TWI234942B - An adaptive air interface waveform - Google Patents

Abstract

In one embodiment, a method for generating an adaptive air interface waveform includes generating a waveform that includes a variable carrier frequency and variable bandwidth signal. The variable bandwidth signal includes one or more subcarriers that are dynamically placeable over a range of frequencies, and each subcarrier is separately modulated according to a direct sequence (DS) spread spectrum (S3) technique. The waveform has an embedded pilot usable to optimize one or more spectrum efficiencies of the waveform. A modulation constellation, a code rate, and a code length of the generated waveform are adapted according to an available spectrum and one or more sub-carrier conditions.

Description

1234942 发明 Description of the invention: [Inventor's technical collar weaving] Field of the invention The present invention relates to wireless communication, and particularly to the waveform of the adaptive air interface 5. L Jttr Ji BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Currently wireless communication systems cannot properly adjust the dynamic changes of the electromagnetic spectrum. As a result, the quality of service provided by the wireless communication system is quite low. As the demand for Ancient 10 bandwidth services increases, this problem may worsen. Previous attempts to improve the ability of wireless communication systems to adjust the dynamic changes in the electromagnetic spectrum have focused on the adjustment of a subset of the dimensions available at a particular point in time. The data rate and processing gain are modified to adapt to specific waveforms (such as spread spectrum modulated signals) to special communication link conditions. A variety of error correction coding techniques with 15 different parameters each are used to specify specific frequencies. Frequency adaptation technology used to be in the high frequency (HF) range. Material adaptation technology is also used in communication systems such as wireless local area networks (WLANs), where an open frequency is selected after relatively slow positioning of the open frequency. Cellular mobile communication systems typically operate on a specified channel frequency. 20 Slow designation can use frequency division multidirectional proximity (FDMA) technology. Adaptive modulation techniques have also been studied, but adaptive modulation techniques are more or less limited to changing one or more parameters in a particular modulation architecture. The use of global spectrum can change considerably, often requiring complex spectrum assignments. As the commercial wireless market grows as a result of the reconfiguration of bandwidth, an even more complex 1234942 frequency band private assignment process will be needed in the future. In current wireless communication systems, one or more frequencies are assigned to a communication and sensor system (such as a radar system) in a unified manner, and the communication and sensor system is associated with one or more other communication and sensor systems. There is no frequency overlap between the two. The communication and sensor system is separated from the sensor system and the sensor system by a large amount of space to prevent adverse interference. [Item h Description] Summary of the invention A specific embodiment of the present invention can reduce or eliminate the disadvantages and problems traditionally associated with wireless communication. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a method for generating an adaptive air interface waveform includes generating a waveform including a variable carrier frequency and a variable frequency wide signal. The variable frequency wide signal includes one or more subcarriers. The subcarriers can be dynamically placed in a fixed frequency range. Each subcarrier is modulated separately according to the direct = 15 sequence (DS) spread spectrum (SS) technique. The waveform has an embedded pilot carrier number, which can be used to optimize one or more of the spectral efficiencies of the waveform. The modulation signal line diagram, code rate and code length of the waveform can be adjusted according to the available frequency spectrum and one or more subcarrier conditions. Variable data rate, variable Specific embodiments of the invention provide—or multiple advantages. In a specific and 20-body embodiment, the dynamic adjustment of a number of parameters can be made to the wireless communication system:-or a number of ships. Specific adjustments, adjustments, power adjustments, variable bandwidth modulation, coding, and space adaptation. ’This waveform can be adjusted to suit the environment by using multiple dimensions of the 1234942 signal space of a waveform that can be provided by a particular embodiment. In the specific embodiment, for example, the signal space includes frequency, time, power, modulation, code, and space fields. A specific embodiment provides a waveform and a mechanism for selecting one or more waveform parameters, and changing the waveform to meet one or more communication networks, one or more communication links, or one or more user needs. Specific specific embodiments provide intelligent selection of multiple dimensions of the adaptation space. These dimensions include frequency, modulation architecture and related parameters, coding architecture and related parameters, and data rate. Certain embodiments may provide a waveform that has been optimized for one or more link conditions. In the specific embodiment 10, the modulation architecture can form a variety of signal line diagrams, and can adapt to the transmission time in space. In a specific embodiment, the modulation system uses a multi-carrier coded multi-directional proximity (MC-CDMA) architecture according to which one or more individual carriers are adapted to one or more links according to the adaptation of the respective carriers Independent modulation and coding. In a specific embodiment, adapting a communication link to more or less must cooperate with the related requirements caused by data rate and frequency changes over time. In a specific embodiment, one or more frequencies may be blocked or emphasized (effectively providing power control for each frequency), so discontinuous frequency sub-bands may be used. In a specific embodiment, a special modulation and coding architecture is selected for a specific sub-band. In a specific embodiment, the non-uniform waveform may shape 20 or more wireless communication resources (for example, one or more frequency bands). In a specific embodiment, the frequency, modulation type and related parameters, encoding type and related parameters, time, space, power, bandwidth, and processing are analyzed to provide channel conditions that are relatively quickly adapted to time changes. A specific embodiment provides adaptive waveforms 1234942 for multiple wireless applications, such as selecting multiple applications that adapt to the spatial dimension, and application applications that estimate channel characteristics. In a specific embodiment, the t rate is controlled by the frequency of the waveform. In a specific embodiment, a non-continuous frequency sub-band is generated. In particular embodiments, preferred channel organizations are identified and selected. In a specific embodiment, the preferred modulation and coding technology is selected based on one or more related requirements such as data rate and service quality. In a specific embodiment, the spectrum is aware of a non-uniform waveform, and the waveform is dynamically adapted to use a frequency, space, and time defined in the frequency spectrum. 