1226364 玖、發明說明： 發明所屬之技術領域 本發明係有關一種將廢塑膠熱裂解液化以生產油的技 藝’尤其是關於一種將熱裂解所產生的氣態頂部產品中的 氣怨壤冷卻成高溫液體形態以即時迴流至熱裂解反應器再 裂解的氣態蠟冷卻截留器。 先前技術 廢塑膠熱裂解液化產油程序是廢塑膠有效回收利用的 私序之一。但廢塑膠中聚乙浠（包括高密度與低密度兩者） 所佔的比率相當的高，其在熱裂解液化時易有蠟的產生。 —般處理程序是將裂解物分兩段冷卻，第一段使液態油蠟 與氣體成份分離，第二段再將油蠛繼續冷卻，使固態蟻與 液態油分離，然後再將固態蠟與原料混合後再次裂解。此 程序之缺點有：（一）、蠟完全冷卻至固態再行裂解，能源 效率較差。（二）、易有管路堵塞的情形發生。 若要線上一次即讓蠟的比率降低至可接受的程度（不 造成後續處理的困擾），則必須提高裂解溫度或裂解時間， 前者將使得產物中氣體比率昇高，產油率降低，後者除將 降低處理速率外，亦會有產物中氣體比率昇高的情形。 、韓國專利則13605是有關一種將廢塑膠熱裂解液化 以生產油的技藝，其中將高沸點成份（即類蟻部分）盘低沸 點f份（即類油部分）同時冷凝於一收集槽内’然後=將底 部南沸點成份迴送加熱再裂解。 1226364 一般化工實際應用之分離器或熱交換器 t Α 热衆具攔畚 /、冷卻控溫兩種機制，若欲以分離器靠自然散熱來達成目 的，則其構造必須相當細長，當氣體流量、 里八吋，液體會產 生溢級現象而無法被迴流。若以一般填充塔當氣態產品 截器時，當氣體流量大時’會因填充塔内部深處無：散：: 而使得氣態產品的攔截效果不理想。若 月…、 ▽吳兄士合直捏缩 小，雖然攔截效果增加，但同樣的當氣體流量大時，液體 會產生溢流現象而無法被迴流。 發明内容 本發明的主要目的在於提供一種兼具棚截與冷卻控阳 兩種效果之氣態蟻冷卻截留器，其具有一或數個環狀： 道，被填充於該環狀通道的填充物，及設於用於分隔該产 狀通道的連續壁的冷卻機構。 /衣 本發明將氣態冷卻截留器結合於—傳統的廢塑膠熱裂 解液化產油方法，以冷卻並攔截熱裂解所產生的氣態頂部 產品中的氣態缫（常溫下之狀態為蠛），使之成為高溫液 而迴=至熱裂解反應器繼續裂解，但其中的氣態油（常 溫下之狀態為油）與氣體仍保持氣態離開該 卻器冷凝收集為成品油。如此，則可在不提高熱裂解：;冷 或大幅延長熱裂解時間的情況下，於線上即讓蠟的比率降 低可接又的耘度，並達到提高廢塑膠熱裂解液化產油的 產率的目的。此外，蠘不必完全冷卻至固態再行回收裂解， 能源效率較佳，亦不會有管路堵塞的情形發生。 1226364 本發明的氣態蠛冷卻截留器之填充物的作用為碰撞搁 戴’兼具冷卻介質作用；而該冷卻機構的主要作用為控制 該截留器内的填充物/氣態頂部產品的溫度並降溫至適當 溫度。 田 實施方式 本發明提供一種氣態蠟冷卻截留器，包含： 一槽體’包含位於其一端的一入口；位於其另一端的 一出口；及介於該入口與出口之間的冷卻截留段；其中該 冷卻截留段包含： 一或複數個間隔、且同軸心的環形壁，該環形壁將該 槽體内的空間分隔成一或複數個環狀通道及一個軸心通 道； 每一個環形壁分別設有一冷卻機構；及 多數個被填充於該環狀通道内的填充物，係使流經該 填充物的流體與流經該冷卻機構内的冷卻流體可進行熱交 換。 車父佳的’該冷卻機構為一夾層壁，其與該環形壁之間 形成一供冷卻流體通過的流道。 較佳的，該冷卻機構為盤繞於該環形壁上的冷卻蛇 管，該冷卻蛇管供冷卻流體流通經過。 較佳的’該槽體進一步包含設於該槽體之槽壁上的一 冷卻機構。更佳的，該冷卻機構為一夹層壁，其與該槽壁 之間形成一供冷卻流體通過的流道。選擇性的，該冷卻機 1226364 構為盤繞於該槽壁上的冷卻蛇管，該冷卻蛇管供冷卻流體 流通經過。 較佳的，本發明的冷卻截留器具有一個環形壁。 較佳的’該槽體在該冷卻截留段及該環形壁係具有一 圓形、橢圓形或方形之横截面。 較佳的’該填充物為拉西環或馬鞍環。 較佳的’本發明的冷卻截留器的槽體進一步包含位於 該槽體内用於支撐該填充物之支撐網。 、结合有本發明的氣態冷卻截留器的廢塑膠熱裂解液化 產油方法將配合圖1說明如下。廢塑膠或廢有機物由一計 S螺桿進料機10的料斗U被導入於該進料機的進料螺桿 12 °通過該進料螺桿ι2的轉動及包覆於該螺桿12的電熱 失套（未示於圖中），該廢塑膠或廢有機物被破碎及至少部 伤熔融，並由該螺桿12的出料端直接進入一氣泡式流體化 床熱裂解反應器20。該反應器2〇被維持在使該廢塑膠或 廢有機物裂解產生氣態碳氫物質的反應溫度，並且其底部 被導入一以預熱器6〇預先加熱之熱氮氣（NO來提供該反應 器20内熱裂解物質的流體化動力及氣泡的產生。如果情況 需要，該熱氮氣亦可供應至該進料斗n的底部（如虛線所 二）^幫助進料氮氣的供應由一氮氣貯槽70及一壓縮機 8〇來達成。 於該反應器20内因熱裂解所產生的氣態碳氫物質頂 部產品由其上部通過—管路被導出並進入一氣態蠟冷卻截 ^ 30於疋㊉溫下為蠟之氣態蠟在截留器30内被冷卻 1226364 成為高溫液體並迴流至該反應器20内繼續進行裂解。同時 未被冷卻的氣態物質則由該截留器30的頂部通過—管路 44被導出並進入一油冷凝器40。由於熱裂解所產生的氣態 碳氫物質頂部產品内的氣態蠟（常溫下為蠟）已被截留並以 液態方式迴流至該反應器20，因此從該截留器3〇頂部流 出的氣態物質不會在管路44内形成固態蠟，而避免了管路 堵塞的問題。同理，該油冷凝器40冷卻由該截留器3〇出 來的氣態物質的產物將為液態油（收集於一貯油槽5〇内）及 未冷凝的油氣（由管路45排出至下游處理單元），也不會有 固態蠘堵塞其中的問題。 本發明的氣態蠟冷卻截留器3〇的一較佳具體實施例如 圖2及3所示，包含-槽豸31，位於該槽體底端用於導入 該碳氫物質頂部產品的一入口 32，位於該槽體頂端用於導 出未被冷卻的氣態物質的一出口 33，及介於A—A線與b — b 線之間的冷卻截留段34。該冷卻截留段包含一内冷卻套管 35 °又於該槽體之槽壁36上的外冷卻襯套37,被填充於 該内冷卻套管與該槽壁之間的填充物38(例如拉西環），及 支撐該填充物的支撐網39。該内冷卻套管％具有一夾層通 道351 ’冷部流體（未示於圖中）由該夾層通道的上方流 入而由其下方流出。該外冷卻襯套37與該槽壁％之間亦 具有一夾層通道361，冷卻流體（未示於圖中）由該夾層通道 361的上方流入而由其下方流出。藉由該填充物所提供的碰 &攔截的作用及兼具冷卻介質作用；配合該夾層通道脱、 361内的冷卻流體的控制將填充物38/氣態頂部產品的降溫 1226364 的氣態蠟被截留 至適當溫度來使氣態碳氫物質頂部產品内 並以液態方式迴流至該反應器20。 ’該氣態蠟冷卻截留 之直徑可被調整，也 夕個冷卻流體迴路及 視廢塑膠熱裂解液化產油的規模 器30的該内冷卻套管35及該槽壁36 可增加該内冷卻套管35的數目而具有 多個被填充的環形通道。 