion rate is increased in the perlite ratio and the microspheres are The ratio is reduced. Table 10-Comparison of the expansion rates of microspheres and perlite lillilliii makes it difficult for i to attack I. 丨 _ 丨. 丨 .i..u. ... I ............... ........................................ ....... · η Proportion types ^ _____ stuffing llilllllpIlilliPW Reposted record 丨: ¾ edge mineral resources: Yu release :: Xing Yu 羯 green :: Weng: ¾ ½: 丨: 丨. Balance t Degree 1 (g / c ^).) To divide_Expansion C Control Group 1. 31 0 · 230 ± 0 · 02 D2 2 5% Microsphere 0.90 0 · 202 ± 0 · 02 E2 2 5% Perlite 0 89 0 · 275 ± 0 · 02 Equilibrium state-the sample is in a controlled atmospheric environment 7 3 ± 4 ° F humidity 50 soil 5% 〇 control group C and the aggregate and hydraulic binder Ratios D and E have been replaced by microspheres. Therefore, the addition of microspheres in the fiber cement ratio has the effect of maintaining or reducing the water expansion rate of the final product. It is even better to be able to adjust the amount of added microspheres. When compared with similar proportions without microspheres, the water expansion rate is reduced by about 5%, and preferably more than 10%. Freeze-thaw resistance page 23 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297) (please read the note on the back? Matters before filling out this page)

1238814 V. Explanation of the invention () Freeze-thaw resistance refers to the material's ability to resist damage when it is exposed to repeated freezing and dissolving processes of M + people. For example, concrete preparations and soil can be damaged by frost and snow, especially for repeated freezing and dissolving processes. Although M 1 may cause deep cracks, the damage usually starts from the material on the surface and gradually extends into the interior. The destruction of ice bundles generally does not occur unless there is a sufficient amount of water in the pores' and it is very rare in dense concrete with low water-cement ratio and low permeability. Similar to southern density concrete, freeze-thaw damage occurs at high density It rarely occurs in fiber cement. In this preferred embodiment, the low-density curing product manufactured by adding microspheres to the FRC ratio can maintain its freeze-thaw resistance. Unlike the prior art, when the degree improver is added to the ratio, the resistance of the material will be reduced. Xiangrong ability. Figures 1 and 2 show the pore size distribution maps of the 3 'x 5' version made by Hat schek using M I P (mercury infiltration pores) and BET (Br unauer, Emmett and Teller) squares. With the addition of 10 w t ·% microspheres, the ratio A of the pore size distribution after 147 freeze-thaw cycles was smaller than that of the microsphere-free ratio B after 126 cycles. This proves that the proportion of microspheres can resist structural changes caused by freeze-thaw damage. In order to further support the resistance of the microspheres to freeze-thaw damage, Figure 3 shows a SEM (scanning electron microscope) photo of a 3'x5 'version of Hatschek with 10wt ·% microspheres added. 1 47 times; there is no peeling phenomenon after the Dongrong cycle and other wood cement composite materials generally have peeling phenomenon at this stage. The freeze-thaw test in Figure 3 is in accordance with ASTM (American Standard Tester, page 24, the paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm)) * · — &gt; II-so- «ϋ I n III n III ϋ ϋ 请 (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 1238814 A7 B7 V. Description of Invention () Law C 6 6 6 A Standard test method for soil resistance to rapid ice; Dong and 'Guzhi's resistance,'. This test method has two different steps, A or B. Step A is as follows. The specimen is immersed in water for rapid freezing and dissolution, and the other is rapid freezing in air and rapid dissolution in water (step B). The specimen is removed from the freeze-thaw cycle test at regular intervals and visually inspected for cracks, water swelling, peeling of the sponge / wetness of the entire specimen, and the integrity of the overall structure. The specimens can be removed from the freeze-thaw cycle test when the specimens are peeled to such an extent that they cannot be joined together and therefore do not function as construction products. Artemisia dimensional stability_ Reducing the thermal shrinkage of building materials can avoid high temperature stress and strain on building components. This improved thermal dimensional stability allows building components to maintain fire protection without breaking, separating, and allowing the fire to spread quickly when a building fire occurs. The following Tables 11 and 12 show the FRC formulation ratio and test results of the standard version of the 10 × 10 ”filter extrusion. More specifically, it explains the advantages of adding microspheres to improve the dimensional stability at high temperature. —丨 Clear 丨 2 Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page} Order --------- d Printed on Table 11-Table 12 of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Consumer Cooperatives Porter S1 | ___ __ Ben Luluo Metal Gas _ |, Matter ________-: f '· ,,. 恋 __ 议 圆 议 议 _! _ Capacity reading Λ1SL-' CSH _ 圆 _ | Aggregate ___ Addition of additives at low cost ^ I Low: Density addition Zhejiang A 28. 7 50. 3 —7 · 0 4. 0 10. 0 Page 25 Use Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297) Public love) 1238814 V. Description of invention (