1 = hole, which can allow a common frequency spectrum to be shared. In a specific embodiment, the simultaneous adaptation of a plurality of waveform parameters will more or less guarantee communication, and at the same time, it can suppress adverse interference with each other. A specific embodiment provides a dynamic spectrum assignment technology, which can improve the spectrum utilization factor by a factor of 20. Certain embodiments provide adaptive multi-carrier reorganization using one or more appropriately available frequencies for fast response. Specific embodiments provide a signal design that includes a pilot carrier signal for real-time carrier channel estimation, more or less optimized waveform parameters, and fast signal acquisition for burst transmission. Certain specific embodiments provide one or more adaptive bandwidth effective code modulation architectures. For multiple subcarriers, they have more or less ability to simultaneously multi-dimensionally change. Specific embodiments provide rapid response capabilities, the use of rapid release channels, and dynamic re-assembly to multi-directional proximity technology. Specific embodiments provide a single adaptive waveform that can be used in multiple applications such as Wlan and cellular mobile network applications. Certain specific embodiments provide a useful air interface that can operate in non-uniform network operations, and can operate at data rates of about 100 Mbps to 1 Mbps. The network environment includes a honeycomb macro view environment, a micro-micro honeycomb environment, and a WLAN environment. The network environment includes one or more flexible architectures such as a honeycomb architecture, a centralized architecture, a special-purpose architecture, and a hybrid architecture. Certain embodiments support services and applications with relatively fast data transfer rates. Certain embodiments may operate automatically between gaps (or holes) in the spectrum. Holes include multiple dimensions, including time, frequency, and space. Brief Description of the Drawings For a more complete understanding of the present invention and its features and advantages, the present invention will be explained with reference to the following description with reference to the following 10 drawings. In the drawings: FIG. A block diagram of a non-uniform waveform function; Figure 2 is an explanatory diagram of a non-uniform waveform of frequency mobility suitable for filling the time-frequency spectrum gap; 15 Figure 3 is to adapt multiple variables to optimize spectrum efficiency Explanation of non-uniform waveforms; Figure 4 is a multi-carrier organization, signaling and multi-band bandwidth effective coding and modulation to optimize channel estimation data; Figure 5 is a non-uniform waveform according to the present invention The 20 representative diagrams of frequency / time / encoding; and Fig. 6 is a block diagram illustration of a multi-level configuration in which the LDPC-based encoding modulation architecture assists the rapid adaptation of code parameters.

[Embodiment; detailed description of J preferred embodiment 1234942 The present invention is a non-uniform sentence waveform that dynamically adapts to frequency, time, modulation 'password, data rate, power, signaling, and multi-carrier organization. The waveform can effectively, opportunistically and cooperatively use the spectrum, thereby improving the spectral efficiency. This waveform is based on the time / frequency / spatial "holes" and the most effective coding, modulation, signaling, and subcarrier organization that are compatible with the five applications and non-interfering communication, and the channel conditions and use that change over time. Conditions interact. The non-uniform waveform of the present invention can be further divided into two major components as follows: • Adaptive multi-carrier organization and signaling, which will be assembled into one or more sub-carriers based on a variable carrier frequency and a variable frequency wide signal, and its dynamic settings In the span of 10 to 25MHz, to prevent or reduce interference with the emission of the original spectrum user. Each sub-carrier is separately modulated by direct sequence spread spectrum (DS ss) to obtain independent modulation for variable spread spectrum and coding gain of cooperative signals, non-cooperative signals and threat signals. The time / code combination pilot signal is intended to be waveform-internally optimized based on the subcarrier channel estimate. The waveform supports a wide range of adaptive / hybrid multi-directional proximity architectures, including combinations of CDMA, TDMA, FDMA and FHMA. • Adaptive Multi-Order Bandwidth Effective Coding and Modulation (BECM), which provides a family BECM architecture that combines both multi-signal line modulation and front-end error correction coding. The low-density parity check code (LDPC) coded modulation family can be used to improve the bandwidth efficiency and adaptability of the current industry situation. Modulate the signal line diagram, code rate and code length adjustment to match the available spectrum and subcarrier conditions to obtain the maximum spectrum efficiency, while meeting the quality of service (QoS) and data rate requirements. Total spectral efficiency is determined based on a combination of frequency, space and time efficiency 1234942 of spectrum use. Since these factors have a close interaction with each other, improving the efficiency of one zone will reduce the efficiency of the other zone. • Reduce spectrum usage per call / link-improve modulation efficiency (bits / second / hertz) 5-improve error correction coding efficiency-compress source information-use adaptability (ie hybrid) with "soft" capability limits Multidirectional proximity technology (when FDMA / CDMA is possible, use

mc_cdma) 10 • Increase the bandwidth and reuse the space-improve the modulation power efficiency (minimum Eb / NQ to achieve sufficient BER)-use fast adaptation in power control-reduce the mobility of interference by waveform design-more interference-friendly emission "Waveform 15"-Broadband signal information

-Increase the directional sharing of the bandwidth • Increase the time sharing of the bandwidth-Coordinated time usage of the spectrum (eg, coordinate time usage of the spectrum through multi-directional proximity technology) 20-Grasp the time when the holes become available "holes" in the spectrum Uses (such as fast signal acquisition, burst-by-burst adjustment) There are multiple strategies in these strategies that conflict with each other, that is, increasing the modulation efficiency will cause a reduction in power efficiency. Accurate access to the overall spectrum utilization efficiency requires complex interactions between frequency / time / space reuse of the electromagnetic spectrum. 12 1234942 Referring to Figure 1, a non-uniform shape waveform function is shown. Its dynamic "deformation" fills unused spectrum "holes" and dynamically improves spectrum availability. The overall waveform adaptability can be considered as a hierarchical combination that determines the "internal" 5 and "external" functions, features, and parameter sets of the final transmitted waveform. The "external" collection provides definitions of frequency and time opportunities along with other environmental characteristics. The “internal” set defines how the modified waveform “reacts” within its bandwidth span. 俾 Implement these strategies to optimize waveform parameters to achieve maximum spectral efficiency that meets local channel conditions, avoids cross-interference, and LPI / LPD requirements.

