1230565 玖、發明說明 (發明說明應敘明：發明所屬之技術領域、先前技術、内容、實施方式及圖式簡單說明）1230565 发明 Description of the invention (The description of the invention should state: the technical field to which the invention belongs, the prior art, the content, the embodiments, and a brief description of the drawings)
【發明所屬之技術領域：J 發明領域 本發明涉及電照明用的光度調校電路、設備和裝置， 5 亦即調光器。更具體地說，本發明尤其涉及用於小型螢光 燈管或省電燈泡的調光電路、設備和裝置。 t先> 前e I 發明背景 小型螢光燈燈管，亦稱省電燈泡或節能燈，由於具有 10 例如高能效和耐用等優點，現在已被廣泛地使用。 15 如衆所知，螢光燈在不同的運行情況的負載模式亦有 所不同。故此，螢光燈對於電源來說是可變的或非線性的 負荷。爲使螢光燈能在不同的運行情況下都能得到適當的 供應電流而不受當瞬間之運行模式所影響，主電源和螢光 燈之間通常都設置了一個鎮流器（安定器）。一般來說，鎮 流器必須在起動時提供高的電壓和電流以及在穩定工作狀 態時能夠將供至螢光燈的電流限制于適當水平。 在許多情況下，電照明的光度調節有一定的需求。長 久以來，由於螢光燈複雜的電路排列和拓樸結構，螢光燈 的光度調節一直以來都是比較困難處理的。典型的螢光燈 調光器通常通過將營光燈的電源電壓作周自性的斷流或削 波來達至。常用的斷流方法通常是藉參考交流電源輸入相 角通過截去交流電正弦曲線的_部分來實現的。這類調光 器通常稱爲“相位控制調光並可以是正相調光器或反相 20 1230565 玖、發明說明 ° 正相凋光器通常使用晶閘管作爲電子斷流裝置或 開關，例如石夕可控整流器（SCR)，或者更普遍使用的三端 雙向可控石夕開關元件。反相調光器則在交流⑽線路過零 之後立即允許Ac線路輸入的半周期部分通過並將下一個過 5零之前的半周期部分斷流或削波。這兩種類型的調光器都 是藉調節AC電源半周期的斷流部分或相角以控制調光。然 而，k類相位控制調光器的主要缺點是過零檢測爲運行的 先决條件。故此，在過零檢測比較困難的情況下，例如是 在f有電容鎮流器的螢光燈情況下，這種相位控制調光器 10的效果就不大理想了。 由於對螢光燈進行調光具有一定的技術困難，大多數 商業上提供的可調光螢光燈的調光器都與鎮流器結合，這 意味著難以對帶有結合了鎮流器的普通螢光燈作遠距離的 光度調校。故此，一般相信，利用遠距離調光，例如是利 15用安裝在牆上具有調光器的開關調光，是不可能的。因此 ,能夠提供一種可與螢光燈使用而又可分開裝置的簡單的 調光器或調光器電路將爲大衆所渴求。這些調光器或調光 器電路可以安裝在距小型螢光燈較遠的地方，使人們可以 在距燈較遠的位置對螢光燈的光度進行調光控制。同時， 20爲了使調光器能夠安裝與普通標準牆置式插座的預留位置 ，或者取替已經安裝的普通標準牆置式插座的開關，此類 调光器或電路系統最好足夠地簡單，以使調光器能夠被接 納於一般標準牆置式插座的有限空間。進一步地說，此類 螢光燈用的調光器最好是一種雙線調光器，使該調光器能 1230565 玖、發明說明 取代舊有裝置而無需額外線路。 【明内】 發明概要 本發明的第-方面提供一種調光設備，這種調光設備 5包括-個連接到交流電源的輸入端子、一個連接到負荷的 輸出端子和-個開關模式電源，所述開關模式電源包括一 個V有第-和第二開關端子的電子開關裝置、開關控制裝 置電感器裝置和電谷裝置，所述電感器裝置與所述開關 裝置的開關端子串聯，所述電容裝置與所述電感器裝置及 10開關裝置的串聯組合並聯，所述串聯連接包括所述開關設 備#所述電感器裝置，其中所述電子開關裝置的開關頻率 可通過所述開關控制裝置是可以進行控制及變化。 本發明的第二方面提供一種可與小型螢光燈使用的雙 端調光裝置，調光裝置帶有一個開關模式電源，該開關模 15式電源包括整流裝置、電子開關裝置、一個電感器元件、 個電谷元件和一個開關控制裝置，所述整流裝置通過所 述電感器元件連接到所述開關裝置，所述電容元件通常與 所述電感器元件和所述開關裝置的串聯連接並聯，所述開 關控制裝置向所述開關裝置提供開關信號，所述開關信號 20的頻率大體上高於輸入交流電源的頻率。 本發明的第三方面，提供一種調光裝置，該調光裝置 包括一個用來連接到交流電源的輸入端子、一個用來連接 到負荷的輸出端子和一個開關模式電源的排列，所述開關 模式電源包括一個帶有第一和第二開關端子的電子開關裝 1230565 玖、發明說明 置、開關控制裳置、_個電感器和一個電容器，所述電子 開關裝置的所述第一和第二開關端子、所述電感器和電容 為排列在一個電路環路中，其中所述電子開關裝置的開關 頻率可以通過所述開關控制裝置進行控制及變化。 5 較佳地’本案在所述開關模式電源的輸出端和所述調 光裝置的輸出端子之間連接一個電感器。 較佳地’本案所述電子開關裝置的開關頻率大體上高 於所述交流電源的頻率。 較佳地’本案之開關控制裝置包括發出脈衝寬度調變 1〇 (PWM)開關信號的微控制器或微處理器。 較佳地’本案所述開關裝置的所述開關頻率在1〜 50kHz之間。 較佳地’本案所述電子開關裝置可以是雙極型電晶體 、金屬氧化物半導體場效應電晶體（M〇SFET)或絕緣栅雙極 15 電晶體（IGBT)。 較佳地’本案所述電感器裝置包括一個電感器，所述 電容裝置包括一個電容器。 較佳地’本案還包括整流裝置來爲所述開關裝置提供 整流電源。 2〇 較佳地，本案在上述裝置的輸出端連接一個額外的電 感器元件。 較佳地，本案所述開關裝置和所述電感器裝置的串聯 連接還和一個整流裝置串聯，所述電容裝置並聯到由所述 開關裝置、電感器裝置和整流裝置所組成的串聯連接。 1230565 玖、發明說明 較佳地，本案所述開關信號包括一個信號脈衝列，該 信號脈衝列帶有相當於“打開，，或“關閉，，開關狀態的位準， 且能夠逐漸地改變“打開，，和“關閉，，脈衝的相對持續時間。 較佳地，本案所述開關裝置和所述電感器裝置的率聯 5連接還和-個整流裝置串聯，所述電容裝置並聯到由所述 開關裝置、電感器裝置和整流裝置所組成的串聯連接。 較佳地，本案之調光裝置的一個端子用於連接到仏電 源另個、子用於連接到小型螢光燈的電子鎮流器。 根據本發明的第三方面，提供一種包括上述調光裝置 10 和小型螢光燈的照明系統。 較佳地，本案所述調光裝置的位置與所述小型螢光燈 的位置無關。 根據本發明的第四方面，提供一種照明排列，該照明 排列包括-個小型螢光燈，該小型榮光燈帶有一個電子鎮 15流器和一個具有上述特徵的調光裝置。 圖式簡單說明 本發明之較佳實施例將以舉例方式引用附圖作進一步 詳細說明，在這些圖中： 第1圖是基本概略電路圖，該圖顯示了本發明調光電 20路系統開關或開關模式電源基本線路構成塊一個實施例的 總體排列。 第2圖是顯示本發明調光電路系統第一實施例總體概 念的簡圖。 第3圖是顯示本發明調光電路系統第二實施例的概略 1230565 玖、發明說明 電路圖。 第4圖是顯示本發 電路圖 明凋光電路系統第三實施例的概略 5 電路圖 第5圖是顯示本發明調光電路系統第四實施例的概略 第6圖是顯示本發明調光電 糸、、充第五貫施例的概略 電路圖。[Technical field to which the invention belongs: J Field of the invention The present invention relates to a photometric adjustment circuit, equipment and device for electric lighting, 5 which is a dimmer. More specifically, the present invention relates in particular to dimming circuits, devices, and devices for small fluorescent tubes or power-saving bulbs. tfirst > Before eI BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Small fluorescent tubes, also known as energy-saving bulbs or energy-saving lamps, have been widely used due to their advantages such as high energy efficiency and durability. 15 As is known, the load mode of fluorescent lamps varies in different operating conditions. Therefore, fluorescent lamps are variable or non-linear loads to the power supply. In order to ensure that the fluorescent lamp can obtain a proper supply current under different operating conditions without being affected by the instantaneous operating mode, a ballast (ballast) is usually provided between the main power supply and the fluorescent lamp. . In general, the ballast must provide high voltage and current at start-up and be able to limit the current supplied to the fluorescent lamp to an appropriate level during stable operation. In many cases, there is a certain need for photometric adjustment of electric lighting. For a long time, due to the complicated circuit arrangement and topological structure of fluorescent lamps, it has been difficult to adjust the brightness of fluorescent lamps. A typical fluorescent light dimmer is usually achieved by the power supply voltage of the camping lamp being cut or cut by itself. The commonly used current interruption method is usually realized by cutting the _ part of the sine curve of the AC current by referring to the AC power input phase angle. This type of dimmer is commonly referred to as "phase-controlled dimmer