A7 B7 B 28. F 28. G 28. Η —— 28.

60. 55. ι ^^ βιι ^ β

10% micro-to-200 / 〇μg

Refer to the following equilibrium condition for heat shrink test-the sample is at 50 ± 50/0. Matching ratios F, Π, Λ 0_TT 4. 4. 7. 4. 0 4. 0 5. 0 10. 0 〇0… First reading ——… color or · 丨 shrink ratio competition

1 · 21 7. 27 Let the rate of awakening to simmer 200 ------------ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) 1.15 1. 15 1.01 8 · 09 4. 41 4. 21 words. Atmospheric environment 7 3 ± 4 T Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs

Text control '^ Eight to ίΐ 丫 density ratio of the same proportion of bone in B. At lower additions (for example, typical inorganic density modifiers introduced into the fiber dry shrinkage with heat. Table 12 shows that the proportion of SilasoH additive added to the 10wt ·% low bulk density cSH (Celite Corp. is replaced in the control group) 10-2 0%), the microspheres will reduce the high temperature of 1 Owt.% Microspheres when the proportion of i cement is balanced. Page 26 This paper applies the national standard (CNS) A4. Specifications (210 X 297 mm) tr --------- 1238814 A7 Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs B7 V. Description of the invention () The result of the heat-shrinkage ratio obtained from the ratio G. Compared with the control group (matching ratio β), the two kinds of mixing ratios reduce the density from 丨 · 4 to h 15g / cm3, but the thermal dry shrinkage ratio of the mixture with the addition of low bulk density CSH is almost the ratio of adding microspheres. It is twice as much. Furthermore, the proportion H of the addition of 20wt ·% microspheres has a density of about 1.0 g / cm3, and its heat shrinkage is lower than that of only 5.0% low bulk density cSH and higher density. The ratio ρ of 1 · 2 g / cm3 is more than 40% lower. The high-temperature heat shrinkage is judged using a thermo-mechanical analyzer (TMA). The specimen is cut into 10x25mm Degree i2mm. The temperature of this saturated specimen was increased to 2 (TC / min to 950 ° C), and the size of the test body was measured using a macroexpansion probe (macroexpansion prObe). The heat shrinkage was taken from 25 ° C The change in overall specimen size to 95 ° C is described as a ratio of the entire starting length. Another advantage of using microspheres in the fiber cement ratio is that the heat shrinkage rate will increase when the amount of microspheres is increased. As it decreases, the heat shrinkage of microspheres is inversely proportional to the weight percentage, and the heat shrinkage of traditional density modifiers is proportional to the weight percentage. Therefore, the higher the amount of microspheres added (about 90wt ·%) The ratio of low addition (about 20% by weight) has a lower heat shrinkage ratio. Table 13 below provides the ratio of high microsphere addition amount and Table 4 provides the ratio of warm dry shrinkage. As a result, the thermal dry shrinkage ratios of I and J with the addition of 70 and 90 wt ·% microspheres were about 2.7 and 1.1%, respectively. The thermal dry shrinkage ratios of I and j were tested. The body was cut to a length of about 10x10x40mm, oven dried, and burned in a coated furnace at 1000 ° C for one hour, and then allowed to cool to a dry state. Thermal shrinkage is a measure of the change in overall length from oven drying to 1000 ° c. Page 27 This paper applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public love)- -------- ^ -------- r --- Order --------- (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page)