10 The waveform of the present invention is a multi-carrier direct sequence spread spectrum (MC-DS SS), multiple rate, and signal line diagram compound bandwidth waveform. It can be organized in time, frequency, power, modulation type, rate, coding, and multiple carriers. And proximity methods quickly adapt. The adaptive interface allows multiple proximity and control technologies to adapt to networks with the same frequency allocation bands and physical space, as well as adapt to time-varying 15 channel conditions, threats, and user needs. The waveform uses the packet as a reference. The available short time period (millisecond time), when the network becomes active, releases the channel to other networks, and obtains other channels based on the predicted availability. Channel mobility can be achieved in several ways. The center frequency and radio frequency bandwidth of the first waveform change as the channel usage time changes to occupy 20 channels of different frequencies. Shown in Figure 2, this is a representative diagram of the frequency utilization of the four frequency channels as a function of time. The original user area indicates the transmission from the original non-XG user; the blank spectrum area indicates the r-hole in time_frequency spectrum use ". Use the first available "gap" on frequency channel F1 to consider the xG transmission shown. At point A, the waveform verifies the flexibility of the macroscopic frequency. Before the waveform is deformed again to the channel F2 13 1234942, the waveform “deforms” the center frequency and the bandwidth span to shorten the occupied two-frequency channels F1 and F2. At point B, non-XG and XG transmissions occupy frequency channel F2. Non-XG transmissions only occupy part of the frequency channel F2. Within the full bandwidth span of the XG emission, the waveform organizes its subcarriers and occupies some full-span subsets. For example, the bandwidth occupied by this waveform will be less than or equal to the full bandwidth span. This micro-frequency mobility is used to avoid the frequency channel being occupied by non-XG signals. Reactive power, or power within the acceptable SIR value of non-XG signals, is transmitted on these unused subcarriers to prevent interference with other transmissions. This combination of macroscopic and micro-frequency mobility maximizes the efficiency of the XG spectrum. The combination obtains a gap of 10 frequencies / span / time available and releases the required spectrum for communication and sensors (such as lasers). ) And other functions. Refer to Figure 3, which shows the 2-D waveform on the left and 3-D waveform on the right. The legend in the center of the figure emphasizes non-spread spectrum based on Qam modulation, blank spectrum, excluded spectrum, and DS_SS modulation area. Excluding the spectrum indicates that the time-frequency hole combination used in the waveform cannot be used, just like the spectrum provided by XG wireless by external control functions. The waveform diagram verifies the micro-frequency mobility, and the tissue signal can prevent the dynamic “distortion” of the excluded section, and obtain a 3-D (frequency, time, power) changing shape. Note that the excluded section is shown as obscured in 3_D rendering, "and no power was transmitted during these time_frequency combinations. For its 20 subcarriers, the waveform diagram uses a combination of QAM-based modulation and the following. Single carrier and multiple waves are directly spread in time and stored in different frequency subcarriers. There is time on a designated subcarrier. Change modulation. The bandwidth efficient coding and BECM architecture and subcarrier organization are also continuously adjusted to maximize the overall spectrum utilization efficiency. Based on the requirements of signal optimization and data rate, the xG8 1234942 shape can choose to leave the time-frequency hole available for the right trunk blank. The waveform structure is divided into two major functional components, as explained later. • Adaptive multi-carrier organization and signaling · Group channels with a bandwidth of up to 25mHz into one or more variable-width subcarriers, which are independent by DS-SS Modulate 俾 to obtain a variable coding gain. The waveform can support multiple multi-directional proximity technologies including CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, FHMA, CSMA / CA and RTS / CTS. Multiple users receive services at varying data rates at the same time with multiple subcarriers contained in bandwidth spans up to 25 MHz.

