1232627 玖、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係、為-冑馬達/發電機一體式之雙向交/直流 轉換電路，尤指一種配合程式控制功率電晶體導通路徑， 達到轉矩可控、加速、起動、定電流充電、定電壓充電及 脈衝充電等功能之雙向交/直流轉換的—體式電路以應 用於傳統内燃機動力載具、電動載具及混合式電動載具。〜 【先前技術】 目别市面上習用之内燃機動力載具的起動系統及充電 系、、先刀另]由起動馬達及發電機組成。但由於起動馬達及 發電機為分開作動，而需各別的硬體控制電路，如此，會 造成載具有著成本高及系統複雜、體積大及重量大等缺點 。因此，較理想狀況則是能夠將馬達及發電機予以結合， 則此有效簡化系統，並降低系統的體積、重量，進而達到 降低成本之效益。 由於將馬達及發電機整合為一體式架構，則其配合電 路則需具有雙向功率傳輸之功能，而另外設計一雙向交/ 直流轉換電路。如此，亦可改進目前習用起動電路及充電 電路為獨立之硬體電路，造成體積及重量無法有效降低的 缺”、4此外’習用之充電電路為定電廢的方式，不但充電 時間長，且電瓶溫度容易上升，無法達成雙向充電或脈衝 充電等快速充之功能。 【發明内容】 本發明的主要目的係提供一種應用於一體式馬達/發 1232627 該功率元件電路單元（1 2 )係由功率元件及電容構成， 並供一直流電瓶（2 0 )連接’以提供電樞電流的路徑， 並调郎電流之大小’該電容恭在起動、加速、定電流充電 .· 及定電壓充電時使用。而數位控制邏輯單元（1 的中 央控單元則是用以控制改變功率元件電路單元（1 2 )的 功率電晶體導通路徑，進而控制電流流經電樞之大小及方 向，如第二圖及第三圖所示，分別為各線圈反電動勢、激 磁電流及充電電流的波形圖。由於電樞電流的大小及方向 為可控，藉此可達到控制轉矩使馬達加速、起動，發電機 f 可做定電流充電，定電壓充電及脈衝充電等功能。 再請參閱第四圖所示，係為本發明的功率元件電路單 元的一較佳實施例，係應用於三相交流馬達載具的驅動電 路（1 0 )，其包含有： 三組電晶體對（Q1/Q2) (Q3/Q4) (Q5/Q6)，各組電 晶體對係由兩個串聯電晶體組成，又，各電晶體對的兩端 刀別連接至直流電瓶（2 〇 )的正、負極，而各電晶體對 (Q1/Q2) ( Q3/Q4) ( Q5/Q6)的串聯節點則連接至對應的_ ^圈的一端，而三線圈的另一端則連接至該數位控制邏輯 單元（1 1 );其中各功率電晶體可為MOS、IGBT或BJT 電晶體； 六飛輪二極體（D1〜D6)，係各別逆向連接於各電晶體 (Q1〜Q6)上；及 -儲存電容（C)，係設於直流電瓶（2 〇 )的正、 負端子之間。 6 1232627 為方便S兒明本發明的電路動作，係以兩組電晶體對（ Q1/Q2) (Q3/Q4)進行說明，請參閱第五圖所示： 由於電晶體對（Q1/Q2) (Q3/Q4) (Q5/Q6)的串聯節 點與馬達Μ内的二相線圈連接’故藉由控制各電晶體對（ Q1/Q2) (Q3/Q4) (Q5/Q6)的導通與否，令其中特定線圈 通入驅動電流。如欲驅動馬達使其加速或起動，可使馬達 線圈（係以一電感La及電阻Ra的等效電路表示之）激磁 ，即，可控制其中兩組電晶體對（Q1/Q2 ) ( Q3/Q4 )的各 一電晶體（Q1/Q4)導通，使其與直流電瓶（2 〇 )構成放 電k路即放電激磁電流（IR)會由直流電瓶（2 〇 ) 依序流經電晶體（Q"及線圈等效電路。由於放電電流流 經線圈等效電路時’因為等效電路的電感元件（La)會儲 存電旎（Eab)，故如第六圖所示電晶體（Q1 )與二極體（ D3)可構成迴路，可使電流維持連續’達到調節電流之功 吞月丹參閱第七圖所示，為上述的功率元件電路單元 施例的另-種充、放迴路的構成方式，具有達到定電产 電、定電壓充電之功能。即（仍以兩電晶體對（Q糊 調4) t兒明之），當發電機在—定轉速内輸出電壓時， 制其中-電晶體（Q”導通’以與直流電瓶（2 〇 )構 即直流電瓶（20)的充電電流（Ir)會經 V I、曰曰體（Q1 )、另一電晶體對之電晶體（Q4 )之 ;輪二極體（D4)。請再配合第八圖所示，係可控制邀 電迴路中導通電晶體（⑻連接的另—電晶體（Q4) = 1232627 為此，本發明符合發明專利的產業上利用性、新賴性 及進步性料料件，^法具文提μ請。 、 【圖式簡單說明】 (一）圖式部分 第一圖：係本發明電路之系統架構圖。 第圖係、本發明於驅動馬達時之反電動勢與激磁電 流之示意圖。 弟圖係本务明於發電機充電時之反電動勢與充電 電流之示意圖。 第四圖係本發明於之功率元件與電瓶之結線示意圖 〇 第五圖：係本發明部份驅動電路與直流電瓶構成放電 迴路的示意圖。 第六圖：係本發明部份驅動電路構成續流，調節放電 迴路的示意圖。 第七圖：係本發明部份驅動電路與直流電瓶構成充電 迴路的示意圖。 第八圖··係本發明部份驅動電路構成蓄流，調節充電 迴路的示意圖。 第九圖：係本發明直流電瓶對應第七圖充電電流波形 ’及電壓波形。 第十圖：係本發明於脈衝充電下之電樞電流波形。 第十一圖：係本發明於脈衝充電下之等效電路圖。 第十二圖：係本發明於脈衝充電下之電瓶充電電流波 1232627 形。 (二）元件代表符號 (1〇)雙向交/直流轉換電路 (1 1 )數位控制邏輯單元 (12)功率元件電路單元 (2 0 )直流電瓶1232627 发明 Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention is a bi-directional motor / generator integrated two-way AC / DC conversion circuit, especially a program that controls the conduction path of the power transistor with a program to achieve torque. Control, acceleration, start, constant current charging, constant voltage charging and pulse charging and other functions of bidirectional AC / DC conversion-body circuit to be used in traditional internal combustion engine power vehicles, electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. ~ [Prior art] The starting system and charging system of the internal combustion engine power vehicle used in the market are composed of a starter motor and a generator. However, because the starter motor and the generator are operated separately, each requires a separate hardware control circuit. In this way, it will have the disadvantages of high cost, complicated system, large size, and heavy weight. Therefore, a more ideal situation is to be able to