A 1238814 A7 V. Description of the invention (and divided by the initial dry length ratio I ^ P, _ silica sand microspheres \ f-— cement ☆ 'ν, ο. Ά ~ ^ ,,,,,,,,,,,, f' water Addition of low-density cement for hard and sticky aggregates 26. 2 2. 9 0.9 70. 〇J 8. 7 1. 0 0. 3 90. 〇Pei Yang Yang L, &quot; μ 玉 一 ^ ---- __ I ---- 2 · 1.1 1.1 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ~~, the official example is to add 20% micro outside thieves w to scream the undead ratio 'the heat shrinkage of its final product Compared with the same products made without the addition of microspheres, the increase is less than about 50%. As described above, when compared with the products without microspheres, the proportion of microspheres increases, and the heat shrinkage rate decreases. The final product shows a lower thermal shrinkage, preferably about 10% to 70% lower. More particularly, the thermal dry shrinkage of the product with added microspheres is preferably less than 40/0. 3. · Examples -Microspheres and other additives The third embodiment of the present invention is a combination of hollow ceramic microspheres and volcanic ash and / or other low density additives added to cement cellulite fiber reinforcement In the materials, the descriptions of volcanic ash and hollow ceramic microspheres have been detailed in the first and second embodiments, respectively. Adding microspheres and low-density additives page 28 This paper applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 mmi --------- ^ ----------- Order ---------------------- ^ ---- r --.--- Ί ·. (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) 1238814 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Invention Description () W The second embodiment will achieve a lower density range and have improved water resistance and durability than the first embodiment in which volcanic ash is added to the FRC product. However, the second embodiment with only microspheres may be better than The third embodiment, because adding the microspheres separately will provide the best durability. The second embodiment takes precedence over the second embodiment depending on the relative importance of longevity in special applications. Similar to the first and second Embodiment. One of the preferred embodiments of this third embodiment includes a hydraulic binder, aggregate, fiber, hollow ceramic microspheres, low-density additives, and other additives. We will understand that the various components of the third embodiment can include any material of each of the components in the first embodiment described above. This third embodiment can also be listed in and described in the traditional procedures of the first embodiment And curing conditions. If applicable, raw materials, malpractices, steps or conditions are similar to those of the first embodiment. The mixture of microspheres and volcanic ash and / or low-density additives can be used in various building products, various building products All have hydraulic binders, aggregates, low-density additives and other additives in different proportions to achieve a special purpose (such as lintels, roofs, decoration, exposed bottom surfaces of roofs, liners for magnetic monument substrates, etc.) Best features. A preferred composition of this third embodiment includes about 5-80% Portland cement, about 0-80% silica sand, about 4.15% celluloid, about 0-10% additive, and about 2- 60% microspheres and other typical low density additives. The specific examples of typical mixing ratios of mixtures of microspheres and typical low-density additives are as follows: Portland cement (binder) 28.7% silica sand (aggregate) 50.3% page 29 This paper applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 Specifications (210 X 297 mm) ^ I —----- 1 — ^ — I—I (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) 1238814 V. Description of the invention ()

Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Metal hydroxides (additives) Microspheres (low-density additives) Pozzolan (low-density additives) will understand the microspheres and other applications that may be changed as needed. Test results The durability of 彳 n-degree microspheres mixed with pozzolan or other typical low-density modifiers such as low bulk density rhenium, or expanded polystyrene particles, clay, vermiculite, perlite, and shale has many advantages. One of the advantages is that it provides volcanic ash and other typical low-density, low-intensity additives that have a lower density than microspheres, and a smaller total weight ratio (compared to only microspheres) to the same or more. Low density. The lower addition ratio of the mixture is more effective, and the microspheres can reduce the addition of typical inorganic density improvers. 1. Swelling with sufficient water. Mixtures of microspheres and other typical low-density additives &lt; Another advantage is that FRC products can reach a lower density range and still be difficult to maintain sufficient operational strength. Therefore, microspheres with higher dosage standards (mainly Wakika, 胁 I ratio) and other low-density additives can be added, and at the same time, the negative impact of dimensional stability and overall durability of typical low-density additives can be reduced. . However, the addition of low-density additives to the materials described here is not the only way to reduce the specific density of cement as the main component. It is composed of cement and aggregate without fiber or low-density additives. The ratio of the cable is generally between 1 · 8-2 · 1 g / cm3. It is beneficial to add fiber to the cement ratio φ α ± f τ 疋, 4% 10¾5% Pozzolan low density additive. Please read the notes of Sj before writing this page 4

Order IIIII • II $ Page 30 This paper size is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 x 297 mm) 1238814 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs The strength and the product are suitable for fixing and can also reduce the density. The density of fiber cement added with more than 4wt ·% fiber is generally between 1. 2 and 1. 4 g / cm3. It has been found that the FRC ratio is added with 4wt.% Or Fewer fibers will not have sufficient strength and ductility to install. These FRC products are often easily broken and cracked during the nailing process or burst during installation. On the other hand, the added fiber exceeds 15wt ·% in some applications and No, because the fibers in the FRC mix will cause water expansion, increase permeability and endanger durability. Therefore, 'correct fiber addition balance point must make a favorable judgment on Frc products, which depends on the thickness of the special product and Shape. In an embodiment, the fiber addition ratio of about 4.1% to 15% is the best. Add low density additives to the FRC ratio to provide a reduction in extra density from the addition of fiber Low. However, in general, the more low-density additives are added, the lower the strength of the FRC mouth. Therefore, the addition of low-density additives must be limited because FRC products are best to maintain the minimum strength for adequate operation and installation. The maximum amount of low gold content depends on many factors, such as low density addition ^ # 定 Low density "agent dosage standards, and the shape of special products, the minimum strength of 彳 ⑸ also depends on the shape of which product And thickness' Figure 'Shoulder 1 0 x 1 0 The typical relationship between the weight and weight of the standard version of microspheres extruded by the filter and the degree and strength of the standard version of microspheres. Next 歹 J 第 1 R-1 7 矣' ^