and can be a normal phase dimmer or reverse phase 20 1230565 玖, description of the invention ° Normal phase dimmer usually uses a thyristor as an electronic interruption device or switch, such as Shi Xike Controlled rectifier (SCR), or the more commonly used three-terminal bidirectional controllable Shixi switching element. Inverter dimmer allows the half-cycle part of the AC line input to pass immediately after the AC line crosses zero and passes the next 5 The half-cycle part before zero is cut off or clipped. Both types of dimmers control the dimming by adjusting the cut-off part or phase angle of the AC power supply half-cycle. However, the k-type phase control dimmer The main disadvantage is that zero-crossing detection is a prerequisite for operation. Therefore, when zero-crossing detection is difficult, such as in the case of fluorescent lamps with capacitive ballasts, the effect of this phase control dimmer 10 It is not ideal. Due to the technical difficulties of dimming fluorescent lamps, most commercially available dimmable fluorescent lamp dimmers are combined with ballasts, which means that it is difficult to Combined Ordinary fluorescent lamps for long-distance photometric adjustment. Therefore, it is generally believed that it is impossible to use long-distance dimming, for example, to use a switch with a dimmer installed on the wall for dimming. Therefore, A simple dimmer or dimmer circuit capable of providing a separate device that can be used with fluorescent lamps will be desired by the public. These dimmer or dimmer circuits can be installed at a distance from small fluorescent lamps. The remote place allows people to adjust the brightness of the fluorescent light at a distance from the lamp. At the same time, in order to enable the dimmer to be installed with the standard standard wall socket, or replace it For a switch installed on a common standard wall socket, such a dimmer or circuit system is preferably simple enough to allow the dimmer to be accommodated in the limited space of a general standard wall socket. Furthermore, such fluorescent lamps The lamp dimmer is preferably a two-wire dimmer, which enables the dimmer to be 1230565 玖, and the description of the invention replaces the old device without additional wiring. [Akimoto] Summary of the Invention The first aspect of the present invention A dimming device is provided. The dimming device 5 includes an input terminal connected to an AC power source, an output terminal connected to a load, and a switch mode power supply. The switch mode power supply includes a Electronic switch device with two switch terminals, inductor device with switch control device, and valley device, the inductor device is connected in series with the switch terminal of the switch device, the capacitor device is connected in series with the inductor device and the 10 switch device In combination, the series connection includes the switching device # and the inductor device, wherein the switching frequency of the electronic switching device can be controlled and changed by the switching control device. A second aspect of the present invention provides a Double-end dimming device that can be used with small fluorescent lamps. The dimming device has a switch-mode power supply. The switch-mode 15 power supply includes a rectifier, an electronic switch, an inductor element, a valley element, and a switch. A control device, said rectifying device being connected to said switching device through said inductor element, said capacitive element being Connected in series with said switching element and said inductor means connected in parallel, said switch control means provides a switching signal to the switching device, the switching frequency of the signal 20 is substantially higher than the frequency of the input AC power source. According to a third aspect of the present invention, a dimming device is provided. The dimming device includes an input terminal for connecting to an AC power source, an output terminal for connecting to a load, and an arrangement of a switch mode power supply. The power supply includes an electronic switchgear 1230565 with first and second switching terminals, a description of the invention, a switch control gear, an inductor and a capacitor, said first and second switches of said electronic switching device The terminals, the inductor and the capacitor are arranged in a circuit loop, wherein the switching frequency of the electronic switching device can be controlled and changed by the switching control device. 