1237832 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬技術領域】 本發明係關於一種多層絕緣電線，特別是一種符合安規標準規定之多 層絕緣電線。 【先前技術】 變壓器之構造於 IEC(International Electrotechnical Communication Standard)標準60950中對於線圈（winding)有諸如下述之 規定： (1) 於一次線圈及二次線圈之間必須形成至少三層之絕緣層（但彼覆 導體之漆膜不被認為是絕緣層）或絕緣層之厚度必須在〇.44刪以 上。 (2) 一次線圈和二次線圈面之距離，雖依施加電壓而不同，但必須保 持5mm以上。 (3) 於一次線圈及二次線圈側施加電壓3〇〇〇伏特(v)時，須能耐受1 分鐘以上。 為此’目前大多之變壓器多採用擔牆（inSUiating barrier)及包覆絕 緣膠帶作為絕緣用，皆於變壓器之鐵芯上之捲線軸(b〇bbin)的周邊二側配 置有確保有一定距離之擋牆（insulating barrier)，再以絕緣膠帶捲繞由 漆披覆之導體多次達一定距離後，即完成整個絕緣步驟，亦或，又有人以 絶緣膠帶包覆出1EC標準之三層絕緣層，即可省略擋牆（insuiating barrier) 〇 ^然而，上述的習知作法，於絕緣膠帶捲繞時，有作業煩瑣的問題，若 、巴緣膠τ破裂或品質不佳時，勢必又會造成絕緣效果不佳或觸電等情事發 生，且具有生產速度慢、製造成本高且耗費人力資源的問題，故此些問題 的存在實成為業者所需待解之問題。 爰疋，有些許發明人，創作出以三層線的概念，來作為符合安規標準 ，夕層絕緣電線，如美國專利公告第56〇6152號、中華民國專利公報公告 第374181、388887、409263、428178號中所述，其係以聚醯胺樹脂(pa)等 1237832 材貝製成符合安規需求之二層絕緣層，但是此些材料的耐溫等級較低，容 易助燃，且會有產生毒氣之虞，若使用於變壓器之線圈時，容易因高溫: 造成絕緣不佳的問題，故，也存有許多的問題。 嚴 【發明内容】 本發明之主要目的，在於解決上述之問題，避免問題的存在，本發明 係提供一種耐熱、耐壓，且絕緣效果佳之多層絕緣電線。 x 本發明之另-目的，在於提供-種製作程序M及低成本之多層絕緣 電線。 根據本發明所揭露之多層絕緣電線，其包括有導體及披覆前述導體且 具有至少二層之絕緣層所構成；本發明之技術概為綱氟素熱塑性塑膠 形成、、緣層’且任意相鄰之二層係由不同之i素熱塑性塑膠所構成，如此 形成可相互獅之縣層，以避免因絕緣層㈣，造成它層也啊破裂而 產生絕緣不麵問題，更存魏素熱雖歸材f耐熱、_且絕緣效果 佳的特性。 有關本發明之佳貫例與技術内容，兹配合圖式說明如下·· 【實施方式】 本《月係利用I素熱塑性塑膠的材質特性，來打破以往需以絕緣膠帶 及擔牆（insulating barrier)利用繁雜的製作程序，才能符合安全規定中 對於線材的、、δ緣層厚度的要求，現就本發明之多層絕緣電線，配合圖式標 號及详盡的說明’敛述如下·· 請參閱「第1圖」，係為本發明之剖面圖，如圖所示，包括有導體1〇 ，披覆前述導體1G且具有—内層u及—外層12之絕緣層，此絕緣層係由 I素熱塑隨膠所喊，赠勒層u及外層12係由不同德素熱塑性 2膠所構A氟素熱塑性塑膠之最佳實施方式係為四氟乙烯和六氟丙烤的 '、承物（FE^ ^以下簡稱為FEP)或四II乙烤和全氟烴基乙烯趟的共聚物 (PFA 或四氟乙烯與乙稀的共賴腿;以下簡稱為勝e) 或四氟乙稀/遺丙稀和偏氟乙稀的共聚物(THV ;以下簡稱為则或偏氟 乙一烯的承口物(PVDF，以下簡稱為pVDF)，以下即針對此些氟素熱塑性塑 1237832 膠之特性逐一作說明： FEP為四氣乙細和六鼠丙稀的共聚物，其溶解黏性車父低並且也像其他熱 塑樹脂可以擠壓、傳遞、射出和壓縮成形加工。由於碳和氟原子間的結合 力量非常高且分子完全被氟原子飽和，因此FEP碳氟聚合物具有熱、化學 和電的高穩定性，在極低和極高的溫度範圍下，在電、化學和醫學應用上 都具有良好的性能；其主要特性如下： •使用溫度範圍寬 •極好的耐溶劑、耐化學品性能 •優異的耐化學性 •極好的電性能 •極限氧指數高，不助燃 ^ PFA是四氟乙烯和全氟烴基乙烯醚的共聚物，其在高溫下的機械強度 兩且可塑性好’因此可使用擠壓、壓縮、吹塑、傳遞和注射等成形加工 法。由於碳、氟和氧原子的結合強度高，PFA在-200°C〜+260°C的溫度範圍 内’表現良好；因此PFA在熔融加工中，具有良好的透明性；其主要特性 如下： •使用溫度範圍寬 •耐溶劑和化學性能極好 •傑出的機械性能 •極高的耐侯性和紫外穩定性 •優異的電性能 •極限氧指數高：並在正常情況下沒有閃點 •高透光性 •表面極為光滑 •不枯性 •低摩擦性 1237832 ETFE是四氟乙烯與乙烯的共聚物，它有優異的化學性、 熱性能和 能，並具有傑出的抗摩擦馨穿性，是航空航天、汽體及化學等、:仰電性 的關鍵材料。此產品還被廣泛用於核電站控制室及其它場合* =工業 導管、低滲透管、耐_膜和建築膜；其主要特性如下：° %、笔線、 •服務溫度範圍寬 • 低可燃性 •優異的電能和機械性能 •極好的耐溶劑和化學品性能 •極高的室外耐侯性 •在可見光區和紫外光區有高透光性 •不粘性 •優異的抗撕裂性 •良好的抗壓力並裂性 • 低滲透性 •良好的耐幅照性 加工it 和―的絲物，其«雜能和便於 特殊的軟管,=；^纖_峨的。蕭轉性在加工製做 用上具有彳认的優雜=、保齡料和低滲透性汽體祕系統等應 的應用,·其轉雖如下·卜在轉殊膜及太陽能賴耻也有越來越多 •的加工溫度和加工溫度區間，適於播出、共擠出注射模塑和吹 •層壓薄膜 _塗佈、歸和共現 可乂不用耐腐钱的加工設備 ==料相比’具有卓越的柔順性 予口口’如'無機和有機酸一齒化物-碳氫化合物-醇類 1237832 ·· Γϋΐ物、燃油和其它腐健化學品有優異的防渗透性 • 透過性，是在紫外光和可見光區域 ―一亂1料易於粘接多種彈性體和塑料，自粘性好 •室外耐侯性與其它氟塑料相似 •有尚的極限氧指數，不助燃 PVDF疋偏氟乙二稀的聚合物，它廣泛 電線上，例如燃油、汽車、建筚 子^ +導體工業及 其主要特性如下： 早心电子化學、食品和醫療製程中； •優異的機械強度 •良好的耐化學性 •連續使用溫度可達15〇°C •優異的耐磨性和对老化 •表面平滑、不粘黏性 •耐UV、輻照 •良好的阻燃 •良好的耐滲透性 去敎^述你本發明之結構及材料特性敘述，可明顯看出本發明利用氟 素熱塑性轉形成絕緣層，且相臨之崎„及外層12係由不同之氣素熱 塑性塑膠所構成’如此形成可相互_之絕緣層，以避免因絕緣層（如圖中 夕層12所不)破裂’造成它層（如圖t内層u所示)也同時破裂而產生絕緣 靴的問題，更存魏素熱雛歸材質的特性，補耐熱、耐壓，且具 絕緣效果佳之優點’亦可不需使用絕緣膠帶或撞牆(insulating b 來加以絶緣’故更簡化製作程序及省成本，因此也可符合安全規定標準 中對於線材絕緣層厚度的要求。 Μ 請參閱「第2圖」，係為本發明之另一實施例，如圖所示，係以導體1〇a 及坡覆刖述導體l〇a且具有三層之絕緣層來示意，其中也如「第丨圖」相 同，皆於任意相鄰之二層係由不同之氟素熱塑性瓣所構成，如最靠近導 1237832 =a之内層lla為FEP，與内層山相臨之中間層i3為m，再與中間 層相臨的外層12a則可為FEP或其他非pfa之氣素熱塑性塑膠。 。月’閱第3圖」’係為本發明之另一實施例作為變壓器之線圈之示素 二包括有-一人線圈20、二次線圈3〇及一鐵芯4〇，其中一次線圈2〇 弟:導體200及披覆前述第一導體且具第一内層謝、第一中間層咖 及，外| 203之絕緣層所構成，二次線圈3〇係由第二導體3〇〇及披覆 述第一導體300且具第二内層3〇1、第二中間層3〇2及第二外層3〇3之絕緣 f所構成，如此即可省去習知變壓器擋牆（i_lating bamer)及絕緣膠 帶的設置，而簡化製作程序及節省成本。 ^ 上列詳細說明係針對本發明之可行實施例具體說明，惟該實施例並非 限制本t明之專利範圍，凡未脫離本發明之發明技藝精神之等效實施或變 更，均應包含於本案之專利範圍内。 1237832 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖，係為本發明之剖面圖。 第2圖，係為本發明之另一實施例。 第3圖，係為本發明之另一實施例作為變壓器之線圈之示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 【本發明】 10、 10a......導體 11、 11a......内層 12、 12a......外層 13......中間層 20.......次線圈 200 ......第一導體 201 ......第一内層 202 ......第一中間層 203 ......第一外層 30......二次線圈 300 ......第二導體 301 ......第二内層 302 ......第二中間層 303 ......第二外層 40......鐵芯1237832 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a multi-layer insulated wire, especially a multi-layer insulated wire that complies with safety standards. [Prior technology] The structure of the transformer is IEC (International Electrotechnical Communication Standard) standard 60950 for the winding (winding) regulations such as the following: (1) at least three layers of insulation must be formed between the primary coil and the secondary coil (However, the paint film covering the conductor is not considered as an insulating layer) or the thickness of the insulating layer must be more than 0.44. (2) The distance between the surface of the primary coil and the surface of the secondary coil varies depending on the applied voltage, but it must be kept at least 5 mm. (3) When a voltage of 3,000 volts (v) is applied to the primary coil and the secondary coil, it must be able to withstand more than 1 minute. For this reason, most transformers currently use inSUiating barriers and covered insulating tapes for insulation. They are arranged on both sides of the bobbin on the transformer core to ensure a certain distance. Insulating barrier, and then winding the coated conductor with insulation tape for a certain distance several times, the entire insulation step is completed, or someone covers the three insulation layers of 1EC standard with insulation tape. , You can omit the barrier (insuiating barrier) 〇 ^ However, the above-mentioned conventional practice, when the insulating tape is wound, there is a problem of tedious work, if the edge of the plastic edge τ rupture or poor quality, it will inevitably cause Occurrence of poor insulation effect or electric shock, and the problems of slow production speed, high manufacturing cost, and human resource consumption, therefore, the existence of these problems has become a problem to be solved by the industry. Alas, some inventors have created the concept of a three-layer wire to comply with safety standards and evening-layer insulated wires, such as U.S. Patent Publication No. 5660815, Republic of China Patent Gazette Publication Nos. 374181, 388887, 409263, As described in No. 428178, it is a two-layer insulation layer made of 1237832 materials such as polyamide resin (pa), which meets the requirements of safety regulations. However, these materials have a low temperature resistance rating, are easy to support combustion, and will produce toxic gases. If it is used in the coil of a transformer, it is easy to cause the problem of poor insulation due to high temperature, so there are many problems. [Summary of the invention] The main purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and