Said on the 10th "xl0" filter extruded standard version of the FRC ratio and test results, the other name is that the mixture of microspheres and other low-density additives has reached a much lower-in the range and improve the advantages of durability . Proportions of Tables 15 to 16 and 17 (Page 31 x 297 mm) ------------ Installation (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) ϋ ϋ ϋ el · · · n ii n ϋ ϋ I. Printed clothing by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 1238814 V. Description of the invention () Types of electric power Linghua, __iber __________ _ ___________ N &lt; SS / ss turn Discussion 丨 Fawan Scale Note Sao Lu Jun's general view of the Jun mine: riding; Portland mud-i silica sand race road 珞 metal argon oxide microspheres 髗 low bulk density CSH Fiber_1 hit 111 ·· ^-___! || xia | following __ Yiyixia: g 丨 gradual aggregate fiber added I low density additive low density additive B 28. 7 60, 3 7. 0 4. 0 G 28. 7 50. 3 7. 0 4. 0 10. 0 Μ 28. 0 49. 0 7. 0 4. 0 12. 0 N 28. 4 49. 6 7. 0 4. 0 12. 0 5 0 0 28. 7 51. 3 7. 0 4. 0 6. 0 3. 0 Table 16 compares the proportion M of the addition of 12 wt.% Microspheres, the addition of 9wt.% Microspheres and the low bulk density CSH. Mixing ratio 0 and the density of the control group without low density additives. The low bulk density CSH used at the ratio of 0 is made by James Hardie using silica, lime and water to make a low bulk density material, most of which are tobermorite type (C). More detailed content is described in u.s. patent AppHcatiOn Serial No. 09/058, 444 filed on April 9, 1998, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. Compared with the control group, there is no significant difference between the ratio and the reduction in density. However, the total addition amount of the mixed low-density additive at ratio 0 is more than that of only the microsphere I #; 3% lower. For the ratios M and 0, the slight difference in the weight ratio between the hydraulic binder and the bone lining can not affect the density characteristics. Table 16—Comparison of Density Page 32 This paper is sized to the Chinese National Standard (CNSM4 specification (210 up --- I installed -------- order --------- (Please read first Note on the back, please fill in this page again) 1238814 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of invention () ||| _Specification of specific types and ratios 垆 Dry density (g / cm3) B Control group-None Low-density additives 1.31 M1 12% microspheres 1. 09 01 6% microspheres 3 ° / 〇 Low bulk density CSH 1. 11 The proportion of low-density additives in the proportions M and 0 replaces the control combination without low-density additives The same proportion of aggregates as in B. Table 17 below shows the test results of the 10 ”× 10” screen extrusion standard version with four formulation ratios. These four formulation ratios mainly include changes in various low-density additives. And a control group without any low-density additives. The results show that the ratio of the addition of 12 wt.% Microspheres M to the control group decreased from 1.3 5 g / cm3 to 1. 16 g / cm3, but the addition of 1 lwt The density ratio of% microsphere bulk density CSH (Celite's Si lasorb) mixture lowers the density to 1. 10 g / cm3. In addition, For the addition of 1 lwt.% Microspheres M ’s bulk density CSH mixture ratio N and the control group without low-density additives, the water expansion rates were 0.167% and 0.163%, respectively, with no significant difference. Phase In contrast, only a 10wt.% Low bulk density CSH ratio G provides approximately the same density as the Uwt.% Mixture of ratio N, but has a particularly high water expansion rate of 0.197%. 在 配The slight difference in weight percentage between hydraulic binder and aggregate does not affect the characteristics of density or water expansion rate. Table 17-Comparison of water expansion rate page 33 This paper applies Chinese national standards ( CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) — · n ϋ n am§ i ^ i · 1-δΝ i 1_1 1_ϋ · ϋ imam I— n \ 1238814 A7

v J control group-no low density additive 12% microspheres 6% microspheres 5% low bulk density CSH

G 1. 12 〇 · 197 ± 〇 · 〇2 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (Β Μ

10% low bulk density CSH is added at low density in the proportions M, N, and G. The proportion of additives is mainly replaced by the control group ratio of no density additive B Φ, · D &lt; bone material 0 Conclusion Generally speaking It will be understood that the preferred embodiments of the present invention, more particularly fiber reinforced construction materials containing volcanic ash, hollow ceramic microspheres, or microspheres, "mountain ash and / or other additive combinations," Advantages of technology. These materials have a lower density than traditional fiber cement products. This produces thicker products (eg 3/8, to 1 · 0 ") which makes them lighter and therefore easier to handle, cut, fix and install. This material also improves its wet to dry dimensional stability, and Improve the durability of this building material so that the building panels will not shrink and crack excessively. At the same time, there will not be too much gap between the panels or thick plates after changes in humidity or the transition from wet to dry seasons. . This paper size is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (Q χ 297 meals)

1238814 A7 V. Description of the invention (The formulation and construction products contain at least hollow ceramic microspheres. This material maintains its freeze-thaw resistance under low density conditions, unlike most fiber cement materials with improved inorganic density. This gives exposure to Materials that are often frozen and dissolved have good durability. Because the related typical low-density additives improve the thermal dimensional stability, these microsphere-added materials also have improved fire resistance characteristics. Therefore, this material is used in buildings It is stable during a fire so that this material can maintain protection against fire without rupture, separation and fall, and let the fire spread rapidly. This preferred embodiment has its applicability to some construction product applications, including (but not limited to) Building panel (indoor and outdoor), magnetic stele lining (wall and floor), wall, exposed bottom surface of the roof, decoration, roof, fence and deck. The above-mentioned embodiments are only provided as specific preferred embodiments of the present invention. Example. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications from this embodiment without departing from the present invention. Spirit and perspective. I n I n n ϋ nn I · n III n ϋ ϋ tr · 丨 丨 丨 丨 丨 丨 丨 · 1 · (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Employees of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by Consumer Cooperatives, page 35. Thai paper sizes apply to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm)