對照例 在無前述本發明方法所使用的氣態蠟冷卻截留器3〇 之應用時，氣泡式流體化床熱裂解低密度聚乙烯塑膠 (LDPE)時之效果如表一所示，其中熱裂解反應溫度為5〇〇 C〜550 C時’產油率介於43.2〜43.9%，蝶的產率達 35.4〜45.3% ° 表一 低密度聚乙烯於流體化床熱裂解之產物與熱裂解溫度關係(wt%y 溫度(°c) 500 550 600 650 700 氣體 10.8 21.4 24.2 40.1 71.4 油 43.9 43.2 51.0 47.8 24.6 蠟 45.3 35.4 24.8 12.1 4.0 油+蠘 89.2 78.6 75.8 59.9 28.6 *資料來源： “Fluidised bed pyrolysis of low density polyethylene to produce petrochemical feedstock59 Paul T. 12263641226364 发明 Description of the invention: The technical field to which the invention belongs The present invention relates to a technique for liquefying waste plastics to produce oil, and more particularly, to a method for cooling gaseous soil in a gaseous top product produced by thermal cracking to a high temperature liquid The form is a gaseous wax-cooled entrapment that is immediately refluxed to the thermal cracking reactor and cracked again. Prior technology The thermal cracking liquefaction of waste plastics is one of the private procedures for the effective recycling of waste plastics. However, the proportion of polyethylene (including both high density and low density) in waste plastic is quite high, and it is easy to produce wax during thermal cracking and liquefaction. -The general processing procedure is to cool the lysate in two stages. The first stage separates the liquid oil wax from the gas component, and the second stage further cools the oil slug to separate the solid ants from the liquid oil, and then the solid wax and the raw material. After mixing, lyse again. The disadvantages of this procedure are: (1) The wax is completely cooled to a solid state and then cracked, which results in poor energy efficiency. (B), the situation is prone to block the pipeline. In order to reduce the wax ratio to an acceptable level once on the line (without causing subsequent processing problems), the cracking temperature or cracking time must be increased. The former will increase the gas ratio in the product and reduce the oil production rate. In addition to lowering the treatment rate, there may be cases where the gas ratio in the product increases. The Korean patent No. 13605 is a technology for liquefying waste plastics to produce oil, in which high-boiling components (ie, ant-like parts) and low-boiling f-parts (ie, oil-like parts) are condensed in a collection tank at the same time. Then = the bottom South boiling point component is heated back and cracked. 1226364 Separator or heat exchanger for general chemical applications. Α There are two mechanisms for blocking / cooling temperature control. If the separator is to achieve its purpose by natural heat dissipation, its structure must be quite slender. For eight inches, the liquid will overflow and cannot be refluxed. If a general packed tower is used as a gaseous product interceptor, when the gas flow rate is large, there will be no: scattered: deep inside the packed tower, which makes the interception effect of gaseous products unsatisfactory. If the month ..., ▽ Brother Wu Zhizhang shrinks, although the interception effect increases, but when the gas flow is large, the liquid will overflow and cannot be returned. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The main object of the present invention is to provide a gaseous ant cooling and retaining device that has both effects of shed interception and cooling control, which has one or several ring-shaped channels: a filling material filled in the ring-shaped channel, And a cooling mechanism provided on a continuous wall for partitioning the occurrence channel. The present invention combines a gaseous cooling and trapping device with a traditional method for thermally cracking liquefaction of waste plastics to produce oil by cooling and intercepting gaseous plutonium (the state at normal temperature is plutonium) in a gaseous top product produced by thermal cracking, so that Become high-temperature liquid and return = until the thermal cracking reactor continues to crack, but the gaseous oil (the state at room temperature is oil) and gas still remain in a gaseous state and leave the condenser to condense and collect as refined oil. In this way, without increasing the thermal cracking: cold or greatly extending the thermal cracking time, the wax ratio on the line can be reduced and the workability can be reduced, and the yield of waste plastic thermal cracking liquefaction oil can be increased. the goal of. In addition, the plutonium does not need to be completely cooled to a solid state and then recovered and cracked. The energy efficiency is better, and the pipeline will not be blocked. 1226364 The filling material of the gaseous radon cooling trap of the present invention has the function of collision storage and has the function of a cooling medium; and the main function of the cooling mechanism is to control the temperature of the filling / gaseous top product in the trap and reduce the temperature to Proper temperature. Embodiments of the invention The present invention provides a gaseous wax cooling and retaining device comprising: a tank body including an inlet at one end thereof; an outlet at the other end thereof; and a cooling trapping section interposed between the inlet and the outlet; wherein The cooling and retaining section comprises: one or a plurality of spaced-apart, concentric annular walls, which divide the space in the groove into one or more annular channels and an axial channel; each annular wall is provided with a A cooling mechanism; and a plurality of fillers filled in the annular channel, so that a fluid flowing through the filler and a cooling fluid flowing through the cooling mechanism can perform heat exchange. Che Fujia's cooling mechanism is a sandwich wall that forms a flow channel through which the cooling fluid passes. Preferably, the cooling mechanism is a cooling coil coiled around the annular wall, and the cooling coil tube allows a cooling fluid to pass through. Preferably, the groove body further includes a cooling mechanism provided on the groove wall of the groove body. More preferably, the cooling mechanism is a sandwich wall, and a flow channel is formed between the