avoid the existence of the problems. The present invention provides a multilayer insulated wire that is resistant to heat and pressure, and has good insulation effects. x Another object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing process M and a low-cost multilayer insulated wire. The multi-layer insulated wire disclosed in the present invention comprises a conductor and an insulating layer covering the aforementioned conductor and having at least two layers; the technology of the present invention is generally composed of a fluorocarbon thermoplastic plastic, an edge layer, and any phase. The next two layers are made of different thermoplastics, so that they can form a county layer of each other, so as to avoid the problem of insulation failure due to the insulation layer cracking, which also causes the layers to rupture. The material f is heat-resistant and has good insulation properties. Regarding the best practices and technical contents of the present invention, the following drawings are used to explain the following: [Embodiment] This "Month is to use the material characteristics of the thermoplastic element I to break the traditional need to use insulating tape and insulating barriers" The complicated production procedures can be used to meet the requirements of the safety regulations for the thickness of the wire and the δ edge layer. Now the multilayer insulated wire of the present invention is matched with the figure number and detailed description. "Figure 1" is a cross-sectional view of the present invention. As shown in the figure, it includes a conductor 10, an insulating layer covering the aforementioned conductor 1G and having -inner layer u and -outer layer 12. This insulating layer is made of I-thermal The plastic is called with plastic, and the present layer u and the outer layer 12 are made of different A thermoplastic thermoplastic A plastics. The best embodiment is a fluorocarbon and hexafluoropropylene baked, FE (FE ^ ^ Hereinafter abbreviated as FEP) or a copolymer of tetra-II ethyl bromide and perfluorohydrocarbon-based ethylene (PFA or tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene diene; hereinafter referred to as Sheng e) or tetrafluoroethylene And vinylidene fluoride copolymers (THV; Monoene's mouthpiece (PVDF, hereinafter referred to as pVDF), the following is a description of the characteristics of these fluorine thermoplastics 1237832 adhesives: FEP is a copolymer of four gas and six mice, which is soluble and sticky The sex rider is low and also can be extruded, transferred, injected, and compression-molded like other thermoplastic resins. Because the bonding force between carbon and fluorine atoms is very high and the molecules are completely saturated with fluorine atoms, FEP fluorocarbon polymers have heat High chemical, electrical, and electrical stability. It has good performance in electrical, chemical, and medical applications at very low and very high temperature ranges. Its main characteristics are as follows: • Wide operating temperature range. • Excellent solvent resistance. Chemical resistance • Excellent chemical resistance • Excellent electrical properties • High limiting oxygen index and no combustion support ^ PFA is a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluorohydrocarbyl vinyl ether. Its mechanical strength at high temperature is two and Good plasticity 'so it can use extrusion, compression, blow molding, transfer and injection molding processing methods. Due to the high bonding strength of carbon, fluorine and oxygen atoms, PFA is in the temperature range of -200 ° C ~ +260 ° C' table Good; therefore, PFA has good transparency in melt processing; its main characteristics are as follows: • Wide operating temperature range • Excellent solvent and chemical resistance • Excellent mechanical properties • Extreme weather resistance and UV stability • Excellent Electrical properties • High limiting oxygen index: and no flash point under normal conditions • High light transmission • Extremely smooth surface • Not dry • Low friction 1237832 ETFE is a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene, which has excellent Chemical properties, thermal properties and energy, as well as outstanding anti-friction properties, are the key materials for aerospace, gas and chemical, etc. This product is also widely used in nuclear power plant control rooms and other occasions * = Industrial conduit, low-permeability tube, resistant membrane and architectural membrane; its main characteristics are as follows: °%, pen line, • Wide service temperature range • Low flammability • Excellent electrical and mechanical properties • Excellent solvent and chemical resistance Product performance • Extreme outdoor weather resistance • High light transmission in the visible and ultraviolet light regions • Non-sticky • Excellent tear resistance • Good resistance to pressure and cracking • Low permeability • Good resistance to radiations resistance and processing it - filaments thereof, «and heteroaryl can facilitate special hose =; _ ^ Bauer the fiber. Xiao Zhuanxing has recognized applications in processing and manufacturing, bowling materials, and low-permeability vapor systems, etc., although the transitions are as follows. More and more • Processing temperature and processing temperature range, suitable for broadcast, co-extrusion, injection molding, and blown • Laminated film _ coating, returning and coexisting can be processed without using corrosion-resistant processing equipment == material phase Better than 'excellent softness to mouth' such as' inorganic and organic acid monodentate-hydrocarbon-alcohol 1237832 ·· Γϋΐ, fuel oil and other decay chemicals have excellent permeability resistance, permeability, It is in the ultraviolet and visible light area. A random one material is easy to bond a variety of elastomers and plastics, and has good self-adhesion. • Outdoor weather resistance is similar to other fluoroplastics. • There is a limit oxygen index, and it does not support PVDF. Polymers, which are widely used in electrical wires, such as fuel oil, automobiles, and construction industry, and their main characteristics are as follows: Early heart electronic chemistry, food and medical processes; • Excellent mechanical strength • Good chemical resistance • Continuous use temperature up to 15 ％ C • Excellent abrasion resistance and aging resistance • Smooth surface, non-stickiness • UV resistance, radiation resistance • Good flame retardancy • Good penetration resistance To describe the structure and material characteristics of your invention, you can It is clearly seen that the present invention uses a thermoplastic conversion of fluorine to form an insulating layer, and the adjacent layers and the outer layer 12 are composed of different gaseous thermoplastics. In the figure, the layer 12 does not rupture ', which causes its layer (shown as the inner layer u in FIG. T) to rupture at the same time, which causes the problem of insulating boots. It also has the characteristics of Wei Su's hot-rolled material, which supplements heat and pressure, and It has the advantage of good insulation effect. 'It can also be insulated without using insulating tape or insulating b', which simplifies the production process and saves costs, so it can also meet the requirements for the thickness of the wire insulation layer in the safety standard. Μ Please refer to " Figure 2 "is another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the conductor 10a and the conductor 10a are covered with a slope and have three layers of insulating layers.丨 Picture "is the same The adjacent two layers are composed of different fluorine thermoplastic petals. For example, the inner layer 11a closest to the guide 1237832 = a is FEP, the middle layer i3 adjacent to the inner mountain is m, and the outer layer 12a adjacent to the middle layer is m. Then it can be FEP or other non-pfa gas thermoplastics. "Monthly" see Figure 3 "" is another embodiment of the present invention as a transformer coil. The second element includes-one person coil 20, secondary coil 30 and an iron core 40, of which the primary coil 20 is a conductor 200 and an insulating layer covering the aforementioned first conductor with a first inner layer, a first intermediate layer, and an outer layer | 203, two times The coil 30 is composed of a second conductor 300 and an insulation f covering the first conductor 300 and having a second inner layer 301, a second intermediate layer 302, and a second outer layer 303. It can save the knowledge of the setting of the transformer blocking wall (i_lating bamer) and insulation tape, simplifying the production process and saving costs. ^ The above detailed description is a specific description of the feasible embodiments of the present invention, but this embodiment is not intended to limit the scope of patents of this invention. Any equivalent implementation or change that does not depart from the spirit of the invention of the present invention should be included in this Within the scope of the patent. 1237832 [Brief description of the drawings] Figure 1 is a sectional view of the present invention. FIG. 2 is another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a coil as a transformer according to another embodiment of the present invention. [Description of Symbols of Main Components] [Invention] 10, 10a ... Conductor 11, 11a ... Inner layer 12, 12a ... Outer layer 13 ... Intermediate layer 20 ....... Secondary coil 200 ... First conductor 201 ... First inner layer 202 ... First intermediate layer 203 ... First outer layer 30 ... Secondary coil 300 ... Second conductor 301 ... Second inner layer 302 ... Second intermediate layer 303 ... Second Outer layer 40 ...