TWI233992B - Method for determining battery state-of-health - Google Patents

Abstract

A system and method for accurate and in real time determination of factors relating to the state of health of a storage battery. The system measures the values of battery temperature (5), voltage (4) and current (3) flow into and out of the battery. This data is multiplexed (20) into a computer and the battery's internal resistance (IR), polarization resistance (PR), state of charge (SOC) and its cold cranking amp (CCA) capability are computed and displayed (6). The presence of shorted and mismatched cells also can be determined and displayed. The state of health of the battery is related to these displayed measured values and calculated factors which are made known to the user of the battery.

Description

1233992 V. Description of the invention (i) Technology in t The present invention is related to a method and hand, right, ②〆i, spear, and death. The system is combined with a Wanfa battery to use g 々 、、 目 彳 # ^ 乂 ― Then, the state or current status of the same factor will be determined in a real-time manner. The quality status of the battery is displayed for use: tJ month's background note is for loading and loading on a car such as a steam fish, a car, a ship, etc., or for a task ; ^ 古 * Eight official services have a significant relationship with facilities, such as the battery in the UPS system, usually must always know ^ the good or bad state of the battery (SOH), in order to ensure that the battery For power supply: Reliability of air system operation. The various factors of the shadow #battery state (sqh) include: its load processing energy, state of charge (soc), and low temperature starting limit. At present, the materials used in the industry can show the battery's good or bad state (face). The method of various factors is to perform the necessary test in a laboratory or a repair shop without installing the battery on a vehicle or other system. Tests to determine the state of charge of nuclear batteries and other factors. This method is very time consuming: therefore, in order to save time, only the battery voltage is measured before the battery is installed. However, voltage measurement alone does not show the reliability of the operation of the vehicle or system in which the battery is installed. It must be determined that the battery has sunk in various operations. It has a positive battery charge state (soc) and its Load processing energy. In addition, these technologies cannot determine the various influencing factors related to the state of the battery when the battery is loaded on the carrier or in the system. Therefore, a method and system must be designed to monitor the battery when installed in a vehicle or system in a simple and reliable manner and with the principle of real-time display. The paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297). Mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Install nin ϋ 1: OJ · n I 1 I n I ϋ 1 Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs # 1233392 V. Description of the invention (2) Affects the battery ’s good or bad state under various operating conditions Represents the battery ’s good or bad state is more reliable and more “H” for this need # m 文 百 思 我 足 资料. At the same time, it is also necessary to be able to sue the women and the system (the operator shows the instant status of these factors with the most convenient and uncanny heads.) Summary of the Invention 2 Inventions provide-a kind of Provides methods and systems related to the correct determination of the battery ’s good and bad status. The system includes the present invention (the circuit, the most ideal way is to install the circuit on the battery or install it as a part of the battery as a whole). However, it can also be installed on a remote location or another location in the vehicle. According to the principle of the present invention, the battery temperature, battery voltage, and the amount of current flowing in and out of the battery are measured by adding a load to the battery. Then measure it on the% cell. According to the measured data, the system can calculate the internal resistance (IR) of the battery and the polarization resistance (pR) of the battery. Using the measured voltage 値, current 値, and temperature 値, And calculated parameters such as claws and pR. This circuit calculates the number of other factors, such as battery capacity, state of charge (SOC), and low-temperature operating amps (CCAs), etc. These are related to the condition of the battery. The relevant factors can be displayed directly on the battery or at a remote location. With this information, the battery can be turned into a "smart" battery, and the user can be informed of the actual performance status of its use. That is, use After people know the information, they can immediately determine whether the battery can meet the needs of the intended use or need to be replaced under operating conditions. Objects of the invention One of the objectives of the invention is to provide a system and method for measuring and calculating It also shows that the battery is related to the bad state of the battery in all states of use. -5 This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