cooling wall and the groove wall for the cooling fluid to pass through. Optionally, the cooler 1226364 is configured as a cooling coil coiled on the wall of the groove, and the cooling coil pipe allows a cooling fluid to pass through. Preferably, the cooling trap of the present invention has an annular wall. Preferably, the groove body has a circular, oval or square cross section at the cooling and retaining section and the annular wall. Preferably, the filler is a Raschig ring or a saddle ring. Preferably, the tank body of the cooling and retaining device of the present invention further comprises a support net located in the tank body for supporting the filler. The method for producing liquefaction of waste plastics by thermal cracking and liquefaction in combination with the gaseous cooling trap of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1 as follows. Waste plastic or organic waste is introduced into the feed screw 12 of the S screw feeder 10 by a hopper U of the screw feeder 10 through the rotation of the feed screw ι2 and the electric heating sleeve covering the screw 12 ( (Not shown in the figure), the waste plastic or waste organic matter is crushed and at least partially melted, and directly enters a bubble fluidized bed thermal cracking reactor 20 from the discharge end of the screw 12. The reactor 20 is maintained at a reaction temperature at which the waste plastic or organic waste is cracked to produce gaseous hydrocarbons, and a bottom of the reactor 20 is introduced with hot nitrogen (NO) preheated by a preheater 60 to provide the reactor 20 The fluidization power of the internal thermal cracking material and the generation of air bubbles. If necessary, the hot nitrogen can also be supplied to the bottom of the feeding hopper n (as indicated by the dashed line) ^ to help the supply of nitrogen from a nitrogen storage tank 70 and a The compressor 80 is used to achieve this. The top product of the gaseous hydrocarbon produced by thermal cracking in the reactor 20 is passed through the upper part of the reactor—the pipe is led out and enters a gaseous wax to cool it. The gaseous wax is cooled in the trap 30 to become a high-temperature liquid and returned to the reactor 20 to continue cracking. At the same time, the uncooled gaseous material passes through the top of the trap 30-the pipe 44 is led out and enters a Oil condenser 40. Since the gaseous wax (wax at normal temperature) in the top product of the gaseous hydrocarbon produced by thermal cracking has been trapped and returned to the reactor 20 in a liquid manner, The gaseous substance flowing out of the top of the retainer 30 will not form a solid wax in the pipeline 44 and avoid the problem of clogging the pipeline. Similarly, the oil condenser 40 cools the product of the gaseous substance from the retainer 30. It will be liquid oil (collected in an oil storage tank 50) and non-condensed oil and gas (discharged from the pipeline 45 to the downstream processing unit), and there