1229965 玖、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明涉及一種使電流中斷用之具有氣密式容器之開關 設備，特別是用在中壓技術領域中者，該容器中配置著電 位不同之導電構件且該容器中塡入一種使各構件互相絕緣 用之保護氣体。 【先前技術】 此種開關設備例如由US 4 1 75048中已爲人所知。該文件 中所揭示之開關設備具有一種氣密式容器，其中配置著互 相隔開之各電位不同之構件。爲了使這些可能已施加高電 壓之構件互相絕緣，則該容器中須塡入一種絕緣氣体混合 物，其具有一由全氟二甲基環丁烷，全氟環己烯或六氟偶 氮甲烷所構成之此組（group)中之第一成份和一由氮，氫， 二氧化碳，一氧化碳或SF6所構成之此組中之第二成份。 此外，亦已揭示各種由氮，六氟-2-丁炔和SF6所構成之絕 緣氣体混合物。 六氟化硫（sf6)由於目前作爲高價之絕緣体時具有負電 性，其實際上因此可用作保護氣体。但特別是就溫室效應 而言，該氣体之對環境有害之特性目前尙不能完全被排 除。因此，在需要時可另外選擇其它對環境有利之絕緣氣 体。 除了六氟化硫之外，例如亦可使用氮（n2)，其是大氣之主 成份中之一種且同樣具有負電性。當然氮之擊穿強度較六 氟化硫者還小。例如，爲了防止該已受氮絕緣之開關設備 1229965 或開關單元發生電壓飛弧，則在與同等級之以六氮化硫來 絕緣之設備相比較時，不同電位之各金屬構件之間須有較 大之間距。但這樣會使各開關單元之構成空間大大地增 加。 詳言之，絕緣氣体之擊穿強度可藉由開關單元或開關設 備之外殼中氣体內壓之提局而獲得改良。但此種氣体內壓 提高時需要一種對該已提高之壓力在機械上是穩定且是氣 密之外殼。此種開關單元因此較重且其製造成本較高。 在1 99 9年12月由Y. Qiu和E· Kuffel所發表之IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vo 1. 6, N o · 6中，其未使用一由純六氟/化硫所構成之保護氣体而是 使用由六氟化硫和氮或二氧化碳所形成之混合物來使中壓 開關設備絕緣。 同樣，在2001年12月由〇.Yamamoto等人所發表之IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vo 1. 8, No. 6中，建議使用二種成份之混合物，其中一種成分是 氮，空氣或C02，另一種成份是全氟環丁烷（C-C4F8)。 US3506774中揭示一種由氮，全氟乙烯基硫五氟化物， 氟氯碳氫（FCKW)所構成之混合物以作爲絕緣氣体。但氟氯 碳氫（FCKW)會仿效一種對空氣中之臭氧層有害之特性，這 由於生態上之原因是不期望發生的。 【發明內容】 本發明之目的是提供上述形式之具有一種保護氣体之開 關設備，該保護氣体之擊穿強度至少接近於該六氟化硫之 1229965 【實施方式】 依據本發明較佳之實施形式，該添加氣体是二氧化碳， 其亦爲空氣中之一種成份。明確而言，co2具有一種對環境 +利之溫室效應且在太陽光進行轉換時吸收地球表面上所 _生之熱輻射，使太陽能之輻射可在地表上大大地下降而 &熱之形式保持在大氣中。但二氧化碳在廣泛之範圍中例 女口可藉由含碳之物質而在森林火災，自動馬達或發電廠中 ^生’使其較少使用在高壓開關設備中。此外，相較於較 耐用之 SF6而言，co2可藉由與水發生反應而轉換成碳酸 鹽。 在氣密之容器中可配置任意之電機裝置。但本發明中應 避免··在高電壓中藉由較大電流之中斷而在氣体容器中產 &弧光。例如，在容器中配置氣密之多個外殻，在各外殼 中形成一種真空或各外殼中以另一種保護氣体塡入。 有利的是在容器中配置一種真空開關。 依據本發明另一實施例，在氣体容器中設置一種硬式氣 体開關。在此種硬式氣体開關中，在介電質區域中或熱力 上高負載之區域中例如使用各種以聚四氟乙烯爲主之材 料。這些材料在一種切換弧光形成時會受到侵蝕且產生一 種氣体，例如，氟，其可加速該切換弧光之消滅。此種硬 式氣体開關例如已描述在EP 0 742 5 6 9 B1中。 本發明其它適當之形式和優點描述在圖式中所示之各實 施例中，其中相對應之構件以相同之參考符號來表示。 第1圖顯示本發明之開關設備1之實施例，其具有一種 1229965 氣密式容器2，其中塡入一種保護氣体3。本實施例中所使 用之該保護氣体3含有氮和二氧化碳，其中該保護氣体之 二氧化碳成份佔15Wt. %。該保護氣体3具有大氣壓力，使 得在與內壓較大之容器相比較時在該容器2之製程中對該 容器2之機械上之抵抗性和密封性之需求較低。因此，藉 由該容器2之焊接（例如，藉由雷射焊接），則可製備多年 不必管理而仍可工作之開關設備1。 容器2內部配置一種只以示意圖來表示之真空功率開關 4，其位置固定之固定接觸區5在電性上是與導電之終端6 相連，反之，一移動接觸區7經由一未顯示之連接件而與 電纜出口相接觸。 此外，一種起動單元9固定在容器2上，其用來產生一 種起動式移動，此種起動式移動經由同樣未顯示之耦合件 而傳送至該真空功率開關4之移動接觸區7，以便使該移 動接觸區7可與該固定接觸區5相接觸或由該固定接觸區5 移開。 第2圖是本發明開關設備1之另一實施例，其對應於第1 圖所示之實施例。但與第1圖不同之處是其在容器2中設 有一種硬式氣体開關1 1以取代真空開關，該硬式氣体開關 1 1可支配一種由塑膠所製成之燃耗件。該燃耗件1 0具有 一種非線性之燃耗特性。若藉由輻射或加熱氣体之形成而 由弧光所發出之功率較小時，則燃耗保持較小且該滅火氣 体幾乎未釋出。但在短路時該弧光之功率大大地提高，則 該燃耗件1 〇以層之方式而被破壞。於是額外之滅火氣体以 1229965 過（over)比例之數量而釋出，其可有效地使該弧光消滅。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖本發明開關設備之實施例。 第2圖本發明開關設備之另一實施例。 元件之符號說明： 1 開 關 設 備 2 氣 密 式 容 器 3 保 護 氣 体 4 真 空 功 率 開 關 5 固 定 接 觸 6 終 端 7 移 動 接 觸 區 8 電 纜 出 □ 9 起 動 單 元 10 燃 耗 件 11 硬 式 氣 体 開 關1229965 发明 Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a switchgear with an air-tight container for interrupting current, especially in the field of medium-voltage technology. A conductive gas is inserted into the container to insulate the components from each other. [Prior Art] Such a switching device is known, for example, from US 4 1 75048. The switchgear disclosed in this document has an air-tight container in which components with different potentials are arranged which are separated from each other. In order to insulate these components that may have been applied with high voltage, an insulating gas mixture must be introduced into the container, which has a composition consisting of perfluorodimethylcyclobutane, perfluorocyclohexene or hexafluoroazomethane The first component in this group and a second component in this group consisting of nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide or SF6. In addition, various