1236318 玖、發明說明： [發明所屬之技術領域] 本發明係關於一種微帶天線，尤指一種利用印刷電路之製作技術，將一輻射金屬片 及一金屬接地板，分別印製在一介電質基板之兩彻湎上，並令饋入該輻射金屬片所形成 之二微帶天線中之電波訊號，可產生約九十度之相位差，且令該二微帶天線之場型相互 直交，以產生圓極化之輻射效果。 [先前技術] 按，在目前被廣泛使用之無線電子產品中，天線係一極爲重要且不可或缺之元件， 其主要功能係在將該等電子產品中所產生之微波訊號，輻射至空氣中，或是將空氣中之 微波訊號，接收進入該等電子產品之系統中，因此，該等電子產品中所使用之天線品質 是否優良，或天線特性是否匹配,均將對臓出或所接收到之微波訊號，有極大之影響， 並將因而影響到該等電子產品中射頻葡洛及數位電路之設計效能，故，該等無線電子產 口i之設計及繼業者，織計天線或將天線安鞋產品上時，即必須祕注意天線之輻 射效tg，對產品系統之影響。 在習知可產生圓極化之微帶天線中，依其結構及特性之不同，大致可區分成下列三 種： ⑴微帶天線(patch antenna):請參閱第1圖所示，該種微帶天線10之最常見設計， 係以一陶瓷材料(ceramic material)作爲其基材（substrate),利用模具及成型機，製成一 陶瓷板，再經燒結後，即獲得該基板11，該基板11之上、下表面，可分別利用網版印 刷及蝕刻之方式，印製一呈方形或矩形之輻射金屬片〇Patch)12及一接地金屬面(ground plane)13，並利用一饋入針(feed pin)14在依序貫穿該輻射金屬片(patch)12及基板11後， 與一電波訊號饋入線15(如：一同軸電纜線)相連接，使得該輻射金屬片12與該接地金 屬面13間形成共振腔，產生高頻電磁場，並透過該輻射金屬片12四周與該接地金屬面 13間之縫隙向外輻射出去。傳統上，爲令該種微帶天線10產生圓極化輻射之效果，均 係藉將呈方形或矩形之輻射金屬片(patch)12之兩對角，截去特定大小之三角形121，以 令其可產生九十度相位差且相互垂直之兩種輻射。一般言，該種微帶天線10雖具有體 積小、結構堅固、對於雛之穩定性高及功率損失低等優點，惟，該種微帶天線10不 1236318 僅頻寬很窄，且在設計所欲截去之兩對角三角形121時，亦須格外仔細，否則’不僅無 法產生真正之圓極化效果 > 所設計之阻抗匹配及共臟率點亦不易達成。 (2)透過能量均分器（Power Divider)饋入訊號之微帶天線··請參閱第2圖所示， 該種微帶天線20係以一般讎&板作爲其基板21 ,利用網版印刷及蝕刻技術，在該基板 21之上、下表面，分別印製一呈方形或矩形之輻射金屬片(pateh)22及一接地金屬面 (gnmnd plane)23，該輻射金屬片22之二相鄰側邊之中央位置處，分別延伸設有一纖 線241及242 ,該二傳輸線241及242係連接至一能量均分器25或相關元件，該能量均 分器25貝瞒一線路26，接收饋入該微帶天線20之電波訊號線。如此，在電波訊號饋入 輻射金屬片22前，即可利用該能量均分器25，將該電波訊號均分，再令其中一段傳輸 線241多延伸出四分之一波長之長度，即可使被均分之該電波訊號間，產生九十度之相 位差，成所需之圓極化效果《 (3)利用九十度偶合器饋入訊號之微帶天線：請參閱第3圖所示，該種微帶天線 30所使用之觀念，與第2圖麻之微帶天線20相似，皆係利用兩個相差九十度之饋入 尋號，來分別激發天線之兩個直交之輻射。復請參閱第3圖所示，該微帶天線30亦係 以一般電路板作爲其基板31 ,利用網版印刷及鈾刻技術，在該基板31之上、下表面， 分S11印製一呈方形或矩形之輻射金屬片32及一接地金屬面33，該輻射金屬片32之二相 鄰側邊之中央位置處，分別延伸設有一傳輸線341及342 ,該二傳輸線341及342係連 接至一九十度偶合器35或相關元件，該九十度偶合器35則藉一_ 36，接收饋入該微 帶天線30之電波訊號線。如此，電波訊號在饋入該輻射金屬片32前，即可利用該九十 度偶合器35，令該電波訊號均分且產生九十度之相位差，再分別饋入該輻射金屬片32 , 以達成所需之圓極化效果。 據上所述可知，爲令該等習知微帶天線達成所需之圓極化效果，微帶天線之設計及 製造業者係透過改變該輻射金屬片之結構，或藉增加控制元件，以令饋入其中之電波訊 號，可產生九十度之相位差，惟該等作法不僅在設計上十分困難，且製程繁複，成本較 高，即使設計完成，亦可能因遷就現實需要，而將其設計成更大尺寸之微帶天線’違反 了輕薄短小之設計趨勢。 【發明内容】 有鑑於前述傳統微帶天線欲達成所需之圓極化效果時，將面臨諸多設計上之困難 1236318 與障礙）發明人乃根據多年來從事天線製造之技術經驗》及所累積之專業知識，針對_t 述問題，開發設計出本發明之一種圓極化之印刷電路板天線結構。 本發明之一目的，係在利用印刷電路之製作技術，將一輻射金屬片及一金屬接地 板，分別印製在一介電質基板之兩側面上，其中該輻射金屬片包括二微帶天線及一微帶 線，該微帶線係臟在該介電質基社對應於該金屬接地板之位置，其一端係作爲該等 微帶天線之電波訊號饋入線 > 其另一端縫對應於該金屬接地板之膽 > 延伸一預定長 度後，形成該二微帶天線，該二微帶天線之尺寸相同，但佈設在該介電質基板上之位置， 則相互呈直交狀，且彼此間係以一長約四分之一波長之傳輸線相連接，故由該微帶線饋 入該二微帶天線之電波訊號，不僅將產生約九十度之相位差，且該二微帶天線之場型必 互相直交 > 以產生圓極化之輻射效果。 本發明之另一目的，係利用簡單之高頻電路設計觀念及簡易之設計方式，製作出構 造簡單且可產生圓極化效果之印刷葡洛板天線，以有效改善圓極化天線之製程，大幅降 低其設計及製作之成本。 爲便貴審査委員能對本發明之形狀、構造、設計原理及其功效，有更進一步之認 識與瞭解，茲列舉下列實施例，並配合圖式，詳細說明如下： 【實施方式】 本發明係一種圓極化之印刷電路板天線結構，係利用印刷電路之製作技術，在製 作一微帶天線40時，請參閱第4及δ圖所示，直接將一輻射金屬片41及一金屬接地板 42分印製在一介電質基板43之兩側面上，其中該輻射金屬片41包括一微帶線44及 二微帶天線451、452 ,該微帶線44係佈設在該介電質基板43上對應於該金屬接地板 42之位置，其一端係作爲電波訊號之饋人端，其另一端則在該介電質基板43上沿著對 應於該金屬接地板42之邊緣，延伸一預定長度後，形成該二微帶天線451、452 ’該二 微帶天線451、452之尺寸相同，但佈設在該介電質基板43上之位置，則相互呈直交狀， 且彼此間係以一長約四分之一波長(λ/4)之讎線453相連接，故由該微帶線44饋入該 二微帶天線451、452之電波訊號，不僅將產生約九十度之相位差，且該二微帶天線451、 452之場型必互相直交，以產生圓極化之輻射效果。 1236318 在本發明之一較佳實施例中，復請參閱第4及5圖所示，所運用之設計理念’係將 該二尺寸相同但位置互相直交之微帶天線451、452，依向量座標之槪念，將其中之一微 帶天線451之歸一 (Normalized)輸入阻抗ZanhSS計成如下所示：1236318 发明 Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a microstrip antenna, especially a manufacturing technology using printed circuits. A radiating metal sheet and a metal ground plate are printed on a dielectric, respectively. The two micro-strip antennas can feed the radio wave signals in the two microstrip antennas formed by the radiating metal sheet with a phase difference of about 90 degrees, and make the field patterns of the two microstrip