will be no problem of solid matter blocking it. The gaseous wax cooling and retaining device of the present invention A preferred embodiment of 30 is shown in Figs. 2 and 3, and includes-trough 豸 31, which is located at the bottom end of the trough body and is used to introduce an inlet 32 for the top product of hydrocarbons, and located at the top end of the trough body for export An outlet 33 of the uncooled gaseous substance, and a cooling trap section 34 between the A-A line and the b-b line. The cooling trap section includes an inner cooling sleeve 35 ° and a groove in the groove body An outer cooling bush 37 on the wall 36 is filled with a filler 38 (such as a Raschig ring) between the inner cooling sleeve and the groove wall, and a support net 39 supporting the filler. The inner cooling sleeve % Has a sandwich channel 351 'cold fluid (not shown) by the clip An upper layer of the channel flows in and flows out from below. The outer cooling bush 37 and the groove wall also have a sandwich channel 361, and a cooling fluid (not shown) flows in from above the layer channel 361 and It flows out underneath. By the impact provided by the filler, it has the function of interception and the function of the cooling medium; in cooperation with the interlayer channel, the control of the cooling fluid in 361 reduces the temperature of the filler 38 / gaseous top product 1226364. The gaseous wax is trapped to an appropriate temperature to make the gaseous hydrocarbon top product and return to the reactor 20 in liquid form. 'The diameter of the gaseous wax cooling trap can be adjusted, as well as the cooling fluid circuit and the waste plastic heat The inner cooling jacket 35 and the groove wall 36 of the scaler 30 for cracking liquefied oil can increase the number of the inner cooling jacket 35 and have a plurality of filled annular channels. Comparative Example In the absence of the application of the gaseous wax cooling and retaining device 30 used in the method of the present invention, the effect of the bubble fluidized bed thermal cracking of low-density polyethylene plastic (LDPE) is shown in Table 1, in which the thermal cracking reaction When the temperature is 500 ° C to 550 ° C, the oil production rate is between 43.2 to 43.9%, and the butterfly yield is 35.4 to 45.3%. (wt% y Temperature (° c) 500 550 600 650 700 Gas 10.8 21.4 24.2 40.1 71.4 Oil 43.9 43.2 51.0 47.8 24.6 Wax 45.3 35.4 24.8 12.1 4.0 Oil + 蠘 89.2 78.6 75.8 59.9 28.6 * Source: “Fluidised bed pyrolysis of low density polyethylene to produce petrochemical feedstock59 Paul T. 1226364