5 Preferably, in this case, an inductor is connected between the output terminal of the switch mode power supply and the output terminal of the dimming device. Preferably, the switching frequency of the electronic switching device described herein is substantially higher than the frequency of the AC power source. Preferably, the switching control device of the present case includes a microcontroller or a microprocessor that emits a pulse width modulation 10 (PWM) switching signal. Preferably, the switching frequency of the switching device in this case is between 1 and 50 kHz. Preferably, the electronic switching device described in this case may be a bipolar transistor, a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), or an insulated gate bipolar 15 transistor (IGBT). Preferably, the inductor device described in this case includes an inductor, and the capacitor device includes a capacitor. Preferably, the present case further includes a rectifying device to provide a rectified power for the switching device. 20 Preferably, in this case, an additional sensor element is connected to the output of the above device. Preferably, the series connection of the switching device and the inductor device is also connected in series with a rectifier device, and the capacitor device is connected in parallel to the series connection composed of the switch device, the inductor device, and the rectifier device. 1230565 发明 Description of the invention Preferably, the switching signal described in the present case includes a signal pulse train with a level corresponding to "on, or" off, "the switching state, and can gradually change" on ,, and "off," the relative duration of the pulse. Preferably, the 5 connection between the switching device and the inductor device in this case is also connected in series with a rectifier device, and the capacitor device is connected in parallel to a series composed of the switch device, inductor device and rectifier device. connection. Preferably, one terminal of the dimming device of the present case is used to connect to a tritium power source and the other is used to connect to an electronic ballast of a small fluorescent lamp. According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lighting system including the above-mentioned dimming device 10 and a small fluorescent lamp. Preferably, the position of the dimming device described in this case is independent of the position of the small fluorescent lamp. According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an illumination array including a small fluorescent lamp with an electronic ballast 15 and a dimming device having the above-mentioned features. The drawings briefly explain the preferred embodiment of the present invention, which will be described in further detail by citing the drawings by way of example. In these figures: Figure 1 is a basic schematic circuit diagram, which shows the switch or switch of the 20-channel system of the present invention. The general arrangement of one embodiment of the basic block of the mode power supply. Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the overall concept of a first embodiment of a dimming circuit system according to the present invention. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a second embodiment of the dimming circuit system of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a third embodiment of a dimming circuit system according to the present invention. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a fourth embodiment of a dimming circuit system of the present invention. Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating a dimming circuit of the present invention. Fill the schematic circuit diagram of the fifth embodiment.
第7圖疋〜個包括本發 罘四貫施例中的調光器和一 個郎能燈概略電路目 # 4 # 10 电塔園。亥凋先為採用金屬氧化物半導體場 效應電晶體（M0SFET)而非雙極型雷曰辦於沒扣曰 艾性！電日日體作爲開關控制裝置 第8圖是-個簡圖，該圖顯示了第7圖的實_，其中 帶有㈤表不節此燈的等效電路和表示開關控制的等效電 路。 15 【實施方式j 較佳實施例之詳細說明 第1圖顯示了本發明調光電路系統所用的開關式或開 關模式電源基本線路構成塊以助于瞭解本發明。這個基本 電路構成塊10包括一個可控電子開關丨丨，該可控電子開關 20 11與電感器裝置〗2,如電感器L1串聯。電容裝置13，如電 容器C1，交叉並聯到可控開關和電感器的串聯組合的兩端 連接上。本基本電路的輸入節點2 〇是一個位於開關裝置z 1 和電容器C1中間的節點，它通常用於連接到輸入的交流 (AC)電源。本基本電路構成塊1〇的輸出節點是一個位於電 10 123〇565 玖、發明說明 感器L1和電容器C1中間的節點3〇，它用於連接到小型螢光 燈的或其他類似螢光燈的電子鎮流器，儘管從後面的描述 中可得知在電子鎮流器的輸出節點和輸入之間將加入一個 電感器裝置。 5 參看顯不了本發明簡要調光塊第一實施例的第2圖， 所述調光電路排列包括第1圖中所述的開關式電源或開關 模式電源構成塊加再上一個附加的電感器L2，該電感器L2 連接到第1圖中基本構造塊的輸出節點3 〇。這個附加的電 鲁 感l§L2是用來連接在小型螢光燈的開關電源輸出端與電子 10鎮流器之間的。此附加電感器L2(l4)的電感值很大程度上 依賴於在運行截斷頻率時電容電子鎮流器的阻抗，且通常 大於L1的電感值。所述調光塊的輸出節點以數字4〇顯示。 參看顯示了本發明第二實施例的第3圖。第3圖的實施 例以第1和2圖的基礎上修改並在第1和2圖中的開關裝置的 15位元置換入了一個雙極型電晶體Ql( 111)以及一個二極體 D1以分別作爲開關裝置和單向電流限制裝置的例子。在本 · 例中’該單向電流限制裝置爲一個二極體D1。二極體W串 連在所述雙極型電晶體（丨丨丨）和所述輸入節點2〇之間。這 個二極體D1的增加是爲了保護電晶體（111)不會由於反向 20偏置而受到損壞。當然，二極體亦可以裝置在所述電晶體 Ql(lll)和電感器L1(12)之間。 參看第4圖所顯示本發明調光電路系統的第三實施例 。本電路的連接總體上與第3圖相同，所不同之處是加上 與第一對第一電晶體Q丨（丨丨丨）和第一二極體D丨的串聯組合 11 1230565 玖、發明說明 又又並如的第二對包括第二雙極型電晶體Q2(112)和第二 二極體D2的串聯組合連接。其中，第一和第二電晶體及二 極體對的允許電流流動方向大體相反。 參看顯不了本發明調光電路系統第四實施例的第5圖 5 。在此實施例中，第1圖所示的電感器Ll( 12)和開關裝置 Ql (111)的串聯組合被插入到一個整流電路系統中。此一 電路使當调光電路系統的輸入節點連接到AC電源時，在ac 正弦輸入王周期期間的，經過整流的全波電源能夠供應給 · 在本實施例中的雙極型電晶體Q1(m)開關裝置（111)。實 10施例四大體上相同於實施例三，所不同之處在於只須使用 單個開關裝置（111)，而並非像實施例4中那樣要求兩個開 — 關裝置（Q1及Q2)。 本發明的第五個實施例在第6圖中顯示。實施例五大 體上與第四實施例相同，主要不同之處在於加上附加過濾 15級。此附加過濾級包括串聯到輸出電感器L2(14)的附加電 感器L3(16)以及從位於輸出電感器^和口之間的節點4〇分 讀| 路，然後連接到調光電路系統的輸入節點的附加過濾電容 器C2( 15)。本例子新的輸出節點以數字5〇顯示。 首先通過參考第1圖中的簡化斬波或削波電源線路來 20看本發明的總體運作原理。開關裝置Z1是一個電子可控開 關裝置”它的開關操作頻率可遠遠高於AC電源的5〇 — 60Hz 頻率。電子可控開關裝置的操作可通過來自於開關控制裝 置的開關#號進行開關。例如，所述開關控制裝置可以向 所述開關設備或裝置的控制端子發出‘‘開，，與“關，，的控制信 12 1230565 坎、發明說明 - 號。