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V. Explanation of various functional factors of (3). Another object of the present invention is to provide a system and method integrated with a battery, to determine calculations, and to display the real-time way when the pool is operating in the system in which it is installed, and its good and bad state (SOH) A variety of factors. Another object of the present invention is to provide a system and method for monitoring and displaying in real-time a variety of influencing factors related to the function of a battery when it is under load. Brief description of the drawings With the following drawings and detailed description, you can have a more complete understanding of the present invention: Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery monitoring system designed according to the principles of the present invention. A schematic diagram of the system function of a specific example designed by the principle of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The utility of the present invention is more significant for rechargeable batteries. The detailed description of the present invention uses a lead-acid battery as an example, but it can also be applied to other types of rechargeable batteries, such as nickel-cadmium batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and the like. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (please read the notes on the back before filling in this card). As shown in Figure 1, there is a battery 1, an electronic circuit module 2, a current sensor 3, and a voltage. A sensor 4, a temperature sensor 5, and a display 6. The schematic diagram of the battery 1 is a lead-acid battery, which has a casing and positive and negative connectors. The battery can be installed on a vehicle, and the cables attached to the positive and negative connectors can be used to connect to the vehicle's electrical system to provide the power required by various devices, such as: starter motors, lighting systems, air conditioners, and meters-6 · This paper size applies to the Household Standards (CNS) of 84 Miscellaneous (21〇; 7297 mm) " ------ 1233992 Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of Invention (4) System Wait. Such batteries can also be installed in emergency mission systems, such as the Uninterruptible Power System (UPS). “Electronic circuit 2” in the figure may be an analog circuit, but the most ideal one is to include (as explained below) a digital electronic microprocessor 30 and the required input and output components. Therefore, the electronic circuit 2 includes (see Fig. 2), a microprocessor 30 and a computer input interface in the form of a multiplexer 20, and an analog-to-digital converter (A / D) 22. From each sensor 3, 4 and 5, the measured voltage ′ current and temperature 値 are passed through the multiplexer 20 in the order after multiplexing— 訑 add soil ▲ A / D conversion Zai 2 2. The digitalized measurement data after processing were applied to the microprocessor 30. The microprocessor 30 is a pass-through microprocessor, which includes: a commonly used mathematical compilation in the single < used part for performing various calculations; a random access memory (RAM) 24 for storing data from Various data inputs of the multiplexer 20; a read-only memory (R0M) 26, which contains an application program; a central processing unit CPU 27 (monitoring circuit); and an input / output unit 28 for dxom, such as If necessary, you can add-peripherals ^ processor. The ROM can use EPR0M (Erasable Equation Read-Only Memory) or a similar device to change the stored application program. The above devices are generally known devices. The microprocessor 30 can use the digitized numbers of the measured temperature, voltage, and electrical parameters according to the program settings to calculate various battery parameters such as IR and polarization resistance (PR), and according to these different batteries Factors determine the SOC and CCA of the battery. The electronic circuit 2 can be mounted on a battery (as shown in the figure) or at a remote location. Various specifications of battery 1 such as its rated capacity (Amps / hour) are applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 mm) on this paper scale (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page ) • equipment

丨 丨 丨 丨 Order · 11 !! * ^^^ III — II 1233992 A7 V. The description of the invention (5) and the nominal voltage are determined when the battery is manufactured, and stored in the ROM part of the microprocessor 30 . These numbers can be used to perform various calculations. The current sensor assembly 3 measures the current flowing through the battery when the battery is under load (i.e., during charging and discharging). The current sensor can be manufactured in various ways as described below. Each technique can produce an analog output that is applied to the A / D converter 22 via a multiplexer 20 and converted into digital data. The way in which the current sensor should be made depends on its use and the results of considering various factors (such as cost). One technique is to use a Hall current sensor installed near the battery connector to get the amount of battery current. This method is easy, but usually it is high. It is better to use a resistive element to sense the battery current when the voltage drops, which saves money. Use a current shunt resistor element and both ends of the resistor to measure (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page). The Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs's Consumer Cooperatives printed clothing and electrical wiring. In case the correct battery of the battery needs and protects the aforementioned shunting structure of the battery, other manufacturing steps are added and no large or external flow is allowed. Lithium ion is connected in series with some unit resistors in the disconnection cell. The addition of the above interruption that has been calibrated and does not conflict with the voltage change is a preferable method, that is, any terminal of a disconnected cell. (Either positive or negative terminal) The voltage of the string can display the chemical reaction current switch that flows into or out of the electron and nickel metal hydride to prevent overcharging or overdischarging. When you must operate within a specific range, use the method Most ideal. Because in any circuit, the current switch must be connected in series with the battery's low-ohmic resistor to the battery. Lead-acid batteries usually can tolerate high power conditions, so in general, the battery's internal current switches. For any lead-acid battery, this paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm)