Williams, Elizabeth A. Williams Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 51 (1999) 107-126 實施例 於對照例的氣泡式流體化床熱裂解反應器後接上圖2 及3所示的氣態躐冷卻截留器30後，氣泡式流體化床熱裂 解低密度聚乙烯塑膠（LDPE)之改善效果如表二所示，其中 熱裂解反應溫度於515C〜530C時（氣態躐冷卻截留器3〇 的溫度為120~320。〇,產油率介於55·3~59 4%，比無氣態 峨冷卻截留器時之43.2~43.9%高31.7%，蠛的產率低於 7.0-8.3%比無氣癌蠟冷卻截留器時之35 4~45 3%相較低了 許多；甚至比表一中的無氣態蠟冷卻截留器、反應溫度高 達60(TC時之產油率51.0%及產蠟率24 8%的效果更佳。 本發明蠟即時迴流再裂解式廢塑膠熱裂解液化產油方 法於氣態蠟冷卻截留器配合使用下，於氣泡式流體化床熱 裂解低密度聚乙烯塑膠(LDPE)時，可實際達到攔截蠟迴流 再裂解之效果。 11 1226364 表二環狀式氣態蠟冷卻截留器配合氣泡式流體化床裂解低密度聚乙烯塑 膠(LDPE)時裂解產油率(wt·%) 產物 裂解溫度(°C) 515〇C 530〇C 氣體 37.7 32.3 油 55.3 59.4 蠟+其他 7.0 8.3 圖式簡單說明 圖1顯示結合有本發明的氣態冷卻截留器的廢塑膠熱 裂解液化產油方法的示意流程圖。 圖2顯示本發明的氣態冷卻截留器的一較佳具體實施 例的示意剖視圖。 圖3顯示介於圖2中的A-A與B-B線之間的氣態冷卻 截留器的冷卻截留段34的示意立體圖。 主要元件之圖號說明 10··進料機；11··料斗；12··進料螺桿；20·.反應器； 30··截留器；40··油冷凝器；44、45··管路；60··預熱器； 70··氮氣貯槽；80··壓縮機；31··槽體；32··入口； 33.·出口； 34··冷卻截留段；35··内冷卻套管；36··槽壁；37..外冷卻襯 套；38··填充物；39·.支撐網；351、361··夾層通道 12Williams, Elizabeth A. Williams Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 51 (1999) 107-126 Example is a bubble type fluidized bed thermal cracking reactor of a comparative example, followed by a gaseous plutonium cooling trap 30 shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Afterwards, the improvement effect of bubble type fluidized bed thermal cracking of low-density polyethylene plastic (LDPE) is shown in Table 2, where the thermal cracking reaction temperature is 515C ~ 530C (the temperature of the gaseous radon cooling trap 3 is 120 ~ 320 〇, the oil production rate is between 55 · 3 ~ 59 4%, which is 31.7% higher than the 43.2 ~ 43.9% without gaseous E-cooling trap, and the yield of plutonium is lower than 7.0-8.3% than the non-gas cancer wax cooling and trapping. 35 4 ~ 45 3% phase is much lower; even the gas-free wax cooling trap in Table 1, the reaction temperature is as high as 60 (51.0% oil production rate at TC and 24 8% wax production effect The method of instant reflux re-cracking waste plastic thermal cracking liquefaction and oil production of the present invention can be practically achieved when the low-density polyethylene plastic (LDPE) is thermally cracked in a bubble fluidized bed with the use of a gaseous wax cooling and retaining device. Intercept the effect of wax recirculation and cracking. 11 1226364 Table 2 ring gas Oil cooling rate (wt ·%) when paraffin-type fluidized bed cracking low-density polyethylene plastic (LDPE) is used in the wax cooling trap and the product cracking temperature (° C) 515 ° C 530 ° C gas 37.7 32.3 oil 55.3 59.4 wax + Other 7.0 8.3 diagrams Brief description Figure 1 shows a schematic flow chart of a method for liquefying and producing oil by thermal cracking of waste plastic combined with a gaseous cooling trap of the present invention. Figure 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the gaseous cooling trap of the present invention Fig. 3 shows a schematic perspective view of the cooling trapping section 34 of the gaseous cooling trap between the AA and BB lines in Fig. 2. The drawing numbers of the main components 10 ·· feeder; 11 ·· hopper 12 ·· feed screw; 20 ·· reactor; 30 ·· retentor; 40 ·· oil condenser; 44, 45 ·· pipeline; 60 ·· preheater; 70 ·· nitrogen storage tank; 80 · · Compressor; 31 ·· Slot body; 32 ·· Inlet; 33. · Exit; 34 ·· Cooling retention section; 35 ·· Inner cooling jacket; 36 ·· Slot wall; 37 .. Outer cooling bushing; 38 ·· stuffing; 39 ·. Support net; 351, 361 ·· sandwich channel 12