Claims (1)

1238814 A8 B8 C8 D8 6. Scope of patent application 7. The building materials described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, which at least contain 0% -10% additive, the additive is selected from the group consisting of silica sand smoke, geothermal silica sand, and fire retardant , Thickener, pigment, colorant, plasticizer, dispersant, foaming agent, flocculant, waterproofing agent, organic density modifier, aluminum powder, earth, alumina trihydrate, mica, andalusite, calcium carbonate , Silicon ore, polymer resin emulsion and its mixture. 8. The construction material as described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, which contains at least 2% -50% volcanic ash. 9. The building material as described in item 丨 of the patent application scope, wherein the volcanic ash is expanded mountain ash. 10. The building material as described in item 9 of the scope of patent application, wherein the expanded volcanic ash has a bulk density of 2-25 lbs / cu.ft. 11. As for the construction materials described in item 9 of the scope of patent application, the intermediate particle size of volcanic ash ranges from 20 to 100 microns (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) * n t.1 II n I n , &Gt; n 1 n ϋ n ϋ I Consumption Cooperative of Employees of Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs? Machine 12. The construction material described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application, in which the construction material made of the same proportion of ash and volcanic ash is not added, so that the density of the final product is more than 10%. The volcano descends 13. According to the construction materials described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application, the volcano on page 37 of this dragon applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) to the paper size-1238814 VI. Application Compared with building materials made with the same proportion of volcanic ash, the scope of the patented ash does not add more than 20% to the water expansion rate of the final product. 9 14.-A method for forming a low-density building material, the method at least comprising mixing a cement cement containing hydraulic binder, earth and sand, road fiber, and mountain ash, and water to make mud packs, Wherein the road fiber contains at least 4% by weight of the fiber-cement ratio; the mud is treated to form a green formed object; the green formed object is hardened to form a low-density building material; and wherein the volcano is added to The amount is sufficient to reduce the density of the building material to 1.2 g / cm3 or lower, and to maintain the moisture expansion rate of the building material at 0.17% or lower. 15. The method according to item 14 of the scope of patent application, further comprising at least a mixed additive and a hydraulic binder, silica sand, volcanic ash and water to produce the slurry. 16. The method according to item 4 of the scope of patent application, wherein the object is hardened by means of high-pressure steam. 17 · — A kind of building materials used to form building products, including at least: a hydraulic binder; earth and sand; page 38 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 1238814 6 Application for a patent · range celluloid fiber, wherein the celluloid fiber contains at least a weight percentage of more than 4%; hollow ceramic microspheres, wherein the hollow ceramic microspheres are contained in this proportion in a sufficient amount to reduce the building material The density is 1-2 g / cm3 or lower, and the hollow ceramic microsphere maintains the moisture expansion rate of the building material between 0.1 3% -0 · 2ο / 〇. 18. The construction material according to item 17 of the scope of patent application, wherein the hydraulic bonding agent is Portland cement. 19. The construction material described in the scope of application for item is, which contains at least 5-80% Portland cement, 2 0. The construction material described in the scope of application for item I ?, which contains at least 0%- 80% soil silica sand. 21. The building material as described in item 17 of the scope of patent application, which further contains at least 0% -10% additives. 22. The construction material as described in item 20 of the patent application scope, which contains at least 4.1% -15% celluloid fiber. 23. The building material according to item 17 of the scope of patent application, wherein the microsphere is a polymeric sphere. P.39 This paper is sized for China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 g t) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 1238814 A8 B8 C8 D8 6. Scope of patent application. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) 24. Construction materials described in item 17 of the scope of patent application, of which Contains at least 5% -30% microspheres. 25. The building material described in item 17 of the scope of patent application, which contains at least 5% -90% microspheres. 26. The construction material described in item 17 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the microspheres have a density of more than 15% that of the final construction product compared to construction products made with the same proportions without the addition of microspheres. 