10 • Adaptive Multi-Order Bandwidth Efficient Coding and Modulation (BECM) provides a family of BECM architectures, combining multiple signal line graph adjustments optimized for subcarrier conditions and multi-stage front-pass error correction coding. The baseline design uses a lower density parity check code (LDPC) (currently the preferred user in BECM research) as the basis for the coding modulation technique. 15 Requires multidimensional adaptation, using frequency / space / time gaps to achieve improvements in spectral efficiency. Non-uniform waveforms are adjusted simultaneously across multiple different dimensions, as summarized in Table 1. The carrier frequency, bandwidth span, and occupied bandwidth are changed to obtain XG transmission. This is the macroscopic frequency mobility required to "jump" from one channel to another. Adaptive multi-carrier organization and signaling capabilities structure up to 250 MHz and 20 wide spans into one or more variable-width subcarriers, which support micro-frequency mobility and avoid transmissions within the waveform bandwidth. The resulting occupied bandwidth will be determined based on the combination of user data rate requirements, subcarrier conditions, and the processing capabilities of the XG platform. Adaptive Multi-Order Bandwidth Efficient Coding and Modulation (BECM) uses the XG channel 1234942 estimate enabled by the pilot symbol element embedded in the waveform. Ten's and four's select miscellaneous positive codes and watch money waveforms to optimize the ability to cross each subcarrier. In addition to the power control architecture used to minimize multi-directional near-order interference, the waveform has burst-to-burst “quick adaptation” power control capabilities, which can quickly release the use of individual profiles or the entire occupied bandwidth, such as external The control signal responds to the time / frequency / space non-XG signal indication. Table 1 Adaptation of non-uniform plastic maintenance machine

Subcarrier Bandwidth Effective Coding and Modulation (BECM) Motivation Macroscopic Frequency Mobility Macroscopic Frequency Mobility —----- Micro Frequency Mobility Subchannel Optimized Data Rate Discussion Allows Use of Frequency / Space / Time Gap " Use different frequencies / spaces / times across the full operating frequency band to avoid interference and congestion ------- XG capacity matching channel conditions power efficiency fast fetch band release channel estimation fast adaptation power control fast acquisition / pilot carrier signal sign reduction Interference with other users to promote space reuse Miscellaneous words / time / 10 Refer to Figure 4 for a waveform adaptation function residing in XG wireless. Adaptive multi-carrier organization and signaling sector define preamble symbol and Pilot carrier h number symbol 'refers to the position and capacity of the subcarrier, applying any required PN spread spectrum, time diversification and channelization to user data. Adaptive multi-level bandwidth effective coding and modulation sector coding and mapping process The encoded data is assigned to the assigned subcarrier by 15. Then the signal is subjected to adaptive power control, resulting in a completely non-signal up to 250 MHz The bandwidth of the homogeneous waveform. The channel estimation of the received 16 1234942 data is performed in the following way, by using the two-way pilot carrier signal symbol embedded in each transmission waveform to estimate a wide change between each pair of XG nodes Subcarrier characteristics. The decoded preamble signal contains channel estimation information from the other end of the link. Channel estimation data is sent to each adaptive 5 block to optimize subcarrier capacity. In this way, channel estimation drives multiple carriers The adaptability of organization and transmission, and the adaptability of multi-level bandwidth efficient coding and modulation. The design of the pilot carrier signal symbol for channel estimation is discussed later. The multi-carrier structure of non-uniform waveforms allows space processing technology to be independent and across different Sub-band. This waveform is not only compatible with current and future spatial processing, but also compares the technology that can be solved for full bandwidth, and will improve the performance. This technology includes beam and invalid shaping And a space / path diversification processing system, enhancing the leverage of interference suppression, and improving what can be achieved across multiple technology zones Material rate emission gain, which can improve the spectral efficiency. 15 Refer to Figure 5 to display multiple 3-D frequency / time / power waveform representations. The time and frequency mapping of the waveform is allowed on the xy plane from the left. User profile fK Multiple variable frequency wide sub-band mappings. Multiple sub-carriers can be aggregated and shaped, and variable-width sub-bands within the two-radius axis width. The implementation based on FFT is used in \ w 'time. Each sub-carrier is frequency and time Function 2 ° = The rate level can be adjusted to any decimal value to prevent other variants in overlapping environments. At the same time, it supports multiple sub-carriers with multiple spread widths and modulations. The display waveform supports multiple through CDMA. User J's representative picture. In the picture, one vice-department is designated by the user-user. 17 1234942 Red is used to designate a single shorter p N spread spectrum stone horse to speed up the data rate. Carrier, multiple variable rate users access the channel in PN counties of different lengths. In this way, it is displayed as "CDMA Mode" in the said Guan, the user Ca, Cb, and Cc code power combination to form a concentration of 5 concentration. In addition, the user concentrates his data and uses the flat-based modulation ^ to occupy the entire vice Carrier. The waveform graph also supports the blending mode, where user data is encoded into different formats, as shown in the lower left corner of Figure 5. Consider non-XG emissions occupying the upper and lower bands. Based on the channel estimates provided by the waveform, the emissions shown are now mapped to Section 10. Part 1 spreads user data across the full bandwidth to reduce power. Spectral density is lower than that harmful to non-XG emissions. Part 2 focuses the remaining data on unoccupied bandwidth. Across the wide bandwidth #, a number of frequencies contact the powerful channel gain, and the frequencies of the frequency and frequency experience deep channel attenuation. A single carrier and ss can resist 15-band narrow-band interference and time-varying frequency selective attenuation caused by multiple paths of wireless channels. For the case of a single carrier, when the carrier bandwidth exceeds the coherent bandwidth (Bc) of the channel, multiple search receiver “fingers” are required to analyze the individual multipath components and capture the achievable diversified gains. The number of components that can be resolved and the number of search receivers required are the ratio of the carrier wave bandwidth to the coherence bandwidth. Another approach is to divide the total bandwidth B into N narrower bandwidth subcarriers (b = B / N), each roughly equal to the coherence bandwidth (b% Bc). Using multiple carriers, multiple multiple independent carriers in the frequency domain are combined to replace the multiple search fingers of a single carrier in the time domain, which can maintain the frequency diversity of the original wide bandwidth. In this type of waveform design, the frequency of 1234942 diversified gains can compromise the data rate. The compromise is to transmit the specified data symbols across multiple subcarriers (that is, frequency spreading), and combine experimental statistics from these subcarriers. A final decision is then made on the information. When each subcarrier is modulated with data that is not related to other subcarriers, the total transmission rate is maximized, and each symbol is transmitted without frequency diversification. The performance of a single carrier DS SS with a search receiver has been shown to be similar to that of an appropriately designed MC-DSSS waveform. When the available bandwidth (and data rate) is much larger than the coherent bandwidth, 'when a larger number of search fingers are needed, the receiver complexity increases significantly. 10 instead of N (= B / BC) refers to a single carrier DS SS processes bandwidth B signals individually. MC-DS SS waveforms require N fingers (one finger for each subcarrier), and each finger processes a signal with a bandwidth b (= B / N), resulting in a lower complexity. receiver. The reason is that the duration of the chip on the subcarrier is M times longer than that of a single carrier system, reducing the number of operations required to successfully demodulate the signal. 15 Multi-carrier implementation is more effective when more than three to four search fingers are required. The practical advantages of multi-carrier modulation are even more apparent in the presence of narrow-band jammers, because multi-carrier systems do not require continuous bandwidth. For the application of XG system, multiple carriers are superimposed on the original narrowband signal set, leaving only appropriate gaps at multiple subcarrier positions. The adaptive "rerouting" of the subcarrier position 20 can be achieved to avoid the interferometer ', and there is no power loss compared to continuous subcarriers with equal total occupied bandwidth. A single carrier signal must implement an adaptive recess filter, which can achieve a correlation between the depth of the recess and the complexity of the bandwidth of the recess. The advantage of MC-DS SS waveform flexibility is to use different data rates on some 19 1234942 or all subcarriers, and send more data to the "strong" wave, while transmitting less data to the "weak" subcarrier. Investing in this flexibility is determined by how accurately the system can estimate the attenuation state of different subcarriers. The pilot carrier signal is used to perform such channel estimation, and the accurate estimation of the attenuation capability is determined based on a number of system parameters, including parameters such as snr, signal / interference ratio (SIR), Doppler spread spectrum and fronthaul error correction. 10 15 20 The waveform of the present invention combines the channel estimation capability to guide the adjustment and adaptation of multi-carrier organization and transmission, the effective bandwidth coding and modulation based on receiving Wei, and optimization of spectrum utilization efficiency. The channel estimation is based on the mixed CDMA / TDMA first V carrier # number, which is composed of the spreading code to be placed in the data before the burst signal synchronization signal. The adaptability of these pilot carrier signal symbols is equivalent to H and f. Using pilot carrier signals allows dependency demodulation and improves power efficiency. The pilot carrier signal spreads the frequency and reduces the frequency measurement and delay. The anti-jamming resistance is provided by the following methods to ensure that the pilot carrier signal spreads at least as much as the data, so the jammer cannot easily concentrate on the pilot carrier signal and destroy the waveform. Using a pilot carrier signal also provides a “snapshot” of the subcarrier attenuation, which can be used to estimate the coherence bandwidth of the channel. This estimate is used as a basis for adjusting the width and position of the subcarriers subject to the availability of frequency 4 gaps. Like the field coherence, k is driven by channel coherence bandwidth, and the rate of attenuation change is also driven by channel coherence time. The coherence time provides a measure of the effective time of the channel estimate and is inversely proportional to the Doppler shift. For example, a vehicle moving at a speed of 50 miles per hour and communicating at a frequency of 2.5 GHz has a Doppler shift of 186 Hz, indicating that the channel estimate and subsequent adjustment of multiple random variables 20 1234942 must be updated every 5.4 milliseconds. When a channel estimate cannot be obtained, or the channel estimate time has exceeded the channel's coherence time, data must be sent at the same rate on each subcarrier. Use MC signals as the basis for multi-carrier organization and signaling, and get a broad design compromise to maximize spectral efficiency. Multiple combinations of different waveform parameters provide equivalent user payload data rates. The multi-variable adjustment and adaptation effects include the following: • Changing the bandwidth span and occupied bandwidth allows the waveform to match the available bandwidth. A wider bandwidth provides a larger amount of raw capacity, and can obtain diversification, Lu 10 encoding, spread-spectrum gain, and so on. The narrower bandwidth provides a structure that allows waveform operation when using a small amount of spectrum. • Variable number of subcarriers: By changing the number of subcarriers, the available bandwidth can be organized to prevent narrow-band interference / interference from the selected subcarriers. If only one kind of subcarrier is used, the waveform is “deformed” into a single carrier waveform (for example, Ds 15 SS, conventional qpsk, etc.). • Variable subcarrier organization: Map user data to a combination of different subcarriers, allowing different types of system gain to be added to the signal to counteract attenuation and interference. Spread spectrum gain and frequency diversification gain can be applied across adjacent subcarriers, and variable interference averages can be achieved across non-continuous chirped waves by mapping data. 20 • Variable subcarrier data rate: Each subcarrier rate can be optimized by monitoring the status of each subcarrier and using higher order modulations that are allowed by channel conditions. I. Variable frequency diversification: By transmitting multiple bits in parallel with different subcarriers (even heavy carrier load sharing), the data rate can be exchanged for frequency diversification. 21 1234942 As any DSSS system is particularly sensitive to near and far problems, the system design needs-or multiple means to mitigate the problem. The commercial honeycomb CDMA solution for power control of specified wireless systems and base stations requires centralized control of all transmitters. Alternatives to improve the waveform of near-far interference 5 include the following methods: • XG can “distorte” the frequency / space / time of the signal, providing some of the specific resistance to near-far interference. Multi-carrier organization and transmission and adaptive strategies for efficient coding and bandwidth, considering the effects of near-distance and multi-direction proximity interference (MAI). 10 • In order to acquire and release spectrum opportunities, data is organized into variable-length packets. In this way, it is of course possible to obtain the user's multi-process capability based on the packet arrival time. In this way, TDMA can be used to designate mobile networks with waveform support. • The subcarrier slits can be arranged to support FHMA with near-orthogonal frequency exchange (fh) pattern, so the near and far signals are typically at any instant in time. According to different subcarriers. • Configure itself as a sub-network within a cluster of users within a given network to improve standard power control efficiency. • When LPI is not required, receiver-based single-user mai suppression technology can be used, designed to minimize mean square error. This type of receiver is very suitable for the designated network, because the receiver does not need to know the parameters of any user of the system in advance. However, a short spreading sequence is used (that is, the sequence time is equal to one data symbol time). • When spatial processing is available, the spatial processing provides additional near and far resistance with proper beam shaping. It is particularly expected that sub-band beamforming can provide a large number of near and far interference suppression effects compared to 22 1234942. The non-uniform sentence waveforms described here allow the solution of near and far problems to be obtained through a combination of several techniques such as adaptive frequency and / or time configuration, frequency switching, power control, or spatial array. This waveform will be compatible with tdma, 5 TSMA, FDMA, CDMA, FHMA and other commonly used complementary control technologies (such as CSMA / CA and RTS / CTS). In order to integrate into a patchwork solution, if there is a required waveform, the multidirectional proximity architecture of the basic wireless system is used, or the multidirectional proximity architecture is adjusted when adjustment is allowed. A hybrid multi-directional proximity architecture can be used. This architecture dynamically matches the multi-directional proximity format to local spectrum utilization 10 characteristics, resulting in a further increase in spectrum utilization. It is well known that error correction codes can provide a significant increase in power efficiency at the expense of a small (or none) reduction in bandwidth efficiency at the expense of increased complexity. The baseline error correction coding and modulation design is based on a family of adaptive low-density parity check coding (LDPC) modulation codes. This design is very suitable for use in systems. 15 LDPG code is a linear binary block code, and its parity_check moment has

Low-density 1 (that is, the matrix Η is mostly composed of 0). These characteristics allow the code to have an improved weighting range and a simple close to optimal decoding deduction rule. The decoding deduction rule is iterative, which is quite similar to the 袼 -shaped turbo decoding deduction rule, but the LDPC deduction rule is based on one picture iteration, rather than iterating between two cells. Note 20 The two lattices can then be configured as a graph for TTCM, but the graph is far more complex than the LDPC graph. The LDPC modulation family can adjust and adapt more quickly by the following techniques. • Uses a multi-level encoding structure, which is a natural architecture of multi-rate encoding. • By using cyclic LDPC codes and pseudo-cyclic LDPC codes, through simple 23 1234942 single-shift-register circuit, a simple element encoder is implemented to implement the non-function of the invention The average sentence shape waveform will combine a certain range of code lengths and code rates to optimize performance based on spectrum availability and sub-clipping channel conditions ^. 5 # According to FIG. 6 ′, the binary LDPC code is arranged into a multi-level configuration, but the LDPC code is composed of N components and a mapper (modulator). By the method ^ By changing the code rate of the component code and / or the size of the signal of the mapper, the bandwidth efficiency (and bandwidth) can be widely changed. This multi-stage configuration provides performance close to capacity. It usually matches the size of the signal line graph. For a 2N 10th power signal line graph, there will be N encoders. The encoder of the ring LDpc code can be composed of a well-known shift register circuit for encoding a BCH code. The nominal codeword length is n and the nominal data word length is k. Obtaining the nominal code rate = k / n 'These parameters are easy to modify. Low-latency adjustments require a range of code lengths. The 15 ^ LDPC code family serves as the basis for efficient bandwidth coding and difficulty, and obtains a broad compromise to maximize spectral efficiency. Multiple combinations of modulation signal line diagram and code rate will provide equal user payload data rate, and code length will also affect error performance. The adjustment effects on multiple variables include the following: • Modulation signal line diagram: Changing the modulation signal can allow the original data rate 20 to be compromised with power efficiency. The small modulation signal line diagram allows operation at a lower receiving power level, and the health coverage covers range 15. The larger view signal (up to 64 QAM) provides 1¾: large original capacity, which can then be replaced with coding gain to match the subcarrier channel conditions. • Code rate · Change the code rate to provide additional freedom in terms of code strength matching the local channel strip 24 1234942 pieces. The low-rate code assists the spreading code margin, and the high-rate code will pass a modest code