combine the motor and the generator. This effectively simplifies the system and reduces the volume and weight of the system, thereby achieving the benefit of reducing costs. Because the motor and generator are integrated into an integrated structure, the matching circuit needs to have a bidirectional power transmission function, and a bidirectional AC / DC conversion circuit is also designed. In this way, it is also possible to improve the current conventional starting circuit and charging circuit as independent hardware circuits, resulting in the lack of effective reduction in volume and weight. "4 In addition, the" conventional charging circuit is a method of constant power waste, not only long charging time, but also The battery temperature easily rises and cannot achieve fast charging functions such as two-way charging or pulse charging. [Abstract] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide an integrated motor / generator 1232627. The power element circuit unit (1 2) is powered by power Components and capacitors, and connected for DC battery (20) to provide the path of the armature current and adjust the size of the Lang current. This capacitor is used for starting, accelerating, charging with constant current ... and charging with constant voltage. The central control unit of the digital control logic unit (1) is used to control and change the conduction path of the power transistor of the power element circuit unit (12), and then control the size and direction of the current flowing through the armature, as shown in the second figure and The third figure shows the waveforms of the back electromotive force, exciting current and charging current of each coil. In order to be controllable, the control torque can be used to accelerate and start the motor. The generator f can perform functions such as constant current charging, constant voltage charging, and pulse charging. Please refer to the fourth figure for the power of the present invention. A preferred embodiment of the component circuit unit is a driving circuit (1 0) for a three-phase AC motor carrier, which includes: three sets of transistor pairs (Q1 / Q2) (Q3 / Q4) (Q5 / Q6 ), Each group of transistor pairs is composed of two series transistors, and the two ends of each transistor pair are connected to the positive and negative poles of a DC battery (20), and each transistor pair (Q1 / Q2) The series node of (Q3 / Q4) (Q5 / Q6) is connected to one end of the corresponding _ ^ circle, and the other end of the three coils is connected to the digital control logic unit (1 1); each power transistor can be MOS, IGBT or BJT transistors; six flywheel diodes (D1 ~ D6), which are connected in reverse to each transistor (Q1 ~ Q6); and-storage capacitor (C), which is installed in a DC battery (2 〇) between the positive and negative terminals. 