控制信號的產生可以由適當的振盪器或微控制器發生 ~ 。開關控制信號例如可以是使用帶有不定開關脈衝持續時 間的脈衝寬度調變（PWM)的信號，藉改變打開和關閉脈衝 變化之間的相對持續時間可以控制電源。 5 通過高頻截斷AC電源輸入半周期期間功率的一部分， AC電源的一部分會被截斷。同時，調光電路系統的功率輸 出可以通過改變“開，，和“關，，脈衝的相對持續時間來調整。 適用於小型螢光燈的開關頻率範圍大約在lkHz〜 5〇kHz之 春 間。當然，在適當的時候，其他合適的削波頻率亦可能適 10 用於其他類型的螢光燈或設備。 雖然，藉AC電源的高頻可變脈衝寬度截斷方式（或更 · 普遍叫作脈衝寬度調變（PWM)制式），以改變來自AC電源的 功率輸出爲已知。然而，長久以來，AC電源高頻截斷於帶 有電容鎮流器的小型螢光燈的直接應用的效果都不令人滿 15意。而且，人們亦深知電容性負載的阻抗在電流頻率增加 時會降低且高頻輸入電流可能損壞電容性負荷或其他敏感 書 的元件。 本發明的調光器通常應用於小型螢光燈。小型螢光燈 通常在電源輸入端加置一個電子鎮流器。電子鎮流器實質 20上疋一個電容性負荷，其設計通常是應用於低頻電源，例 如50或60Hz的AC電源。當此電容性負荷連接到一個具有在 千赫（kHz)範圍内的截斷頻率的高頻電源，例如，像脈寬 調變（PWM)電源模式這樣的模式電源時，此電容性負荷的 阻抗實質上會大大地降低，而損壞性的浪渴電流甚有可能 13 1230565 玖、發明說明 會流入電容性電子鎮流器。 爲了限制損壞性浪湧電流可能湧入電容性的電子鎮流 為的問題，在高頻削波式電源輸出端與小型螢光燈的電子 鎮抓器的輸入端之間就連接一個電感器或電感器裝置。此 5電感器裝置的作用是抑制削波式的電源信號的高頻部份， 使机入所述電容性負載的不良高頻電流部份可控制于可接 受水平。 然而，串聯式加入所述電感器裝置將會帶來高壓浪湧 (Ldi/dt)的問題，當開關裝置從“開，，（即導通）狀態到‘‘關 10 (即斷開）狀態時，這個高壓浪湧可能會擊穿開關裝置的 端子。爲了克服此電壓浪湧問題，其中一個方法是穿過所 述開關裝置的兩個端子連接一個電容裝置來提供一個低阻 抗分流或旁路保護以限制最大電壓浪湧。然而，當開關裝 置剛導通的時候，這個電壓浪湧保護電容器可能反會在由 15所述電容器和開關裝置組成的環路中産生一個大的放電電 /；，L這放電電流可以損壞所述開關裝置或擊穿所述電子開 關裝置。爲了解決或減低這個問題帶來的壞影響，本設計 將一個保護性電感器裝置串聯到所述開關裝置來限制最大 放電電流，使在由所述開關裝置、電容器和開關裝置保護 20電感器所組成的環路中流動的最大放電電流能夠受到適當限 總體而g，連接在調光器功率輸出端（節點3〇)與鎮流 器輸入端（節點40)之間的電感器（圖中的[2或14)的電感值 取決於電容式電子鎮流器在調光器截斷或削波頻率工作時 14 1230565 玖、發明說明 的的阻抗。分流或旁‘電容器（圖中的C1* 13)的電容值取 決於輸出電感器（圖中的L2或14)的電感值和截斷或削波頻 率。在包括開關裝置（11，111)及電容器（^的環路中的電感 器（L1)的電感值將會取決於C1的值和開關裝置（第6及7圖 5中的QK111)或ζι(ιι))的電流限度。 在第2至7圖中，元件L1、L2*C1W“T”一型濾波器的形 式排列其中包括一對串聯的電感器和一個分支連接的電 容器。這種排列減少了電容性負荷因高頻削波式功率輸入 帶來的不良效果，同時也保護了開關裝置Q〗，Z1。 10 通過以上方案，長期以來妨礙使用高頻PWM應用於小 型螢光燈光度调節的問題就能藉本發明方案提供的開關裝 置連同三個簡單的被動元件（L1、L2和C1)的使用來解決。 其中，這個簡單的組合以簡單的三元件“τ”型形式排列， 使之能夠在有限的空間安裝。當中，第丨和2圖中使用的符 15號以應當理解作是用來圖示電子開關裝置的。在實際應用 田中，所述開關裝置將會是能夠進行高頻開關的電子開關 裝置，開關頻率可以是例如在1〜5〇kHz之間的高頻。滿足 此要求的適當電子開關裝置包括雙極型電晶體、場效應電 曰曰體（FET)、金屬氧化物半導體場效應電晶體（齡sfet)或 20絕緣栅雙極電晶體（IGBT)。 參看第3圖，此圖中的電路排列大體上與第2圖中顯示 的電路排列相同，所不同之處是開關裝置由一個二極體di 和個雙極型電晶體Q1所替代。所述雙極型電晶體的提供 是作爲適當的高頻開關裝置的實例，而串聯的二極體的包 15 1230565 玖、發明說明 含是爲了保護所述雙極型電晶體不會由於逆偏堡而受到損 壞。 ' 第4圖所示的第三實施例大體上與第3圖中顯示的實& 例相同，所不同之處是提供了 一對附加的電晶體的和保護 5性二極體！)2，以使_線路電源的正周期和負周期期間都 能夠實現脈衝寬度調變。通過允許AC線路電源的全周期期 間的脈衝寬度調變，就能夠實現範圍更大的功率調節。 爲了在保持開關裝置以及相關的控制數量達到最小化 的同時而實現第4圖的效果，實施例3中的所述的兩對開關 1〇裝置由一個全波整流器連同一個電感器L1和開關裝置q j的 串聯連接所取代成爲第5圖的第四實施例。這個電感器η 和開關裝置111的串聯使得整流裝置的前向和逆向通路都 形成導電通路。 第6圖所不第五個實施例顯示了可能運用的附加濾波 15級，包括進一步串聯的一個電感器L3和一個分流連接的電 谷15 C2以便在允許輸入AC電源的高頻削波式時進一步保護 電容性負荷。附加的濾波分級，調光器的控制濾波特徵就 月匕夠更好且也能夠減少電抗元件的阻抗值。 第7圖中的系統圖顯示了一個AC電源、一個與本發明 2〇第5圖第四實施例類似的、帶有由一微控制器控制的開關 裝置11的調光器電路1 〇和一個帶有電子鎮流器31和螢光管 32的小型螢光燈3〇。同時也顯示了 一個電源開關si(4㈦來 表明打開和關閉小型螢光燈30的電源。當小型螢光燈3〇的 電源被接通時’小型螢光燈的亮度可由微控制器通過向所 16 1230565 玖、發明說明 . 述開關裝置Z1發出PWM開關控制信號來進行控制。細文 . 變PWM信號的打開和關閉脈衝的相對持續時間，就能夠調 節提供給電子鎮流器的功率輸出。通過逐漸地改變占空比 ’即在PWM脈衝導通周期到截止周期之間的持續時間的比Fig. 7 includes a dimmer and a Langen lamp in the four-pass embodiment of the present invention. # 4 # 10 Electric tower garden. The first use of metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (M0SFET) instead of bipolar thunder was done in no time. Electric sun and sun body as the switch control device Figure 8 is a simplified diagram showing the real figure in Figure 7, with the equivalent circuit of the lamp and the equivalent circuit representing the switch control. 15 [Embodiment j Detailed description of the preferred embodiment FIG. 1 shows the basic circuit building blocks of a switch-type or switch-mode power supply used in the dimming circuit system of the present invention to help understand the present invention. This basic circuit building block 10 includes a controllable electronic switch 丨, which is connected in series with an inductor device 2, such as the inductor L1. Capacitor device 13, such as capacitor C1, is connected in parallel across both ends of a series combination of a controllable switch and an inductor. The input node 2 of this basic circuit is a node located between the switching device z 1 and the capacitor C1, and is usually used to connect to an input alternating current (AC) power source. The output node of the basic circuit building block 10 is a node 30 between the electric sensor 10 and the capacitor C1, which is used to connect to a small fluorescent lamp or other similar fluorescent lamps. Electronic ballast, although it can be known from the following description that an inductor device will be added between the output node and the input of the electronic ballast. 