insulating gas mixtures composed of nitrogen, hexafluoro-2-butyne and SF6 have been disclosed. Sulfur hexafluoride (sf6) is actually used as a protective gas because of its negative charge when it is currently used as an expensive insulator. However, especially in terms of the greenhouse effect, the environmentally harmful properties of this gas cannot currently be completely eliminated. Therefore, other environmentally friendly insulating gases can be selected when needed. In addition to sulfur hexafluoride, for example, nitrogen (n2) can also be used, which is one of the main components of the atmosphere and also has negative electricity. Of course, the breakdown strength of nitrogen is smaller than that of sulfur hexafluoride. For example, in order to prevent voltage flashover of the nitrogen-insulated switchgear 1229965 or the switch unit, when comparing with the same grade of equipment insulated with sulfur hexanitride, there must be Larger spacing. However, this will greatly increase the construction space of each switching unit. In particular, the breakdown strength of the insulating gas can be improved by raising the internal pressure of the gas in the housing of the switch unit or switchgear. However, such an increase in gas internal pressure requires a casing that is mechanically stable and hermetically sealed against the increased pressure. Such a switching unit is therefore heavy and its manufacturing cost is high. In IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vo 1. 6, No. 6, published by Y. Qiu and E · Kuffel in December 1999, the unused one is composed of pure hexafluoro / sulfur The protective gas uses a mixture of sulfur hexafluoride and nitrogen or carbon dioxide to insulate medium-voltage switchgear. Similarly, in December 2001, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vo 1. 8, No. 6 published by Yamamoto et al., It is recommended to use a mixture of two components, one of which is nitrogen, air or C02, another ingredient is perfluorocyclobutane (C-C4F8). US3506774 discloses a mixture of nitrogen, perfluorovinylsulfur pentafluoride, and fluorochlorohydrocarbon (FCKW) as an insulating gas. But chlorofluorocarbon (FCKW) will emulate a property that is harmful to the ozone layer in the air, which is undesirable for ecological reasons. [Summary of the invention] The object of the present invention is to provide a switchgear with a protective gas in the above-mentioned form, and the breakdown strength of the protective gas is at least close to that of the sulfur hexafluoride 1229965. The added gas is carbon dioxide, which is also a component in the air. Specifically, co2 has a greenhouse effect on the environment + benefits and absorbs the heat radiation generated on the earth's surface when the sunlight is converted, so that the solar radiation can be greatly reduced on the ground and the form of & heat remains In the atmosphere. However, carbon dioxide is used in a wide range of examples. Females can use carbon-containing substances in forest fires, automatic motors, or power plants to reduce their use in high-voltage switchgear. In addition, compared to the more durable SF6, co2 can be converted to carbonate by reacting with water. Arbitrary motor device can be arranged in air-tight container. However, in the present invention, the generation of & arc light in a gas container by interruption of a large current in a high voltage should be avoided. For example, a plurality of gas-tight enclosures are arranged in a container, a vacuum is formed in each enclosure, or a protective gas is injected into each