-I ί ϋ ϋ iai nnn 一 OJ mildew MM MW II Threat 1233992 A7 V. Description of the invention (6) The function of these interrupt switches is added to the battery itself, and is attached to the battery charger instead of ( Read the notes on the back and then fill out this page.) Connect two charging cables in series: below, you can connect the above-mentioned shunt resistor flu detection device (or square. Go) to one cable. Each-a different kind of electricity is not shown), and ^ = / requires a ^ ratio circuit and a filter circuit (the voltage in the figure is then converted to a comparable voltage). The electricity is converted to digital (A / D). The device 22 is converted into digital data and provided for the use of the microprocessor 30. The voltage sensing module 4, a Thai pressure sensor m ', is used to measure the battery pack f (open circuit voltage-0 CV) when the battery 1 is not loaded. And the voltage at both ends when there is a load. The battery terminal voltage of a large-mouth meter is sent to the multiplexer 2 0, ', worked, k-pulse (not shown in the figure) and the a / d conversion after multiplexing.器 22. You can also use a digital voltmeter instead of the A / D conversion process mentioned above. ^ S% voltmeter can also be used to measure the voltage between the ends of the shunt resistor (to measure its current). The battery terminal voltage 値 is used to determine the battery's S0C in the following manner. The change in the battery terminal voltage 被 is calculated by the microprocessor 30 in conjunction with the measured f current change 値 to calculate the battery internal resistance 値 (IR). For details, please refer to the following description. The temperature sensor 5 in the map printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs can be used. Well-known semiconductor components in the industry or commonly referred to; ^ I horse state RTDs (resistive temperature devices). These components can be installed in the battery. · This type of sensing device has been incorporated into the gas meter chip in the battery Basically, the sensor can generate a voltage change across the sensor after measuring a temperature change. The output voltage is sent to the A / D conversion after being multiplexed by the multiplexer 20. Zhai 22 2 'and then directly display the temperature number after processing by the microprocessor 3 0 and / or used to calculate the relevant factors of a battery. 9- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) Meal) 1233992 A7 V. Description of the invention (7) No component 6 'can use any LCD, LED or other traditional display driven by the microprocessor 30 and any necessary amplifier. Display Apricot 6 can be displayed Output signals of various measuring numbers, such as: voltage 値, current 値 ^ ° 値. It can also display calculated and related to the battery quality (Sqh), such as meter, sigh, coffee, like (cold swing hours) ) And the charge capacity '. Various The number that can be calculated and calculated can be automatically displayed according to the principle of timing display. The display of the number of children can also be displayed according to the principle of the situation display-the battery's life, such as private pressure,! R or changes and so on. These figures are also recommended for use. T 7F in Figure 1 can be installed directly on the battery, such as $ 7 ^ on the battery can also be installed in any distance away from the battery Position. You can also install "6" and "6" at the electronic circuit 2 or any distance from the battery. The function of the circuit is to continue to provide the microprocessor with the battery for various uses: Condition: such as Parameters such as temperature, current and voltage of the battery measured under open circuit (no load), charging, discharging and other conditions. The measured factors can be displayed by the display 6. The microprocessor 30 uses these measured factors to derive different calculation numbers 用以, which are used to identify p kinds of Q numbers related to the battery term. These factors can also be displayed. The various battery factors calculated by the microprocessor 30 are described below. When the shirt is related to several factors of the battery S0H, the internal resistance of the battery is a necessary decisive reference data. As is known, the maximum instantaneous power that a battery can output is inversely proportional to the internal resistance of the battery. At the same time, if the battery is too high, it means that the battery has been thinned in this paper. China National Fresh (CNS) A4 € 7 ^ 0: --I --- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Ministry of Intellectual Property Bureau -10- 1233992 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (there is a sulfur phenomenon, that is, sound reading today + 4 where $ 丨 μ battery is probably in the process of quality decay. If you find this early The fossilization phenomenon can still restore the good quality of the battery. The battery's IR is low, which is similar to "Ganshi ^ ρ Table 7 ^ Its no power condition is good, this is the S 〇 Η of the watch battery is very good. Dry If you want to determine the IR of a battery, you can pass the output signal of the electronic circuit 2 through the battery and analyze the battery output signal. The signal may be a series of voltage pulses to determine the DC resistance 値 ir of the battery. The battery ir The straight resistance 値 is used to calculate various other factors of the battery. The function of the microprocessor 30 is to control the generation of sampling pulses and perform calculations. For example, to determine the direct current number 电池 of the battery IR. Low frequency (e.g. 1.0 仟 Hertz ) The vibrator provides _ pulse signals of a known voltage 使, so that the battery