6 1232627 To facilitate the operation of the circuit of the present invention, two sets of transistor pairs (Q1 / Q2) ( Q3 / Q4), please refer to the fifth figure: Because the series node of the transistor pair (Q1 / Q2) (Q3 / Q4) (Q5 / Q6) is connected to the two-phase coil in the motor M, Control the conduction of each transistor pair (Q1 / Q2) (Q3 / Q4) (Q5 / Q6), and make certain coils drive current. If you want to drive the motor to accelerate or start, you can make the motor coil (system Excited by an equivalent circuit of an inductor La and a resistor Ra, that is, one transistor (Q1 / Q4) of the two transistor pairs (Q1 / Q2) (Q3 / Q4) can be controlled to be turned on to make it Forming a discharge k circuit with the DC battery (20), that is, the discharge excitation current (IR) will flow through the transistor (Q ") and the coil equivalent circuit in sequence from the DC battery (20). Because the discharge current flows through the coil equivalent circuit, because the inductance element (La) of the equivalent circuit stores the electric voltage (Eab), the transistor (Q1) and the diode (D3) can be formed as shown in the sixth figure. The circuit can maintain the current continuously to achieve the work of regulating the current. See Figure 7 for another example of the charging and discharging circuit configuration method for the power element circuit unit embodiment described above. Function of constant voltage charging. That is (still using two transistor pairs (Q paste tone 4) t Ermingzhi), when the generator outputs a voltage at a fixed speed, the-transistor (Q "conducted" to connect with the DC battery (2 0) That is, the charging current (Ir) of the DC battery (20) will pass through VI, body (Q1), another transistor (Q4); wheel diode (D4). Please cooperate with the eighth figure As shown in the figure, it is possible to control the conducting crystal in the invitation circuit (the other connected transistor-Q4) = 1232627. For this reason, the present invention meets the industrial utility, novelty, and progressive materials of the invention patent. ^ The text is provided with a request. [Simplified description of the drawings] (a) The first part of the schematic part: the system architecture diagram of the circuit of the present invention. The diagram is the back electromotive force and exciting current of the present invention when driving a motor The diagram is a schematic diagram of the back electromotive force and charging current when the generator is charging. The fourth diagram is a schematic diagram of the connection between the power component and the battery of the present invention. The fifth diagram is a part of the drive circuit of the present invention. Schematic diagram of the discharge circuit with the DC battery. Schematic diagram of part of the driving circuit of the invention to form a freewheeling circuit to adjust the discharge circuit. Figure 7: Schematic diagram of the charging circuit of a part of the driving circuit of the invention and a DC battery to form a charging circuit. Schematic diagram for adjusting the charging circuit. Figure 9: The DC battery of the present invention corresponds to the charging current waveform and voltage waveform of the seventh chart. Figure 10: The armature current waveform of the invention under pulse charging. Figure 11: It is the equivalent circuit diagram of the present invention under pulse charging. The twelfth figure: The battery charging current wave of the present invention under pulse charging is 1232627. (II) Component representative symbol (10) Two-way AC / DC conversion circuit (1 1) Digital control logic unit (12) power element circuit unit (2 0) DC battery
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