27. The construction material described in item 17 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the microspheres have a density of more than 30% in the final construction product compared to the construction products made with the same proportions without the addition of the microspheres. 28. The building material described in item 17 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the microspheres substantially maintain the moisture expansion rate of the final product compared to the construction products made with the same proportions without the addition of microspheres. Printed clothing by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 29. The construction material described in item 17 of the scope of patent application, in which the microspheres have a lower final product compared with construction products made with the same proportions without the addition of microspheres The water expansion rate exceeds 5%. 30. The building materials described in item 29 of the scope of the patent application, in which the micro page 40 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 6. Scope of patent application Compared with ^ products made with the same proportion of microspheres without adding microspheres, the water expansion rate of the final product is reduced by more than 100%. 31. The building materials described in item 17 of the scope of application for patents, wherein the microspheres have the largest increase compared to the construction products made with the same proportions without adding microspheres: the final product can be visually seen in the state of the melting cycle Number of cycles at the beginning of the erosion. 32. The construction material as described in item 17 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the microspheres have a reduced pore size after being subjected to several freeze-thaw cycles compared to the construction products made with the same proportions without the addition of microspheres Changes in distribution. 33. The building material described in item I? Of the scope of patent application, wherein the microspheres have an effect on the thermal shrinkage of the final product compared with the construction products made with the same proportions without the addition of the microspheres, so that the final The heat shrinkage of the product is greater than 50% of the heat dry shrinkage of the construction product without microspheres. / 〇 0 0 34. The building material described in item 17 of the scope of patent application, wherein the heat shrinkage shrinkage rate of the final product is between about 1% and 5%. 35. The building material described in item 17 of the scope of patent application, which at least contains volcanic ash. The 41st paper standard applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 meals) ---------- installation -------- tT -------- -(Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Consumers 'Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 1238814 Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture A8 B8 C8 D8 36. The building material according to item 17 of the scope of patent application, further comprising at least a low bulk density calcium silicate hydrate. 37. A method for forming a low-density building material, the method at least comprising: mixing a fiber-cement ratio and water containing a hydraulic binder, silica sand, celluloid fiber, and hollow ceramic microspheres to manufacture mud; treating the mud; And become a green shaped object; and harden the green shaped object to form a low-density building material, wherein the density of the building material is 1.2 g / cm3 or lower, wherein the hollow ceramic microsphere maintains the moisture expansion rate of the building material It is between 0.13% and 0.12%, and the Sailu fiber contains at least 4% by weight of the total weight of the fiber cement proportion. 38. The method according to item 37 of the scope of patent application, further comprising at least a mixed additive and a hydraulic binder, silica sand, fiber, hollow ceramic microspheres and water to manufacture the slurry. 39. The method according to item 37 of the scope of patent application, which further comprises at least a mixture of a low-density additive and a hydraulic binder, silica sand, fibers, hollow ceramic microspheres and water to manufacture the slurry. 40. The method as described in claim 39, wherein the low-density additive comprises hydrasic acid hydrate. Page 42 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 1238814 A8 B8 C8 D8 6. Scope of patent application 41. The method described in item 37 of the scope of patent application, wherein the low-density building material has a density between 0.5 and 1.2 g / cm3. 42. The method as described in item 37 of the scope of patent application, wherein the low-density building material has a density between 0.9 and 1; 1 g / cm3. 43. The method as described in claim 37, wherein the object is hardened by high pressure steam. 44. The method according to item 37 of the scope of patent application, wherein processing the slurry to form a green shaped object includes at least manufacturing a board using a Hatschek sheet process. 45 · The building material described in item 17 of the scope of the patent application, in which the building product is a general board (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) · ------ Order 1111 — I— Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau's Consumer Cooperatives, page 43. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 meals)