1235248 玖、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是有關於一種具有自我修復能力之光纖布拉 格光柵感測系統，尤指一種利用星-匯流排（BUS)-環狀的 網路架構，來大幅提高當光纖發生斷路時的系統自我修 復能力；並且使用分時多工的方式，有效的提高系統感 測容量。 【先前技術】 光纖布拉格光柵（Fiber Bragg Grating ; FBG)，近 年來成為光纖感測領域的重要光學元件。其特性為當外 界應力變化加諸於此光纖光柵時，其反射的波長（Bragg Wavelength)就會變化，使得這種光學元件所製成的感 測器可以廣泛地應用量測應變。按，一般習用者如Μ. A. Davis 於 1996 年 Electronics Letters 第 32 卷第 1393-1394頁的論文中提出利用1對4與1對2的光電開 關來增加光纖感測的容量達60點，採用分時多工的方式 增加感測數量；雖然此方法可增加感測數目，但將光纖 感測器放在同一條光纖上’如發生光纖斷線時系統將不 易修復。 再如 A· D· Kersey 於 1997 年 Journal of Lightwave Technology第15卷第1442-1463頁的論文中提出利用 星狀或樹狀的網路架構佈放光纖感測器，此種方式雖可 1235248 增加光纖感測系統的容量，但是此兩—^ ^ ^ ?, 陶種網路架構在光纖 發生斷線時無法以其他光路徑來偵測践測訊號。 又如 V. Montoya 於 2000 年 TI?rr + · τ IEEE Photonics1235248 发明 Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a fiber Bragg grating sensing system with self-healing ability, especially a network architecture using a star-bus (BUS) -ring, To greatly improve the system's self-healing ability when an optical fiber break occurs; and using time-division and multiplexing to effectively increase the system's sensing capacity. [Previous Technology] Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) has become an important optical component in the field of fiber sensing in recent years. Its characteristic is that when a change in external stress is applied to this fiber grating, its reflection wavelength (Bragg Wavelength) will change, so that the sensor made of this optical element can be widely used to measure strain. According to the papers of general users such as M. A. Davis in 1996, Electronic Letters, Vol. 32, pp. 1393-1394, the use of 1-to-4 and 1-to-2 photoelectric switches to increase the optical fiber sensing capacity to 60 points, The time-division multiplexing method is used to increase the number of senses; although this method can increase the number of senses, the fiber optic sensor is placed on the same optical fiber. 'If an optical fiber disconnection occurs, the system will not be easy to repair. For example, in the 1997 paper of Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 15, pp. 1442-1463, by A · D · Kersey, it was proposed to use star-like or tree-like network architecture to lay out optical fiber sensors. Although this method can be increased by 1235248 Fiber-optic sensing system capacity, but these two — ^ ^ ^?, Ceramic network architecture cannot detect the measurement signal by other optical paths when the fiber is disconnected. Another example is V. Montoya's 2000 TI? Rr + · τ IEEE Photonics
Technology Letters 第 12 卷第 1270、1272 頁的論文中 提出利用匯流排（BUS)狀的網路架構佈放光纖感=器增 加光纖感測的數量’但是此種架構仍未考慮當網路發生 斷路時如何即時修復糸統。 另如 P· C· Peng 於 2003 年 IEEE Photonics Technology Letters第15卷第275-277頁的論文，為本 實驗室先前提出之技術，利用環狀的網路佈放光纖感測 器，此種架構雖具有自我修復能力，但是當網路發生兩 點或兩點以上的斷點，系統仍無法自行修復，相較於本 專利利用網路節點的方式可大幅提高系統自行修復之能 力。 所以就上述觀之，一般傳統式光纖布拉格光栅感測 系統，為利用寬頻光源進入光纖布拉格光柵，再量測其 反射頻譜的變化，在一般的分波多工系統中其放置感測 點的數目會受限於寬頻光源的頻寬與功率，且該光纖感 測系統並未設計當光纖系統發生光纖斷線或元件損毀 時，系統如何即時自行修復。 【發明内容】 為解決上述習用之缺失，因此本發明之主要目的係 在於，可改變以往感測器佈放的架構，利用星-匯流排 1235248 ^衣狀的網路架構，大幅提昇錢自我修復能力。 ，發明之另-目的係在於，可讓純具有自我修復 月匕，且利用分時多工的方式，提昇感測數目。 明之再—目的係在於，可利用光纖雷射的架構 則系統，因此具有高功率輸出與高訊雜比等優 點’因此线可適用於大範圍與遠距離感測。 夕4^達上述之目的’本發明係—種具有自我修復能力 ^光，布拉格光柵感測“，其係由—用以提供光源與 ^感測訊號之中央控制室；—以上與中央控制室連接 作為保護網路之網路節點；1上設置於各網路節點間 用以控制光的路徑朗分❹工絲之2x2光開關；以 及-以上分職2x2光開關連接之光纖布拉格光拇所構 士。