antennas orthogonal to each other. To produce a circularly polarized radiation effect. [Previous technology] According to the current widely used wireless electronic products, the antenna is an extremely important and indispensable component, and its main function is to radiate the microwave signals generated in these electronic products to the air. Or, the microwave signal in the air is received into the system of these electronic products. Therefore, whether the quality of the antenna used in these electronic products is good or the antenna characteristics are matched will be detected or received. The microwave signal has a great influence, and will affect the design performance of the RF plasma and digital circuits in these electronic products. Therefore, the design and successor of these wireless electronic products, weaving antennas or antennas When installing shoes, you must pay special attention to the radiation effect tg of the antenna, which affects the product system. Among the conventional microstrip antennas that can generate circular polarization, according to their structure and characteristics, they can be roughly divided into the following three types: ⑴ microstrip antenna (patch antenna): please refer to Figure 1, this kind of microstrip The most common design of the antenna 10 is to use a ceramic material as its substrate, use a mold and a molding machine to make a ceramic plate, and then sinter to obtain the substrate 11 and the substrate 11 The upper and lower surfaces can be screen printed and etched to print a square or rectangular radiant metal sheet 0Patch 12 and a ground plane 13 respectively, and a feed pin ( After the feed pin 14 passes through the radiation metal patch 12 and the substrate 11 in sequence, it is connected to a radio wave signal feed line 15 (such as a coaxial cable), so that the radiation metal sheet 12 and the ground metal surface Thirteen resonance chambers form a high-frequency electromagnetic field, and radiate outward through a gap between the radiating metal sheet 12 and the ground metal surface 13. Traditionally, in order to make this kind of microstrip antenna 10 produce circularly polarized radiation, it is to cut off the triangle 121 of a specific size by using two diagonal corners of a square or rectangular radiating metal patch 12 It can produce two kinds of radiation with a phase difference of 90 degrees and perpendicular to each other. Generally speaking, although this kind of microstrip antenna 10 has the advantages of small size, sturdy structure, high stability to chicks and low power loss, etc., this kind of microstrip antenna 10 does not have 1236318 and only has a very narrow bandwidth, When you want to cut off the two diagonal triangles 121, you must also be extra careful, otherwise 'not only can't produce the true circular polarization effect> the designed impedance matching and common contamination rate points are not easy to achieve. (2) A microstrip antenna that feeds signals through a power divider (see Figure 2). This type of microstrip antenna 20 uses a general 雠 & board as its substrate 21 and uses a screen. Printing and etching technology. A square or rectangular radiation metal sheet (pateh) 22 and a ground metal surface (gnmnd plane) 23 are printed on the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate 21, respectively. The two phases of the radiation metal sheet 22 At the center of the adjacent side, a fiber line 241 and 242 are respectively extended. The two transmission lines 241 and 242 are connected to an energy divider 25 or related components. The energy divider 25 hides a line 26 and receives Radio signal lines fed into the microstrip antenna 20. In this way, before the radio wave signal is fed into the radiating metal sheet 22, the energy divider 25 can be used to evenly divide the radio wave signal, and then one of the transmission lines 241 is extended by a quarter of a wavelength, so that The equally-divided radio wave signals produce a phase difference of 90 degrees, resulting in the desired circular polarization effect. (3) Microstrip antennas that use 90-degree couplers to feed the signals: see Figure 3 The concept used by this type of microstrip antenna 30 is similar to that of the microstrip antenna 20 of linen in FIG. 2, both of which use two feed-in search numbers that are 90 degrees apart to excite the two orthogonal radiations of the antenna. Please refer to FIG. 3 again. The microstrip antenna 30 also uses a general circuit board as its substrate 31. Using screen printing and uranium engraving technology, the top and bottom surfaces of the substrate 31 are printed in S11. A square or rectangular radiating metal sheet 32 and a ground metal surface 33. At the center of two adjacent sides of the radiating metal sheet 32, a transmission line 341 and 342 are respectively extended, and the two transmission lines 341 and 342 are connected to a The ninety degree coupler 35 or related components, the ninety degree coupler 35 borrows a _36 to receive the radio signal line fed into the microstrip antenna 30. In this way, before the radio wave signal is fed into the radiating metal sheet 32, the ninety degree coupler 35 can be used to evenly divide the radio wave signal and generate a phase difference of ninety degrees, and then feed the radiating metal sheet 32 separately, To achieve the desired circular polarization effect. According to the above, in order to achieve the desired circular polarization effect of these conventional microstrip antennas, the design and manufacturing of microstrip antennas is to change the structure of the radiating metal sheet or add control elements to make The radio wave signal fed into it can produce a phase difference of 90 degrees, but these methods are not only very difficult in design, but also have complicated manufacturing processes and high costs. Even if the design is completed, it may be designed to accommodate actual needs. A microstrip antenna with a larger size 'violates the design trend of thin, light and short. [Summary of the Invention] In view of the aforementioned conventional microstrip antennas, in order to achieve the desired circular polarization effect, they will face many design difficulties (1236318 and obstacles). The inventor is based on many years of technical experience in antenna manufacturing and accumulated Based on the professional knowledge, a circularly polarized printed circuit board antenna structure of the present invention is developed and designed for the problems described above. One object of the present invention is to use printed circuit manufacturing technology to print a radiating metal sheet and a metal ground plate on both sides of a dielectric substrate, wherein the radiating metal sheet includes two microstrip antennas. And a microstrip line, the microstrip line is dirty at the position of the dielectric base corresponding to the metal ground plate, one end of which is used as the radio wave signal feed line of the microstrip antennas, and the other end of the seam corresponds to After the metal ground plate is extended a predetermined length, the two microstrip antennas are formed. The two microstrip antennas have the same size, but are arranged on the dielectric substrate at right angles to each other and each other. It is connected by a transmission line with a length of about a quarter of a wavelength, so the radio signal fed from the microstrip line to the two microstrip antennas will not only produce a phase difference of about ninety degrees, but also the two microstrip antennas. The field patterns must be orthogonal to each other > to produce a circularly polarized radiation effect. Another object of the present invention is to use a simple high-frequency circuit design concept and a simple design method to produce a printed Plasma plate antenna with a simple structure and a circular polarization effect, so as to effectively improve the process of the circular polarization antenna. Significantly reduce its design and production costs. In order that the review committee can further understand and understand the shape, structure, design principle and effect of the present invention, the following examples are listed together with the drawings to explain in detail as follows: [Embodiment] The present invention is a kind of The circularly polarized printed circuit board antenna structure uses printed circuit manufacturing technology. When manufacturing a microstrip antenna 40, refer to Figures 4 and δ and directly place a radiating metal sheet 41 and a metal ground plate 42. Sub-printed on both sides of a dielectric substrate 43, wherein the radiating metal sheet 41 includes a microstrip line 44 and two microstrip antennas 451 and 452, and the microstrip line 44 is arranged on the dielectric substrate 43 The upper end corresponds to the position of the metal ground plate 42, and one end is used as a feeding end of the radio wave signal, and the other end is extended on the dielectric substrate 43 along the edge corresponding to the metal ground plate 42 by a predetermined length. Then, the two microstrip antennas 451 and 452 are formed. The two microstrip antennas 451 and 452 have the same size, but are arranged on the dielectric substrate 43 at right angles to each other, and are connected to each other by a length. About a quarter wavelength The (雠 / 4) 雠 line 453 is connected, so the microstrip line 44 feeds the radio wave signals of the two microstrip antennas 451, 452, which will not only produce a phase difference of about ninety degrees, but also the two microstrip antennas. The field patterns of 451 and 452 must be orthogonal to each other to produce a circularly polarized radiation effect. 1236318 In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figs. 4 and 5. The design concept used is "the two microstrip antennas 451 and 452 of the same size but orthogonal to each other, according to vector coordinates. As a result, the normalized input impedance ZanhSS of one of the microstrip antennas 451 is calculated as follows:
Zantx + 或 去一 ^ ，此時，若以該微帶線44爲訊號饋入線，由於該微帶線44與該另一微帶天線452間之 距離，較其與該微帶天線451間之距離，多了約四分之一波長(λ/4)之該働線453之長 度，亦即訊號饋入該另一微帶天線452之距離，較饋入該微帶天線451之距離，多了約 四分之一波長(λ/4)之長度，故該另一微帶天線452之歸一 (Normalized )輸入阻抗Zant2 將被設計成如下所示： Ζα扣 2 =去一y# 或 \ + ，因此，在該較佳實施例中，當該微帶線44將該二微帶天線451、452並接在一起時， 即可得到該圓極化印刷電路板天線之歸一輸入阻抗ZyZanW/ZanW^l，該阻抗Z係 與該讎線453之阻抗相匹配。 在該較佳實施例中，復請參閱第4及5圖所示，該輻射金屬片41之微帶線44在該 介電質基板43上沿著對應於該金屬接地板42之邊緣，延伸一預定長度後，將以垂直於 該微帶線44之方向，向兩側延伸，其中一側係向對應於該金屬接地板42之外側，延伸 出一長度al後，再以平行於該微帶線44之方向，延伸出另一長度Μ，以形成該微帶天 線451;其另一側則係向對應於該金屬接地板42之內側，延伸出長度約爲四分之一波長 (λ/4)之該傳輸線453後，再以平行於該微帶線44之方向，向對應於該金屬接地板42之 外側，延伸出一長度a2後，再以垂直於該微帶線44之方向，延伸出另一長度b2，以形 成該另一微帶天線452。在該較佳實施例中，需特別注意者，乃無論該二微帶天線45卜 452所形成之圖案爲何，該二微帶天線451、452之尺寸係大小相同，且二者佈設在該介 電質基板43上之關係位置，係呈相互直交狀，且彼此間以長度約四分之一波長(λ/4)之 該讎線453相互連接，如此，經由該微帶線44饋入該二微帶天線45卜452之電波訊 號，不僅將產生約九十度之相位差，且該二微帶天線45卜452之場型亦必相互直交， 以產生所需之圓極化輻射效果。 本發明根據前述最佳實施例之設計條件，分別將該微帶線44、該傳輸線453、該二 1236318 微帶天線451、452及一金屬接地板42實際製作在一介電質基板43之兩個湎上，其中 各該線路之寬度爲1.5釐米(mm),該傳輸線453爲四分之一波長(λ/4)之長度，約29釐 米，該二微帶天線451、452之長度，其中al爲10釐米，Μ爲20釐米，a2爲10釐米， b2爲20釐米，再利用檢測頻率及阻抗之儀器，對其進行檢測後，其檢測結果由第6圖 所示之反射係數可知，該圓極化之印刷電路板天線之頻帶寬度不僅較一般微帶天線爲 大，且其頻寬範圍在2.3817GHz (10億赫茲）與2.6291GHz (10億赫茲）間有良好之 頻率響應（以-10dB爲基準）。 據上所述，本發明可利用印刷電路之製作技術，在製作無線電子產品之印刷電路板 時，直接將該圓極化之印刷電路板天線一倂製作在該印刷葡洛板上，不僅令其可產生圓 極化之幅射效果，更大輻簡化了圓極化天線之製程，有纖少了圓極化天線之製作成本。 以上所述，僅爲本發明最佳具體實施例，惟本發明之構造特徵並不侷限於此，任何 熟悉該項技藝者在本發明領域內，可輕易思及之變化或修飾，皆可涵蓋在以下本案之專 利範圍。 ，【圖式簡單說明】 圖式說明= 第1圖係一習知微帶天線之立體外觀示意圖； 第2圖係一習知透過能量均分器饋入訊號之微帶天線之立體外觀示意圖； 第3圖係一習知利用九十度偶合器饋入訊號之微帶天線之立體外觀示意圖； 第4圖係本發明之一較佳實施例之微帶天線之平面示意圖； 第5圖係第4圖所示本發明之微帶天線之立體外觀示意圖； 第ό圖係本發明之較佳實施例之實酒敷據示意圖。 主要部分之代表符號： 微帶天線 ……. ..........40 輻射金屬片·…… ..........41 金屬接地板……· ..........42 介電質基板……, ..........43 微帶線 ……, ..........44 微帶天線 ……, ..........451、452 讎線 .......Zantx + or go to ^. At this time, if the microstrip line 44 is used as a signal feed line, the distance between the microstrip line 44 and the other microstrip antenna 452 is greater than the distance between the microstrip line 44 and the microstrip antenna 451. The distance is about a quarter of a wavelength (λ / 4) longer than the length of the chirped line 453, that is, the distance that the signal feeds into the other microstrip antenna 452 is longer than the distance fed into the microstrip antenna 451. Since it is about a quarter of a wavelength (λ / 4), the normalized input impedance Zant2 of the other microstrip antenna 452 will be designed as follows: ZZα 扣 2 = 去 一 y # or \ +, Therefore, in the preferred embodiment, when the microstrip line 44 connects the two microstrip antennas 451 and 452 in parallel, the normalized input impedance ZyZanW of the circularly polarized printed circuit board antenna can be obtained. / ZanW ^ l, the impedance Z is matched with the impedance of the chirped wire 453. In the preferred embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the microstrip line 44 of the radiating metal sheet 41 extends on the dielectric substrate 43 along the edge corresponding to the metal ground plate 42. After a predetermined length, it will extend to both sides in a direction perpendicular to the microstrip line 44. One side will extend to the outside corresponding to the metal ground plate 42. After extending a length al, it will be parallel to the microstrip line. In the direction of the strip line 44, another length M is extended to form the microstrip antenna 451; the other side is directed to the inside corresponding to the metal ground plate 42, and the length is about a quarter of a wavelength (λ / 4) after the transmission line 453, then extend a length a2 in a direction parallel to the microstrip line 44 to the outside corresponding to the metal ground plate 42, and then in a direction perpendicular to the microstrip line 44 , Extending another length b2 to form the other microstrip antenna 452. In the preferred embodiment, it is necessary to pay special