5 Referring to FIG. 2 which shows the first embodiment of the brief dimming block of the present invention, the dimming circuit arrangement includes the switch-mode power supply or the switch-mode power supply constituent block described in FIG. 1 plus an additional inductor. L2, the inductor L2 is connected to the output node 3 of the basic building block in FIG. This additional inductor L2 is used to connect between the switching power supply output of a small fluorescent lamp and an electronic 10 ballast. The inductance of this additional inductor L2 (l4) depends to a large extent on the impedance of the capacitive electronic ballast at the operating cutoff frequency and is usually greater than the inductance of L1. The output node of the dimming block is displayed as a number 40. Refer to Fig. 3 which shows a second embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment of FIG. 3 is modified on the basis of FIGS. 1 and 2 and the 15 bits of the switching device in FIGS. 1 and 2 are replaced with a bipolar transistor Q1 (111) and a diode D1 Take as examples of switching devices and unidirectional current limiting devices. In this example ', the unidirectional current limiting device is a diode D1. A diode W is connected in series between the bipolar transistor (丨 丨 丨) and the input node 20. This diode D1 is added to protect the transistor (111) from damage due to reverse 20 bias. Of course, the diode can also be installed between the transistor Q1 (ll1) and the inductor L1 (12). Referring to Fig. 4, a third embodiment of the dimming circuit system of the present invention is shown. The connection of this circuit is generally the same as that in Figure 3. The difference is that it is added in series with the first pair of first transistors Q 丨 (丨 丨 丨) and the first diode D 丨 11 1230565 发明, invention The illustrated second pair includes a series combination connection of a second bipolar transistor Q2 (112) and a second diode D2. Among them, the allowed current flow directions of the first and second transistors and the diode pair are generally opposite. Refer to FIG. 5 which shows a fourth embodiment of the dimming circuit system of the present invention. In this embodiment, the series combination of the inductor L1 (12) and the switching device Q1 (111) shown in FIG. 1 is inserted into a rectifier circuit system. This circuit enables the rectified full-wave power to be supplied to the bipolar transistor Q1 (in this embodiment) during the ac sinusoidal input king cycle when the input node of the dimming circuit system is connected to an AC power source. m) Switching device (111). The fourth embodiment is substantially the same as the third embodiment, except that only a single switching device (111) is used instead of requiring two on-off devices (Q1 and Q2) as in the fourth embodiment. A fifth embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. The fifth embodiment is substantially the same as the fourth embodiment, with the main difference being that 15 stages of additional filtering are added. This additional filtering stage includes an additional inductor L3 (16) connected in series to the output inductor L2 (14) and a 40-minute read from the node between the output inductor ^ and the port, and then connected to the dimming circuit system. Additional filter capacitor C2 at the input node (15). The new output node for this example is shown with the number 50. First, look at the overall operating principle of the present invention by referring to the simplified chopped or clipped power line in Figure 1. Switching device Z1 is an electronically controllable switching device. Its switching operating frequency can be much higher than the frequency of 50-60 Hz of AC power. The operation of the electronically controllable switching device can be switched by the switch # from the switching control device. For example, the switch control device may send a control letter `` ON, '' and `` OFF, '' to the control terminal of the switching device or device 12 1230565 Kan, invention description-number. The generation of control signals can take place by an appropriate oscillator or microcontroller. The switching control signal may be, for example, a signal using a pulse width modulation (PWM) with a variable switching pulse duration. The power can be controlled by changing the relative duration between the on and off pulse changes. 5 By cutting off part of the power during the half cycle of the AC power input by high frequency, part of the AC power will be cut off. At the same time, the power output of the dimming circuit system can be adjusted by changing the relative duration of the “on,” and “off,” pulses. The switching frequency range suitable for small fluorescent lamps is about 1kHz ~ 50kHz in the spring. Of course, at the right time, other suitable clipping frequencies may also be suitable for other types of fluorescent lamps or equipment. Although, it is known to change the power output from the AC power source by using the high-frequency variable pulse width truncation method of AC power supply (or more commonly known as the pulse width modulation (PWM) system). However, for a long time, the direct application of high-frequency AC power to small fluorescent lamps with capacitive ballasts has been unsatisfactory. Moreover, it is also well known that the impedance of a capacitive load decreases as the current frequency increases and high-frequency input current may damage the capacitive load or other sensitive components. The dimmer of the present invention is generally applied to a small fluorescent lamp. Small fluorescent lamps usually add an electronic ballast to the power input. The electronic ballast essentially has a capacitive load on it. Its design is