enclosure. It is advantageous to arrange a vacuum switch in the container. According to another embodiment of the present invention, a hard gas switch is provided in a gas container. In such a hard gas switch, various materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene are mainly used in a dielectric region or a region with high thermal load. These materials are eroded when a switching arc is formed and generate a gas, such as fluorine, which accelerates the extinction of the switching arc. Such a rigid gas switch is described, for example, in EP 0 742 5 6 9 B1. Other suitable forms and advantages of the present invention are described in the embodiments shown in the drawings, in which corresponding components are denoted by the same reference symbols. Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the switchgear 1 of the present invention, which has a 1229965 airtight container 2 in which a protective gas 3 is introduced. The protective gas 3 used in this embodiment contains nitrogen and carbon dioxide, and the carbon dioxide component of the protective gas accounts for 15Wt.%. The protective gas 3 has an atmospheric pressure, so that when compared with a container having a relatively large internal pressure, the mechanical resistance and the tightness of the container 2 during the manufacturing process of the container 2 are relatively low. Therefore, by welding the container 2 (for example, by laser welding), it is possible to prepare the switchgear 1 which can be operated without management for many years. Inside the container 2 is a vacuum power switch 4 which is only shown in a schematic diagram. The fixed contact area 5 whose position is fixed is electrically connected to the conductive terminal 6. On the contrary, a mobile contact area 7 is connected through an unshown connecting piece. It is in contact with the cable outlet. In addition, a starting unit 9 is fixed to the container 2 and is used to generate a starting movement which is transmitted to the mobile contact area 7 of the vacuum power switch 4 via a coupling member, which is also not shown, so that The mobile contact area 7 can be brought into contact with or moved away from the fixed contact area 5. Fig. 2 is another embodiment of the switching device 1 of the present invention, which corresponds to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1. However, it is different from FIG. 1 in that it is provided with a hard gas switch 11 in the container 2 instead of a vacuum switch. The hard gas switch 11 can control a burner made of plastic. The fuel consumption member 10 has a non-linear fuel consumption characteristic. If the power emitted by the arc light through the formation of radiation or heating gas is small, the fuel consumption remains small and the fire extinguishing gas is hardly released. However, the power of the arc light is greatly increased during a short circuit, and the burner 10 is destroyed in a layered manner. The extra fire extinguishing gas is then released in an amount over 1229965, which can effectively quench the arc. [Brief Description of the Drawings] FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the switchgear of the present invention. Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of the switchgear of the present invention. Symbol description of the components: 1 switch device 2 airtight container 3 protection gas 4 true air power switch 5 fixed contact 6 terminal 7 mobile contact area 8 cable outlet □ 9 start unit 10 fuel consumption component 11 hard gas switch
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