attention to the fact that regardless of the pattern formed by the two microstrip antennas 45 and 452, the two microstrip antennas 451 and 452 are the same size, and the two are arranged in the interface. The relationship positions on the electric substrate 43 are orthogonal to each other, and they are connected to each other by the chirp line 453 with a length of about a quarter of a wavelength (λ / 4). Thus, the microstrip line 44 is fed into the The radio signal of the second microstrip antenna 45b 452 will not only produce a phase difference of about ninety degrees, but the field types of the second microstrip antenna 45b 452 will also be orthogonal to each other to produce the required circularly polarized radiation effect. According to the design conditions of the foregoing preferred embodiment, the present invention actually manufactures two of the microstrip line 44, the transmission line 453, the two 1236318 microstrip antennas 451, 452, and a metal ground plate 42 on a dielectric substrate 43 On each frame, the width of each line is 1.5 cm (mm), the transmission line 453 is a quarter-wavelength (λ / 4), about 29 cm, and the length of the two microstrip antennas 451, 452, where Al is 10 cm, M is 20 cm, a2 is 10 cm, and b2 is 20 cm. After testing it with an instrument for detecting frequency and impedance, the detection result can be known from the reflection coefficient shown in Figure 6, which The circularly polarized printed circuit board antenna not only has a larger frequency band than general microstrip antennas, but also has a good frequency response between 2.3817GHz (1 billion Hz) and 2.6291GHz (1 billion Hz) (with- 10dB as the reference). According to the above, the present invention can use the manufacturing technology of printed circuits. When manufacturing printed circuit boards for wireless electronic products, the circularly polarized printed circuit board antennas are directly fabricated on the printed prosthetic board. It can produce a circularly polarized radiation effect, a larger radius simplifies the process of circularly polarized antennas, and reduces the production cost of circularly polarized antennas. The above description is only the best embodiment of the present invention, but the structural features of the present invention are not limited to this. Any changes or modifications that can be easily considered by those skilled in the art in the field of the present invention can be covered. The scope of patents in this case is as follows. [Schematic description] Schematic description = Figure 1 is a stereoscopic appearance of a conventional microstrip antenna; Figure 2 is a stereoscopic appearance of a conventional microstrip antenna that feeds signals through an energy divider; Figure 3 is a three-dimensional external view of a conventional microstrip antenna using a 90-degree coupler to feed a signal; Figure 4 is a schematic plan view of a microstrip antenna according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional appearance of the microstrip antenna of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a real wine application according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Representative symbols of main parts: Microstrip antenna …… .......... 40 Radiation metal sheet …………………… 41 Metal ground plate …… · ... ...... 42 Dielectric substrates ..., ......... 43 Microstrip lines ..., ......... 44 Microstrip antennas ..., .. ............. 451, 452 squall line ...