usually applied to low-frequency power supplies, such as 50 or 60 Hz AC power supplies. When this capacitive load is connected to a high-frequency power source with a cut-off frequency in the kilohertz (kHz) range, such as a mode power supply such as a pulse width modulated (PWM) power mode, the impedance of this capacitive load is essentially It will be greatly reduced, and the damaging thirsty current is likely to be 13 1230565 发明, the invention description will flow into the capacitive electronic ballast. In order to limit the problem that damaging surge current may flow into the capacitive electronic ballast, an inductor or an inductor is connected between the output terminal of the high-frequency clipped power supply and the input of the electronic ballast of a small fluorescent lamp. Inductor device. The function of this 5-inductor device is to suppress the high-frequency portion of the clipped power supply signal, so that the bad high-frequency current portion of the capacitive load can be controlled to an acceptable level. However, adding the inductor device in series will bring the problem of high voltage surge (Ldi / dt), when the switching device changes from the “on,” (ie, on) state to the “off 10 (ie, off)” state This high voltage surge may break through the terminals of the switching device. To overcome this voltage surge problem, one method is to connect a capacitor device through the two terminals of the switching device to provide a low impedance shunt or bypass protection To limit the maximum voltage surge. However, when the switching device is just turned on, this voltage surge protection capacitor may instead generate a large discharge current in the loop consisting of the capacitor and the switching device described in 15; This discharge current can damage the switching device or break down the electronic switching device. In order to solve or reduce the adverse effects caused by this problem, this design places a protective inductor device in series with the switching device to limit the maximum discharging current So that the maximum discharge current flowing in a loop composed of the switching device, capacitor and switching device protection 20 inductor can be appropriately limited Overall, g, the inductance of the inductor ([2 or 14) in the figure connected between the dimmer power output (node 30) and the ballast input (node 40) depends on the capacitive electronic ballast 14 1230565 发明, the impedance described by the invention when the dimmer cuts or clips the frequency. The capacitance of the shunt or bypass capacitor (C1 * 13 in the figure) depends on the output inductor (L2 or 14) inductance value and cut-off or clipping frequency. The inductance value of the inductor (L1) in the loop including the switching device (11, 111) and the capacitor (^) will depend on the value of C1 and the switching device (No. 6 and 7 QK111) or ζι (ιι)) current limit in Figure 5. In Figures 2 to 7, the components L1, L2 * C1W "T" type filters are arranged, including a pair of series inductors And a branch-connected capacitor. This arrangement reduces the adverse effects of capacitive loads due to high-frequency clipped power input, and also protects the switching device Q, Z1. 10 With the above scheme, it has long been a hindrance to use The problem of high-frequency PWM applied to small fluorescent light intensity adjustment can be borrowed from the present invention The switch device provided by the solution is solved together with the use of three simple passive elements (L1, L2 and C1). Among them, this simple combination is arranged in a simple three-element "τ" type, enabling it to be installed in a limited space Among them, the symbol 15 used in Figures 丨 and 2 should be understood to be used to illustrate the electronic switching device. In practical applications, the switching device will be an electronic switching device capable of high-frequency switching. The switching frequency can be, for example, a high frequency between 1 and 50 kHz. Suitable electronic switching devices that meet this requirement include bipolar transistors, field effect transistors (FETs), and metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors. (Age sfet) or 20 insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT). Referring to Fig. 3, the circuit arrangement in this figure is substantially the same as that shown in Fig. 2, except that the switching device is replaced by a diode di and a bipolar transistor Q1. The bipolar transistor is provided as an example of a suitable high-frequency switching device, and the series diode package 15 1230565 发明, the description of the invention is included to protect the bipolar transistor from reverse bias. Fort was damaged. 'The third embodiment shown in Fig. 4 is substantially the same as the actual & example shown in Fig. 3, except that a pair of additional transistors is provided to protect the pentode! ) 2, so that the pulse width modulation can be achieved during the positive and negative periods of the _line power supply. By allowing pulse width modulation during the full cycle of the AC line power supply, a wider range of power regulation can be achieved. In order to achieve the effect of FIG. 4 while keeping the number of switching devices and related controls to be minimized, the two pairs of switches 10 in Embodiment 3 are composed of a full-wave rectifier together with an inductor L1 and the switching device. The serial connection of qj is replaced by the fourth embodiment of FIG. 5. This series connection of the inductor η and the switching device 111 allows both the forward and reverse paths of the rectifier device to form conductive paths. The fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 6 shows the possible additional 15 stages of filtering, including an inductor L3 further connected in series and an electric valley 15 C2 shunt-connected to allow high-frequency clipping of the input AC power. Further protection of capacitive loads. With the additional filtering classification, the control filtering characteristics of the dimmer are better and can also reduce the impedance value of the reactive element. The system diagram in FIG. 7 shows an AC power source, a dimmer circuit 10 similar to the fourth embodiment of FIG. 5 of the present invention, and a switch device 11 controlled by a microcontroller, and a A small fluorescent lamp 30 with an electronic ballast 31 and a fluorescent tube 32. At the same time, a power switch si (4㈦) is also displayed to indicate that the power of the small fluorescent lamp 30 is turned on and off. When the power of the small fluorescent lamp 30 is turned on, the brightness of the small fluorescent lamp 16 1230565 发明, description of the invention. The switching device Z1 sends out a PWM switching control signal for control. Fine text. By changing the relative duration of the on and off pulses of the PWM signal, the power output provided to the electronic ballast can be adjusted Gradually change the duty cycle 'i.e. the ratio of the duration between the on-time and the off-time of the PWM pulse
5率，就可以逐漸地完成調光。其中，本例子中使用M0SFET 作爲開關裝置。 同時，裝置Z1的兩個端子加附由電容器cz(18)和電阻 裔RZ( 17)組成的串聯組合，以保護開關裝置不會由於在其 · 控制端子的高頻開關而産生的高壓浪湧而受到損壞。 10 第8圖顯示了與第7圖排列大致相同而經簡化了的電路 其中’此圖中使用IGBT用作開關裝置的例子。在此圖中 - ’包括電子鎮流器的節能燈用等同的電路形式顯示3〇。在 這種形式中’節能燈包括一個由電容器C2和電阻器孔組成 的並聯連接，並帶有一個整流橋（D3—D6)。通過這個小型 15 螢光燈的電容性等效電路就可使困擾設計調光裝置而必須 解決的不同問題變得更明顯。 謂| 下列表格列出了 一些元件的數值的例子作爲參考。 實施例1 22W (瓦）節能燈5 rate, you can gradually complete the dimming. Among them, the MOSFET is used as the switching device in this example. At the same time, the two terminals of the device Z1 are added with a series combination of a capacitor cz (18) and a resistor RZ (17) to protect the switching device from high-voltage surges caused by the high-frequency switching at its control terminal. And was damaged. 10 Figure 8 shows a simplified circuit with approximately the same arrangement as in Figure 7 where 'This example uses an IGBT as a switching device. In this figure-′ energy-saving lamps including electronic ballasts are shown in the equivalent circuit form 30. In this form, the 'energy-saving lamp' includes a parallel connection consisting of a capacitor C2 and a resistor hole, with a rectifier bridge (D3-D6). With the capacitive equivalent circuit of this small 15 fluorescent lamp, the different problems that must be solved when designing a dimming device become more apparent. Predicate | The following table lists some examples of component values for reference. Example 1 22W (Watt) Energy Saving Lamp
Zl： MOSFET 900V/8AZl: MOSFET 900V / 8A
20 Rz = 25Ω Cz 二 1，000 pF 開關頻率 LI L2 Cl 20kHz 2mH ΙΟΟμΗ 0.015pF 5kHz 3mH 120μΗ 0.022μΡ 實施例2 44W節能燈 開關頻率 LI L2 Cl 17 1230565 玖、發明說明20 Rz = 25Ω Cz II 1,000 pF Switching frequency LI L2 Cl 20kHz 2mH ΙΟΟμΗ 0.015pF 5kHz 3mH 120μΗ 0.022μP Example 2 44W energy-saving lamp Switching frequency LI L2 Cl 17 1230565 发明, description of the invention
旦另一方面，如果其他條件不變，通過增加遽波級的數 量’就能夠降低無電抗元件的值。 $胃&上述可明顯看出’本發明通過簡單地連接數 5量不多的電子元件，就能夠得到適用於小型螢光燈的調光 電路。這些70件’包括例如是産生所述開關控制信號的單 片微處理機’都能夠安裝在非常有限的空間，如普通牆置 式插座大小的空間。利用這種簡單和通用的設計，牆置式 凋光器就可以安裝在牆插座中來代替普通的僅有“開，，和“ 1〇關，，的開關以對節能燈和其他使用電子鎮流器的榮光燈進 行調光和開關。例如，包括所述開關裝置、整流裝置、無 源渡波元件和開關信號發生CPU或Mcu的調光電路可以全部 安裝在-個單獨的牆置式外殼上，其輸入端子和輸出端子 則適合於在現有的牆置式插座内改型。 Η *作爲對上述實施例可能進行的修改或變化的例子，應 當理解調光器開關可以包括W圖中的基本㈣構成塊， 而輪出電感器L2可作爲螢光燈的一部分緊靠電子鎮流器的 輸入端而連接。 正體而έ，應當理解本發明的調光電路系統包括一個 2〇開關模式電源電路，該電源電路包括一個帶有第一和第二 開關端子的可控制開關裝置（Ζ1)、一個電容器（⑴和一個 電感器（L1)，它們都包括在一個電路環路中。所述電容器 ()矛電感器（L1)分別用於保護開關裝置不受電壓和電流 浪湧的損壞。 18 1230565 玫、發明說明 通過參考上述較展實施例對本發明作了說明之後，就 會理解這些實施例的提供只是用來闡明本發明的，它們並 不限制到本發明的範圍和精神。本發明的範圍和領域應以 上述發明的總體原則和精神來確定。特別地，對於本領域 5技術人員來說是顯而易見的和平常的變化或修改，以及以 本發明爲基礎的改進應被認爲屬於本發明的範圍和領域。 進v地，*通過參考小型螢光燈對本發明作了說明之後 就應該理解不官有無修改，本發明都能夠在榮光燈中應 拳 用。 10 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖是基本概略電路圖’該圖顯示了本發明調光電 H统開關㈣關模式電源基本線路構成塊—個實施例的 總體排列。 ^ 第2圖疋,、、、貝不本發明調光電路系統第一實施例總體概 15 念的簡圖。 第3圖疋顯示本發明,伞 贫月凋先電路系統第二實施例的概略 着 電路圖。 第4圖疋顯示本發明/ 月调先電路糸統第三實施例的概略 電路圖。 ' 20第5圖是顯示本發明調光電路系統第四實施例的概略 電路圖。 第6圖是顯示本發 w周先電路系統第五實施例的概略 電路圖。 第7圖是〜個白紅士 發明第四實施例中的調光器和一 19 1230565 玖、發明說明 個節能燈概略電路圖’，該調光器採用金屬氧化物半導體場 效應電晶體（M0SFET)而非雙極型電晶體作爲開關控制裝置 示開關控制的等效電 第8圖是一個簡圖，該圖顯示了第？圖的實施例，其中 5帶有一個表示節能燈的等效電路和表 路0 【囷式之主要 i〇···調光器塊 11···電子開關 12···電感器裝置 13···電容裝置 20···輸入節點 3G···輸出節點 31···電子鎮流器 32…螢光管 40···調光器的輪出節 lu···開關裝置On the other hand, if the other conditions are not changed, the value of the reactive element can be reduced by increasing the number of chirped wave stages'. It is obvious from the above that the present invention can obtain a dimming circuit suitable for a small fluorescent lamp by simply connecting a small number of electronic components. These 70 pieces, including, for example, a single-chip microprocessor that generates the switch control signal, can be installed in a very limited space, such as a space of the size of an ordinary wall socket. With this simple and universal design, the wall-mounted dimmer can be installed in the wall socket instead of the ordinary “On,” and “10 Off,” switches to use energy-saving lamps and other electronic ballasts. The glorious lamp of the device performs dimming and switching. For example, the dimming circuit including the switching device, rectifying device, passive wave component and switching signal generating CPU or MCU can all be installed on a separate wall-mounted housing, and its input terminals and output terminals are suitable for existing Retrofit in a wall socket. Η * As an example of possible modifications or changes to the above embodiments, it should be understood that the dimmer switch may include the basic ㈣ building block in the figure, and the wheel-out inductor L2 may be close to the electronic town as part of the fluorescent lamp The input of the current transformer is connected. It should be understood that the dimming circuit system of the present invention includes a 20-switch-mode power supply circuit including a controllable switching device (Z1) with first and second switching terminals, a capacitor (电容器 and An inductor (L1), they are all included in a circuit loop. The capacitor () spear inductor (L1) is used to protect the switching device from damage by voltage and current surges. 18 1230565 Rose, description of the invention After explaining the present invention by referring to the above comparative embodiments, it will be understood that these embodiments are provided only to clarify the present invention, and they are not limited to the scope and spirit of the present invention. The scope and field of the present invention should be The general principles and spirit of the above invention are determined. In particular, ordinary changes or modifications that are obvious to those skilled in the art 5 and improvements based on the invention should be considered to belong to the scope and field of the invention In the field, * after explaining the present invention by referring to a small fluorescent lamp, it should be understood that there are no official modifications, and the present invention can be used in The glory lamp should be used for fists. 10 [Schematic description] Figure 1 is a basic schematic circuit diagram 'This figure shows the basic arrangement of the power supply circuit of the dimming photoelectric H system switch in the off mode of the present invention—a general arrangement of the embodiments. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall concept of the first embodiment of the dimming circuit system of the present invention. Fig. 3 shows an outline of the second embodiment of the circuit system of the present invention. Circuit diagram. Figure 4 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a third embodiment of the present invention / monthly modulation circuit system. '20 Figure 5 is a schematic circuit diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the dimming circuit system of the present invention. Figure 6 is a display The present invention is a schematic circuit diagram of the fifth embodiment of the circuit system of the week. Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a dimmer and a 191230565 in the fourth embodiment of the White-Horse Invention. The dimmer uses a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (M0SFET) instead of a bipolar transistor as a switch control device, and shows the equivalent value of the switch control. Figure 8 is a simplified diagram showing the implementation of the? Example, which The middle 5 is provided with an equivalent circuit and meter circuit 0 which indicates the energy saving lamp. [The main i0 of the formula is the dimmer block 11 ... the electronic switch 12 ... the inductor device 13 ... the capacitor device 20 ··· Input node 3G ··· Output node 31 ··· Electronic ballast 32 ... Fluorescent tube 40 ·· Ring out of the dimmer lu ··· Switching device
Cl···電容器 疋件代表符號表】Cl · ·· capacitor
C2…濾波電容器 D1…二極體 D2…二極體 L1…電感器 L2···附加電感器 L3···附加電感器 Q1···雙極型電晶體 ' 的…雙極型電晶體C2 ... Filter capacitor D1 ... Diode D2 ... Diode L1 ... Inductor L2 ... Additional inductor L3 ... Additional inductor Q1 ... Bipolar transistor
♦點 S1…電源開關 Z1…開關裝置 20♦ Point S1… Power switch Z1… Switching device 20