responds to the changes in these pulse signals by extracting the current output of the battery 其 with a predetermined control method. Then, this is accurate The measured current 値 is used in conjunction with the measured voltage change of the battery terminal 値 to calculate the internal resistance 该 of the battery. This calculation is performed by the microprocessor 30. If the battery uses a built-in oscillator, When the battery has a low load or no self-loading (for example, stored on a shelf), measuring the battery is straight. The method of using the DC pulse to measure the internal resistance of the battery is described in US Patent Nos. 4,937,528 and 5,049,803 Note: | ， The two patents & were transferred from the original inventor to the assignee of the present invention, and the content characteristics of the disclosure are included in this specification as a reference basis. The IR of the battery can also be measured by other methods, Such as using the change in battery voltage to find a known change in current. For example: you can apply a known high current pulse without electricity, or use the generated discharge pulse, according to the -11-this paper rule Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297) (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) -Installation-I Mmmm9 ϋ n XI, I n ϋ el -ϋ ^ 1-1 · Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Cooperative, π 1233992 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (9) The amount of current of the current pulse and the measured voltage change of the battery terminal voltage in response to the current pulse. The IR of the battery, that is: (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) = dV (the number of voltage changes 値) (1) dl (the amount of pulse current change) polarization resistance 値 (PR) • battery polarization The resistance is caused by the inconsistency between the electrolyte concentration in the battery electrode (plate) and the large amount of electrolyte concentration between the battery plates. The polarization resistance of the battery also affects the power output of the battery. The polarization resistance 値 of the battery is: PR = IR (DC) -IR (AC) (2) where IR (AC) is the internal resistance 电池 of the battery measured according to the parameters of AC. For example: Circuit 2 generates a sine wave voltage of an appropriate frequency and applies it to the electricity to measure the resulting current. The microprocessor calculates the IR (AC) number. The resistance difference 値 between the IR (AC) and the DC internal resistance 电池 of the battery is the polarization resistance PR (PR). This calculation is also performed by the microprocessor. PR 値 indicates the SOH coefficient of the battery, which is the electrolyte level. If P R 値 exceeds a predetermined value, the microprocessor can be designed by a computer program to cause the display to show the battery's electrolyte deficiency. Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Cooperatives. Capacity • Battery capacity is expressed in amps / hour. This is the amount of current the battery can send in a certain period of time. The capacity of a battery depends on its manufacturing structure, such as the number of electrodes, its small shape, and how it is connected. Each battery has its own set of factors. The battery capacity 値 is set in the microprocessor. If necessary, it can also be shown on the display. State of Charge (SOC) · SOC is usually expressed as a percentage between the actual battery capacity and the battery's rated capacity. That is, any battery can be charged from 0% (full discharge state) to 100% of rated capacity (fully charged -12- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 mm) 1233992 A7 V. Description of Invention (10) Electricity). The computer uses the following formula to calculate the battery capacity: SOC — 100 — (12 · 7 ~~ 0CV) X 1 〇 ％ 10 1.2 (3) OCV printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs represents that the battery is under no load Output life pressure in the state (open circuit state). The theoretical basis of the above calculation formula (3) can be found in US Patent No. 4,937,528 = and US Patent No. 5,049,803, both of which have been given to the same assignee of the present invention. ^ Another method for calculating the SOC 'is that the microprocessor 30 keeps the battery open for more than a specific period (for example, eight hours). And during this period, use the measured open circuit voltage (0 上述 and the above formula ⑴) to calculate the battery's state of charge (s0c). If you want to 'can display its SOC on the display. And the battery is fully charged Later, if the current sensor does not measure any discharge current within a certain period of time, when the voltage “#” will still drop to a specific voltage level, the circuit 2 means = pool ^ pool group early ' A short circuit has occurred. At this time, it is possible to programmatically control the 3G to perform the function of detecting a short circuit of the battery. First, the battery must be fully charged (soc two sides), and then the battery voltage must be measured. The timing cycle period is, for example, 60 seconds. Use this timing period = μ battery discharge current 値. At the end of the timing _, measure ^ cell voltage 値. If the battery voltage has dropped the voltage at the end of the timing period Level 'and no discharge% Xinsi has been measured during this timing period, it will show that the battery has a short circuit in the battery pack unit. • During the discharge period of the battery in use, if its battery% change curve appears Two Topped by '| mouth small "pool and piece goods S% over a period of no electricity, paper size scale ⑵ .; -13 297 mm table) (Please read the back of the precautions to fill out this page)