可利用星-匯流排⑽s)—環狀的網路架構，來大幅提 局當光纖發生斷路時的系統自我修復能力；並且使用分 時多工的方式，有效的提高系統感測容量。 【實施方式】 、請參閱『第1〜8圖』所示，係本發明光纖布拉格光 柵感測系統之示意圖、本發明網路節點之架構圖示意 圖 '本發明偵測感測區域之路徑示意圖、本發明光纖斷 線在匯流排（BUS)狀網路之示意圖、本發明當光纖斷線在 星狀網路之示意圖、本發明實驗驗證光纖感測系統之示 思圖、本發明S6 # S7發生斷路時路徑】可調濾波器所 抓知S7 S S10之说不意圖、本發明路徑2調整可調濾 1235248 波器所探知S1至S6之訊號示意圖。如圖所示：本發明 種八有自我修復能力之光纖布拉格光柵感測系統，其 係由一中央控制室1、一以上之網路節點2、一以上之 2x2光開關3、以及一以上之光纖布拉格光柵4所構成。 利用星匯么IL排（BUS)-環狀的網路架構，來大幅提高當 光纖發生斷路時的系統自我修復能力；並且使用分時多 工的方式，有效的提高系統感測容量。 明參閱第1圖、第2圖所示，上述所提之中央控制 至1係用以提供光源與監測感測訊號。 口亥以上之網路卽點2係分別與上述之中央控制室 1連接，係用以作為保護網路之用，各網路節點2主要 係由一以上之1x2光開關2 1所組成。 ^該一以上之2x2光開關3係分別設置於上述各網路 節點2之間，係用以控制光的路徑達到分時多工的效果。 該一以上之光纖布拉格光柵4係分別與上述之2χ2 光開關3連接，而各光纖布拉格光栅4係可以星狀網路 架構、匯流排（Bus)狀網路架構及環狀網路架構與2χ2 光開關連接來達到分時多工的效果。如是，藉由上述之 結構構成-全新之具有自我修復能力之光纖布拉格光拇 感測系統。 請參閱第3圖所示，係、為說明利用匯流排狀網路架 構來達到分時多卫的效果，其中Sm(m=HG)為不同波長 之光纖布拉格光柵4，虛線為光的路徑圖，而圖中之⑷ 1235248 為當偵測感測區域1時的光路徑圖，（b)為當偵測感測區 域2時的光路徑圖。如第4圖所示，為當匯流排狀網路 架構發生光纖斷線的情形，當發生光纖斷線時，本發明 依然可以利用網路節點來分別偵測區域3與4的感測訊 號。 而第5圖係為本發明星狀的網路架構發生斷線時， 利用網路節點2重新安排新路徑圖。因此本發明不會因 網路斷線造成系統完全無法工作。 但是由於在網路中使用多個光開關會造成感測訊號 的功率與訊雜比降低，因此本發明之中央控制室i係採 用光纖雷射的架構來提高訊號強度，如第6圖所示，該 中央控制室1係由一光纖反射鏡i丄、一與該光纖反射 鏡1 1連接之光纖放大器1 2、一與該光纖放大器1 2 連接之可調濾波器1 3、一與可調濾波器丄3連接之1χ2 光開關1 4，此開關可進一步為1χΝ光開關、一與該光 纖反射鏡1 1連接之光偵測器i 5、以及一與可調濾波 為1 3及光偵測器1 5連接之微電腦控制器丄6所組 成，其中該光纖反射鏡1 1係由一 2χ2光耦合器丄工工 與一光偏極控制元件1 1 2組成，該光纖反射鏡丄丄之 反射率可以使用光偏極控制元件i丄2作調整，而該光 纖放大态1 2係為摻铒光纖放大器，當可調濾波器丄3 與光纖布拉格光柵4之波長_致時，就會產生雷射訊號 輸出至光偵測器1 5 ’因此我們可以由雷射訊號的輸出 1235248 波長彳于知感測sfl號。光纖布拉格光柵4其波長由幻到 其順序為 1538. 58，1540. 14，1542.81，1544. 28, 1546.65, 1548.42, 1550.43, 1552.38, 1554.39, W56.37 nm ;第7圖為當S6與S7發生斷路時由路徑1 调整可義波所探知的S7至sl〇之訊號；第8圖為由 路徑2調整可調遽波器所探知S1至％之訊號。因此我 們可由第7圖〜第8圖可驗證系統之可行性。 综上所述’本發明具有自我修復能力之光纖布拉格 光柵感測系統可有效改善習用之種種缺點，使其且有自# 我修復能力之光纖布拉格光栅感測系統之構造達到利用 星-匯流排（BUS)-環狀的網路架構，來大幅提高當光纖發 生澌路時的系統自我修復能力；並錢用分時多玉的方. 式’有效的提高系統感測容量之功效，進而使本發明之. 産生月b更進步、更實用、更符合使用者之所須，確已符 合新型f利申請之要件，爰依法提出專利申請，尚請貴 審查委員撥；L細審’並盼早日料專利以勵發明，實感 德便。 響 二1·隹以上所述者’僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已，當 不能=此限定本發明實施之朗；故，凡依本發明申請 專利範圍及發明說明㈣容所作之簡單料效變化與修 飾，皆應仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍内。 11 1235248 【圖式簡單說明】 弟1圖，係本發日月光纖布拉袼光栅m狀示意圖。 圖’係本發明網路節點之架構圖示意圖。 第3圖，係本發明偵測感測區域之路徑示意圖。 第4 3係本發明光纖斷線在匯流排（BUS)狀網路之示意 圖。 第5圖，係本發明當光纖斷線在星狀網路之示意圖。 第6圖，係本發明實驗驗證光纖感測系統之示意圖。 第7圖，係本發明S6與S7發生斷路時路徑1可調濾波 · 器所探知S7至S10之訊號示意圖。 第8圖’係本發明路徑2調整可調濾波器所探知si至S6 之訊號示意圖。 【元件標號對照】 中央控制室1 2x2光耦合器1 1工 光纖放大器1 2 1x2光開關1 4 微電腦控制器1 6 網路節點2 2x2光開關3 光纖反射鏡1 1 光偏極控制元件112 可調濾波器13 ^ 光偵測器1 5 1x2光開關2 1 光纖布拉格光柵4 12Technology Letters Volume 12, pages 1270, 1272 proposes using a bus-like network architecture to deploy fiber optic sensors to increase the number of fiber sensors. However, this architecture has not yet considered when the network is disconnected. How to fix the system instantly. Another example is P.C. Peng's 2003 IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol. 15, pp. 275-277. This is a technique previously proposed by this laboratory, which uses a ring-shaped network to deploy fiber optic sensors. This architecture Although it has the ability to repair itself, when two or more breakpoints occur on the network, the system still cannot repair itself. Compared with the method of using network nodes in this patent, the ability of the system to repair itself can be greatly improved. Therefore, in view of the above, in general traditional fiber Bragg grating sensing systems, in order to use a broadband light source to enter the fiber Bragg grating, and then measure the change in its reflection spectrum, the number of sensing points placed in a general demultiplexing system will be Limited by the bandwidth and power of the broadband light source, and the optical fiber sensing system is not designed for how the system repairs itself in time when the optical fiber system is broken or the components are damaged. [Summary of the Invention] In order to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings, the main purpose of the present invention is to change the structure of the previous sensor deployment and use the star-bus 1235248 ^ clothing-like network architecture to greatly improve the self-healing of money. ability. Another purpose of the invention is to allow pure self-repairing moon daggers, and to increase the number of sensing by using time-sharing and multiplexing. Ming Zai Zai—The purpose is to use the optical fiber laser architecture and system, so it has the advantages of high power output and high signal-to-noise ratio, so the line can be used for large-scale and long-distance sensing. In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention is a type of the invention with a self-repairing ability of light and Bragg grating sensing, which is based on a central control room for providing a light source and a sensing signal; the above and the central control room. Connected as a network node to protect the network; 1 is installed on each network node to control the path of the light 2x2 optical switch; and--the above-mentioned 2x2 optical switch is connected to the fiber Bragg optical hall Architect. A star-bus network (s) -ring network architecture can be used to greatly improve the system's self-healing ability when a fiber break occurs; and it uses time-sharing and multiplexing to effectively increase the system's sensing capacity [Embodiment] Please refer to [Figures 1 to 8], which are a schematic diagram of the fiber Bragg grating sensing system of the present invention, and a schematic diagram of the network node architecture of the present invention. Schematic diagram of the optical fiber disconnection in the bus-shaped network of the present invention, schematic diagram of the optical fiber disconnection in the star-shaped network of the present invention, schematic diagram of the optical fiber sensing system experimentally verified by the present invention, and S6 of the present invention # Path when S7 is broken] The S7 S S10 captured by the tunable filter is not intended. The schematic diagram of the signals of S1 to S6 detected by the tunable filter 1235248 of the path 2 of the present invention is shown in the figure. Eight fiber Bragg grating sensing systems with self-repairing ability are composed of a central control room 1, more than one network node 2, more than 2x2 optical switches 3, and more than one fiber Bragg grating 4. Xinghuima IL bus (BUS) -ring network architecture to greatly improve the system's self-healing ability when the optical fiber is disconnected; and use time-division multiplexing to effectively increase the system's sensing capacity. As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the central control mentioned above 1 is used to provide light sources and monitoring and sensing signals. Network points 2 and above are connected to the above-mentioned central control room 1 respectively. For the purpose of protecting the network, each network node 2 is mainly composed of one or more 1x2 optical switches 21. ^ The one or more 2x2 optical switches 3 are respectively disposed between the above-mentioned network nodes 2. Used to control the path of light to reach points The effect of time multiplexing. The one or more fiber Bragg gratings 4 are connected to the above 2 × 2 optical switch 3 respectively, and each fiber Bragg grating 4 series can have a star network architecture, a bus network architecture and a ring. The network structure is connected to the 2 × 2 optical switch to achieve the effect of time-division multiplexing. If so, it is constituted by the above structure-a new self-repairing fiber Bragg thumb sensor system. See Figure 3, In order to illustrate the use of a bus-like network architecture to achieve the effect of time-sharing and multiple health, Sm (m = HG) is a fiber Bragg grating 4 with different wavelengths, and the dotted line is the path diagram of light, and ， 1235248 in the figure is A light path diagram when the sensing area 1 is detected, (b) is a light path diagram when the sensing area 2 is detected. As shown in FIG. 4, when a fiber disconnection occurs in the busbar network architecture, when the fiber disconnection occurs, the present invention can still use the network node to detect the sensing signals in areas 3 and 4, respectively. FIG. 5 is a diagram of rearranging a new path by using the network node 2 when the star-shaped network architecture of the present invention is disconnected. Therefore, the present invention will not cause the system to be completely inoperable due to a network disconnection. However, because the use of multiple optical switches in the network will reduce the power and signal-to-noise ratio of the sensing signal, the central control room i of the present invention uses a fiber optic laser architecture to increase the signal strength, as shown in FIG. 6 The central control room 1 is composed of a fiber optic mirror i 丄, a fiber amplifier 1 connected to the fiber mirror 1 1, a tunable filter 1 connected to the fiber amplifier 1 2, and a tunable filter. 1 × 2 optical switch 1 4 connected to filter 丄 3, this switch can further be a 1 × N optical switch, a light detector i 5 connected to the fiber optic mirror 1 1, and an adjustable filter 1 13 and light detection The microcomputer controller 丄 6 connected to the tester 15 is composed of a fiber optic mirror 1 1 composed of a 2 × 2 optical coupler and a light polarized pole control element 1 12. The reflectance can be adjusted using the optical polarization control element i 丄 2, and the fiber amplification state 12 is an erbium-doped fiber amplifier. When the wavelengths of the tunable filter 丄 3 and the fiber Bragg grating 4 are the same, it will produce The laser signal is output to the light detector 1 5 'so we can 1,235,248 wavelength of laser output signals on the left foot sensing sfl known number. The fiber Bragg grating 4 has wavelengths ranging from phantom to order: 1538. 58, 1540. 14, 1542.81, 1544. 28, 1546.65, 1548.42, 1550.43, 1552.38, 1554.39, W56.37 nm; Figure 7 shows when S6 and S7 occur When the circuit is broken, the signals from S7 to sl0 detected by the adjustable wave by path 1 are adjusted; Figure 8 shows the signals from S1 to% detected by the adjustable wave filter from path 2. Therefore, we can verify the feasibility of the system from Figures 7 to 8. In summary, the self-repairing fiber Bragg grating sensing system of the present invention can effectively improve various shortcomings of the conventional fiber Bragg grating sensing system, and it has the self-repairing ability of the fiber Bragg grating sensing system to achieve the use of star-bus (BUS) -ring network architecture, to greatly improve the system's self-repair ability when the optical fiber runs out of road; and the money is spent in a time-sharing and multi-tasking way. The 'effectively increase the efficiency of the system's sensing capacity, and then make The invention has produced more advanced, more practical, and more user-friendly requirements, and has indeed met the requirements for a new type of patent application. The patent application has been submitted in accordance with the law, and your review committee is still requested to dial it; Early patents to encourage inventions, it is a real virtue. The two mentioned above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. When this cannot be used to limit the implementation of the present invention, therefore, all the simple materials made according to the scope of the patent application and the description of the invention The effect changes and modifications should still fall within the scope of the invention patent. 11 1235248 [Schematic description] Figure 1 is a m-shaped schematic diagram of the sun and moon fiber Bragg grating. FIG. 'Is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a network node according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a path for detecting a sensing area according to the present invention. The fourth and third series are schematic diagrams of the optical fiber disconnection of the present invention in a bus (BUS) -like network. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the present invention when an optical fiber is disconnected in a star network. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the experimental verification optical fiber sensing system of the present invention. Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the signals detected by S7 to S10 in the path 1 when the S6 and S7 are disconnected according to the present invention. Fig. 8 'is a schematic diagram of the signals si to S6 detected by the adjustable tunable filter of path 2 of the present invention. [Comparison of component numbers] Central control room 1 2x2 optical coupler 1 1 optical fiber amplifier 1 2 1x2 optical switch 1 4 microcomputer controller 1 6 network node 2 2x2 optical switch 3 fiber optic mirror 1 1 optical polarization control element 112 can Tuning filter 13 ^ Photodetector 1 5 1x2 Optical switch 2 1 Fiber Bragg grating 4 12