gain while maximizing the user data rate. • Code length: Variable code length is required to effectively map user data to a wide range of subcarrier capacity. When the long “interval” of the spectrum is available for use, the long code will be used to operate close to the capacity limit. Short codes will be used to meet low-latency requirements, provide fast adjustment adaptation, and allow waveforms to achieve short / small spectral gaps. • Multi-level coding: The use of multi-level coding can simplify the coding and decoding architecture. Through the "pre-filling" of multiple user data blocks, adaptive 10 coding strategies can be naturally supported, so once channel estimation data can be used to guide code selection, it Launch immediately. The combination of the wideband MC-DS SS waveform structure (which can dynamically change the carrier frequency, bandwidth, and subcarrier organization and signaling) and effective bandwidth coding and modulation is used to form non-uniform waveforms. The waveform architecture is structured, and innovation exceeds the current state of the industry in wireless communication and information theory research. The invention expands its boundaries. The invention fills the available "holes" in the frequency spectrum through adjustment, and uses the simultaneous multiple random variables to adjust the waveform parameters to optimize the user data rate of the available side carrier. Although the present invention has been exemplified in the drawings and the foregoing description, it must be understood that the present invention is by no means limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, but instead can make multiple rearrangements and modifications to components and components without departing from the essence of the present invention . [Schematic description] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a non-uniform waveform function in a next-generation (XG) application according to the present invention; 25 1234942 Figure 2 is a frequency mobility suitable for filling time-frequency spectral gaps Explanation of non-uniform waveforms; Figure 3 is an illustration of non-uniform waveforms that are optimized for multiple variables to optimize spectral efficiency; Figure 5 is a multi-carrier organization that optimizes channel estimation data. Signaling and multi-level bandwidth efficient coding and modulation; Figure 5 is a representative diagram of the frequency / time / coding of a non-uniform waveform according to the present invention; and Figure 6 is an LDPC-based coding modulation architecture to assist Block diagram description of multi-level configuration with code parameters fast and 10-speed adaptation. [Representative symbol table for main elements of the diagram] (None) 26

Claims (1)

Scope of patent application: Application No. 92109587 for revision of patent application scope 93.10.19. 1. A system for generating an adaptive air interface waveform, the system includes: 5 an adaptive multiple wave organization and signalling element, It is operable to generate a waveform with multiple carrier organization, which includes a variable carrier frequency and a variable bandwidth signal, which contains one or more subcarriers, which can be dynamically set in a certain frequency range. Sequential (DS) spread spectrum (SS) modulation technology separates modulation. The waveform has an embedded pilot carrier signal, which can be used to optimize the spectral efficiency of one or more waveforms; and an adaptive multi-order bandwidth The effective coding and modulation (BECM) element receives the waveforms from the adaptive multi-carrier organization and the signaling element. The bECM element is operable to adjust the adaptive generation based on the available frequency spectrum and one or more subcarrier changing conditions. Waveform modulation signal line diagram, code rate and 15 yard length to provide the waveform as an adaptive air interface waveform. 2. If the system of item 1 of the patent scope is applied, the waveform is a “uniform” state waveform, which can be operated in terms of frequency, time, modulation, code, data rate, power, signaling, and multiple carrier organization. Or multiple adjustments for dynamic adjustment. 203. As stated in the system of item 1 of the patent range, wherein the frequency range spans about 250 million hertz. 4. The system of item 1 of the Shengu patent scope, wherein the waveform is operable to use one or more unused holes defined by one or more of frequency, space, and time in the frequency spectrum. 27 5. If the system of item 1 of the patent application scope, the waveform supports multiple multi-directional proximity (MA) modulation techniques. 6. If the system of item 5 of the patent application is applied, the multiple multi-directional proximity MA technology includes: 5 one or more carrier division multi-directional proximity (CDMA) modulation technology; one or more time-division multi-directional proximity (TDMA) modulation Technology; One or more frequency division multi-directional proximity (FDMA) modulation techniques; One or more frequency exchange multi-directional proximity (FHMA) modulation techniques. 7. For the system under the scope of patent application No. 5, in which at least one of the multidirectional proximity modulation 10 technologies is a hybrid multidirectional proximity modulation technology combining two or more different traditional modulation technologies. 8. The system of item 1 in the scope of patent application, wherein the adaptive multi-level bandwidth effective coding and modulation (BECM) uses low-density parity-check (LDPC) code modulation technology to adjust the modulation signal of the waveform. Line diagram, the code rate and 15 code lengths. 9. If the system of item 1 of the scope of patent application, the adaptive multi-level bandwidth effective coding and engine (BECM) can be operated to reduce the available spectrum and-or multiple sub-carrier conditions, but also according to one or A number of quality of service (QoS) requirements and one or more data rate requirements are adjusted to adapt the modulated k-line diagram of the waveform 20, the code rate, and the code length to 10, such as the system of the first scope of the patent application, i The waveform has macroscopic frequency mobility and microscopic frequency mobility. 11.-A method for generating an adaptive air interface waveform, the method comprising: 28 generating-a waveform with multiple carrier organization, which includes a variable carrier frequency and a variable bandwidth signal, which includes one or more subcarriers, It can be dynamically set in a certain frequency range. Each subcarrier is modulated separately according to the direct spread spectrum (SS) modulation technology. The waveform has an embedded pilot carrier 5 signal, which can be used to optimize one or more waveforms. Spectrum efficiency; and / or adjust the modulation signal line diagram, the code rate, and the code length to the waveform as an adaptive air interface based on the available spectrum and one or more varying subcarrier conditions . 12. As for the method in the “Scope of Patent Application”, it has 10 non-uniform waveforms, which can be operated in terms of frequency, time, modulation, code, data rate, power, signaling, and multi-carrier organization, etc. Multiple adjustments and adaptations are made. 13. The method of the patent scope item 丨 丨, where the frequency range spans about 250 million Hz. 15 14. The method of the patent scope item 11, where the waveform can be The operation uses one or more unused holes defined by one or more of frequency, space, and time in the frequency spectrum. 15. The method referred to in the scope of the patent application, wherein the waveform supports multiple multidirectional proximity (MA) Modulation technology. 20 16. The method according to item 15 of the patent application range, wherein the multiple multidirectional proximity MA technologies include: one or more carrier division multidirectional proximity (CDMA) modulation technologies; one or more time division multidirectional proximity ( TDMA) modulation technology; One or more frequency division multi-directional proximity (FDMA) modulation technology; 29 One or more frequency exchange multi-directional proximity (FHMA) modulation technology. 17. The method of item 15 of the patent application, wherein Multidirectional At least one of the proximity modulation technologies is a hybrid multi-directional proximity modulation technology that combines two or more different traditional modulation technologies. 5 18. The method of item 11 in the scope of patent application, which uses low-density parity inspection (LDPC) code module modulation technology is used to adjust the modulation signal line diagram, the code rate, and the code length to the waveform. 19. The method of item 11 in the scope of patent application, except that it is based on the available spectrum In addition to the one or more subcarrier changing conditions, the modulation signal line diagram, the code are also adjusted according to one or more quality of service (QoS) requirements and one or more data rate requirements for 10 signal transmissions. Rate and the length of the code. 20. The method according to item 11 of the scope of patent application, wherein the waveform has macroscopic and microscopic frequency mobility. 15 21. A computer storing software useful for generating adaptive air interface waveforms. A readable medium that, when executed by the software, is operable to perform the following actions: Generate a waveform with a multiple carrier organization that includes a variable carrier Frequency and variable frequency wide signals, which include one or more subcarriers, which can be dynamically set in a certain frequency range. Each subcarrier is modulated separately according to direct sequence (DS) spread spectrum (SS) modulation technology. The waveform has An embedded pilot carrier signal, which can be used to optimize the spectral efficiency of one or more waveforms; and adjust the modulation signal line diagram and code to adapt to the waveform according to the available frequency spectrum and one or more subcarrier changing conditions Rate and code length, to provide this waveform as an adaptive air interface waveform. 22. Computer-readable media such as the 21st in the scope of patent application, where the waveform is a non-uniform waveform, which can be operated And dynamically adjust and adapt to one or more of five items such as frequency, time, modulation, code, data rate, power, signaling and multi-carrier organization. 23. The computer-readable medium according to item 21 of the patent application range, wherein the frequency range spans about 250 million hertz. 24. For example, the computer-readable medium of the scope of patent application No. 21, wherein the waveform is operable to use one or more unused holes defined in the frequency spectrum by one or more than one of frequency, space, and time. 25. For example, the computer-readable media in the scope of the patent application No. 21, wherein the waveform supports a variety of multi-directional proximity (MA) modulation technology. 26. For example, the computer-readable media of the scope of application for patent No. 25, wherein the multiple multidirectional proximity MA technology includes: 15 one or more carrier division multidirectional proximity (CDMA) modulation technologies; one or more time-division multidirectional proximity ( TDMA) modulation technology; one or more frequency division multidirectional proximity (FDMA) modulation technology; one or more frequency exchange multidirectional proximity (FHMA) modulation technology. 27. For the computer-readable media of item 25 of the patent application, at least one of the 20 multidirectional proximity modulation technologies is a hybrid multidirectional proximity modulation technology of two or more different traditional modulation technologies. 28. For example, a computer-readable medium according to item 21 of the patent application, wherein the low-density parity check (LDPC) code modulation technology is used to adjust the modulation signal line diagram, the code rate, and the code length to suit the waveform. 31 29. If the computer-readable medium of item 21 of the patent application scope, in addition to the available spectrum and one or more subcarrier conditions, it also transmits one or more quality of service (Q0s) requirements for the number ^ and One or more data rate requirements adjust the modulation signal line diagram, the code 5 rate, and the code length of the generated waveform. 30. For example, the computer-readable media of item 21 of the scope of patent application, in which the waveform has a large frequency maneuverability and a micro frequency maneuverability. 31. A system for generating an adaptive air interface waveform, the system comprising: 10 a device for generating a waveform, which generates a waveform with multiple carrier organization ', the waveform includes a variable carrier frequency and a variable bandwidth signal, It contains one or more subcarriers, which can be dynamically set in a certain frequency range. Each subcarrier is modulated separately according to the direct sequence (DS) spread spectrum (SS) modulation technology. The waveform has an embedded pilot carrier signal. It can be used to optimize the spectral efficiency of one or more waveforms; and a device for receiving a waveform that receives the wave from the device that generates the waveform based on the available frequency spectrum and one or more carrier variation conditions ;, And to adjust the modulation signal line diagram, code rate and code length of the generated waveform to provide the waveform as an adaptive air interface waveform. 32