1233992

/, The voltage curve slope to the prime-θ 丄 element mismatch phenomenon. In the present invention == ’, it means that the battery pack has occurred · I I C Please read the precautions on the back and fill in this page) to discharge the load in the system. Normally, the road V battery is powered by the system in which it is installed. k㊉, the battery is charged by an alternator, and it is processed and prepared for 30 seconds. It also receives the measured battery voltage data from 4, and off. The mechanical processing state is based on the formula ^. Sigh. During the discharge period, the battery power is monitored. When the battery is added with a battery, the voltage drops to a peak according to normal conditions. At this time, the microprocessor can test whether the voltage of the battery has occurred twice, and the T u H display 6 can generate a battery-cell unit mismatch report. That is, the microprocessor performs this calculation during the period when it receives information from the current sensor that the battery has been loaded. Similarly, the microprocessor can also measure the battery < voltage during the battery charging period and calculate the slope of its voltage change curve:

The dV dt microprocessor compares the charging voltage change data it continues to measure. If it is determined that the charging voltage of the battery has reached the highest point, it will display a warning signal that the battery pack has mismatched. The microprocessor knows that the battery is charging by the information provided by the flu tester. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Yes, the system disclosed by the present invention, which is controlled by a microprocessor, can continue to measure the temperature of the battery on a regular or irregular basis. The battery is being charged. If the temperature of the battery exceeds a predetermined limit, the charging operation is automatically cut off, or an audible warning signal (such as a siren signal) is activated to warn the operator. This design helps eliminate the danger of rapid temperature rise. Check the current (CCA) • The acid battery of the car battery is cold running and safe -nn 1 n · -14- This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 public love) 1233992 Ministry of Economic Affairs wisdom Printed by A7 B7, Consumer Cooperative of the Property Bureau. V. Invention Description (12) means that a battery has not dropped from its rated value of 値 · 6 volts at full load: the battery voltage and the current amperage provided by the battery after 30 seconds of operation. In the case of less than 7 · 2 volts, the older ^ ^ of the power station, the battery used in the soil oxygen environment should have a strong and ask 爻 CCA 値. In a number of applications, such as: The car starts) ,, + Know! The circuit of the present invention can provide this function for the temples that change with the surrounding temperature. Yanjiu found 'Using the above-mentioned battery internal port obtained by DC charging and discharging pulses P resistance (IR) 'is inversely proportional to the CCA of the battery. That is, the lower the IR of the battery, the lower its CCA. The DC pulse current used to measure the battery may be the starting current in the car. &, or from the battery used 0 use The internal resistance of each CCA (different new battery) has been found to be described by the following formula: CCA = 950.2-1 8616.6 * IR ⑷ Various types of batteries for cars (mistakes) meet this formula. Standard. But industrial batteries usually do not use CCA to indicate their characteristics. In the smart battery disclosed in the present invention, its circuit can measure the voltage that changes with the change of load current, and the microprocessor uses this voltage to calculate the battery And then use formula (4) to calculate CCA 値. Because electronic circuit 2 is directly connected to the battery, the battery life can be determined as a function of the battery IR change trend, and the battery capacity change can be determined. The condition is displayed on the display 6 to provide the user with a basis for judging the quality of the battery. CCA can also adopt an important parameter for industrial batteries. In this case 15-China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 Public Love Γ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

1233992 A7 B7 13 V. Description of the invention (/ Brother 'can derive a similar formula and different coefficients to confirm the relationship between CCA and internal resistance 値 of these industrial batteries. IUA body / notifier_ • battery Various parameters, such as: its rated capacity 'application or its modification, can be input into the read-only memory of the microprocessor 30 using a serial communication link. Other existing communication channels can also be used. Gas devices, such as: SMBus, RS232, or communication protocol as the communication medium. = The system can use a single-chip or a number of commercial chips mixed components to run I ° at the same time 'if only less The battery quality judgment parameter data can also be used to form the system of the present invention with fewer components than the above-mentioned various components. For example, when a temperature sensor is not required to be installed in the smart battery according to a specific application purpose, No temperature sensor is used. Similarly, if you only need to install a -charging condition sensor in the order, you can dispense with the current sensor. In this type of φ, 7Λ soc data. By the pond The road voltage is provided to provide other specific details without departing from the spirit of the present invention or the emperor: "Under the principle of interest, you can also set up the Consumer Consumers Agency of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs to print the various specific examples mentioned above. Some feasible methods drawn up based on the principles of administration: Blood february: 贳-The present invention is based on specific optional examples. Although the financial description is but the inventor, etc ...: Second, to explain the content of the present invention, … Similar to the specific example of the present invention, the form of energy can be used as a familiar term. Those skilled in the art should understand that, in accordance with the principle of non-biased scope, they can apply the special and design details of Carry out various repairs: each = conventional structure can use a variety of equivalent papers to apply the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 · (21 〇χ -16 1233992 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention () 14 The methods, devices and technologies achieve the same results. By the same token, any of the foregoing processing steps can be interchanged with other similar steps to achieve the same results. The original patent application scope of the present invention is hereby provided as follows. Reference. (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) «Packing · 1T ~ Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs This paper is printed in accordance with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 size (210 X 297 mm) )

Claims (1)

123! Yuan 3). Patent No. 822 filed as / Chinese application for a replacement patent scope (July 1993, 厶 β. ~~ ί Patent scope 1. A method for monitoring and displaying to a vehicle user about the quality of ~ 铓Method, the battery is based on the vehicle: the battery includes the following steps: Θ method value measures the battery voltage and current utilization of the battery under load and no load conditions and calculates the battery current and current data. Rain resistance value and polarization resistance value; and battery voltage and current values obtained from private and used materials, and calculated < battery internal resistance value and polarization resistance value, determine various relevant factors of the battery, including: battery State of charge, cold running amps, with or without battery pack unit short circuit and battery pack unit mismatch, characterized in that when the battery supplies current to the vehicle, the method is performed in real time and continuously, including continuous measurement of battery voltage and Current; the step of judging a typical battery pack unit mismatch includes the following: • 〇) When the battery is discharging, monitor the battery voltage and detect the% Whether the voltage reaches two flat values; (b) Measure the battery voltage during charging and make continuous judgments on the slope d V / dt. If the slope reaches the highest point, a battery unit mismatch phenomenon is detected ; And the step of judging the cold operating current amperage (CCA) includes applying the following formula to calculate the battery internal resistance value CCA = 950.2-18616.6 * IR where the unit of CCA is ampere and the unit of ir is microohm. 2. For the method of applying for the first item of the patent scope, the steps of calculating the internal resistance value of the battery include: The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) Binding 8 8 8 8 AB c D 1233992 6. The scope of patent application for calculating its DC internal resistance value and its AC internal resistance value, and calculating the battery polarization resistance value include the following steps: Subtract from the DC internal resistance value calculated above. -2- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm)